Design and fabrication of portable

groundnut shell extraction machine

Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2311, 050004 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0034376
Published Online: 07 December 2020

Sai Maheswaran Baskaran, B. Thanga Prasanna, R. Thiru Murugan, P. Balamurugan, and J. Sarathkumar Sebastin

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2311, 050004 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0034376 2311, 050004

© 2020 Author(s).
 Design and Fabrication of Portable Groundnut Shell
Extraction Machine
Sai Maheswaran Baskaran1,a), %Thanga Prasanna1,b), 5ThiruMurugan1,c)
3Balamurugan1, d), -Sarathkumar Sebastin2,e)
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
2
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
a)
Corresponding Author: saimaheswaran1931999@gmail.com
b)
thangaprasanna143@gmail.com
c)
9916009210@klu.ac.in
d)
p.balamurugan@klu.ac.in
e)
sarathkumar.j@klu.ac.in

Abstract. Peanuts are prevalent food item used in oil and chocolate manufacturing industries, but we have to extract the
peanut from the groundnut, since it cannot be used in the cultivated form. For the extraction of the peanut from shell, in
industries the groundnut shell extraction machine used which are very big in sizes and not affordable for the small-scale
farmer, to make the machine cheaper and portable in size for the benefit of small and medium scale farmers. The
fabricated portable groundnut shell extraction machine will be beneficial for the farmers and for small-scale industries.
The groundnut shell extraction capacity of the fabricated portable groundnut shell extraction machine is 49.95 kg/hr.

Keywords: peanut, shell extraction capacity, moisture content, machine capacity, speed ratio, portable.

INTRODUCTION
The Peanut is nothing but extraction of shell from the groundnut. The groundnut is grown in black soil region. In
India, the cultivation of the groundnut is 7.5 million hectares put it annually and 6 million tons of groundnuts are
producing. Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka these are the 4 states to concentrate the 70% of area
and 75% of production in India to produce groundnuts. The small-scale farmers are mostly cultivating the
groundnuts in India. In the chocolate or groundnut oil industries groundnut shell extraction process is very hard and
the groundnut shell extraction machine is very big in size and high cost. The small-scale farmers are directly selling
their groundnut; the market price is very less but extraction of shell from groundnut product to get the peanut, the
market value of a peanut is very high. So, those small-scale farmers cannot be affordable to buy the industrial
groundnut Sheller machine that’s the reason designing and fabricated the portable groundnut shell extraction
machine (PGSEM) with the simple mechanism and affordable cost to the small-scale farmers. Examples of
groundnut related experimental studies are, different moisture content taken and different impeller position in the
centrifugal cracker to evaluate the crack ability and performance of the machine, F.A.Oluwole, A.T.Abdulrahim,
[1]. Designing and fabrication of Groundnut Sheller machine, calculate the efficiency and performance of the
machine, Hashish S. Agitate, Dr.C.C.Handa, [2]. Roasted cashew nuts cracking is done by the mechanical cashew
nut cracking machine without any damage of cracking the cashew kernel (or) inside portion in effective manner, S.J.
Ojolo, B.S. Ogunsina, [3]. Before going to the shell extraction process, concentrated on moisture content presence in
the groundnut, the normal harvest groundnut moisture content is 4-5% (d.b.) is unsuitable for shell extraction
process and storage the groundnut because of room temperature is leads to possibility of leakage of fatty acids
content present in the peanut that affects the peanut taste and the quality, for that reason can increase moisture
content in the groundnut. In our study all farmers are uneducated to how can increase the moisture content in the

3rd International Conference on Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering (FAME 2020)
AIP Conf. Proc. 2311, 050004-1–050004-6; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0034376
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-4049-4/$30.00

050004-1
groundnut properly so that calculated the ratio of 1:0.5 (that means 1kg of the groundnut needs 500 ml of water)
with setting time of 2hours in room temperature(24oC) to increase moisture content properly and the ratio result that
10 % of moisture content present in the groundnut and suitable range of moisture content to store the groundnut is
8-14 % but changing the ratio proportion of water can increase (or) decrease the moisture content above mention
range in the groundnut. The sample A contains 3.33 kg of the groundnut with 10% (d.b.) of moisture content only
one sample is prepared for testing and the readings can take to evaluate the shell extraction capacity, shell extraction
time. In the present study, the design and fabrication of Portable Groundnut shell Extraction Machine (PGSEM) is
carried out with the objective to avoid crushing of the peanut into small pieces.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The groundnut shell extraction process is very hard in earlier days to do in traditional method to Extraction of
shell in naked hand itself by workers, it takes more time to do less quantity of work. In later days they invented the
shell extraction machine but in large size, it can be used only by big oil industries (or) chocolate factories because
need more space to setup the groundnut shell extraction machine and cost of the machine is high. The maintenance
cost is also high by changing of belts, sieve in industrial groundnut shell extraction machine and skill is needed to
operate the industrial groundnut shell extraction machine. The main problem is cultivation of the groundnut is
mostly by small-scale farmers, they won’t get the profit because of shelling the groundnut without extraction of shell
the market value is very low when compare to shell extracted groundnut.

METHODOLOGYå

An experimental/fabrication methodology is adopted in this paper. To fabricate the groundnut shell extraction
machine in portable in size with the simple mechanism and there is no need of special skill and knowledge to
operate and repairing. In the cost wise, fabricated the portable groundnut shell extraction machine (PGSEM) is
affordable to the small-scale farmers and small-scale industries to buy. The maintenance cost is very low.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PGSEM

The portable groundnut shell extraction machine (PGSEM) using the simple V-belt drive mechanism shown in
(Fig 1). The working principle is to create the shear force to extract the peanut from the groundnut. The working of
PGSEM is a motor having the power of 1.5 horse powers with 1440 rpm is to transmitting the power to the main
shaft by helping of B-section, V-belt and the speed reduction is happen from the motor to the main shaft by choosing
of pulley diameter (motor pulley 2.5 inch diameter, main shaft pulley 18 inch diameter), the main shaft
rotates at 200 rpm (refer Appendix A (1.)). The hand crusher is mounted on the main shaft and the sieve mounted on
the below 12 inch distance from the main shaft, whenever feed the groundnut from the hopper goes to the sieve and
the groundnut is fall in-between hand crusher and sieve to create the shear force to extracted the peanut from the
groundnut.

(a) (b)

050004-2
 (c) (d)

FIGURE 1. (a) Design of PGSEM, (b) Front View of Fabricated PGSEM, (c) Side View of Fabricated PGSEM,

(d) Back Side View of Fabricated PGSEM.

TESTING

In testing, we prepared only one sample of 3.33 kg of groundnuts and the shell extraction time of 4 minutes
noted from the observation by using the stopwatch. Testing calculation (refer Appendix A (2.)).

FIGURE 2. Shell Extracted Groundnuts.

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONġ

The power transmission mechanism is chosen as Pulley with V-belt driven mechanism, since it is simple and at
cheaper cost as well as the speed reduction ratio is higher 1:7.2. Another reason to choose the belt mechanism is
that. The even uneducated person can handle the maintenance. The pulley diameters are chosen as 2.5 inches and 18
inches to get the desired speed reduction in power transmission from 1440 rpm to 200 rpm. The 200 rpm speed
reduction in power transmission is it does break only the shell and does not crush inside peanut. The torque of hand
rotation is 53.4068268 N-m. The machine fabricated in the cost was 20,000 Rupees. The machine was fabricated in
the portable in size. The maximum machine capacity is 46.04 kg and the maximum shell extraction capacity of the
portable groundnut shell extraction machine is 49.95 kg/hr.

CONCLUSION

The Groundnut shell Extraction machine was fabricated in the portable in size is Breath (23.23 inches) × Length
(29.5 inches) × Height (57 inches) and affordable cost to the small-scale industries and small-scale farmers. The
portable groundnut shell extraction capacity is 49.95 kg/hr.

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 REFERENCES

1. F.A. Oluwole, A.T. Abdulrahim, K. Olalere, Int. Agro physics, 21, 179-184 (2007).
2. Hashish S. Agitate, Dr.C.C.Handa, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, 1,
7 (2014).
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(2007).
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157 (2010).
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APPENDIX A

1. Design Calculation

i) To calculate speed and torque

Power=1.5 HP=1118.55watts
D1 (driver pulley) =63.5mm
D2 (driven pulley) =457.2mm
N1 (driver speed) =1440rpm
To find
a) N2 (driven speed) =?
b) Torque=?
a) N2 (driven speed)
Formula

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N1÷ N2 = D2 ÷D1
1440 ÷N2= 457.2÷63.5
1440÷N2=7.2
N2=1440÷7.2
N2= 200rpm.
b) Torque
Formula
P = 2×π× N× T ÷ 60
1118.55= (2×π×200×T) ÷60
T= (1118.55×60) ÷ (1256.6371)
T=53.4068268 N-m, T=53406.8268 N-mm.
ii) To calculate volume and capacity of machine
To find
a) Volume=?
b) Capacity=?
a) Volume
Radius(r) =0.3048m.
Height (h) =0.508m
Formula
V=1/2×π×r2×h
V=0.5 ×π × (0.3048)2×0.508
V=0.074133331 m3.
b) Capacity
Density of groundnut=621 kg/m3
Formula
Density=mass/ Total volume
Density of groundnut=621 kg/m3
621=mass/0.074133331
Mass=46.04 kg.
Capacity of machine in (kg) = 46.04 kg.
2. Testing Calculation
Input given to machine =3.33 kg of Groundnuts
Total Time taken for shell extraction = 4 minutes
Process to complete given input
To calculate the Shell Extraction Capacity for 1 hour
Shell Extraction time taken for 1 kg = Total Time taken/ Input given
= 4/3.33
= 1.2012 minutes

Shell Extraction capacity for 1 minute = Input given / Total Time taken
=3.33/4

050004-5
= 0.8325 kg
Shell Extraction capacity for 1 hour = 60×shell extraction capacity for 1 minute
=60× 0.8325
=49.95kg.
Shell Extraction capacity of PGSEM = 49.95kg/hr.

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