University of Cebu

Department of the Allied Courses

BANILAD-CAMPUS
Cebu City
Date: 3/12/2021
Subject: NCM Elective—Logic Subject Time/Days: 8:00-9:30 PM (MW)
School Year/Semester: 2020-21/2nd Sem. Term: Prelim—Midterm Period
Quiz 1—Essay
(Article-Readings Based)
Name: Trisha Faye Y. Pasay Course/Year: BSN 1-I EDP No: 68882

I. Instructions:
- Consider and read the following articles:
a. What is philosophy
b. Critical thinking
c. Scientific thinking and reasoning
- Based on these, answer the question given below.
- Follow the required number of sentences in the formulation of the answers of the
question.
- Use Arial for font type with 12 font size.
- Use this paper for the output.
- Submit the output into your correct LMS.
- Submit on: March 12, 2021/ 11:00 PM for TTH classes.
- Be on time in the submission.
- 40 point all.
II. Question:

Based on the three reading articles, state concretely and descriptively the roles and the
manners these critical, scientific thinking and reasoning play in the context of what philosophy
is and the doing or exercising philosophy likewise.

Answer: 15-20 sentences exactly.

III. Output:

- Philosophy is the pursuit for wisdom and knowledge for a general

understanding of values and reality. Reality is truth, and philosophy
pursues to achieve the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an
individual or group that will help them in their progression in life which is
their reality. Doing philosophy is working out methods that will help us to
discover the relationship of experience and thought, and then to link both
to a consistent concept of the real world.
Critical thinking is reasonable, reflective thinking that is focused on
deciding what to believe or do. Philosophy is a process of reflecting on
and criticizing our most deeply held conceptions and beliefs. Critical
thinking allows the formal sense of doing philosophy which is looking at all
sides of an issue without prejudice. Critical thinking skills can be used in
philosophy specifically for the purpose of exposing fallacies and bad
reasoning after the fact or in taking on an opposing stance but also by
helping us even be able to develop our positions reasonably but also
creatively in the first place and still doing so by minimizing potential
mistakes or benefiting us by having rules, procedures, policies in place
that keep things from being misused or misapplied or from failing from lack
of diligence, or due care and with the appropriate concerns in check.
Critical examination helps to address problems which remain unresolved
in other areas of inquiry and helps avoid being misled or deceived by
untenable beliefs and spurious claims promoted by authoritarian sources
for which uncritical acceptance of said claims can result in confusion and
blind belief.
Scientific thinking refers to both thinking about the content of science and
the set of reasoning processes that permeate the field of science:
induction, deduction, experimental design, causal reasoning, concept
formation, hypothesis testing, and so on. Philosophy in this sense seeks to
combine the conclusions of the various sciences and human experience
into some kind of consistent world view. Scientific thinking focuses on
general cognitive processes, but it tends to do so by analyzing people's
problem-solving behavior when they are presented with relatively complex
situations that involve the integration and coordination of several different
types of processes, and that are designed to capture some essential
features of reality. This allows man to formulate hypotheses regarding a
certain problem and adopt a strategy of trying to confirm or disconfirm
their hypotheses. Thus, progress accrues via a symbiotic relation through
which philosophy and the sciences mutually develop, evolve and feed into
each other.
Reasoning is the faculty or process of drawing conclusion or logical valid
argument on a subject matter. Reasoning is associated with the acts of
thinking and cognition, and involves using one's intellect and knowledge.
Philosophy in this manner endeavors to understand the nature of correct
thinking and to discover what is valid reasoning. Reasoning itself is
drawing conclusions on the basis of reasons and giving due weight to all
relevant factors. Relevant factors include the implications of drawing those
conclusions, the assumptions on which the reasoning is based, the
accuracy of the reasons used, the alternatives available, and a number of
other elements and standards. The role of reasoning is to allow the
analysis of arguments and concepts, examining the validity and
soundness of the arguments, and revealing the connections and
distinctions between the concepts.