SCIENTIFIC PAPER

CLIMATE CHANGING
Created for fulfill the task
Subject: Speaking For Group Activities
Lecturer: Imelda M. Simorangkir, S.S., M.Hum.

Creators:

1. Anggita Sibarani : 201912500693

2. Nandang Tri Adisetiawan : 201912500616
3. Regita Dwi Cahyani : 201912500619
4. Trivena Amelia Umboh : 201912500622

English Education
Faculty of Language dan Art
Indraprasata PGRI University
 2021

PREFACE

In the name of Allah SWT, the Gracious, the merciful. Alhamdulillah rise to
Allah SWT for bless and finally the author can finished this paper as well. This
paper is a research for completing Speaking FGA project with Climate Changing
chapter. The author realized that this paper far from perfect in the arrangement or
in the content of the paper. The writer hopes that the suggestions from the reader
can be a support to make her better in the next paper project. Over all, the author
consciously that this paper is far away from good thing and perfect one, so we are
accepting all of suggest and critics for more paper in the future. The last but not
least, the author thanked for all participant which join and help us in this project,
we hope this is can be useful and beneficial.

Jakarta, Januari 2021

The Author

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 Table of Contents
PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................ii
CHAPTER I....................................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Abstract.......................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Formulation The Problem............................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II...................................................................................................................................................5
DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 What is Climate Change?................................................................................................................5
2.2 What’s The Difference Between Weather and Climate?..............................................................6
2.3 What Weather Means......................................................................................................................6
2.4 How Do We Know the Climate Is Changing?...............................................................................7
2.5 Why is Earth Getting Warmer?.....................................................................................................7
2.6 Why Does It Matter That Earth’s Climate is Changing?.............................................................7
2.7 Effects of Climate Change...............................................................................................................7
2.8 The Dangers of Climate Change.....................................................................................................8
2.9 Long Term Effects of Climate Change...........................................................................................8
3.0 Why Is It Important To Fight Climate Changing.........................................................................8
3.1 Solutions To Climate Change.........................................................................................................8
CHAPTER III................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................10

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Abstract

Climate change or climate change is a symptom of an increase in the

earth's surface temperature due to an increase in the intensity of the
greenhouse effect which then causes global warming. For some people,
maybe they already know what climate change is. This increase in air
temperature is triggered by the higher levels of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in
the atmosphere, including by CO2 which is produced a lot from human
activities such as burning fossil fuels (eg: oil, gas, coal) which are widely
used for industry, transportation, household, generator, etc.
Metropolitan cities tend to have infrastructure improvements that have
an impact on land subsidence, usually in developed countries that have
skyscrapers. Land subsidence is also followed by rising sea levels which
make urban communities vulnerable to floods or tidal water.
The main issues discussed in the eyes of the International are
environmental issues, including global warming, destruction of forests and
endangered species, and the development of environmentally friendly
industries (Source: UNFCC (United Nation Framework Convention on
Climate Change))

1.2 Formulation The Problem

1. What is the meaning of climate change?
2. Why is climate change happening?
3. What impact will climate change have?
4. How to deal with climate change that is happening now?

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 What is Climate Change?

Climate change describes a change in the average conditions — such as

temperature and rainfall — in a region over a long period of time. NASA
scientists have observed Earth’s surface is warming, and many of the warmest
years on record have happened in the past 20 years.

Weather vs Climate

Weather describes the conditions outside right now in a specific place. For

example, if you see that it’s raining outside right now, that’s a way to describe
today’s weather. Rain, snow, wind, hurricanes, tornadoes — these are all
weather events.

Climate, on the other hand, is more than just one or two rainy days. Climate
describes the weather conditions that are expected in a region at a particular
time of year.

Is it usually rainy or usually dry? Is it typically hot or typically cold? A

region’s climate is determined by observing its weather over a period of many
years—generally 30 years or more.

So, for example, one or two weeks of rainy weather wouldn’t change the fact
that Phoenix typically has a dry, desert climate. Even though it’s rainy right
now, we still expect Phoenix to be dry because that's what is usually the case.

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2.2 What’s The Difference Between Weather and Climate?

The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time. Weather is

what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time, and climate
is how the atmosphere "behaves" over relatively long periods of time.
When we talk about climate change, we talk about changes in long-term
averages of daily weather. Today, children always hear stories from their
parents and grandparents about how snow was always piled up to their waists
as they trudged off to school. Children today in most areas of the country
haven't experienced those kinds of dreadful snow-packed winters, except for
the Northeastern U.S. in January 2005. The change in recent winter snows
indicate that the climate has changed since their parents were young.
If summers seem hotter lately, then the recent climate may have changed. In
various parts of the world, some people have even noticed that springtime
comes earlier now than it did 30 years ago. An earlier springtime is indicative
of a possible change in the climate.
In addition to long-term climate change, there are shorter term climate
variations. This so-called climate variability can be represented by periodic or
intermittent changes related to El Niño, La Niña, volcanic eruptions, or other
changes in the Earth system.

2.3 What Weather Means

Weather is basically the way the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with

respect to its effects upon life and human activities. The difference between
weather and climate is that weather consists of the short-term (minutes to
months) changes in the atmosphere. Most people think of weather in terms of
temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, brightness, visibility, wind,
and atmospheric pressure, as in high and low pressure.
In most places, weather can change from minute-to-minute, hour-to-hour,
day-to-day, and season-to-season. Climate, however, is the average of weather
over time and space. An easy way to remember the difference is that climate is
what you expect, like a very hot summer, and weather is what you get, like a
hot day with pop-up thunderstorms.
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2.4 How Do We Know the Climate Is Changing?

Scientists have been observing Earth for a long time. They use NASA
satellites and other instruments to collect many types of information about
Earth's land, atmosphere, ocean and ice. This information tells us that Earth's
climate is getting warmer.

2.5 Why is Earth Getting Warmer?

Extra greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are the main reason that Earth is
getting warmer. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane,
trap the Sun's heat in Earth's atmosphere. It's normal for there to be some
greenhouse gases in our atmosphere.

They help keep Earth warm enough to live on. But too many greenhouse
gases can cause too much warming. The burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil
increase the amount of CO2 in our air. This happens because the burning
process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2.

2.6 Why Does It Matter That Earth’s Climate is Changing?

Over millions of years, Earth's climate has warmed up and cooled down
many times. However, today the planet is warming much faster than it has over
human history.

Global air temperatures near Earth's surface have gone up about 2 degrees
Fahrenheit in the last century. In fact, the past five years have been the warmest
five years in centuries.

One-and-a-half degrees may not seem like much. However, this change can
have big impacts on the health of Earth's plants and animals.

2.7 Effects of Climate Change

Increased heat, drought and insect outbreaks, all linked to climate change,
have increased wildfires. Declining water supplies, reduced agricultural yields,

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 health impacts in cities due to heat, and flooding and erosion in coastal areas
are additional concerns.
Climate change does not have the same effects everywhere. The planet is
generally getting hotter, but some regions and seasons can at times be
temporarily cooler. Some places will see drawn-out seasons, while others may
experience concentrated bursts of extreme weather.
Extreme weather events - such as hurricanes, heatwaves, drought, wildfires
and floods - are predicted to become more intense and frequent.
'Pretty much any weather event is influenced by climate change. As
scientists we can estimate how much climate change has made a certain event
more likely or more intense than it would have been without climate change,'
explains Joeri.
When the world warms, ice melts. Arctic sea ice could disappear entirely in
a warming world, and Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets could be
destabilised. This would result in large sections melting, which would add
more liquid to the ocean.

2.8 The Dangers of Climate Change

More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels,
melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the
places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. As
climate change worsens, dangerous weather events are becoming more
frequent or severe.

2.9 Long Term Effects of Climate Change

Scientists have predicted that long-term effects of climate change will

include a decrease in sea ice and an increase in permafrost thawing, an increase
in heat waves and heavy precipitation, and decreased water resources in semi-
arid regions.

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3.0 The Effecs Of Climate Change On Us
How climate change will affect you depends on who you are and where you
live.
Around 190 million people currently live in areas that, due to rising sea levels,
are expected to be under high tide levels by 2100. This could cause a massive
displacement of populations. Low lying atoll nations such as Tuvalu and the
Maldives are incredibly vulnerable to this change and could be lost to the sea.
Hundreds of millions of people rely on seafood as their main source of protein.
Warming and more acidic waters could destroy marine food chains by
affecting their base, such as krill or coral reefs.
Longer-lasting drought could devastate crops, threating food security.
Reservoirs drying up, as well as the loss of glaciers, could make drinking water
scarce.
Increased precipitation can cause deadly flooding, as well as lowering indoor
air quality. This could affect our health as dampness benefits moulds and fungi.
Around four billion people live in urban areas, and by 2050 this will have risen
to an estimated 6.7 billion.
City dwellers are not exempt from climate change's effects. Urban populations
usually rely on rural areas for inputs such as food and water. If climate change
disrupts these important connections, it could heavily affect those in urban
areas.
Natural disasters impact poor and vulnerable populations disproportionately
hard and clearly expose the consequences of ignoring social inequalities. With
extreme weather increasing, these populations face a heightened level of risk.
For example, the urban heat island effect amplifies the effects of temperature
extremes in cities. Those unable to afford to buy and run air conditioning may
find their health compromised.
Joeri says, 'We don't know what will happen when, exactly. It's really hard to
anticipate, particularly for populations that are already on the edge every year.'

3.1 Why Is It Important To Fight Climate Changing

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 Because we all deserve to breathe clean air. With anthropogenic climate
change driven by human-caused emissions to the atmosphere, it stands to
reason that we face compromised air quality. This affects human health,
especially children. Air pollution can lead to asthma, heart and lung disease.
3.2 Solutions To Climate Change

Given that climate change has a huge impact on human life and the earth, we
must come up with a solution to overcome it. There are several solutions that
we can do, including:
a. Make improvements from the forestry sector. Such as carrying out
reforestation, instilling the principle of selective cutting and cutting
cropping in the next generation, as well as those who have direct contact
with the forest.
b. Provide and develop environmentally friendly alternative energy. Such
as replacing vehicle fuel with bio materials such as from grains or
rapeseed oil. We also flow to save fuel by turning off the vehicle's
engine if it stops for more than 2 minutes. In addition, we can also
replace the lights at home, in offices and other places with energy-
efficient lamps, and turn off the lights at night.
c. Meat production requires large quantities of water, grain, land and others
including hormones and antibiotics, and causes soil, air and water
pollution. To produce a pound of beef requires about 12,000 gallons of
water, compared to 60 gallons for a pound of potatoes. If you are a meat
eater, for starters, try not eating meat once a week. Being vegetarian or
vegan is a very meaningful choice for the environment.
d. The treatment of waste is by recycling it. Burning garbage is tantamount
to moving the garbage into the air.

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 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

Climate change is the occurrence of changes in atmospheric conditions, such

as temperature, weather which causes an uncertain condition. Climate change
can also be said as a condition where the temperature on earth experiences an
increase and a shift in seasons. Human activity is the main cause of climate
change.
There are many events that can cause climate change. These causes are:
1. Forestry
From year to year, the forest area decreases.
2. Utilization of Fossil Fuel Energy
The use of fossil energy, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas in
various activities will trigger an increase in GHG emissions in the
atmosphere.
3. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
The livestock sector plays a role in emitting GHG, this is because
rotting livestock manure will release methane gas into the atmosphere.
The agricultural sector is also against increasing GHG emissions,
especially methane gas (CH4) produced from inundated rice fields.
4. Garbage
It is estimated that 1 ton of solid waste produces about 50 kg of
methane gas.

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