TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

DISUSUN

OLEH :

NAMA : RAUDA PUTRI A MUSKA

KELAS : XI MIA 1

SMA AL-FIQRI TELAGA PIRU

TAHUN AJARAN 2021

Types of Modals

1. Present Capital
S + Modal + Verb-1
(Capital: Will, Shall, Can, May, Must, Should)
a. Will (will)
Used to express:
– means “will” in the future simple tense, and is the same as to be going to
Example: I will go to Bandung tomorrow
– Politely request or offer
Example: Will you carry that bag for me? (Will you carry the bag for me?)
b. Shall (will)
Used to express:
– means “will” in future tense
Example: I shall go to Jakarta tomorrow
– Offering help
Example: Shall i turn on the light? (Should I turn on the light?)
– Making a promise
Example: I shall meet her tomorrow
c. Must (must, must)
Auxiliary verbs which mean must or must, are used to express:
– must/should
Example: You must go now
– In negative sentences and make answers from interrogative sentences, always use need not or
needn't instead of must not or mustn't
Example: Must I go now? Yes you must / yes you need
-Must not (musn't) indicates prohibition or not allowed
Example: You must not smoke in the class
– Must = have to (she/he has to)
Example: You must read this book = You have to read this book
– Must has no past tense. The past tense which has the same meaning is “had to”, and the form is the
same for all objects
Example: I had to meet my sister yesterday
d. May (maybe, may)
Auxiliary verb which means “may/may”, is used to express:
- Permit application
Example: May I borrow your motorcycle? Yes, you may
– Request or wish
Example: May you both full of happiness
e. Should/ought to
Used for:
– Auxiliary verb which means should or should
Example: She ought to be here now
– Declare tasks/works that are not completed/fulfilled or neglected
Example: The work ought to have been finished last week
f. can (can)
Used to express:
- A person's ability or skill
Example: I can sing
- Asking for permission
Example: Can I borrow your book? (May I borrow your book?)
-Stating the possibility
Example: He can be ill
2. Past Capital
S + Past Modal + Verb-1
Modal Past: Would, Should, Must/Had to, Might, Could)
a. Would
Used to express:
- Past form of will which means "will"
Example: He would be punished before he escaped
-A request/request politely
Example: Would you please help me? (Would you like to help me?)
-When combined with the word "like" it shows a desire or desire
Example: i would like to eat
- Combined with the word "rather" shows the meaning of prefer (prefer)
Example: I would rather be a doctor than a president
b. Should
Used to express:
– Past form of shall
Example: When he came to my house I should go
- Suggestion, meaning "should"
Example: You are ill, you should go to the doctor soon
– Must
Example: He should study hard
– In the past form it means to show an activity that should be done but in fact it is not done, or it can
also mean regret in the past
Example: You should have studied hard before taking an exam. This means that the subject does not
study hard but still takes the exam.
c. Must/Had to
– Past form of Must.
- Must (cannot not be done).
Example: You must/had to study in Biology class yesterday. (You should have studied harder
yesterday in biology class)
d. Might
– Expressing news sentences in the form of Past Tense.
Example: The newspaper said it might rain tomorrow. (News in the newspaper stated the possibility
of rain tomorrow)
– Expressing a more polite expression.
Example: Joni might do the exam well. (Joni will do well on the exam)
– Expresses a high probability.
Example: Ariel was absent yesterday. He might be sick. (Ariel didn't come in yesterday. He might be
sick)
e. Could
is the past tense of can and the form is the same for all subjects. However, in its use it does not always
mean past tense or past. Could can be used to express:
– Past form of can
Example: Mary could sing a song when she was young
– Request politely
Example: Could you help me now? (Can you help me now?)

Examples of Modal Sentences

1. I can run fast. (I can/can run)
2. You can use my motorcycle
3. Can I borrow your notebook? (May I borrow your notebook?)
4. When I was a child, I could run fast
5. Could you help me? (Can you help me?)
6. You could talk to your teacher about your problem
7. I will cook dinner for my family
8. Will you please turn the TV off? (Can you turn off the TV?)
9. Would you please show me the way to the bus station? (Can you show me the way to the bus stop?)
10. I would rather stay at home than go for shopping
11. May I borrow your dictionary? (Can I borrow your dictionary?)
12. You may leave earlier
13. John might be at the canteen
14. You should stay at home
15. I must go now
16. You must not cheat on the exam
17. Shall I close the window? (Should I close the window?)
18. I shall go to school at 6:30

-Possibility
Example: She could be at home now, but she usually plays volleyball
3. Perfect Capital
S + Modal Perfect+ Have + Verb-3
(Modal perfect: Must, Might, Should, Could)
a. Must have + V3
Past conclusions.
Example: Anto passed the exam. He must have studied. (Anto did well in his exams. He must be
studying)
b. Might have + V3
Possibly past.
Example: Anto was absent. He might have been sick. (Anto didn't come in. He might be sick)
c. Should have + V3
Requirements that have not been done in the past.
Example: Anto didn't pass. He should have studied. (Anto didn't pass. He should have studied)
Facts contradict: he didn't study.
d. Could have + V3
An ability that was not used in the past.
Example:
Anto could have done the homework himself. (Anto should be able to finish his homework by
himself)
Facts contradict: He didn't do the homework himself.
Earthquake

(Thesis)

Earthquake is a vibration or shaking that occurs on the surface of the earth as a result of the sudden
release of energy from within and creates seismic waves. The word earthquake is also used to
indicate the area where the earthquake occurred. Earthquake natural disasters occur suddenly, in
contrast to other natural disasters, such as floods, for example, when there is heavy rain before it
can flood. Indonesia is often hit by earthquakes, partly because Indonesia has many volcanoes.
There are several types of earthquakes, including tectonic earthquakes, volcanism, seismic, volcanic,
and collapse or avalanches. Tectonism is a shift and change in the earth's crust on a large scale,
generally including faults, folds and plate tectonics. Volcanism is a natural event due to magma
activity. Seismic earthquakes are violent vibrations that occur suddenly. This earthquake is a very
devastating natural event. Collapse earthquake is an earthquake that occurs because the soil or rock
is not able to suppress the load on it. The earthquake that occurred in the ciaruten area could be
called a seismic earthquake or it could be a collapse earthquake because the earthquake occurred
suddenly and caused the collapse of the bridge

(ARGUMENTATION)

Even though our earth is solid, it is always moving, and earthquakes occur when the pressure caused
by the movement is too great to be endured. Earthquakes usually happen at the aforementioned
borders of those continental shelf. The largest earthquakes usually occur at compressional and
translational plate boundaries. Deep focus earthquakes are most likely to occur because the
lithospheric material wedged inward undergoes phase transitions at depths of more than 600 km.
Several other earthquakes can also occur due to the movement of magma within the volcano. Such
an earthquake can be a symptom of an impending volcanic eruption. Some can also occur due to the
injection or extraction of fluids from/into the earth. Earthquakes can also occur from the detonation
of explosives caused by humans themselves, earthquakes caused by humans like this are also called
induced seismicity.

(REAFFIRMATION)

The waves in an earthquake cause the soil layer to move, shake the building and cause the building
construction to become unstable or the building framework to become weak, even part or all of the
building collapses. An earthquake can also cause water in a reservoir or lake to flow in different
directions or spill back and forth. The water that flows in large quantities will fill the rivers below due
to the damage to the lake or the collapse of the reservoir due to the earthquake so that it can cause
flooding. Earthquakes can also cause landslides because they can shake weak soils. In addition,
earthquakes can also cause tsunamis. Tsunami waves are caused by a powerful tectonic earthquake
on the seabed or its hypocenter under the seabed. The earthquake occurred because of the friction
of the lithospheric plates. If an earthquake on a large scale or called earthquake tectonic can kill
human life.