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Cell Biology MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

Here are 1000 MCQs on Cell Biology (Chapterwise).
1. What is a cell?
a) smallest and advanced unit of life
b) smallest and basic unit of life
c) largest and basic unit of life
d) largest and advanced unit of life
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A cell is the smallest and most fundamental unit of life, responsible for all of life’s
operations. All living beings have cells that serve as structural, functional, and biological units.

2. Which of the following is a functional unit of a body?

a) Mitochondria
b) Cytoplasm
c) Spleen
d) Cell
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Because all living beings are made up of cells, the cell is recognized as the
structural and functional unit of life.

3. What is cell biology?

a) Study of cell division only
b) Study of cancerous cell
c) Study of cell structure and function
d) Study of metaphase of a cell
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The study of cell structure and function is known as cell biology, and it is based on
the idea that the cell is the most basic unit of life. Concentrating on the cell allows for a more in-
depth understanding of the tissues and organisms that cells make up.

4. Which of the following is used by cells to interact with other cells?

a) Cell tubules
b) Cell junctions
c) Cell adhesions
d) Cell detectors
View Answer
5. In which of the following type of cells the cell junction is abundant?
a) Cardiac cells
b) Prokaryotic cells
c) Hepatic cells
d) Epithelial cells
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The cell junction is abundant in epithelial cells, which provide barrier and control
over the transport in the cell. It is otherwise known as intercellular bridge, which is made up of
multiprotein complexes.

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6. What is epithelial mesenchymal transistion?

a) Loss of migration and gain of adhesion
b) Formation of mesenchymal cells
c) Loss of adhesion and gain of migration
d) Lysis of cell
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Epithelial mesenchymal transition is the property of cells losing adhesion and
gaining migration. It is highly useful in the pluripotency of stem cells in organ development.

7. In which of the following type of cells the Gap junctions are absent?
a) Sperm cells
b) Brain cells
c) Reproductive cells
d) Cardiac cells
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gap junctions are absent in all the cell that are motile. Gap junctions are also absent
in erythrocytes. These motile cells do not have a necessity for the passage of molecules or ions.

8. In which of the following type of cells Sarcoplasmic reticulum is found?

a) muscle cells
b) liver cells
c) kidney cells
d) neurons
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum sequesters calcium ions within the cytoplasm of the
cell and controlled release of Ca2+ from the SER of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells triggers
contraction. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in the aforementioned cells is known as
sarcoplasmic reticulum.

9. Which of the following are phagocytic cells?

a) neutrophils, mast cells
b) mast cells, macrophages
c) mast cells, antibodies
d) neutrophils, macrophages
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Neutrophils and macrophages are the phagocytic cells that ingest potentially
dangerous microbes; the microbes are then inactivated by the low pH of lysosomes present in
these cells followed by their enzymatic digestion.

10. Which of the following is known as the powerhouse of a cell?

a) Mitochondria
b) Cytoplasm
c) Lysosome
d) Nuclei
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The mitochondria, also known as the “powerhouse of the cell,” are the organelles
that produce energy within the cell. The mitochondria are the major site for ATP generation and
play a significant role in cellular respiration.

11. Which of the following is known as the suicide bag of a cell?

a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi Complex
c) Lysosome
d) Nuclei
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The digesting enzymes are found in lysosomes. When lysosomes rupture, digestive
enzymes are released, which begin digesting the body’s own cells. That’s why they’re referred to
as suicidal bags.

12. Lysosomes are produced by which of the following cell organelles?

a) Mitochondria
b) Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Golgi Complex
d) DNA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: They are produced by the Golgi body. The fusion of vesicles from the Golgi
complex with endosomes produces lysosomes.

13. Which of the following cell organelle is responsible for transporting, modifying, and
packaging proteins and lipids?
a) Mitochondria
b) Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) Golgi Complex
d) DNA
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, is a factory where proteins
from the ER are further processed and sorted before being transported to their final destinations:
secretion, lysosomes, or the plasma membrane.

14. Which of the following cell doesn’t contain a cell wall?

a) Plant cell
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Animal cell
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Plant cells require a cell wall, but animal cells do not, as plants require a stiff
framework in order to grow up and out. Cell membranes are present in all cells and are flexible.
Plant cells only have the shapes of their cell walls, but animal cells can have a variety of shapes.

15. Who is the father of cell biology?

a) George N. Papanicolaou
b) George Emil Palade
c) Robert Hooke
d) None of the above
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Dr. George Emil Palade, a Nobel Laureate, is known as the “Father of Cell
Biology” for his pioneering work in the subject. He was a pioneer in the use of the electron
microscope, which he used to discover ribosomes and secretory protein activity.
16. DNA is stored in which of the following cell organelle?
a) Cell wall
b) Cell Membrane
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: DNA contains the blueprints for all of the proteins in our bodies, neatly packed in a
double helix. Transcription and translation are the processes that turn DNA into proteins, and
they take place in distinct parts of the cell. The first step, transcription, takes place in the nucleus,
which is where the DNA is stored.

17. In which of the following cell nucleus is not present?

a) Eukaryotic cell
b) Prokaryotic cell
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Nucleus is absent in prokaryotic cells. Instead, they have a nucleoid region in the
cell.

18. Which of the following organisms doesn’t have a cell?

a) Virus
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Algae
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Viruses aren’t made up of cells. Their genetic material is protected by a protein
covering (either DNA or RNA). However, they lack a cell membrane and other organelles seen
in cells.

19. Who proposed the cell theory?

a) Theodor Schwann, Watson and Robert Hooke
b) Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden and Robert Hooke
c) Theodor Schwann, Matthias Schleiden and Rudolf Virchow
d) NTheodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow and Robert Hooke
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Theodor Schwann proposed the classical cell hypothesis. This hypothesis is divided
into three parts. All organisms are made up of cells, according to the first section. Cells are the
basic units of life, according to the second portion. These sections were based on a conclusion
reached by Schwann and Matthias Schleiden. Rudolf Virchow declared Omnis cellula e cellula,
claiming that cells come from preexisting cells that had multiplied.

20. RNA is present in which of the following cell organelles?

a) Cell wall
b) Ribosome
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm
d) Golgi complex
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Ribosomes are tiny organelles that contain RNA and specific proteins within the
cytoplasm.

21. A cell organelle that is present in animal cells but not present in plant cells is?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Centrosome
c) Mitochondrial
d) Cytoplasm
d) Golgi complex
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Plant cells lack a centrosome and lysosomes, while animal cells do. Animal cells
lack a cell wall, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, as well as a big central vacuole, but
plant cells do.

22. Which of the following cell is found in the brain?

a) Neuron
b) Hepatocyte
c) Nephron
d) Epithelial cell
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Hepatocyte is found in the liver. The nephron is the filtering unit of the kidney.
Epithelial cell lines the surfaces of your body.

23. Protein synthesis takes place in which of the following cell organelle?
a) Cell wall
b) Ribosome
c) Nucleus
d) Cytoplasm
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Protein synthesis takes place on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes in the
cytoplasm. Ribosomes in the cytoplasm transform mRNA molecules exported from the nucleus
into protein (which are RNA-protein complexes, not organelles).

24. Which of the following cells are found in the intestinal lining?
a) RBCs
b) Neurons
c) Epithelial cells
d) Hepatocytes
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Epithelial cells line the intestine and are responsible for the uptake and absorption
of nutrients from the digestive tract. Microvilli are located at the apical end of these cells and
mitochondria are located at the basal end.

25. Which of the following polysaccharide is not present in the eukaryotic plant cell wall?
a) Chitin
b) Hemicellulose
c) Pectin
d) Cellulose
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Chitin is a polysaccharide that is present mainly in exoskeletons of Arthropods and
are not a component of plant cell wall. Plant cell wall is majorly composed of cellulose,
hemicelluloses and pectin.

26. Which of the following is the process of synthesis of glucose?

a) saccharification
b) glycolysis
c) gluconeogenesis
d) neogenesis
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The anabolic pathway that leads to the formation of glucose is referred to as
gluconeogenesis. A cell can synthesize glucose at the same it as utilizing glucose as the source of
chemical energy.

27. Which of the following site is represented by Loops in lampbrush chromosomes?

a) Crossing over
b) Cell division
c) Replication
d) Transcription
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Lampbrush chromosomes are a type of giant chromosomes found in the growing
oocytes of amphibians. Twin loops arise on either side of the chromosome in the meiotic
prophase. This is due to the active transcription of many genes.

28. Which of the following part of a neuron receives information from other neurons?
a) myelin sheath
b) dendrites
c) cell body
d) axon
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The fine extensions from the cell body of the neurons are called dendrites which
receive information from external sources, usually other neighboring neurons.

29. Which of the following is not a component of cell membranes?

a) Phosphotriglycerides
b) Cholesterol
c) Sphingolipids
d) Phosphodiglycerides
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Phospholipids present in cell membrane are diglycerides and not triglycerides.
Triglycerides have three fatty acids and are not ampipathic in nature. It also consists of
sphingolipid and cholesterol.

30. Which of the following promote curvature of cell membrane?

a) Phosphatidyl serine (PS)
b) Phosphatidyl inositol(PI)
c) Phosphatidyl choline (PC)
d) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: PE promotes the curvature of cell membrane. This is important in the budding and
fusion of cell membranes during maturation.

31. Which of the following is not a type of chromosomal aberration?

a) duplication
b) translocation
c) mutations
d) inversion
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Chromosomal aberration refers to the change in number of chromosomes or any
other associated errors. There are various types of chromosomal aberrations including inversions,
translocations, duplications etc. Mutation however is a broader term.

32. Which of the following cells release insulin when glucose levels elevate in the body?
a) gamma cells
b) beta cells
c) alpha cells
d) zeta cells
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The beta cells in pancreas secrete insulin when the blood glucose levels elevate
while the alpha cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon when the blood glucose levels drop.
Insulin acts as an extracellular messenger molecule.

33. Which of the following cells are pluripotent?

a) embryonic stem cells
b) nucleosomes
c) hepatocytes
d) neurons
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Embryonic stem cells appear very early in the development of a mammalian
embryo and possess two very unique properties, indefinite self-renewal and capability of
differentiating into different cell types.

34. Which of the following cells do not lack the ability to divide?
a) red blood cells
b) muscle cells
c) skin cells
d) nerve cells
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Only highly specialized cells of the body such as nerve cells, muscle cells and red
blood cells lack the ability to divide, once they have differentiated they remain in that state till
the end of their life cycles.
35. Which of the following cells do not usually divide but can be induced to divide?
a) liver cells
b) red blood cells
c) hair cells
d) hair follicles
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Liver cells do not usually grow and divide but can be made to do so under specific
conditions such as liver surgery. Lymphocytes can also be induced to regrow and divide by
interaction with a proper antigen.

This set of Cell Biology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Bioenergetics”.

1. Reactions that lose heat are termed as _____________

a) endothermic
b) exothermic
c) chemical
d) physical
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. It is only transduced from one form
into another. Heat is also a form of energy; reactions in which heat is lost to the surroundings are
termed as exothermic reactions and those in which heat is gained from the system are termed as
endothermic reactions.

2. According to laws of thermodynamics, the energy of the Universe is _________ whereas the
entropy ______________
a) constant, increases
b) constant, decreases
c) increases, remains constant
d) decreases, remains constant
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: According to the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the energy of the
universe remains constant however the entropy increases owing to the randomness.
3. Exergonic processes are thermodynamically unfavorable.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The processes having negative Gibbs free energy (-ΔG) are termed as exergonic;
are thermodynamically favored and are spontaneous in nature. Processes having +ΔG are
endergonic, thermodynamically unfavorable and non-spontaneous.

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4. Hydrolysis of ATP is which type of reaction?

a) Physical
b) Mechanical
c) Endergonic
d) Exergonic
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Hydrolysis of ATP is the most important chemical reaction in a living cell. It is
highly favorable and exergonic with a standard free energy (ΔG⁰’) between reactants and
products equal to -7.3 kcal/mol.

5. Cellular metabolism is a non-equilibrium metabolism.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Cellular metabolism is essentially a non-equilibrium metabolism; that is the ratio of
reactants to products is maintained in a non-equilibrium state. This makes most of the reactions
irreversible.

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6. Which of the following are responsible virtually for every reaction that takes place inside a
cell?
a) Carbohydrates
b) ADP
c) Nucleic acids
d) Enzymes
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Enzymes are the catalysts responsible for virtually everything that takes place
inside a cell. Without these catalysts the cellular metabolism and bioenergetics would be
imperceptible.

7. Protein catalysts are called __________ and RNA catalysts are called _____________
a) enzymes, ribozymes
b) ribozymes, enzymes
c) enzymes, ribosomes
d) ribosomes, enzymes
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: RNA catalysts are called ribozymes whereas protein catalysts are called enzymes.
Most of the catalysts are enzymes made of proteins.

8. The non-protein constituents of conjugated proteins are called ___________

a) enzymes
b) cofactors
c) amino acids
d) nucleosides
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The non-protein constituents of conjugated proteins (that act as enzymes) are called
cofactors. These cofactors can be inorganic metals or organic coenzymes.

9. Enzymes have no effect on which of the following, in a chemical reaction?

a) activation energy
b) speed
c) thermodynamics
d) completion time
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Enzymes are responsible for catalyzing reactions by reducing the activation energy.
However there is no effect on the thermodynamic aspect of the given reaction.

10. What will happen if heat is applied to an enzyme mediated reaction?

a) Rate will increase
b) pH will increase
c) pH will decrease
d) Denaturation of enzyme
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The rate of an enzymatic reaction will increase with temperature but only upto a
certain limit. Too much heat energy causes the enzyme to denature. This rate varies among
different enzymes.

11. Chymotrypsin is a ___________

a) starch
b) polymer
c) buffer
d) enzyme
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Chymotrypsin is an enzyme that digests food proteins within the small intestine.
The active site of this enzyme contains partial positive and partial negative charges.

12. Induced fit in an enzyme refers to ____________________

a) error
b) loop
c) conformational change
d) torsional change
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Induced fit of an enzyme refers to the conformational change that arises when a
substrate molecule comes and binds to an enzyme. As these conformational changes arise,
mechanical work is performed the enzyme exerts physical force on certain bonds within the
substrate. This has an effect of destabilizing the enzyme, causing it to adopt a transition state in
which this strain is relieved.

13. Allosteric site is same as enzyme’s active site.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Allosteric site is spatially different from enzyme’s active site. It is the site where a
compound can bind and lead to inhibition or activation of an enzyme.
14. Feedback inhibition is cell’s mechanism to _____________ the process of anabolism.
a) activate
b) inhibit
c) increase
d) decrease
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Feedback inhibition acts as a check point. If the formation of products is too much,
the product itself acts as the inhibitor of the enzyme thus causing the reaction to stop. Feedback
inhibition loop is found in most of the cell’s anabolic and catabolic processes.

15. What is the process of synthesis of glucose by the liver is referred to as?
a) gluconeogenesis
b) neogenesis
c) glycolysis
d) saccharification
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The anabolic pathway that leads to the formation of glucose is referred to as
gluconeogenesis. A cell can synthesize glucose at the same it is utilizing glucose as the source of
chemical energy.

Multiple Choice Questions of

Biology with Answers
By admin

8 min read

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Biology is the Natural Science that involved the study of life and living
organism.  This post contains Multiple Choice Questions of Biology with Answers
for NTS, PPSC, CSS, FPSC and other job tests. Students who want to prepare
Biology MCQs for entry test in any medical college can also get benefit from
these Objective type questions of Biology. MCQs are taken from Caravan
General Knowledge Book. For MCQs on General Biology Click here.
Multiple Choice Questions of Biology with Answers for NTS, PPSC, CSS
and FPSC | Biology Quiz
1. What is the main purpose of white blood corpuscles?
(a) To carry nutrients
(b) To combat infection
(c) To carry oxygen
(d) To give strength
Hide Answer
(b) To combat infection

2. The total volume of blood in a normal human being is ________

(a) 5-6 liters
(b) 3-4 liters
(c) 8-10Iiters
(d) 10-12Iiters
Hide Answer
(a) 5-6 liters

3. Red blood corpuscles are formed in the ___________

(a) Liver
(b) Bone marrow
(c) Kidneys
(d) Heart
Hide Answer
(b) Bone marrow

4. Blood does not coagulate inside the body due to the presence of
________
(a) Haemoglobin
(b) Heparin
(c) Fibrin
(d) Plasma
Hide Answer
(b) Heparin

5. The number of bones in the human body of an adult is approximately

__________
(a) 210
(b) 250
(c) 206
(d) Not fixed
Hide Answer
(c) 206

6. Lungs are situated in the_______________

(a) Abdominal cavity
(b) Pericardinal cavity
(c) Buccal cavity
(d) Thoracic cavity
Hide Answer
(d) Thoracic cavity

7. The pancreas secretes ________

(a) Insulin
(b) Vatiman A
(c) Bile juice
(d) None of these
Hide Answer
(a) Insulin

8. The seat of memory in the human brain is located in the _________

(a) Medulla oblongata
(b) Cerebrum
(c) Codex
(d) Cerebellum
Hide Answer
(c) Codex
9. Tibia is a bone found in the __________
(a) Skull
(b) Am
(c) Leg
(d) Face
Hide Answer
(c) Leg

10. The strongest muscle in the human body is found in _________

(a) Hands
(b) Buttocks
(c) Neck
(d) Legs
Hide Answer
(b) Buttocks

11. The main function of the kidney is ________

(a) To control blood pressure
(b) To control body temperature
(c) To remove waste products from the body
(d) To help in digestion of food
Hide Answer
(c) To remove waste products from the body

12. A gene is a ___________

(a) Sleep-inducing drug
(b) Unit of heredity
(c) A kind of vitamin
(d) A type of body cell
Hide Answer
(b) Unit of heredity

13. The function of haemoglobin is ________

(a) To transport oxygen
(b) Destruction of bacteria
(c) Prevention of anaemia
(d) Utilization of energy
Hide Answer
(a) To transport oxygen

14. A vegetable containing sulphur is _______

(a) Potato
(b) Cabbage
(c) Brinjal
(d) Pumpkin
Hide Answer
(b) Cabbage

15. Enzymes help in _________

(a) Respiration
(b) Digestion of food
(c) Immune system
(d) Reproduction
Hide Answer
(b) Digestion of food

16. Ptyalin is an enzyme produced in the ___________

(a) Salivary glands
(b) Pituitary glands
(c) Thyroid glands
(d) Pancreas
Hide Answer
(a) Salivary glands

17. Heightened emotion is caused by __________

(a) Pituitary glands
(b) Thyroid glands
(c) Adrenal glands
(d) Salivary glands
Hide Answer
(c) Adrenal glands

18. The shortest bone in the human body is _____________

(a) Vertebrae
(b) Stapes
(c) Phalanges
(d) Metacarpals
Hide Answer
(b) Stapes

19. A balanced diet contains ____________

(a) Animal protein
(b) Macro and micro nutrients
(c) Food nutrients for growth and maintenance
(d) Butter and ghee
Hide Answer
(c) Food nutrients for growth and maintenance

20. Wisdom teeth normally grow between the age of _________

(a) 34-40
(b) 17-30
(c) 45-55
(d) 10-17
Hide Answer
(a) 34-40

21. “Dossier” means__________

(a) The do of medicine
(b) The actual thing
(c) Relevant papers
(d) Unarranged papers
Hide Answer
(c) Relevant papers

22. Lack of ____________ causes diabetes

(a) Sugar
(b) Insulin
(c) Calcium
(d) Vitamins
Hide Answer
(b) Insulin

23. The biopsy is done on _____________

(a) Tissue taken from a dead body
(b) Tissue taken from a living body
(c) BIood from veins
(d) Blood from arteries
Hide Answer
(b) Tissue taken from a living body

24. Triple antigen vaccine is given to children to protect them against

_______
(a) Polio
(b) Whooping cough
(c) Tuberculosis
(d) Contagious diseases
Hide Answer
(b) Whooping cough

25. A man weighing 96 kg consists of approximately _______ litres of

water.
(a) 50 litres
(b) 66.5 Iitres
(c) 82 litres
(d) 421itres
Hide Answer
(b) 66.5 Iitres

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