WRITING CHAPTER 1

TITLE

● Must be clearly stated, concise, and should be limited to at most 15 words if possible.
● The variables of the study are reflected particularly the relationship among variables and proposed target
population.
● Example:
Work Values of Midwives and their Clinical Performance in Selected Government Hospitals in Misamis Oriental

INTRODUCTION

● This section presents brief discussion of the rationale and background of the problem or subject of inquiry. The
introduction serves as a springboard for the statement of the problem.
● It should stimulate the interest of the reader and set the stage for the presentation of the study.
● The introduction of the study provides the historical background of the problem, current knowledge on the
subject, an account of published and unpublished work, a discussion of the gaps in knowledge and the potential
value of furthering knowledge in this field.
● The introduction part includes the following:
a. The context of the problem and its historical background.
b. Authoritative viewpoints on the problem.
c. The researcher’s interest in working on the problem.
d. The purpose of the study in relation to the problem.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This is the foundation of the research study. These are highly related theories and principles that were established
and proven by authorities.

Refers to the set of interrelated construct, definitions, and prepositions that presents a systematic view of
phenomena.

An organized body that explains what has been done and what has been said on the topic or problem being
investigated.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A tentative explanation or theoretical explanation of the phenomenon or problem and serves as the basis for the
formulation research hypotheses.

Consists of the investigator’s own position on a problem after his exposure to various theories that have bearing on
the problem.

The conceptual framework becomes the central theme, the focus, the main thrust of the study. It serves as a guide
in conducting investigation.

PARADIGM

A diagrammatic representation of a conceptual framework. It depicts in a more vivid way what the
conceptual framework wants to convey.
HYPOTHESIS

Research hypothesis is usually developed from experience, literature or theory, or combination of these. This is the
expected relationship between variables.

Null hypothesis is the one that states NO relationship between variables. The function is to let the research test the
hypothesis statistically.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There should be a general statement of the whole problem followed by the specific questions or sub problems into
which the general problem is broken up.

Sample:

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• The rationale, timeliness and/or relevance of the study to existing conditions must be explained or discussed
here.

• Who are to be benefited and how they are going to be benefited. It must be shown who are the individuals,
groups, or communities who may be placed in a more advantageous position on account of the study.

• Possible solutions to existing problems or improvement to unsatisfactory conditions.

• Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge.

• Possible implications. It should be discussed here that the implications include the possible causes of the
problems discovered, the possible effects of the problems, and the remedial measures to solve the problems.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

A brief statement of the general purpose of the study. Includes the subject matter and topics studied and discussed. It
also defines the locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which the data belong.

Scope of the Study:

• The population from which the respondents were selected. This must be large enough to make generalization
significant.

• The period of the study. This is the time, either months or years, during which the data were gathered.
Limitations of the Study:

• Include the weaknesses of the study beyond the control of the researcher.

• The weaknesses that spring out of the inaccuracies of the perceptions of the respondents.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

● Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or unique meanings in the study are defined.
● Terms should be defined operationally (that is how they are used in the study).
● The researcher may develop his own definition from the characteristics of the term defined.
● Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books, magazines and newspaper articles, dictionaries, and other
publications but the researcher must acknowledge the source.
● Definitions should be brief, clear, and unequivocal as possible.
● Acronyms should always be spelled out fully.