eS 4. Hydte kinematics ® 4 Lag rex ; g lan and Euleria fico. 1 Approaches of descr bing fluted )Me Lowgragian descriphen This a ot pele ir (Cine one in which indiviclual fluid Ppartetes Like tracking eo projectile mohen o i ‘ hig h- schoo |. ger b bain physice of / he individual fluid Petrheles are marleed and Meir pos! Hon, vetwut ele are described as tne function 2} time. fomple: Velocity is fanchon of spate Cxy,zy and time C9 Ve Vey) ooh 8% > % The pamcles Aand B have displacement XA and Fe with velocity veers VA ana Ve * Newtons lus and conservaten ay mass ardenergy can be applied | 4o each powricle under consideration. , (a) The Eulerian Description» This approach is tne one in wWhrch control volume is defined Pr the fluid ana the propertice of fiuid flow are exproceed as fields fnoide Me contr! volume- conto! volun In ae Pressure, velodity ,accelerahon and au otner flow properties ave derafhnd af Sette atnin contcol tolumc.—_—_———————————————— ————————_ ST yelocty field 9 Eulerian approach fe detined os tne velocity © of certain region Gn contre! vaktme regardless af which parhdle contain ad the moment V cagizitl= U Cuyre VEE V Guy 2b] + OCHS Zt) & Velocity i¢ a vectors vand Ww ate components of veloaty, along 3-D co-otdinal® axis % How te. loridge behecen Lagraggian and Eulerian Approaches. qoral_ Derivative er cubsteyrhied Derivative bridges the hyo approain Let as assume the arbitrary fiuid preperof Pe Ten, % Yi% ale function of time and hme itceiPs (ndle pren chert Pox Yat) = PC x, gycp-2e tJ DP = Total derivative Dt “sw Dp = dh. DOdH 22 de d ot Ge Star eae at Re de ” QP apt ees Srey 2. dB. ab 4 U BPE VEP yw 2p ———O ox ay 2% y for velosty freld V. the equation (i) Converts 1 dV. al (uly vara) « w+ (vy? ——O + x Dy az or d esecr Now, For Bulean approach frame Fe ffxect: Need pee law for an infinitesimal fluid sy Siem is a@- dV - A du+ddy+ Fda ------- a oe Sap “de o at usu CHHAt) = U Lee, gy duGuyzt) = DY au dx + DU dy =) a St tx dt og da + 28 4% Ww, 2H, tay] ----@ du = py at + Ua 4 v Ww i ot Set at mR = 2 v “3 at Bun PBT ON Oe cs} dw. w+ pee eee ‘dt ot Dx 24 Oe. fubetitute ab, ¢ 9 Padi 4 (quer au + 22) Hu (a lt # ot ae (& at Bee 1 afi I 3 pw) 4fiuau +7ua+ eu ae fou 4} aw + tea {i meedays dag) aChugyeteaee Fe Bay COR Bar 4m+ i M+ Ew Oz ge wt WV)V mw) Aw we bd = a Lx, yo 2), b] we gel that from: av iv v ays a Re Es4-2 One, too and tree dimensional fo & Fluid flow generany ic 3D in nerture *& Mis means parameters Whee veioc'ty, pressure vary 4pree co- ordinates direction ina (7) One dimensional Flow & All flow pareume kere m e@he spece- co-ordinate Only coordinate \¢ dict cay be expressed) as funerten Ob time and & Single space - lance measuced along fuurd Fee direction: x | flee ina pipe when presseare and velocity veiries only along length of pire pre _ * 2 de s valu e Vue oF ee some value PCH ia yoo Nyro 2720 : e220 Biel neonate Hole? Tgnore bound (1) wo dime? gional fo AN foe parame aire functor o} time and Ve Vay b) P= pcx) anne! Clamina 1 qwo sperce co-ord inak wo in open ch jo in open channel) ey? Flo a fee ali sonal Flow : ae linemen paaamerers at gunetions ob nee cpace co-ordinates and *Me Ve Fou) ers ) apuient tee io 7 ey: JurHono} fluid motion ( uni (ani laminar and, turbulent) form and non-uniform , $kady 4 43> Classifica unsteady 7m AD steady flow cdy,-0) 4) uniform flow 2) Non- uniform flow pe orees . pisty varied fle2 varied flow BD Unsteady flow Cay #9) 3) unsteady uniform Flo D Unsteady waned Flow x steady Flow > Flow in vahich the flow parameters like pressure , veloc! donot vo" ON" ime AWE =O y HK Vosteadg F10W © Plow in whrch parameters Var with time 4V/d4 4° x Uniform flow? Flow in Which parame ler donot vary over ¢ pace. dupe * NOM uniform {toe ! Flow i which parameter vard Ow «pace aY/gx 40 fe Laminar flow Tre Flow conch each article OF fluid follows a O66 ucuany tamioar Holo" ercles ALE not smoolh Peas with rapid variettion aro in spel’ and Hoe: ooo generan K Turbulent foe The motion ob Pt of velocity and pets4D Rotational and i potential fonction* Rotatena! Hoe? Au xt A Ucytay) Y UGpyt Xo KXotdx Tn aver atony ine axis - aviation of % component There is V Thic causes he shearng srelin ucget dy 4 component of veloc? s gien by v.cxeT Av point B a awn BA: THUS, frotational motion, stream function and an. figure ttre if variation of 4 component ef velocity “V" fs VC%e) ,and variation of ax) & VOro)+ Bhan af cu nent oF veloa ty is Ugo) with irs gradientAt de Lined Time & A eas Bo dx uo Lined 6 x BA, BC be pet pendicuta’” ay bme'L, After time form duet? vw! grasiom and agsumes M&O Let two fluid Lines 1g of BIAU and BIClare dpana quad these tines ae pocition pial and pict. The angular offsets ae eA respective | {rm orginal position: q Shas qradient panes gradient) Remember vetoclty fie We-detine agen vowoci hy Wz ctoout tne ~ cod Couryercloo® nce jurning of +0 dines” ea (EB at im i at = bin 4 Ons" 2 bien | fan Me - dx Na Wat Ar | arre fracas gas ine average ret ke of at>o oR ae daw tande= Mee land ut dee wat ----© re dps Lin , Oty dg dh Sea Be ghee Ll? BG ye" 3 ne composing © © and © CN ce 4 (BH a OE v= Be vy at (Nm BEY fiche> w= 3 ) amos = 4 Conv) = + Bay 2 2 Pe 22232 @) . un wo Trice of angular velod is vortic) Gao d can ¥ 4 (2) Roiakonal Flow + “he Few in which joie 16 non-22r VOrRerey d ; ue +o spatial velod gradient ys called ro fahonad flo’ Poe pre For such fiw) cur £O (IL) rrtotatione! floo: Flow havi negugivle or zem vornicity ace nea jeotatoned flow curl V =O * shear- stain sate ino petpendicular dines: Rale of closure Ob io Exy = + - ov mgs AE aR Bet 4 ynic eq ucts sheer stress THY ne 1 viccocity Ay When multiplied b ecause Howtonian fuid Tey aw = wy BS ae » exye av eee _----@® Ex ut 4= = The stam function $> @ Tn cartesian co-ardinale epsiem: Lel's deneve the Differential Equations of Mass Conservation first volume 8 yous . pqut 2,004 I dy de Let us assure infintesimel fixed contre! olume of dirnensions Cdx, dy 1d 2+ ass - Volumexdensity = Ax fonath xdensi m 7 | In x “4 Mass flo ale at inlet = Bie time Cb) Aengtn - velocity ) oy cure E(- Hy - U8) cus = (24, 4 2) ae i+ 2.) jacian operttor w= (at 4g --© Ke Enow, Lapt curve -E OYa For i¢totational frow eu 0 -Eyy=o vpeo “ary eo Second-oreler Laplace Equation » wpe Vp + oe OY”