Introduction

in this work we will address issues related to calamities, especially floods, where we will
unpack the causes and their consequences as the first point and the present continuous in the
second part of the work. how to use, where to use. and its main rule.

What are floods?

It is known as overflow flooding or accidental accumulation of water in a normally dry

region of the territory, usually as a result of meteorological phenomena and / or imbalances in
the water level of the regions. Most are categorized as natural disasters and can have an
extremely high human and material cost.

The present continuous tense

We use the present continuous tense when we seek to express actions and events that are
occurring at the same moment of speech.

These are subjects that will be addressed in the work

Objectives.
general.
talk about floods as well as their causes and consequences.

detail about present continuous. in negative, affirmative and interrogative form.

Specific.

know what floods are, the causes, and consequences.

know when and how to use the present continuous in its three forms..
Concept the floods.
Floods in general can be understood as the result of excessive concentration of rainwater that
cannot be absorbed by already saturated soil and other forms of drainage. also, floods can be
the result of the interaction of meteorological phenomena' (sudden storms, continuous rains,)
hydrological; (soil infiltration, surface runoff, according to topography, porosity, saturation)
and humans (forms of use and occupation of the soil such as urbanization or soil sealing.

It can also be caused in a human-induced way by building dams and opening or breaking dam
gates.

The causes of floods can be:

Excessive rain. Especially when it comes to uninterrupted rains over days that quickly
exceed the absorption capacity of the soil.

 Overflow of rivers and lakes. As a result of the growth of its banks due to heavy
rains in the region or in the headwaters of the river, as well as the melting of the polar
ice caps of the mountains.
 Breaks of dams or dykes. That although they are human accidents, they usually
generate a violent and very harmful flood when overcoming the natural channel
through which the water should pass.
 Hurricanes or tsunamis. And other extreme weather events, such as storms or even
earthquakes (sometimes causing tsunamis or waterspouts), can dump massive
amounts of water onto land, either as rain or as a large wave that passes coastal
boundaries and enters the continent.

Consequences of floods
The consequences of floods vary according to their intensity and duration, but in general
terms they have to do with:

 Destruction of crops and crops. Which could have an economic or humanitarian

impact as there will be less food.
 Destruction of transport routes. And interruption of all economic activity and
logistics of a city or region.
  Destruction of houses and entire villages. Sometimes in a few moments, especially
when floods are accompanied by landslides, avalanches or other dangerous
phenomena.
 Death and injuries of varying severity. Because the forces of water can drag people
down, knock down houses and drown those who cannot swim or are at a
disadvantage.
 Increased illnesses. Not only because of the injuries caused during the flood and
urban destruction, but also because of the accumulation of water in many places,
which allows the proliferation of mosquitoes and many epidemics.
 Relief modifications. For a sudden and violent flood can change the topography of
the place where it occurred forever.

The present continuous tense

We use the present continuous tense when we seek to express actions and events that are
occurring at the same moment of speech. Therefore, it is common to use the present
continuous to describe actions that are happening now. However, one should also think about
actions that have a temporary duration, with a beginning and an end, as they may continue for
a week or months, restricting the idea of something that only happens in the now when using
the present continuous. use the present continuous for situations in which there are plans that
have already been organized, that is, future plans.

When to use the present continuous?

The present continuous is used when we want to talk about some action or situation that is
happening at the same time of speech, that is, what is happening at the moment. The
continuity of the action can also have a longer period, as the action needs to have a beginning
and an end, whether it will end today or two weeks from now makes no difference compared
to the present simple, whose actions are routine and habitual.

Thus, the present continuous is used for temporary actions as well. Thus, the duration of an
action in the present continuous is subjective, because it can be momentary, short or long|1|.
The future notion is added to the uses of the present continuous when we talk about plans that
we have already made and organized, for example, trips that already have a scheduled date,
the people who will participate in the trip, the means of transport.

A good way to identify the present continuous is to look for tense expressions that are
recurrent, among which the following stand out: now, at the moment, at present, just, already
and still.

for example:

•What are you doing now? I'm studying for our math test on Monday.

•she is going by bus because her car has broken down.

•We're traveling to Palmas next month by car with our friend

Main rules of the present continuous

When learning the use of the present continuous, some students have difficulties in relation to
the structure of this tense, because it is necessary that the sentences have the verb to be + the

main verb ending in -ing. Thus, it is common for some to forget to put the verb to be or the
verb without the -ing. Furthermore, the verb to be excludes the need to use an auxiliary verb
in negative or interrogative sentences.

Secondly, attention should be paid to the spelling of verbs ending in -ing. See the cases where
changes are necessary:
One-syllable verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant — double the last consonant
and add -ing.

• Stop – stopping

•Run – running

•Get – getting

•Dig – digging

Except with verbs ending in (-w or -x):

• Fix – fixing

•Mix – mixing

•Snow – snowing
 Verbs with two syllables if the last one is stressed — the consonant must also be doubled:

•Prefer– preferring

•Begin–beginning

→Verbs ending in (-e) — remove the ending and add -ing:

• Make– making

•Dance– dancing

•Live– living

•Write– writing

→ Verbs ending in (-ie )— replace the ending with y + -ing:

Lie– lying

•Die – dying

Finally, we cannot use the present continuous with all verbs, especially state verbs, because
these do not specifically indicate an action, but mental states, attitudes, emotions, existence,
among others.

We highlight in the following list some of the most common state verbs:

agree

hear

need

Like

Have.

The verb TO BE is used in the Simple Present as an auxiliary and the ending –ing is added to
the main verb.

She is studying English now.

Present continuous: affirmative: To watch a film:

I Am

You Is

He Is She is studying English now

She Is watching a film

It Are

We Are

You Are

they Are

Eg: She isn’t reading at moment, so you can talk to her.

The negative form of the Present Continuous is composed by adding 'not' after the simple
present tense of the verb 'to be' Subject + Present Simple of the verb to be (are/is) + not +
gerund of the main verb ing. Or The present continuous, in its negative form, has this
structure:
Subject + to be + not + [verb + -ing] +

Ex: They are not playing handball

Present continuous: negative

To watch a film

I Am Not

You Are Not

aren’t

He

She Is Not watching a film

It isn’t

You, We, They Are Not

aren’t
 The present continuous is the tense used to express situations that are happening now
(before, during and after the moment of speaking)

.When expressed in its interrogative form, it is used to form questions about something that
is happening now.

.Eg: Is it raining?

Present continuous: interrogative

To watch a film:

Am I

Are You

He

Is She watching a film?

It

We

Are You

They
conclusion

at the end of the work we conclude that flooding is overflow or accidental accumulation of
water in a region they can happen naturally when it happens without any human intervention
and anthropic resulting from the action of man. Breakage of dams or dykes. thus causing
consequences such as:

destruction of home and transport routes and death of animals and the increase of diseases.
And we also conclude that the present continuous is the tense used to express situations that
are happening now (before, during and after the moment of speaking). where we have in its
affirmative, interrogative form, and in its negative form which these all form a rule of use
which must not be broken.