In present days, learned citizen who have gathered experience in social safety, welfare,

education economic development need to play the role of ‘Rishi sabha’. General public
wishes progress of all constituents of the society towards the desired goals. They should not
be subjected to injustice, good citizen be protected from evil elements. Evil elements be
controlled and punished.

Rigved 9.5.9 describes the eligibility criteria of the ruler (now the government).

इन्द रिन्द्रो
ु॒ वृषा हरि: पवमानः प्रजापत ः ॥Rig 9.5.9॥
Indurindro vṛuṣha hariḥ pavamānaḥ prajāpatiḥ ||

Connotation: Person (government) engaged in rearing, bringing-up, and taking care of

people should possess strength (वृषा), affluent and strong to destroy enemy (इन्द्र:), remove
agonies and pains of people (हरि:), be pious himself and make the people pious (पवमानः ),
provide peace and happiness to the people (इन्द )ु॒ and be the rearer and preserver, making
them fearless and joyful (प्रजापत ः ).

Governence in present times

Governance and it’s effect on the society is of prime importance. The government cannot
bring the effects in society and the nation. It needs administration, bureaucracy to help the
policies to become a reality.
An administration through its policies and control effects the development of society. Socio-
economic progress is hugely dependant on such policies. Social aspects include safety, education,
food, shelter, clothing, religions, superstitions, urbanisation, entertainment, women empowerment,
morality, dependence, occupations and many more topics. Economic parameters include antyoday,
upliftment of deprived section of society, decentralized manufacturing industry and trade policy,
financial administration, tax policy, labour policy, and consumer protection. The core purpose the
policies would be to establish equality, justice and prosperity through participation, decentralisation,
accountability, and transparency. Arthashastra was conceived to provide the norms for an efficient
and well-functioning government (Shasan शासन) through bureaucracy .