ALFIN CAESAR SIAHAAN

XII MIA
LESSON 3

1. What are the expressions asking for and giving suggestion used for?
 Expressions asking for and giving suggestion used for present a suggestion that is to
introduce or propose an idea or a plan for consideration and propose a plan. It can be
accepted or refused.
2. Write down the expressions asking for and giving suggestion!
A. Expressions asking for:
 Do you have any ideas for me?
 Do you have any suggestions for me?
 Do you have any advice for me?
 Would you mind giving me your suggestion?
 Can you tell me what I should do?
 What should I do?
B. Giving suggestion:
 You should + V1
 You had better + V1
 You ought to + V1
 I advise you to + V1
 I suggest you to + V1
 I recommend you to + V1
3. What is gerund? Explain and mention its functions in sentences by giving each example.
 A gerund is the –ing form of a verb that functions the same as a noun. For example,
“Running is fun.” In this sentence, “running” is the gerund. It acts just like a noun.
 The infinitive form of a verb appears either as the basic form (with no marking) or
with the word “to.” For example, you can say “I might run to the store” or “I like to
run.” In this sentence, “to run” is the infinitive
4. How is the formula of gerund?
A. Gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence. Gerund = the present
participle (-ing) form of the verb, e.g., singing, dancing, running. Infinitive = to + the
base form of the verb, e.g., to sing, to dance, to run.
5. Participles can be used as adjective in a sentence.
Mention the difference between the present and the past participles when they are used
as adjective?
B. Generally, the past participle (ending in -ed) is used to describe how someone feels,
while the present participle (ending in -ing) is used to describe what made them feel
that way.
6. Give some examples about present and past participle in sentences.
A. Present participle:
 The thief cut through the padlock. He opened the wooden door. Cutting through
the padlock, the thief opened the door. The pilot banked sharply. She managed to
 avoid the buildings. Banking sharply, the pilot managed to avoid the buildings. He
disguised himself as a cleaner. He entered the bank. Disguising himself as a cleaner
he entered the bank. She drove as quickly as possible. She arrived just in time.
Driving as quickly as possible, she arrived just in time. The lightning flashed vividly.
It struck the church steeple. Flashing vividly, the lightning struck the church
steeple.

B. Past participle:
 The car was damaged in the accident. It needed a new door. Damaged in the
accident, the car needed a new door. The boat was tossed up and down. It
developed a leak. Tossed up and down, the boat developed a leak. I was
impressed by the team. I stayed for the whole match. Impressed by the team, I
stayed for the whole match. She was pleased with her present. She gave him a
hug. Pleased with her present, she gave him a hug.
7. What is explaination text?
 Explanation text is a text that explains about a process or sequence of phenomena.
There are 2 types of explanation text; sequential and cause and effect.
8. Write down the grammatical features of explanation text!
A. Using simple present tense
B. Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
C. Using Passive voice
D. Using Action verbs
E. Containing explanation of the process.
9. Write down the generic structure of explanation text?
A. General statement:
 General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
B. Sequenced of explanation:
 Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
10. Write down an example of explanation text and identify based on its generic structure.
Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave
("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is
rapidlydisplaced on a massive scale. A tsunami will be generated when the seafloor
abruptly deforms and vertically displaces theoverlying water. Such large vertical
movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries. Subduction of earthquakes
are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur wheredenser oceanic plates slip
under continental plates. As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of
gravity to regain its equilibrium, itradiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of
water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods
powerfully intothe coastal area.
Generic structure:
A. General Statement The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means
harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when
water in a lake or a sea is rapidlydisplaced on a massive scale.
B. Squenced of Explanation A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly
deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of
the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries. Subduction of earthquakes are
particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur wheredenser oceanic plates slip
under continental plates. As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of
gravity to regain its equilibrium, itradiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
C. Closing Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the
huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising
fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.