Polity Ncert points

 Discrimination practically manifests in the form of stereotypes and prejudice

 Disability vs special need/differently abled
 Little Tibet is Ladakh
 Diversity: enjoying difference (difference by choice)
 Liberty: Opportunity to become best version of oneself
 Diversity vs equality…
 Difference vs unequal/inequal treatment.
 Equity (support in proportion to the degree of needs for level playing ground) over equality
 Dalit=broken=SO CALLED
 State: delineated border of fixed pop who follow a common set of laws and abide by them,
 Government: makes laws, enforce it, all in jurisdiction follow it
 Liberty bordered by law, restrained by law.
 Freedom vs liberty
 Punishment is tool of enforcement in a negative connotation/reactive manner: predominance
of legal spirit.
 Decentralised model of governance.
 Following 7th schedule for fraternity. division of legislative power
 Division of centre state relations help us understand executive powers.
 Executive powers are co extensive with legislative power
 No gov in the world willingly shared power, it was earned though action
 1920,usa/1928 england..womens voting right
 Representative democracy/indirect democracy
 Young India: magazine, Gandhi writes
 India has around 6 lakh villages
 Rural admin takes care of two things, i.e law and order and maintenance of land record
 Police cant take action in civil and minor cases; otherwise complaint inwriting is taken, then
case registered and instigated
 Patwari in village to maintain and update land record(khasra record= naksha i.e boundary is
plotted for multiple owner lands in a khasra)
 Under district collector, tehasildar/taluk office, patwari
 Hindu successuion act 2005 amendment: son ,daughter,and mother willk get eaual share of
poperty.
 Larger city has municipal corporation, small city is for municipal council
 Wards is territorial constituency
 Wards has councilors who has deliberative duty
 Municipal councils has
o Deliberative part: ward councilors:elected: decides;budget allocation decision
o Executive part: appointe nnot elected:municipal officer/commissioner: implements
 Money for municipal: revenue from services, property tax
 Subcontracting; for works, for manpower and expense consider
 1994 surat plague case : muncipalconcil efficiency.
 Paddy cycle: June sapling preparation,July transplanting, spt oct nov dec weeding. 6 months
of work for vilagers
 Nagaland terrace cultivation
 Street vending, general benefit, and a right to earn livelihood (olga tellis vs bombay municipal
corporation)
 Work of the nation is never complete: Nehru
 UAF 326,325: INDICATION OF EQUALITY
 Secret ballot is an indication of individual sovereignty
 O Prakash Valmiki: Dalit writer: joothan
 Parliament is corner stone of democracy
 Art 21, menekha gandi case: SC said: life is not mere living, but living with choice and
dignity.
 Art 15 ; corner stone of equality
