Characteristics

and Processes of
Research
 Research
 is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes

collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines

an individual‘s speculation with reality. (Department of Education, 2016)

 process of executing various mental acts for discovering and

examining facts and information to prove the accuracy and truthfulness

of your claims and conclusions about the topic of your research.

(Litchman, 2013)
Characteristics
of Research
 Calmorin and Calmorin, Research Methods and Thesis Writing
As cited by the Department of Education (2016)

1. Empirical
 based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical
 based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical
 it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical
 utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.
5. Critical
exhibits careful and precise judgment
6. Methodical
conducted in a methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures
7. Replicability
 The research design and procedures are replicated
or repeated to enable the researchers to arrive at
valid and conclusive results
5-minute
ACTIVITY
 instrumental
new fresh 1.Accuracy
central point facts 2.Objectiveness
3.Timeliness
organized simple
4. Relevance
concise direct
5. Clarity
orderly interesting 6. Systematic
correct correct language
not with mere opinions improving society
 (Badke 2012; Silverman 2013; De Mey 2013)

1. Accuracy
 Must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes
and bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately
documented or acknowledged.
2. Objectiveness
 Must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalizations, predictions or conclusions
3. Timeliness
 Must work on topic that is fresh, new and interesting to the
present society.
4. Relevance
 Must be instrumental in improving society or in solving
problems affecting the lives of people in a community.
5. Clarity
 It must succeed in expressing its central point or
discoveries by using simple, direct, concise and correct
language.
6. Systematic
 It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.
THE RESEARCH
PROCESS
5-minute
ACTIVITY
 Collect data Review the
literature

Analyze data
Formulate
hypothesis Define research
problem
Interpret and
report Design
research
Define research problem

Review the literature

Formulate hypothesis

Design research

Collect data

Analyze data

Interpret and report