UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA PUEBLA

Report #2
Mechanical Vibrations
Daniel Salinas Acosta

18/11/2019
Report of Practice.
Title of the practice:
Determination of mass moments of inertia and center of mass of
connecting rods utilizing the natural frequencies of oscillation.
Summary:
In the dynamics of reciprocating motors, there are two important
parameters, one is the mass moment of inertia of the connecting rods,
and the second is the location of the center of mass of the connecting
rods. Both parameters are important in determining the inertia forces
and moments in reciprocating machines.
The inertia forces and the inertia moments are the forces and moments
due to the displacements, velocities and accelerations of the elements,
which conform a machine. By the utilization of appropriate methods, it
is possible to determine the inertia forces and inertia moments. In
reciprocating engines, some of the inertia forces and moments may be
unbalanced that cause the engines to vibrate. For a better engine
performance, it is important to reduce or eliminate the vibration due to
inertia forces and moments.
Objective:
1. determine the mass moment of inertia of two connecting rods.
2. determine the location of the center of gravity G of connecting
rods. By measuring, the period of oscillation of connecting rods is
possible to determine both parameters
Theoretical background:
It is essential to have a balance of weights in the systems that
component to an engine, since these are the ones that determine its
efficiency, that is why it is necessary to maintain an effective moment
of inertia.
It is also necessary to understand that the connecting rod itself has a
combination of translation and rotation, so the problem of balancing its
moment of inertia is simplified since there is a System composed of
two-point masses.
Procedure: Determine the mass of the connecting rod utilizing the
weighing machine them write the mass of the connecting rod in a
record booklet. Assign the letter m to this value.
Measure distance between points O and P with the help of the Vernier
caliper also write the distance O P of the connecting rod is a record
booklet. Assign the letter L to this value, them place the connecting rod
in the device to support it while oscillating. Make sure that point O of
the connecting is on the edge. Displace the connecting rod a small
angle 5 to 10° from its vertical equilibrium position. Measure the time
required to complete ten oscillations. Write this time in the booklet.
Repeat this time measurement three times.
If it exists one very high or one very low value of time discard this time
and repeat the time required for ten oscillations. For each of the
connecting rod obtain three-time measurements with small variations.
Obtain the average of the three-time measurements and divide it by
ten to get the time required to complete one oscillation, in other words,
the period of oscillation in seconds. Assign the letter O to this time.
Now place the connecting rod with point P on the edge. Displace the
connecting rod a small angle 5 to 10° from its vertical equilibrium
position. Measure the time required to complete ten oscillations. Write
this time in the booklet. Repeat this time measurement three times.
If it exists one very high or one very low value of time discard this time
and repeat the time required for ten oscillations. For each of the
connecting rod obtain three-time measurements with small variations.
Obtain the average of the three-time measurements and divide it by
ten to get the time required to complete one oscillation, in other words,
the period of oscillation in seconds. Assign the letter P to this time.
Utilized instruments:
Scientific Balance: Instrument for comparing the weights of two bodies,
usually for scientific purposes, to determine the difference in mass or
weight.
This scientific balance has high precision weighing so that the data it
drops is so precise as posible, them it has a control panel that it can be
easily handle by any student of teacher due to the simplified bottons.

Meter: Instrument that consist on a ruler or a graduated headband that

generally had a meter or more for its length.

Press Tool: Instrument that consist on fixing an element either a bar or

some other material, in order to keep the piece fixed without wobbling
or moving in any way
Bernier: short scale made to slide along the divisions of a graduated
instrument for indicating parts of divisions

Chronometer: Instrument for measuring time, especially one designed

to keep accurate time in spite of motion or variations in temperature,
humidity, and air pressure.

Results:
Biela #1
Masa (kg) 0,556
Distancia OP (m) 0,16
Periodo de oscilación To (s) Periodo de oscilación Tp (s)
7,91 7,25
7,92 7,25
7,,98 7,26
Promedio Promedio
7,91500 7,25333
Periodo por oscilación (To) Periodo por oscilación(Tp)
0,7915 0,7253
do (numerador) do (denominador)
-0,000693 -0,033596
do
0,0206142
dp
0,1393858
lo
0,0017842
lp
0,0101315
lG (kg m^2)
0,0015480
lG (g cm^2)
15479,59232

Biela #2
Masa (kg) 0,722
Distancia OP (m) 0,19
Periodo de oscilacion To Periodo de oscilacion Tp
(s) (s)
8,6 7,3
8,45 7,36
8,57 7,24
Promedio Promedio
8,54000 7,30000
Periodo por oscilacion Periodo por
(To) oscilacion(Tp)
0,8540000 0,7300000
do (numerador) do (denominador)
-0,0016669 -0,0663532
do
0,0251211
dp
0,1648789
lo
0,0032870
lp
0,0157636
lG (kg m^2)
0,0028314
 lG (g cm^2)
28313,6023

3. Conclusions:
In conclusion to our lab report, we determine that we have an
aceptable percentual difference due to the precisely meditions we
take on the bar oscillation, them we asume that we can have better
data by making more and more tests, so that we can have a better
percentual difference, also the bars we take on for the experiment
where great because they are easily handle, so we dont have any
problem to take the oscillation time for each one.
We also need for this practice to capture twice the data due to have
more information for the report, them we need more time for making
the Excel process to get correct data.
Finally the data we compile is useful because the information that
the graphs throw at us is essential in engineering sincec it shows us
how an even more precise selective data process can be reached,
since in this way a significant reduction in the percentage difference
can be obtained, which it translates into long-term improvements.