Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
ECCN EAR99
This document contains information that is classified as EAR99 and, as a consequence, can neither be exported nor re-exported to any country which is under an
embargo of the U.S. government pursuant to Part 746 of the Export Administration Regulations (15 C.F.R. Parts 746) nor can be made available to any national of such
country. In addition, the information in this document cannot be exported nor re-exported to an end-user or for an end-use that is prohibited by Part 744 of the Export
Administration Regulations (15 C.F.R. Parts 744).
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
Page 2
PREFACE
DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1) Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2) Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of
a Service Agreement or otherwise).
3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)
which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person
whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs
or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Company. The
benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Company, or companies affiliated to these
companies, that may issue DEPs or advise or require the use of DEPs.
Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall
not, without the prior written consent of Shell GSI, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the
DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after
use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of Shell GSI. The
copyright of DEPs vests in Shell Group of companies. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and Shell
GSI may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement.
All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................4
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................4
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS .........4
1.3 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................4
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES .............................................................................................5
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES...............................................................................5
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP .......................................................................................5
1.7 DUAL UNITS...............................................................................................................6
2. GENERAL INFORMATION ........................................................................................7
2.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................7
2.2 SAFETY ......................................................................................................................7
2.3 PRINCIPAL ACCESS .................................................................................................7
2.4 PRE-JOB MEETING ...................................................................................................8
2.5 APPLICATORS TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE....................................................8
2.6 INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED BY THE PRINCIPAL.......................................8
2.7 INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED BY THE CONTRACTOR ................................8
3. COATING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................9
3.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................9
3.2 FINISHED COATING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS....................................................9
4. MATERIALS .............................................................................................................11
4.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................11
4.2 POWDER TESTING .................................................................................................11
5. COATING SYSTEM APPLICATION ........................................................................12
5.1 SURFACE PREPARATION ......................................................................................12
5.2 COATING APPLICATION.........................................................................................13
5.3 QUALITY CONTROL ................................................................................................14
5.4 QUALITY PLAN, INSPECTION AND TEST PLAN, MANUFACTURING PLAN ......19
6. DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................................................20
7. STORAGE AND HANDLING ...................................................................................21
8. REFERENCES .........................................................................................................22
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A APPLICATOR QUALIFICATION ....................................................................23
APPENDIX B COATING SYSTEM QUALIFICATION ...........................................................26
APPENDIX C DATASHEET...................................................................................................27
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
Page 4
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
This new DEP specifies the requirements and gives recommendations for the test
procedures for factory-applied internal Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE) powder coating of steel
pipes used for submerged water injection flowlines. It specifies the requirements for coating
materials, coating application, inspection and testing, repair, handling and storage, and
gives procedures for the qualification of coating materials and coating applicators.
This DEP supersedes DEP 31.40.30.39-DWP dated October 2006; see (1.5) regarding the
changes.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The Applicator is the party that applies coating.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
1.3.2 Specific definitions
Term Definition
Applicator The Applicator is the party that applies the coating.
Ambient Environmental conditions in the immediate area of coating application work
and upon surfaces being coated.
Batch The amount of materials produced within one uninterrupted production run
under constant production conditions.
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
Page 5
Term Definition
Chemical Treatment of the blast cleaned pipe surface with a chemical solution before
Pre- application of the primer or adhesive to improve adhesion of the first coating
Treatment layer (phosphate, chromate).
Holiday A defect penetrating through the coating to the steel pipe surface, of such
dimensions that it is detectable by means of the specified procedures.
Mil 1/1000 inch
Primer A thin film liquid coating applied prior to application of the FBE
Shift A set of pipes coated in one (1) production run of which the beginning and end
coincide with a change in personnel, not to exceed 10 hours.
Water The injection of deoxygenated, chemically treated seawater to aid recovery of
Injection (or hydrocarbon.
Waterflood)
1.3.3 Abbreviations
Term Definition
AFC Approved for Construction
AUT Automated Ultrasonic Testing
FBE Fusion Bonded Epoxy
ID Internal Diameter
ITP Inspection and Test Plan
MP Manufacturing Plan
OD Outer Diameter
PQT Pre-Qualification Trial
SCR Steel Caternary Riser
QC Quality Control
QP Quality Plan
RH Relative Humidity
TLPE Three Layer Polyethylene
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section
number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (8).
2. GENERAL INFORMATION
2.1 GENERAL
This coating is used to prevent large-scale generation of corrosion product on the internal
surface of the flowline when there is an upset in the water injection deoxygenation system.
The Contractor shall furnish at his cost, all labour, supervision, equipment, materials, and
testing necessary to complete coating work. Unless specifically stated as the Principal’s
responsibility, the requirements of this DEP shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
All surface cleaning, coating application and pipe handling shall be performed in a safe
manner and in accordance with the principles of good workmanship.
This DEP can be used for general qualification purposes or for specific projects.
General qualification is performed for the purpose of an overall qualification of the coating
system by the Applicator.
NOTE Qualification and approval may not be related to a specific project.
The Principal shall approve the Applicator to this DEP prior to production of any pipe
coating.
For specific projects the qualification is for the line pipe diameter and wall thickness as
detailed in the contract documents, AFC drawings or pipe coating datasheet.
The coating system shall consist of a primer and FBE (AkzoNobel® EP-10 primer and
Dupont® 7-0008 FBE or a Principal-approved equivalent). The coating shall be subject to
approval by the Principal.
NOTE The Principal shall determine that the coating system is suitable for the temperature class, based on
the maximum operating temperature or design temperature of the pipeline.
The suitability of the coating system has been demonstrated by performing qualification
tests given in this DEP. If required, additional testing should be performed at temperatures
specified by the Principal.
2.2 SAFETY
This DEP may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations, and equipment, and
does not purport to address all of the potential safety concerns associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the Applicator to establish appropriate safety and health requirements,
and determine any regulatory requirements or limitations prior to use.
Safety concerns regarding personnel and the environment shall be identified and included
in the detailed coating procedure, and pre-job discussions. All surface preparation and
coating application systems shall undergo a complete safety inspection and checkout prior
to use.
Adequate exhaust/ventilation equipment shall be used, as required, for removal of over-
spray and other spray by-products to acceptable air quality standards, and to provide for
operator personal protection.
Industry standards recommended safe practices shall be followed. Waste material shall be
handled and disposed of properly. Protective equipment requirements on the
Manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheet(s) shall be followed.
Coating work pieces shall be electrically grounded, as required, to eliminate static charges
associated with surface preparation and coating operations.
The Principal Representative has the right to reject any and all work or equipment that in
his/her opinion does not conform to these requirements. Any work that in the opinion of the
Principal Representative does not comply with these requirements shall be rectified at the
Contractor’s expense.
The Principal Representative has the right to request quality control tests at any time in
addition to those completed at a determined frequency.
The personnel present at the meeting shall include, but not be limited to, the Principal
Representative, Applicator’s Technical Representative, Applicator’s Coating Supervisor,
Principal Safety Representative, Applicator’s Quality Control (QC) Representative, and
Manufacturer’s Technical Representative (as required).
3.1 GENERAL
The coating system deemed suitable for the pipeline installation and operating conditions is
specified by the Principal in (2.1) and (2.2).
Prior to beginning any production run, the Contractor or the Applicator shall demonstrate
that the final coating system will fulfil the finished coating system requirements (3.2) and
application qualification requirements in accordance with (Appendix A), (Appendix B) if
necessary, and (5.3). Any modification of the application shall require re-qualification.
The Contractor or the Applicator shall demonstrate by effective quality control procedures in
accordance with (5.3) that the coating system, as applied during normal production, fulfils
the requirements of this DEP.
4. MATERIALS
4.1 GENERAL
The Applicator shall obtain from the Manufacturer, copies of their most recent technical
data sheets describing the product, its general performance, and application requirements.
The Applicator shall obtain from the Manufacturer, certification for each batch or lot of
powder used to coat the Principal line pipe. A batch will be defined by the Manufacturer, but
shall not exceed the quantity of powder produced by the Manufacturer in an eight-hour
period from one production line.
The certification shall include:
• Product name, designation and batch number;
• Product quality control test results in accordance with (4.2).
A statement from the Manufacturer that no changes have been made in the formulation,
raw materials, or manufacturing procedure since the product was last tested and/or
approved by the Principal. When advised of any such changes, the Principal shall promptly
review and/or test the product for re-approval.
Coating materials acceptable for use shall be:
a) In Manufacturer original, unopened containers;
b) Stored in a dry, clean location, controlled at or below the Manufacturer
recommended maximum temperature;
c) Clearly marked with the batch number and date of manufacture;
d) Applied six months or less from the date of manufacture.
The ambient Relative Humidity (RH) shall be monitored and recorded. Below 85% RH, up
to four hours may be allowed after blasting and prior to coating. Above 85% RH, one hour
is allowed. Pipe that exceeds these limits shall be re-blasted. Any pipe with visible rusting,
or which has not been coated within the specified time above, shall be re-blasted.
5.1.5 Contamination
Blast cleaning residue, loose dust and dirt shall be removed from the pipe surface by
means of clean dry compressed air or vacuum cleaning prior to coating application. The
dust level on the blast-cleaned surface shall be of class 1 when evaluated in accordance
with ISO 8502-3.
The maximum residual chloride level on the blast-cleaned surface shall be 1.5 µg/cm2 when
evaluated by the use of an Elcometer® SCM 400 or Principal-approved equivalent.
Pipe shall be handled in such a way as to prevent contamination.
5.1.6 Pipe damage
Pipe that has damaged bevels or dents shall be set aside for inspection by the Principal
Representative, and the Principal Representative will advise the Applicator of the
disposition of damaged pipe.
The internal coating shall be fully cured within 2 hours of the application.
NOTE During the development of this coating system, it has been found that the internal coating system
should be fully cured prior to any heating for an external FBE application, i.e., cured immediately
following application and allowed to cool to ambient temperature prior to heating for the external
coating.
Alternatively holiday detection shall be carried out using a high voltage detector with an
internal conductive rubber electrode. The inspection voltage shall be 5 V/mm (125 V/mil).
The Contractor shall request approval from the Principal for holiday detection method.
Excessive holidays shall require the Applicator to review the application process.
Excessive holidays are defined as more than five (5) per pipe joint.
The earth connection shall be made directly on the pipe.
The test voltage shall be checked at least once per shift by means of a special voltage
meter.
When the holiday test is carried out the internal pipe surface shall be free of moisture.
The electrode shall be moved over the pipe surface at a speed of not more than 0.3 m/s
(1 ft/s). The entire pipe surface shall be covered by the test.
5.3.10 Destructive testing
At predetermined intervals, one pipe shall be selected for destructive testing of the coating.
A sample length of approximately 0.5 m (18 in) shall be cut from one end of this pipe and
subjected to the tests indicated in (5.3.16; Table 6).
The tests shall commence as soon as possible after coating to allow readjustment of the
coating process if required.
After cutting of the test sample, the remaining pipe shall be marked with the remaining
length and the coating cutback reinstated in accordance with (5.2). The pipe end bevel shall
be re-machined to the original pipe specification.
Alternatively a test ring may be attached to a dedicated host joint, subject to Principal
approval.
5.3.11 Degree of cure of FBE
The degree of cure shall be determined by differential scanning calorimetry in accordance
with ISO 21809-2 Section A.8.4. The ∆Tg value shall be between +3°C (37°F) and -1.5°C
(29°F).
5.3.12 Flexibility
Flexibility shall be determined in accordance with ISO 21809-2, Section A.12. The test
straps shall be cooled to 0°C (32°F) by immersing in an ice/water bath for a minimum of
30 minutes. Final examination of the test straps shall take place 24 hours following the
bending. The requirements are stated in (3.2.8).
NOTE As the strap will be ID coated there will be stress risers at the edge of the strap. These edges shall be
machined down so that they are level with the centre of strap, but still maintain around 90% of the
coating width at that point (Appendix A, Figure A1.2)
6. DOCUMENTATION
The Contractor shall keep accurate records of all relevant data of the coating process.
This documentation shall, as a minimum, consist of:
a) Copies of the coating system information as specified in (2);
b) Copies of qualification information as requested in (Appendix A) and (Appendix B)
if necessary;
c) Copies of, or reference to, all procedures for coating of the pipes;
d) Serial numbers of all pipes as given by the Pipe Manufacturer (e.g., by copies of the
pipe mill data sheets);
e) Serial numbers as given by the Coating Applicator (if applicable) correlated with the
Manufacturer's serial numbers;
f) The order of coating, the day and shift of coating of each pipe;
g) The batch numbers of the coating materials, the day and time of loading of each
batch;
h) Serial numbers of rejected pipes and the reason for rejection;
i) The results of all quality control testing in accordance with (5.3);
j) Records of temperatures during the coating process for each pipe, with the
processing time of every tenth pipe marked on the temperature chart with the pipe
number;
k) Names and signatures of the responsible persons for the coating process and quality
control.
This documentation shall be submitted to the Principal after completion of the coating work,
together with the testing and inspection instruments’ calibration certificates.
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
Page 21
8. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.
SHELL STANDARDS
External polyethylene and polypropylene coating for line pipe DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.
(amendments/supplements to ISO/DIS 21809-1:2009)
External fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating for line pipe DEP 31.40.30.32-Gen.
(amendments/supplements to ISO 21809-2:2007)
AMERICAN STANDARDS
Standard Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed ASTM D4285
Air
Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water ASTM D1141
Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using ASTM 4541
Portable Adhesion Testers
Application, Performance, and Quality Control of Plant-Applied, NACE RP0394-2002
Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipe Coating - Item No. 21064
Near White Metal Blast Cleaning SSPC-SP10 (NACE No. 2)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints and ISO 8501-1
Related Products - Visual Assessment of Surface Cleanliness -
Part 1: Rust Grades and Preparation Grades of Uncoated Steel
Substrates and of Steel Subtrates after Overall Removal of
Previous Coatings
Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paint and ISO 8502-3
Related Products - Tests for the Assessment of Surface
Cleanliness - Part 3: Assessment of Dust on Steel Surfaces
Prepared for Painting (Pressure-Sensitive Tape Method)
(ISO 8502-3:1992)
Preparation of Steel Substrates Before Application of Paints and ISO 8503-2
Related Products - Surface Roughness Characteristics of Blast -
Cleaned Steel Substrates Part 2: Method for the Grading of
Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast-Cleaned Steel - Comparator
Procedure-AMD 8661: December 15, 1995
Replica Tape Method for the Determination of the Surface ISO 8503-5
Profile
Quality Management Systems - Requirements ISO 9001
Quality Management Systems – Model for Quality Assurance in ISO 9002
for Quality Assurance in Production, Installation and Servicing
Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - External Coatings for ISO 21809-2
Buried or Submerged Pipelines Used in Pipeline Transportation
Systems - Part 2: Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coatings
Quality Management Systems – Guidelines for Quality Plans ISO 10005
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
Page 23
A1.1 GENERAL
Before production application of a coating system may commence, the Applicator shall be
qualified to apply the coating system. Applicator qualification shall take place on the
production equipment with an approved coating. The qualification shall be carried out
according to the following procedures:
A1.4 QUALIFICATION
After approval of the process and plant details (A1.2), (A1.3) and before production starts,
the Applicator shall submit evidence that he has successfully applied the coating system
before on pipes of the specified material, and that the product complied with the
requirements of this DEP for the tests indicated in (5.3.16).
The Applicator shall coat at least two (2) pipes with the coating system and shall subject
samples from these pipes to the tests given in (5.3.16). The quality control tests may be
carried out in the Applicator's own laboratory, or by an independent laboratory. The
Principal shall witness the application and the tests. The results of the tests shall be
reported to the Principal, signed by the head of the laboratory and the witness.
Additional testing, given in (A1.5), shall be carried out by the Principal.
When this DEP is used for the coating of bends and/or fittings, the Applicator shall coat at
least one fitting or bend as agreed with the Principal and subject this coating to the same
qualification tests.
Autoclave Test Triplicate samples from both qualification pipes shall be placed in an
autoclave and fully immersed in synthetic seawater (ASTM D1141)
with a headspace containing methane gas with 5% CO2. The
temperature shall be 65.5°C (150°F), pressure 62.05 MPa (9,000 psi),
and the test duration shall be 7 days. The sample dimensions shall be
25 mm wide x minimum 127 mm long (1 in wide x minimum of 5 in
long). Release of pressure at the end of the test shall be completed in
less than 30 minutes and as quickly as safely possible.
Samples shall not exhibit blistering or cracking when removed from
the autoclave and over a 24-hour period following removal at the end
of the test.
Adhesion after Triplicate samples from both qualification pipes shall be immersed in
Long Water synthetic seawater (ASTM D1141) at 65.5°C (150°F) for 2 and 4
Soak weeks. Following removal the adhesion is evaluated in accordance
with (3.2.6). Sample dimensions are a minimum of 100 mm x 100 mm
(4 in x 4 in).
Adhesion values shall be greater than 17.2 MPa (2500 psi) or at least
75% of their original adhesion values (before immersion).
B1.1 GENERAL
The Contractor shall seek Principal approval for the use of any coating system not already
qualified to this DEP. The Contractor shall supply all relevant datasheets and written
confirmation that the Manufacturer recommends the coating system for the intended
service.
The Contractor/Applicator shall apply the coating system to the internal surface of two (2)
pipes to demonstrate that the coating system meets the requirements of the coating. See
(3). Testing of the proposed coating shall be carried out by the Principal in accordance with
(A1.5).
If the proposed coating is accepted for use the Contractor/Applicator shall be required to
qualify the application in accordance with (Appendix A). If the proposed coating is not
accepted for use, the Contractor Application shall be required to qualify the application of
an approved coating system in accordance with (Appendix A).
NOTE Application of a coating for coating qualification may be completed using pilot equipment rather than
the equipment that would be used during production. Applicator qualification shall take place on the
production equipment with an approved coating. Unless stated by the Principal, a coating qualification
and applicator qualification shall not take place using the same pipe.
ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
February 2012
Page 27
APPENDIX C DATASHEET
PROJECT: SPECIFICATION:
Internal Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Powder Coating for Water
Injection Line Pipe DEP 31.40.30.39-Gen.
GENERAL SCHEDULE
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
{ AS SPECIFIED (Total coating thickness 7-11 mils)
{ OTHER
______________________________________________ { QUALIFICATION REQUIRED
______________________________________________ { OTHER
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
COATING CUTBACK
ADDITIONAL SERVICES
______________________+/-______________________
External FBE (DEP 31.40.30.32-Gen.)
{ NOT REQUIRED
{ REQUIRED
COLOR CODING
______________________________________________
______________________________________________ External TLPE (DEP 31.40.30.31-Gen.)
______________________________________________ { NOT REQUIRED
______________________________________________
{ REQUIRED