TENSES

Tenses adalah perubahan verb atau kata kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan sifat kejadiannya.

1. Simple Present Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berulang / kegiatan sehari-hari
(habitual action/daily activities)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth) / suatu kebenaran yang
tidak dapat dibantah.
Contoh : Matahari terbit daari Timur
Api itu panas.

Kalimat
a. Verbal
rumus : (+) Subject + V1(s/es) + object
(-) Subject + do/does + not + V1 + object
(?) Do/does + Subject + V1 + object?
e.g.
(+) Bakhri gets up before subuh. (Bakhri bangun sebelum subuh)
(-) Bakhri does not get up before subuh. (Bakhri tidak bangun sebelum subuh)
(?) Does bakhri get up before subuh? (Apakah Bakhri bangun sebelum subuh?)

I He
You She does
We do It
They

b. Nominal
rumus : (+) Subject + to be ( is, am, are) + A.N.A
(-) Subject + to be ( is, am, are) + not + ( A.N.A)
(?) Is, am, are + subject + A.N.A
e.g.
(+) She is beautiful. (Dia cantik.)
(-) She is not beautiful. (Dia tidak cantik.)
(?) Is she beautiful? (Apakah dia cantik?)

I am He
You She is
They are It
We

Time signal :
everyday, today, every week, every month,.....
2. Present Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menceritakan aktivitas yang sedang terjadi pada saat kita berbicara.
Rumus :
(+) Subject + to be (is, am, are) + Ving + object
(?) Subject + to be (is, am, are) + not + Ving + object
(-) To be (is, am, are) + subject + Ving + object?

I am He
You She is
We are It
They

e.g
(+) I am working now. (Aku sedang bekerja sekarang.)
(?) I am not working now. (Aku sedang tidak bekerja sekarang.)
(-) Am I working now? (Apakah aku sedang bekerja sekarang?)

Time signal
Now, right now, ....

3. Present perfect tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian / keadaan yang sudah terjadi /
dilakukan.
Akibat ; masih terasa pada saat kita berbicara.
Durasi : dari jam 00.00 – pada saat kita berbicara.
Rumus :
1. Verbal
(+) S + have/have + V3 + O
(?) S + have/has + not + V3 + O
(-) Have/has + S + V3 + O ?

I He
You have She has
We It
They

e.g
(+) Bakhri has spoken English.
(?) Bakhri has not spoken English.
(-) Has Bakhri spoken English?

2. Nominal
(+) S + have/has + been + A.N.A + O
(?) S + have/has + not + been + A.N.A + O
(-) Have/has + S + been + A.N.A + O
 e.g
(+) I have been here for three months.
(-) I have not been here for three months.
(?) Have I been here for three months?

Time signal :
For three months, ....

4. Simple past tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian atau keadaan di masa lampau.
Tidak ada hubungannya dengan masa sekarang.
Rumus :
1. Verbal
(+) S + V2 + O
(?) S + did + not + V1 + O
(-) Did + S + V1 + O?
e.g
(+) John spent his holiday in the room.
(?) John did not spend his holiday in the room.
(-) Did John spend his holiday in the room?
2. Nominal

Time signal :
Yesterday. Last time, two days ago, last night,....

5. Simple future tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian/peristiwa yang akan terjadi di masa
yang akan datang.
Rumus :
(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O
(-) S + will/shall + not + V1 + O
(?) Will/shall + S + V1 + O?
e.g
(+) I will go to your house tomorrow.
(-) I will not go to your house tomorrow.
(?) Will I go to your house tomorrow?

Time signal:
Tomorrow, later, 2 days later, next month