IIB-1

Chapter IIB
Fully-Restrained (FR) Moment Connections

The design of fully restrained (FR) moment connections is covered in Part 11 of the
AISC Steel Construction Manual.
 IIB-2

Example II.B-1 Bolted Flange-Plate FR Moment Connection

(beam-to-column flange)

Given:

Design a bolted flange-plated FR moment connection between a W18×50 beam and a W14×99
column flange to transfer the following forces:

RD = 7 kips MD = 42 kip-ft
RL = 21 kips ML = 126 kip-ft

Use d-in. diameter ASTM A325-N bolts in standard holes and E70 electrodes.

Material Properties:

Beam W18×50 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual

Column W14×99 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Table 2-2
Plate ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi Table 2-3

Geometric Properties:

Beam W18×50 d = 18.0 in. bf = 7.50 in. tf = 0.570 in. tw = 0.355 in. Sx = 88.9 Manual
in.3 Table 1-1
Column W14×99 d = 14.2 in. bf = 14.6 in. tf = 0.780 in.
 IIB-3

Solution:

LRFD ASD
Ru = 1.2 ( 7 kips) + 1.6 ( 21 kips) Ra = 7 kips + 21 kips
= 42 kips = 28 kips
Mu = 1.2 ( 42 kip-ft ) + 1.6 (126 kip-ft ) M a = 42 kip-ft + 126 kip-ft
= 252 kip-ft = 168 kip-ft

Check the beam available flexural strength

Assume two rows of bolts in standard holes.

Afg = b f t f = ( 7.50 in.)( 0.570 in.) = 4.28 in.2 Section

F13.1

Afn = Afg − 2 ( db + 1 8 in.) t f = 4.28 in.2 − 2 ( 7 8 in. + 1 8 in.)( 0.570 in.) = 3.14 in.2

Fy 50 ksi
= = 0.769 < 0.8 , therefore Yt = 1.0.
Fu 65 ksi

( )
Fu Afn = ( 65 ksi) 3.14 in.2 = 204 kips

( )
Yt Fy Afg = (1.0)( 50 ksi ) 4.28 in.2 = 214 kips > 204 kips

Therefore the nominal flexural strength, Mn, at the location of the holes in the tension flange is
as follows:

Fu Afn S x ( 65 ksi ) ( 3.14 in.2 )(88.9 in.3 ) Specification

Mn = = = 4240 kip-in. or 353 kip-ft
Afg 4.28 in.2 Eqn. F13-1

LRFD ASD
φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67

353 kip-ft
M n / Ωb = = 211 kip-ft
φb M n = 0.90 ( 353 kip-ft ) = 318 kip-ft 1.67

318 kip-ft > 252 kip-ft o.k. 211 kip-ft > 168 kip-ft o.k.

Design single-plate web connection

Try a PL a×4×0’-9, with three d-in. diameter ASTM A325-N bolts and 4-in. fillet welds.
 IIB-4

LRFD ASD
Design shear strength of the bolts Allowable shear strength of bolts Manual
Table 7-1
Single shear; Single shear;

φrn = 21.6 kips/bolt rn/Ω = 14.4 kips/bolt

= 42 kips/(21.6 kips/bolt) = 1.94 bolts = 28 kips/(14.4 kips/bolt) = 1.94 bolts

Bearing strength of bolts Bearing strength of bolts Manual

Table 7-5
Bolt spacing = 3 in. Bolt spacing = 3 in.

φrn = (91.4 kips/in./bolt)(a in.) rn/Ω = (60.9 kips/in./bolt)(a in.)

= 34.3 kips/bolt = 22.8 kips/bolt

= 42 kips/(34.3 kips/bolt) = 1.23 bolts = 28 kips/(22.8 kips/bolt) = 1.23 bolts

Plate shear yielding Plate shear yielding

φ = 1.00 Ω = 1.50

φRn = 0.60 φFy Ag rn/Ω = 0.60 Fy Ag /Ω = Eqn J4-3

= 0.60(1.00)(36 ksi)(9 in.)(a in.) = 0.60(36 ksi)(9 in.)(a in.)/(1.50)

= 72.9 kips > 42 kips o.k. = 48.6 kips > 28 kips o.k.

Plate shear rupture Plate shear rupture

Where φ = 0.75 Ω = 2.00

φRn = 0.60 φFu Anv rn/Ω = 0.60 Fu Anv /Ω = Eqn J4-4

(3 bolts)(d in.+ z in.+ z in.) = 3 in. (3 bolts)(d in.+ z in.+ z in.) = 3 in.

Anv = (9 in. – 3 in.)(a in.) = 2.25 in2 Anv = (9 in. – 3 in.)(a in.) = 2.25 in2

= 0.60(0.75)(58 ksi)(2.25 in2) = 0.60(58 ksi)(2.25 in2)/(2.00)

= 58.7 kips > 42 kips o.k. = 39.2 kips > 28 kips o.k.

Block shear rupture strength of the plate

Leh = 14 in.; Lev = 12 in.; Ubs = 1.0; n = 3

LRFD ASD

(
φRn = φFu AntU bs + min φ0.6 Fy Agv , φFu Anv ) Rn Fu AntU bs
=
⎛ 0.6 Fy Agv Fu Anv ⎞
+ min ⎜ ,
Ω Ω ⎝ Ω Ω ⎟⎠

Tension rupture component Tension rupture component Manual

Table 9-3a
φFuAnt = 32.6 kips/in(a in) FuAnt/ Ω = 21.8 kips/in(a in)
 IIB-5

Shear yielding component Shear yielding component Manual

Table 9-3b
φ0.60FyAgv = 121 kips/in(a in) 0.60FyAgv / Ω = 81.0 kips/in(a in)

Shear rupture component Shear rupture component Manual

Table 9-3c
φ0.60FuAnv = 131 kips/in(a in) 0.60FuAnv / Ω = 87.0 kips/in(a in)

Rn/Ω = (81.0 kips/in + 21.6 kips/in)(a in)

φRn = (121 kips/in + 32.6 kips/in)(a in)
= 38.5 kips > 24 kips o.k.
= 57.6 kips > 42 kips o.k.

Weld Strength Weld Strength Manual

Part 8
φRn = 1.392D l (2) Rn / Ω = 0.928Dl (2)

= 1.392(4 sixteenths)(9 in.)(2) = 0.928(4 sixteenths)(9 in.)(2)

= 100 kips > 42 kips o.k. = 66.8 kips > 28 kips o.k.

Connecting Elements Rupture Strength at Welds

Shear rupture strength of base metal

⎛ 2 ⎞⎛ D ⎞
0.6 FEXX ⎜⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ Section J4.2
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠ 3.09 D
tmin = =
0.6 Fu Fu

Column flange; tf = 0.780 in.

3.09 D ( 3.09 )( 4 sixteenths )

tmin = = = 0.190 in.
Fu 65 ksi

Plate; t = a in.

3.09 ( 2 ) D ( 6.19 )( 4 sixteenths )

tmin = = = 0.427 in. > a in. proration required.
Fu 58 ksi

LRFD ASD
8 in. 8 in.
( 33.4 kips) = 29.3 kips
3 3
φRn = ( 50.1 kips ) = 44 kips Rn / Ω =
0.427 in. 0.427 in.

44 kips > 42 kips o.k. 29.3 kips > 28 kips o.k.

 IIB-6

Design tension flange plate and connection

Design of bolts

LRFD ASD
M u ( 252 kip-ft )(12 in./ft ) M a (168 kip-ft )(12 in./ft ) Manual
Puf = = = 168 kips Paf = = = 112 kips Part 12
d 18.0 in. d 18.0 in.

Try a PL w× 7 Try a PL w×7

Determine critical bolt strength Determine critical bolt strength

Manual
For shear, φrn = 21.6 kips/bolt For shear, rn / Ω = 14.4 kips/bolt Table 7-1

For bearing on flange; For bearing on flange;

φrn = (102 kips/bolt ) t f rn / Ω = ( 68.3 kips/bolt ) t f

= (102 kips/bolt )( 0.570 in.) = ( 68.3 kips/bolt )( 0.570 in.)

= 58.1 kips/bolt = 38.9 kips/bolt Manual

Table 7-6
For bearing in plate; For bearing in plate;

φrn = ( 91.4 kips/bolt ) t f rn / Ω = ( 60.9 kips/bolt ) t f

= ( 91.4 kips/bolt )( 0.570 in. ) = ( 60.9 kips/bolt )( 0.570 in. )

= 52.1 kips/bolt = 34.7 kips/bolt

Shear controls, therefore the number of bolts Shear controls, therefore the number of bolts
required is as follows: required is as follows:

Puf 168 kips Paf 112 kips

nmin = = = 7.78 bolts nmin = = = 7.78 bolts
φrn 21.6 kips/bolt rn / Ω 14.4 kips/bolt

Use eight bolts. Use eight bolts.

Check flange plate tension yielding

Pn = Fy Ag = ( 36 ksi )( 7 in. )( 3 4 in. ) = 189 kips Eqn. D2-1

LRFD ASD

Puf =
Mu
=
( 252 kip-ft )(12 in./ft ) Puf =
Mu
=
(168 kip-ft )(12 in./ft )
d + tp (18.0 in. + 3 4 in.) d + tp (18.0 in. + 3 4 in.)
= 161 kips = 108 kips

φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67
 IIB-7

φPn = 0.90 (189 kips ) = 170 kips 189 kips

Pn / Ω = = 113 kips
1.67

170 kips > 161 kips o.k. 113 kips > 108 kips o.k.

Check flange plate tension rupture

An M 0.85 Ag = 0.85(7 in.)(0.75 in.) = 4.46 in2

Eqn. J4-1
An = ⎡⎣ B − 2 ( db + 1
8 in.) ⎤⎦ t p = ⎡⎣( 7 in.) − 2 ( 7
8 in. + 1
8 in.) ⎤⎦ ( 3
4 in.) = 3.75 in.
2

Ae = 3.75 in.2
(
Pn = Fu Ae = ( 58 ksi ) 3.75 in.2 = 217 kips ) Eqn. D2-2

LRFD ASD
φ = 0.75 Ω = 2.00

φPn = 0.75 ( 217 kips ) = 163 kips 217 kips

Pn / Ω = = 109 kips
2.0
163 kips > 161 kips o.k.
109 kips > 108 kips o.k.

Check flange plate block shear rupture

There are two cases for which block shear rupture must be checked. The first case involves the
tearout of the two blocks outside the two rows of bolt holes in the flange plate; for this case Leh
= 12 in. and Lev = 12 in. The second case involves the tearout of the block between the two
rows of the holes in the flange plate. Manual Tables 9-3a, 9-3b, and 9-3c may be adapted for
this calculation by considering the 4 in. width to be comprised of two, 2-in. wide blocks where
Leh = 2 in. and Lev = 12 in. Thus, the former case is the more critical.

LRFD ASD
Manual
(
φRn = φFu AntU bs + min φ0.6 Fy Agv , φFu Anv ) Rn Fu AntU bs
=
⎛ 0.6 Fy Agv Fu Anv ⎞
+ min ⎜ ,
Table 9-3a
Ω Ω ⎝ Ω Ω ⎟⎠
Manual
Table 9-3b
Tension component Tension component
φU bs Fu Ant = 43.5 kips ( 3
4 in.)( 2) Fu Ant / Ω = 29.0 kips ( 34 in.)( 2)
Manual
Shear yielding component Shear yielding component Table 9-3c
φ0.6 Fy Agv = 170 kips ( 3
4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fy Agv / Ω = 113 kips ( 3 4 in.)( 2)

Shear rupture component Shear rupture component

φ0.6 Fu Anv = 183 kips ( 3
4 in.)( 2) 0.6 Fu Anv / Ω = 122 kips ( 34 in.)( 2)

Shear yielding controls, thus Shear yielding controls, thus

φRn = (170 kips + 43.5 kips)( 3 4 in.)( 2) Rn / Ω = (113 kips + 29.0 kips)( 3 4 in.)( 2)

= 320 kips > 161 kips o.k. = 213 kips > 108 kips o.k.
 IIB-8

Determine the required size of the fillet weld to supporting column flange

The applied tension load is perpendicular to the weld, Eqns. J2-4,

therefore θ = 90° and 1.0 + 0.5sin1.5 θ = 1.5. and J2-5

LRFD ASD
Puf Paf
Dmin = Dmin =
2 (1.5 )(1.392 ) l 2 (1.5 )( 0.928 ) l

161 kips 108 kips

= =
2 (1.5 )(1.392 )( 7 in. ) 2 (1.5 )( 0.928 )( 7 in. )

= 5.51 sixteenths = 5.54 sixteenths

Use a-in. fillet welds, 6 > 5.51 o.k. Use a-in. fillet welds, 6 > 5.54 o.k.

Connecting Elements Rupture Strength at Welds

Tension rupture strength of base metal

⎛ 2 ⎞⎛ D ⎞
0.6 FEXX ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟
tmin = ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠ = 1.86 D
Fu Fu

Column flange; tf = 0.780 in.

1.86 D (1.86 )( 6 sixteenths )

tmin = = = 0.171 in.
Fu 65 ksi

Flange plate; tf = 0.75 in.

3.71D (1.86)( 2)( 6 sixteenths)

tmin = = = 0.384 in.
Fu 58 ksi

Design compression flange plate and connection

Try PL w×7

Assume K = 0.65 and l = 2.0 in. (12 in. edge distance and 2 in. setback).

Kl 0.65 ( 2.0 in.)

= = 6.00 < 25
r ⎛ 3 4 in. ⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟
12 ⎠

Therefore, Fcr = Fy Section J4.3

A = ( 7 in. )( 3 4 in. ) = 5.25 in.2

 IIB-9

LRFD ASD
φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67
Fy Ag ( 36 ksi ) ( 5.25 in.2 )
(
φPn = φFy Ag = 0.90 ( 36 ksi ) 5.25 in.
2
) Pn / Ω =
Ω
=
1.67 Eqn. J4-6
= 170 kips > 161 kips o.k. = 113 kips > 108 kips o.k.

The compression flange plate will be identical to the tension flange plate; a w in.×7 in. plate
with eight bolts in two rows of four bolts on a 4 in. gage and a in. fillet welds to the
supporting column flange.

Note: Tension due to load reversal must also be considered in the design of
the fillet weld to the supporting column flange.

The column must be checked for stiffening requirements. For further information, see AISC
Design Guide No. 13 Wide-Flange Column Stiffening at Moment Connections – Wind and
Seismic Applications (Carter, 1999).
 IIB-20

Plate tp = a in.

3.09 ( 2 ) D ( 6.19 )( 4 sixteenths )

tmin = = = 0.427 in.
Fu 58 ksi

LRFD ASD
Rn 3 in.
8 in.
( 33.4 kips) = 29.3 kips
3
φRn = ( 50.1 kips ) = 44 kips = 8
0.427 in. Ω 0.427 in.

44 kips > 42 kips o.k. 29.3 kips > 28 kips o.k.

A complete-joint penetration groove weld will transfer the entire flange force in tension and Table J2.5
compression.

Note: The column must be checked for stiffening requirements. For further information, see
AISC Design Guide No. 13 Wide-Flange Column Stiffening at Moment Connections – Wind
and Seismic Applications. (Carter, 1999).
 IIB-21

Example II.B-4 Four-Bolt Unstiffened Extended End-Plate FR Moment

Connection (beam-to-column flange).
Given:
Design a four-bolt unstiffened extended end-plate FR moment connection between a W18×50
beam and a W14×99 column-flange to transfer the following forces:

RD = 7 kips MD = 42 kip-ft
RL = 21 kips ML = 126 kip-ft

Use ASTM A325-N snug-tight bolts in standard holes and E70 electrodes.

a. Use design procedure 1 (thick end-plate and smaller diameter bolts) from AISC Steel
Design Guide 16 Flush and Extended Multiple-Row Moment End-Plate Connections.
b. Use design procedure 2 (thin end-plate and larger diameter bolts) from AISC Steel
Design Guide 16 Flush and Extended Multiple-Row Moment End-Plate Connections.

Material Properties:

Beam W18×50 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Manual

Column W14×99 ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Table 2-3
Plate ASTM A36 Fy = 36 ksi Fu = 58 ksi Table 2-4

Geometric Properties:

Beam W18×50 d = 18.0 in. bf = 7.50 in. tf = 0.570 in. tw = 0.355 in. Sx = 88.9 in.3 Manual
Column W14×99 d = 14.2 in. bf = 14.6 in. tf = 0.780 in. Table 1-1
 IIB-22

Solution A:

LRFD ASD
Ru = 1.2(7 kips) + 1.6(21 kips) = 42 kips Ra = 7 kips + 21 kips = 28 kips

Mu = 1.2(42 kip-ft) + 1.6(126 kip-ft) Ma = 42 kip-ft + 126 kip-ft

= 252 kip-ft = 168 kip-ft

Check beam flexural strength

LRFD ASD
For a W18×50 For a W18×50
Manual
φbMn = 379 kip-ft > 252 kip-ft o.k. Mn /Ωb = 252 kip-ft > 168 kip-ft o.k. Table 3-3

Extended end-plate geometric properties:

bp = 72 in. g = 52 in. pf,i = 12 in. pf,o = 12 in. pext = 3 in.

Calculate secondary dimensions

h0 = d + p f ,o = 18.0 in. + 1 1 2 in. = 19 1 2 in.

tf 0.570 in.
d o = h0 − = 19 1 2 in. − = 19.22 in.
2 2

h1 = d − p f ,i − t f = 18.0 in. − 1 1 2 in. − 0.570 in. = 15.9 in.

tf 0.570 in.
d1 = h1 − = 15.93 in. − = 15.6 in.
2 2

γ r = 1.0 for extended end-plates

Determine the required bolt diameter assuming no prying action

For ASTM A325-N bolts, Fnt = 90 ksi Table J3.2

LRFD ASD
2M u 2M a Ω
dbreq = dbreq =
πφFnt (∑ d )n πFnt (∑ d )
n

2 ( 252 kip-ft )(12 in./ft ) 2 (168 kip-ft )(12 in./ft )( 2.00)

= =
π ( 0.75 )( 90 ksi )(19.2 in. + 15.6 in. ) π ( 90 ksi)(19.2 in. + 15.6 in.)

= 0.905 in. = 0.905 in.

Use 1-in. diameter ASTM A325-N snug- Use 1-in. diameter ASTM A325-N snug-
tightened bolts. tightened bolts.

Determine the required end-plate thickness

 IIB-23

bp g ( 7 12 in.)( 5 1 2 in.)
s= = = 3.21 in.
2 2

Verify interior bolt pitch, p f ,i = 1 1 2 in. ≤ s = 3.21 in. o.k.

bp ⎡ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤ 2
Y= ⎢h1 ⎜ + ⎟ + h0 ⎜
2 ⎢⎣ ⎝ p f ,i s ⎠ ⎝ p f ,o ⎠
1

⎥⎦ g
(
⎟ − 2 ⎥ + ⎣⎡ h1 p f ,i + s ⎦⎤ )

7 12 in. ⎡ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 ⎤
= ⎢(15.93 in.) ⎜⎝ 1 + ⎟ + (19 1 2 in.) ⎜
⎝ 1 12 in. ⎟⎠
− 2⎥
2 ⎣ 1 2 in. 3.21 in. ⎠ ⎦

2
+ ⎡(15.93 in.)(1 1 2 in. + 3.21 in.) ⎤⎦
5 1 2 in. ⎣

= 133

π (1 in.) ( 90 ksi)
2
πd 2 F
Pt = b nt = = 70.7 kips
4 4

M n = 2 Pt ( ∑ d n ) = 2 ( 70.7 kips )(19.2 in. + 15.6 in. ) = 4930 kip-in.

LRFD ASD
φ = 0.75 Ω = 2.00

4930 kip-in.
Mn / Ω = = 2460 kip-in.
φM n = 0.75 ( 4930 kip-in. ) = 3700 kip-in. 2.00

φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67

1.11γ r φM np 1.11γ r ⎛ M np ⎞
t p req ' d = t p req ' d =
φb FpyY ⎛ Fpy ⎞ ⎝⎜ Ω ⎠⎟
⎜⎝ Ω ⎟⎠ Y
b

1.11(1.0 )( 3700 kip-in. ) 1.11 (1.0 )( 2460 kip-in. )(1.67 )

= =
( 0.90 )( 36 ksi )(133 in.) ( 36 ksi )(133 in.)

= 0.977 in. = 0.978 in.

Use a 1-in. thick end-plate. Use a 1-in. thick end-plate.

 IIB-24

LRFD ASD
Calculate end-plate design strength Calculate end-plate allowable strength

From above, φM n = 3700 kip-in. From above, M n / Ω = 2464 kip-in.

φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67

φb M pl φb Fpy t p 2Y M pl Fpy t p 2Y
= =
γr γr Ωb γ r Ωb γ r

0.90 ( 36 ksi )(1 in.) (133 in.) ( 36 ksi )(1 in.) (133 in. )
2 2

= =
1.0 1.67 (1.0 )

= 4310 kip-in. = 2860 kip-in.

⎛ φb M pl ⎞ ⎛ M pl ⎞
φM n = min ⎜ φM np ,
⎝ γ r ⎟⎠ M n / Ωb = min ⎜ M np / Ωb ,
Ω ⎟
⎝ bγ r ⎠

= 3700 kip-in. or 308 kip-ft = 2460 kip-in. or 205 kip-ft

308 kip-ft > 252 kip-ft o.k. 205 kip-ft > 168 kip-ft o.k.

Check bolt shear

Try the minimum of four bolts at tension flange and two bolts at compression flange.

LRFD ASD
φRn = nφrn = ( 2 bolts )( 28.3 kips/bolt ) Rn / Ω = nrn / Ω = ( 2 bolts )(18.8 kips/bolt ) Manual
Table 7-1
= 56.6 kips > 42 kips o.k. = 37.6 kips > 28 kips o.k.

Determine the required size of the beam Determine the required size of the beam web- Manual
web-to end-plate fillet weld to end-plate fillet weld Part 8

φFy tw 0.90 ( 50 ksi )( 0.355 in. ) Fy tw ( 50 ksi )( 0.355 in.)

Dmin = = Dmin = =
2 (1.39 ) 2 (1.39 ) 2Ω ( 0.928 ) 2 (1.67 )( 0.928 )

= 5.75 sixteenths = 5.73 sixteenths

Use a in. fillet welds on both sides of the beam web from the inside face of the beam flange to
the centerline of the inside bolt holes plus two bolt diameters.

Determine weld size required for the end reaction

The end reaction , Ru or Ra, is resisted by weld between the mid-depth of the beam and the
inside face of the compression flange or between the inner row of tension bolts plus two bolt
diameters, which ever is smaller. By inspection the former governs for this example.
 IIB-25

d 18.0 in.
l= −tf = − 0.570 in. = 8.43 in.
2 2

LRFD ASD
Ru 42 kips Ra 28 kips
Dmin = = Dmin = =
2 (1.39) l 2 (1.39)( 8.43 in.) 2 ( 0.928) l 2 ( 0.928)( 8.43 in.)

= 1.79 → 3 sixteenths (minimum size) = 1.79 → 3 sixteenths (minimum size)

Table J2.4
Use x-in. fillet weld on both sides of the Use x-in. fillet weld on both sides of the
beam web below the tension-bolt region. beam web below the tension-bolt region.

Connecting Elements Rupture Strength at Welds

Shear rupture strength of base metal

⎛ 2 ⎞⎛ D ⎞
0.6 Fexx ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟
tmin = ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠ = 3.09 D
0.6 Fu Fu

Beam web tw = 0.355 in.

3.09 ( 2) D ( 6.19)( 3 sixteenths) = 0.285 in.

tmin = =
Fu 65 ksi

End plate tp = 1 in.

3.09 D ( 3.09)( 3 sixteenths)

tmin = = = 0.160 in.
Fu 58 ksi

LRFD ASD
⎛ 0.355 in. ⎞ ⎛ 0.355 in. ⎞
Ru = 1.392 Dl ⎜ Ra = 0.928Dl ⎜
⎝ 0.285 in. ⎟⎠ ⎝ 0.476 in. ⎟⎠

⎛ 0.355 in. ⎞ ⎛ 0.355 in. ⎞

= 1.392 ( 3 sixteenths)( 2)( 8.43 in.) ⎜ = 0.928 ( 3 sixteenths)( 2)( 8.43 in.) ⎜
⎝ 0.285 in. ⎟⎠ ⎝ 0.285 in. ⎟⎠
= 87.7 kips > 42 kips = 58.5 kips > 28 kips

Determine required fillet weld size for the beam flange to end-plate connection

( )
l = 2 b f + t f − tw = 2 ( 7.50 in. + 0.570 in.) − 0.355 in. = 15.8 in.
 IIB-26

LRFD ASD
2 M u 2 ( 252 kip-ft )(12 in./ft ) 2 M a 2 (168 kip-ft )(12 in./ft )
Puf = = Paf = =
∑ dn 19.2 in. + 15.6 in. ∑ dn 19.2 in. + 15.6 in.

= 173 kips = 116 kips

Puf 173 kips Paf 116 kips
Dmin = = Dmin = =
1.5 (1.39 ) l 1.5 (1.39 )(15.8 in. ) 1.5 ( 0.928) l 1.5 ( 0.928)(15.8 in.)

= 5.27 → 6 sixteenths (minimum size) = 5.27 → 6 sixteenths (minimum size)

Note that the 1.5 factor is from Specification J2.4.

Use a-in. fillet welds at beam tension flange. Welds at compression flange may be 4-in. fillet
welds (minimum size per Specification Table J2.4).

Connecting Elements Rupture Strength at Welds

Tension rupture strength of base metal

Rn = Fu Ae Section J4.1
⎛ 2 ⎞⎛ D ⎞
0.6 Fexx ⎜⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠ 1.86 D
tmin = =
Fu Fu

Beam flange; tf = 0.570in.

1.86 ( 2 ) D ( 3.71)( 6 sixteenths )

tmin = = = 0.343 in.
Fu 65 ksi

End plate; tp = 1.00 in.

1.86 D (1.86 )( 6 sixteenths )

tmin = = = 0.192 in.
Fu 58 ksi
 IIB-27

Solution B:

Only those portions of the design that vary from the solution “A” calculations are presented
here.

LRFD ASD
Determine required end-plate thickness Determine required end-plate thickness

φ = 0.90 Ω = 1.67

γ r Mu γ r M a Ωb
t preq = t preq =
φb FyY FyY

1.0 ( 252 kip-ft )(12 in./ft ) 1.0 (168 kip-ft )(12 in./ft )(1.67)
= =
0.90 ( 36 ksi )(133 in.) ( 36 ksi)(133 in.)

= 0.84 in. = 0.84 in.

Use tp = d in. Use tp = d in.

Select a trial bolt diameter and calculate the maximum prying forces

Try 1-in. diameter bolts.

bp
− ( db + 116 in.) =
7.50 in.
w' = − (1 116 in.) = 2.69 in.
2 2

3
⎛ tp ⎞
3
⎛ 7 in. ⎞
ai = 3.682 ⎜ ⎟ − 0.085 = 3.682 ⎜ 8 − 0.085 = 2.38
⎝ db ⎠ ⎝ 1 in. ⎟⎠
⎡ ⎛ bp ⎞ ⎤ πd 3 F
t p 2 Fyp ⎢ 0.85 ⎜ ⎟ + 0.80 w '⎥ + b nt
⎣ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎦ 8
Fi ' =
4 p f ,i

⎡ ⎤
( 7 8 ) 2 ( 36) ⎢0.85 ⎛⎜⎝
7 12 ⎞
+ 0.80 ( 2.69) ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎦
=
4 (1 1 2 )

π (1) ( 90)
3

+ 8
4 (1 1 2 )

= 30.4 kips
 IIB-28

2
w ' tp2 ⎛ F' ⎞
Qmax i = Fyp 2
− 3⎜ i ⎟⎟
4ai ⎜ w't
⎝ p ⎠

( 2.69 )( 7 8 )
2
⎛ 30.4 ⎞
2

= 362 − 3 ⎜
4 ( 2.38 ) ⎜ 2.69 ( 7 8 ) ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠

= 6.10 kips
ao = min ⎡⎣ ai , pext − p f ,o ⎤⎦ = min [ 2.38 in., 1 1 2 in.] = 1 1 2 in.
⎛ pf i ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 2 in. ⎞
Fo ' = Fi ' ⎜ ⎟ = ( 30.4 kips) ⎜⎝ 1
⎝ p fo ⎠ 1 2 in. ⎟⎠

= 30.4 kips

2
w ' tp2 ⎛ F ' ⎞
Qmax o = Fyp 2
− 3⎜ o ⎟⎟
4ao ⎜ w't
⎝ p ⎠

( 2.69 )( 7 8 )
2
⎛ 30.4 ⎞
2

= 362 − 3 ⎜
4 (1 1 2 ) ⎜ 2.69 ( 7 8 ) ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠

= 9.68 kips

Calculate the connection available strength for the limit state of bolt rupture with prying
action
πdb 2 Fnt π (1 in.) ( 90 ksi)
2

Pt = = = 70.7 kips
4 4
Unmodified Bolt Pretension, Tb 0 = 51 kips

Modify bolt pretension for the snug-tight condition. Table J3.1

Tb 0 51 kips
Tb = = = 12.8 kips AISC Design
4 4
Guide 16
Table 2-1,
Table 4-2
 IIB-29

LRFD ASD
Mq
φM q = =
Ω
⎧1 ⎫
⎧φ ⎡⎣ 2 ( Pt − Qmax o ) d0 + 2 ( Pt − Qmax i ) d1 ⎤⎦ ⎫ ⎪ Ω ⎡⎣( Pt − Qmax o ) d0 + 2 ( Pt − Qmax i ) d1 ⎤⎦ ⎪
⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎪⎪φ ⎡⎣ 2 ( Pt − Qmax o ) d0 + 2 ( Tb ) d1 ⎦⎤ ⎪ 1 ⎡2 ( P − Q ) d + 2 ( T ) d ⎤ ⎪
⎪⎪ ⎪Ω ⎣ t max o 0 b 1⎦
⎪
max ⎨ ⎬ max ⎨ ⎬
⎪φ ⎡⎣ 2 ( Pt − Qmax i ) d1 + 2 ( Tb ) d0 ⎤⎦ ⎪ ⎪ 1 ⎡2 ( P − Q ) d + 2 ( T ) d ⎤ ⎪
⎪ ⎪ ⎪Ω ⎣ t max i 1 b 0⎦
⎪
⎪⎩φ ⎡⎣ 2 ( Tb )( d0 + d1 ) ⎤⎦ ⎪⎭ ⎪1 ⎪
⎪ ⎡⎣ 2 ( Tb )( d0 + d1 ) ⎤⎦ ⎪
⎩Ω ⎭

⎧ 1 ⎡ 2 ( 70.7 − 9.68)(19.2) ⎤ ⎫
⎧ ⎡ 2 ( 70.7 − 9.68 )(19.2 ) ⎤ ⎫ ⎪ ⎢ ⎥⎪
⎪0.75 ⎢ ⎥⎪ ⎪ 2.00 ⎣⎢ +2 ( 70.7 − 6.10)(15.6) ⎦⎥ ⎪
⎪ ⎣⎢ +2 ( 70.7 − 6.10 )(15.6 ) ⎦⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎪ 1 ⎡2 ( 70.7 − 9.68)(19.2) ⎤ ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎪ ⎡ 2 ( 70.7 − 9.68 )(19.2 ) ⎤ ⎪
⎪⎪ 2.00 ⎢ +2 12.8 15.6 ⎥ ⎪
⎪0.75 ⎢ ⎥ ⎪ ⎢⎣ ( )( ) ⎥⎦ ⎪
= max ⎨ ⎣⎢ +2 (12.8 )(15.6 ) ⎦⎥ ⎬ = max ⎨ ⎬
⎪ ⎪ ⎪ 1 ⎡2 ( 70.7 − 6.10)(15.6) ⎤ ⎪
⎪ ⎡2 ( 70.7 − 6.10 )(15.6 ) ⎤ ⎪ ⎪ ⎢ ⎥ ⎪
⎪ 0.75 ⎢ ⎥ ⎪ ⎪ 2.00 ⎢⎣ +2 (12.8)(19.2) ⎥⎦ ⎪
⎪ ⎣⎢ +2 (12.8 )(19.2 ) ⎦⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
⎪0.75 ⎡2 12.8 19.215 + 15.6 ⎤ ⎪ ⎪ 1 ⎡2 (12.8)(19.215 + 15.6) ⎤ ⎪
⎩ ⎣ ( )( )⎦ ⎭ ⎩⎪ 2.00 ⎣ ⎦ ⎪⎭

⎧3275 kip-in. ⎫ ⎧2183 kip-in.⎫

⎪2059 kip-in.⎪ ⎪1373 kip-in. ⎪
⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪
= max ⎨ ⎬ = 3275 kip-in. = max ⎨ ⎬ = 2138 kip-in.
⎪ 1885 kip-in. ⎪ ⎪1257 kip-in. ⎪
⎪⎩669 kip-in. ⎪⎭ ⎪⎩446 kip-in. ⎪⎭

3275
φM q = 3275 kip-in. Mq / Ω = = 2183 kip-in.
1.5
= 273 kip-ft > 252 kip-ft o.k. = 182 kip-ft > 168 kip-ft o.k.

For Example IIB-4, design procedure 1 produced a design with a 1-in. thick end-plate and 1-
in. diameter bolts. Design procedure 2 produced a design with a d-in. thick end-plate and 1-in.
diameter bolts. Either design is acceptable. Design procedure 1 did not produce a smaller bolt
diameter for this example, although in general it should result in a thicker plate and smaller
diameter bolt than design procedure 2. It will be noted that the bolt stress is lower in design
procedure 1 than in design procedure 2.