 fluid  fluid

SG  
 
H 2O @ 4oC H 2O @ 4oC

dp
Ev  
d / 

Ev
c

 4 cos 
h
d

1 mm 4  0.025 1
 (Page 62)
1000 0.82  9810  d
Units and Scales of Pressure
Measurement
Gage pressure
Absolute pressure
Standard atmospheric pressure

Local atmospheric pressure

1 atmosphere
101.325 kPa Suction vacuum
14.7 psi (gage pressure)
Local
10.34 m H20
barometer
760 mm Hg
reading

Absolute zero (complete vacuum)

6894.76 Pa/psi

pabs  p gage  patm Absolute pressures are often indicated as psia, and
gage pressure as psig.
Fluid Statics
•Pressure vs. elevation
•Manometers
•Force over submerged plane and
curved surfaces
•Buoyancy
Fluid Statics
•Pressure vs. elevation
•Manometers
•Force over submerged plane and
curved surfaces
•Buoyancy

(z=0 at water surface and z is negative below surface)

(for gas)
For curved surface, separate the pressure force into horizontal and vertical part. The
horizontal part becomes plane surface and the vertical force becomes weight.

Fh  FR  F2 on the vertical projection, Fv  weight of fluid above  W  F1

Fbuoyancy = g fluid " submerged

If an object is submerged in several different fluids, must calculate the
buoyancy in each of them, then add together. When using buoyancy in
problems, FBD is often needed.
 1 33
z*  12  0.5 (page 63)
3
3  1
2