QURTABA UNIVERSITY

Submitted By :SHOAIB ULLAH

Submitted To : MAM SALMA ALI KHAN
Program : Bs English
PAPER : ROMANTIC AND
VICTORIAN POETRY
ID : 13607
EXAM : mid term
Semester :5 th
Question No # 1
Q.1. Explain one of the following with reference to

the context
But most thro' midnight streets I hear
How the youthful Harlots curse
Blasts the new-born Infants tear
And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse

ANS: Reference
Poem: London
Poet: William Blake
Context
Occurrence: Stanza 4/4 (Lines12-16/16)

Content: This poem is about disease, misery, child labour and prostitution -
basically everything that Blake feels is wrong about London. The speaker
wanders through the streets of London and sees despair in the faces of the
people he meets and hears fear in their voices. The woeful cry of the chimney-
sweeper stands as a chastisement to the Church, and the blood of a soldier
stains the outer walls of the monarch's residence. At night, the cursing of
prostitutes corrupts the newborn infant and sullies the "marriage hearse"
EXPLANTION: In the final stages, the speaker revealed how
corruption in society attacks innocence. He says he hears "the curse of Harlot's
youth. The idea of youth prostitution is reflected in the level of poverty and
corruption, that a girl who was still young will be involved in prostitution. Then,
things get even more interesting, as the speaker reveals the purpose of
sending Harlot's curse. She curses the newborn's tears. This is the ultimate
attack on innocence. The speaker does not disclose whether the prostitute is
the mother of the child, but it does mean that instead of consoling the crying
child, she curses him. It shows the hard heart of the monastery, which
represents the hard heart of society at large. While the innocent shed tears,
Bhatak attacked them.

London's last line also revives the speaker's thoughts on marriage. Harlot,
apparently, has "blurred" the "listening to marriage." He has traced the
marriage by selling his body before joining the marriage union. Although the
speaker believes that Harlot has somehow damaged the marriage, he is also
the first to express his beliefs about marriage. The fact that he calls it a
"marriage hearing" suggests that he sees marriage as death. Overall, the
poem criticizes society, the church, prostitution, and even marriage. The
innocent child who sheds tears represents those who are innocent in the world.
They are few and far between. They are also infants and do not remain
innocent for long. The screams of misguided people "blow up" their innocence.

Question No # 2
Critically evaluate the poem Kubla Khan by Coleridge

ANS:KUBLA KHAN:(INRODUCTION)
The poem Kubla Khan is highly imaginative, in which, after each
stanza, the level of imaginations and creativity goes deeper. The poem
focuses on the “willing suspension of disbelief” i.e. the reader must quit his
rationality in order to understand the creativity of the poem.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS:
“Kubla Khan” is a dream. Coleridge confesses that he saw a dream under
the impact of opium. He slept for a long time but his guests interrupted him.
He forgot his half dream due to interruption of his guests. “Kubla Khan”
creates an imaginary world. Poet lives like kings in this world. He captures
clear picture of every wonderful object of nature like a true artist. However,
he does consider “Kubla Khan” a complete poem but a fragment. Source of
the poem is “Purcha’s Pilgrimage”. The poet was reading this poem when he
fell asleep. Kubla Khan is the character of that book who builds a separate
place for him in order to enjoy the luxuries of life. The poem was published in
year 1816.
Poem starts with wonderful description of a dome. It does not follow a story.
It is just about the wish of Kubla Khan. The poet creates a world, free from
harsh realities of life. Kubla Khan is a king and occupies resources to build a
wonderful dome. He orders that a dome be build near a sacred river Alph. He
chooses a place Xanadu for this purpose. A dark forest, full of trees and
strange fragrance of different flowers, also exists there. Xanadu has also
zigzag streams, sunny spots of greenery and ancient forests.
Starting lines of the poem describes natural objects. Romantic poetry is the
poetry of nature. Every romantic poet remains close to nature. He never
leaves any chance to illustrate natural imagery. These lines are evident that
S. T. Coleridge loves nature and appreciates it. Explanation of streams,
rivers, forests, flowers and dome is extraordinary. Poet’s artistic talent and
the power of romantic poetry can be witnessed in these lines.
The poet diverts his attention towards green hill that lays
across cavern of cedar trees. He exalts the beauty of the hill. Woman who
misses her lover or girl who is deceived by her lover can sit there and bewail.
It is a perfect place for this purpose. Poet further talks about fountain. It is
looking very magnificent. He describes its beauty. Water is running through it
and scattering like grains. Then he explains beauty of Alph river. It is the
most wonderful entity in this place. Zigzag shape of river increases its
beauty. It is situated into a beautiful valley.
He also ads some music in this poem. Until now, we were seeing a mute
panorama. The poet refers a maiden, who is singing. He values beauty of
maiden’s voice. Due to music, the place has become harmonious. Music,
which is being produced by musical instrument, can be heard in imagination.
Here, description of stunning eyes of the maiden is remarkable. The poet has
astonishing quality of putting things in front of readers with exact same taste
as he felt them. In short, in ending lines of the poem, the poet has created an
imaginary paradise.

The poet calls this poem a fragment because he can’t sketch his complete
dream. Even then the poem is wonderful piece of literature. Majority of critics
do not think that the poem is a fragment. They declare it a complete poem.
For instance, Humphrey House believes that the poem is perfect and
complete. Similarly, George Saintsbury said:
“It is complete. It is pure poetry, it is perfect.”
George Saintsbury on critical analysis of “Kubla Khan”

“Kubla Khan” is no more than a series of pictures but these

pictures are enough for the poet to enjoy the world of imagination. Although
there is no coherence in the images yet every object of nature has been
minutely crafted. There is a strange mystery in it. Especially, the moonlight
scene is extraordinarily painted. The poet has referred far-off places. Whole
poem seems a Utopian world; a world where there are no worries; it is for
those people who are lovers of nature. Maidens, music and singing make
this poem an entirely romantic piece of literature. It is not wrong to say that if
one wants to differentiate romantic poetry from realistic, he can read “Kubla
Khan”.

Question No # 3 Explain how Tyger

Tyger contributes to the presence and mightiness of the
Almighty and all pervading Omnipotent.

ANS: William Blake and William Wordsworth are two poets that have a few
very different views on life and the world. And quite a few close similarities,
particularly their writing style, as in they way express their thoughts.

Similaritiies between Blake’s London and

Wordsworth’s The World is Too Much With Us:
 Wordsworth's decision after Blake's death reflected many of the
impressions of the time: "There was no doubt that this poor man was insane,
but there was something in this man's insanity that made me like Lord
Byron." And Walter is more interested than Scott Shent." Blake's style of
writing pointed out many negative aspects of most things, including linking
many things or places to political issues Blake's London. Blake's gaze in the
city is very depressed and sad. Blake used metaphors, similes, and
personalities, but also referred to political issues as well as city issues. This
could be all cities in the UK, not just London. For example, "Every black
church is a prayer." It's not just the depth of the skin because the church
walls were actually black with dirt and grime, but on a deeper surface where
they are found in the church. Talking about corruption.Wordsworth likened
his London version to "beauty" that differs from surface exposure, and he
uses this imagery to add to London's beauty with natural valleys, green
countryside, and complex rivers and canals. Used for example - "The sun
never sleeps so beautifully in its first valley, rock or hill.

There he is more philosophical and wealthy. The details of the original city
and less surprises. Many of his works at the time expressed the beauty of a
pure nature, while "Wesminster Bridge" praised the way in which nature and
civilization could coexist. The city was as beautiful as the countryside, but in
a deeper way. "There are ships, towers, domes, theaters and temples, open
to the fields and the sky.In many of his poems, Wordsworth begins to go
more and more into his mind, not actually looking at the surface exhibits, but
sometimes living in a near-train state through it. The deep power of harmony
and happiness, we see in the life of things. "He says in one of his poems at
Tantern Abbey. He begins by looking at the beauty of the landscape, then his
mind goes deeper into things, like life and the world around it." His
understanding of “Unless, of course, this physical frame breathes Even the
movement of our human blood, almost suspended, we sleep, in the body,
and become a living soul.Blake is very different and deep in different ways.
But here he uses a very negative tone to help convey his message. All along
the way he continues his repressed attitudes and misrepresents everything
in London. "And mark the face I meet, the marks of weakness, the marks of
misery." - Commenting on how everyone in the city suffers from never-
ending work to keep it moving permanently, he describes how it is sucking
souls. Most of the people they work with.

It seems that Blake also uses a stereotypical negative tone to give a real sad
effect. He says, “With the curse of a young prostitute, the newborn tears the
newborn. This line basically means that teenagers are forced into prostitution
for money and if they are colored without a father, then that child is doomed
to become the son of a prostitute. The child is born into a life of poverty and
this process continues.

Wordsworth - Possibly due to better upbringing, has a more positive outlook

on life and can find it easier to see most things in their own beauty. Unlike
Blake, who did not find it difficult to look at the landscape, everything that
stands out with him looks wrong. "And the sighs of the unbridled soldier are
covered in blood beneath the walls of the palace." Instead of wondering at a
palace like Wordsworth, he would be from London - he sees it and reads
between the lines - how troops are sent to his death, and how the city benefit

Conclusion:In the conclusion, I think Blake and Wordsworth

have the same writing style but believe in very different things. Blake was
considered insane by many, but I think he had strong ideas from his own
experiences. Wordsworth, on the other hand, was merely a very
philosophical poet, in many of his poems "looking at the inner beauty of
things" in a trance-like state.

Question No # 4
Write the summary and themes of the poem Christabel
ANS: Summary of the poem christable:

Kristable is a beautiful, innocent young woman who goes to

the forest in the middle of the night to pray on a scary night. As she was
praying, she was surprised by another young girl named Geraldine.
Geraldine claims she was abducted by her assailants for unknown reasons
and left under a tree. Ignoring the big holes in Geraldine's story, Kristabel
sheltered Geraldine for the night, promising that her father, Sir Llewellyn,
would take care of the bad guys and keep Geraldine safe.Because no one is
awake and Kristable is a very friendly woman who has no idea that there is
no way to make a guest bed for a girl in distress, so she brings Geraldine to
share her bed.

Once in the bedroom, though, it turns out that Geraldine is not only
amazingly beautiful, but a kind of witch or vampire or something (we're not
sure what that is). She casts a spell on the flawless, innocent crystal, making
it impossible for the crystal to tell anyone about her and Geraldine's work on
the bed. Spelling works so well that the speaker has no idea what happened,
and the reader is never fully informed. What we do know is that they were
both naked and there is a lot of talk about boomerangs. Oh, and Kristabel
didn't mind.

The next morning, the speaker told us more about Kristable's dead
mother. Did we forget to mention this part? No worries, the speaker will not
let anyone forget about it, nor will Sir Llewellyn. It turns out that he has made
a law that the bells ring about a million times every morning (we can
exaggerate, but only a little), so that he can remember the day he died when
his wife died. Later he got up and gave birth to his daughter. For the record,
we're sure Sir Llewellyn doesn't get many party invitations.

Geraldine and Kristable woke up. Although Kristabel is wrestling with the
feeling that there is a stampede, she is unable to explain it and is involved in
her business. That business is introducing Geraldine to Sir Leoline.Turns out
Geraldine is the daughter of Leoline long-lost best friend. They had a quarrel
over something and they never talked to each other again. Llewellyn decided
that this was a great excuse to offer an olive branch to his old friend and
improve their friendship.

It all looks beautiful, doesn't it? Problem only: After

telling and reminding the story, Cristabel sees Geraldine's true brilliance.
People think she's ignorant, but she can't tell anyone what she remembers
because of this stupid magic. All the while, Geraldine is working some sort of
magic - either her feminine magic or real black magic. Even her trusted bard
has told her that she is doing something terrible, including her beautiful,
innocent daughter.Leoline is really angry at all the rudeness, and 2 and 3 are
fine, however, it's serious. We have all given up. An incomplete poem doesn't
seem like a big deal until you wrap it up in the story and then cut things off as
they get hot.

Themes of the poem Christabel: Following are the themes

of the poem Christable:

1. Religion.
2. Good vs evil.
3. Compassion and forgiveness.
4. Supernatural.
5. Women and Femininity.

1.Religion:This poem relies heavily on religious conflicts, obviously in

the Bible in Rebel E Eden. When Bressie Bard reveals his snake's vision or
dream, he makes it clear that the snake is threatening Cristabel. He
continues to propose he is determined to find "unclean" hazards in the wild.
At this point, Cristabel has already met Geraldine in the woods, and by then,
in the poem, readers will be even more skeptical of Geraldine. Therefore,
there is a reference to the Garden of Eden in which an innocent person
should be seduced by a snake.Clear references to religion include the
Crestible Prayer, the Angel Statue, and the daily church bells that invite the
audience to consider his death. Compiled in the Middle Ages, the poem
highlights the devotion of Crabble and his father. However, after spending
the night with Geraldine, Crabbell estimates that "I have sinned".

2.Good vs Evil:The theme of good versus evil dominates the text of

the poem. Kristable portrays him as an innocent man who trusts Geraldine
and the fool takes him to the palace. Geraldine's nature is challenged like a
snake on several occasions. Traditionally, the serpent represents evil in
Western literature because its creation is related to the Christian myth of
Eve's serpent seduction in the Bible book of the Bible. Another symbolic
representation that harmonizes Geraldine with evil is that she cannot cross
the threshold without help, the dog barks into her sleep in her presence, and
that Cristibal's mother's past is so severe.

3.Compassion and forgiveness: Empathy and forgiveness are

usually good things, but in "Creable" these positive attributes do nothing but
get people in trouble. Bad people are good at taking advantage of qualities
that are not usually seen as weak. Geraldine takes advantage of Crestable's
compassion for the troubled housewife, and Sir Llewellyn tries to forgive his
old friend. Sure, we don't know how it will turn out, but at first it certainly
doesn't look good. It will teach them to take care of others.
4. Supernatural: Crestible" is full of scary things, from witches to
ghosts to prophetic dreams. Much of the supernatural element is the
recognition of folklore and superstition, which romantic poets like Coleridge
like to use as part of their stories. The whole point of this weird move is to
make the reader feel a little farther away. In fact, reading poetry is like taking
a walk in the Carnival Art House. Unfortunately, this carnival fan house
doesn't end there, so we just keep putting ourselves in the steady mirror and
never really get our bearings. This can be great because Coleridge never
finished the poem, especially since the poem is so inspired by his own
psychological struggle.

5. Women and Femininity:

Coleridge lived an arrogant life, and he knew many women at the time that
she could accuse him. Because of her family background and the
relationships she developed as an adult, she was very sensitive and
interested in women's struggles. Some scholars believe that the "crystal" is
particularly insightful into certain aspects of the feminine experience.
Through Crestible's confrontation with Geraldine, he not only discovers the
sexual desires found in young women, but when his father turns his back on
him, he finds her as a helpless daughter and stranger partner. Also
understands the character. Turns out these are all very heavy things,
especially for a poet who is not even in a girl's club.