Bayyinah Access 1 Sarf

The Fundamentals of Arabic Word Morphology

The of the to many different forms
 Learning Objectives
Sarf
Understand the sarf template.
 Forbidding ‫ي‬
ٌ ‫نَ ِه‬ ‫ف‬ َ
ٌ ‫ظ ْر‬
‫أ َ ْم ٌر‬ Time/Place

ِ ‫ِفع ٌل ُم‬
Command
‫ع‬
ٌ ‫ضار‬
‫أِسم فا ِعل‬ Present Tense Fi’l
Person with this job

‫ع َمج ُهلؤ ٌل‬ ِ ‫فِع ٌل ُم‬

ٌ ‫ضار‬
‫ص َد ٌر‬
ْ ‫َم‬ Present Passive Fi’l
Idea

‫ماض‬
ٍ ‫ِفع ٌل‬
‫أِسم َمفعُو ٌل‬ Past Tense Fi’l
Recipient
‫ماض َمج ُهلؤ ٌل‬
ٍ ‫فِع ٌل‬
Past Passive Fi’l
Individual Words:
Individual words formed and grouped
according to function.
Need to know its origins: Root Letters, Sarf
Building
Family and Kind of Word in order to words
translate its meaning.
from the
roots up.
Kind of Word:
Ism or Fi’l. Specific groups of words that
can be formed using the roots and form
patterns.

Sarf Family/Form:
Gives a different, unique meaning to the
basic root letters. Families are;
1 Mujarrad and 9 types of Mazeed Feeh.

Root letters:
Gives basic meaning of word
 fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫أِسم فا ِعل‬ ‫ص َد ٌر‬

ْ ‫َم‬ ‫ع‬ ِ ‫فِع ٌل ُمض‬
ٌ ‫ار‬ ‫ماض‬
ٍ ‫فِع ٌل‬
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫ع‬ ِ ‫فِع ٌل ُم‬

ٌ ‫ضار‬ ‫ماض‬
ٍ ‫فِع ٌل‬
‫أِسم َمفعُو ٌل‬ ‫ص َد ٌر‬
ْ ‫َم‬ ‫َمج ُهلؤ ٌل‬ ‫َمج ُهلؤ ٌل‬

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ف‬ َ
ٌ ‫ظ ْر‬ ‫ي‬
ٌ ‫نَ ِه‬ ‫أ َ ْم ٌر‬
 fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ُمعَ ِل ٌم‬ ‫تَع ِليما‬ ‫يُعَ ِل ُم‬ ‫عل َم‬

َ
teacher education He teaches He taught
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫ُمعَل ٌم‬ ‫تَع ِليما‬ ‫يُعَل ُم‬ ‫ع ِل َم‬

ُ
student education He is taught He was taught

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ُمعَل ٌم‬ ‫ال تُعَ ِل ْم‬ ‫ع ِل ْم‬

َ
school Don’t teach! Teach!
Two Kinds of Words in a Sarf Template

2 1 2 1

3 4 3

4 6 5
 Note: This chart only reflects Ism Faail. Oo…
Ism Mafool will have its own full Muslim Chart

Note: No harakat shown for

both Past Tense and Present
Tense Pronouns Charts.
Can be used for both passive
and active voice.

*
Note: Masdr and Tharf are non-human isms.
Plurals are treated as Singular, Feminine.

* Command

Note: Non-biological hence only one gender shown.

 Learning Objectives
Sarf Mazeed Feeh

Be able to recite Forms 2-10 ‫مزيد فيه‬

(excluding Form 9) from memory.
 additional letters
3 root letters increased besides the
root letters
Present Tense starts with a
dhammah. Ta-Fatha Family Sounds alike

2 teach
5divide
7
turn away
9 red

‫عل َم يُعَ ِل ُم‬

َ ‫ت َفَرقَ يَت َفَر ُق‬ ‫ب‬ َ َ‫اِ ْنقَل‬
ُ ‫ب يَ ْنقَ ِل‬ ‫اِ ْح َمر يَ ْح َمر‬
3
struggle

‫جا َه َد يُجا ِه ُد‬

6
cooperate
8
come closer
10forgive

4
submit ‫ت َعا َو َن يَت َعَا َو ُن‬ ‫ب‬ َ ‫اِ ْقت َ َر‬
ُ ‫ب يَقَت َ ِر‬
‫اِ ْست َ ْغفَ َر يَ ْست َ ْغ ِف ُر‬
‫أ َ ْسلَ َم يُ ْس ِل ُم‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 2
ّ ‫عل َم‬
َ
Shaddah in the middle root letter,
Present tense starts with a dhammah

Miss Shahiddah
ّ
 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ُمعَ ِل ٌم‬ ‫تَع ِليما‬ ‫يُعَ ِل ُم‬ ‫عل َم‬

َ
teacher education He teaches He taught
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫ُمعَل ٌم‬ ‫تَع ِليما‬ ‫يُعَل ُم‬ ‫ع ِل َم‬

ُ
student education He is taught He was taught

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ُمعَل ٌم‬ ‫ال تُعَ ِل ْم‬ ‫ع ِل ْم‬

َ
school Don’t teach! Teach!
 Word Markers for
‫ت َ ْف ِعيل‬
Shaddah in the middle root letter.
Present tense starts with a dhammah

2 1
ُّ ّ َّ ‫ي‬
ُ َّ ّ َّ
4 3
ُّ ّ َّ ‫ي‬ َّ ّ ُّ
Oo

ُ
6 5
ّْ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ال‬ ّْ ّ َّ
 Word Markers for
‫ت َ ْف ِعيل‬
Shaddah in the middle root letter.
Present tense starts with a dhammah

2 1
ٌّ ّ َّ ‫ُم‬ ْ ِّ ّْ ‫ت‬
ّ ‫ي‬ َ
3
ٌّ ّ َّ ‫ُم‬ ْ ِّ ّْ ‫ت‬
ّ ‫ي‬ َ
4
ٌّ ّ َّ ‫ُم‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 3
‫جا َه َد‬
Aaaa…2 unique
ideas

Long alif sound, 2 masdrs.

Present tense starts with a dhammah

Professor Aaaleef ‫ا‬

 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ِجهادا‬
‫ُمجا ِه ٌد‬ ‫و ُمجا َه َدة‬ ‫يُجا ِه ُد‬ ‫جا َه َد‬
One who struggles struggle He struggles He struggled
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫ِجهادا‬
‫ُمجا َه ٌد‬ ‫و ُمجا َه َدة‬ ‫يُجا َه ُد‬ ‫ُجو ِه َد‬
struggle He is taught He was taught

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ُمجا َه ٌد‬ ‫ال تُجا ِه ْد‬ ‫جا ِه ْد‬

Don’t struggle! Struggle!
 Word Markers for
‫ِفعال‬
Long alif sound, 2 masdrs.
Present tense starts with a dhammah

2 1
ُّ ِّ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬
ُ َّ َّ ‫ا‬
4 3
َّ ِّ ‫ُّ و‬
Oo

ُّ َّ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬
ُ
6 5
ّْ ِّ ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ال‬
‫ت‬ ّْ ِّ ‫ا‬
 Word Markers for
‫ِفعال‬
Long alif sound, 2 masdrs.
Present tense starts with a dhammah

2 1
ٌّ ِّ ‫ا‬ ‫ُم‬ ّ ‫ا‬ ِّ
4 3
ٌّ َّ ‫ا‬ ‫ُم‬ ‫ا َّ َّ ة‬ ‫ُم‬
5
ٌّ َّ ‫ا‬ ‫ُم‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 4
‫أ َ ْسلَ َم‬
Past tense starts with extra hamza.
Present tense starts with a dhammah.
Command has special helper hamza.

Commander Hamzah ‫أ‬

 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ُم ْس ِل ٌم‬ ‫أِ ْسالما‬ ‫يُ ْس ِل ُم‬ ‫أ َ ْسلَ َم‬

submission He submits He submitted
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫ُم ْسلَ ٌم‬ ‫أِ ْسالما‬ ‫يُ ْسلَ ُم‬ ‫أ ُ ْس ِل َم‬

submission He is submitted He was submitted

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ُم ْسلَ ٌم‬ ‫ال ت ُ ْس ِل ْم‬ ‫أ َ ْس ِل ْم‬

Don’t submit! Submit!
 Word Markers for
‫أِ ْفعال‬
Past tense starts with extra hamza.
Present tense starts with a dhammah.
Command has special helper hamza.

2 1
ُّ ِّ ّْ ‫ي‬
ُ َّ َّ ّْ َ ‫أ‬
4 3
ُّ َّ ّْ ‫ي‬ َّ ِّ ّْ ُ ‫أ‬
Oo

ُ
6 5
ّْ ِّ ّْ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ال‬ ّْ ِّ ّْ َ ‫أ‬
 Word Markers for
‫أِ ْفعال‬
Past tense starts with extra hamza.
Present tense starts with a dhammah.
Command has special helper hamza.

2 1
ٌّ ِّ ّْ ‫ُم‬ ّ ‫ا‬ ّْ ِ‫أ‬
3
ٌّ َّ ّْ ‫ُم‬ ّ ‫ا‬ ّْ ِ‫أ‬
4
ٌّ َّ ّْ ‫ُم‬
When two hamzahs meet, it

‫ءمن‬
sounds like a hiccup so
we use an alif, wau or ya to First root letter is a ‫ء‬
smooth the sounds out. Applicable to all root words starting with a ‫ء‬

‫و ي‬ ‫آ‬
ُ
‫أ ْلؤ ِم َن‬ َ
‫أ ْء َم َن‬
‫أ و ِم َن‬ ُ ‫آ َم َن‬
When two hamzahs meet, it

‫ءمن‬
sounds like a hiccup so
we use an alif, wau or ya to First root letter is a ‫ء‬
smooth the sounds out. Applicable to all root words starting with a ‫ء‬

‫و ي‬ ‫آ‬
‫ِإ ْءمانا‬ ْ‫أ َ ْء ِمن‬
‫ِإيمانا‬ ‫آ ِم ْن‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 5
‫تَفَر َق‬
ّ
Extra ta before first root letter.
Shaddah on second root letter.
Likes the fathah (“a”) sound.

Teacher Assistant Shaddana ّ ‫ت‬

 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ُمتَفَ ِر ٌق‬ ‫تَفَرقا‬ ‫يَتَفَر ُق‬ َ‫تَفَرق‬

division He divides He divided
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫ُمتَفَر ٌق‬ ‫تَفَرقأ‬ ‫يُتَفَر ُق‬ َ‫تُفُ ِرق‬

division He is divided He was divided

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ُمتَفَر ٌق‬ ‫ال تَتَفَر ْق‬ ‫تَفَر ْق‬

Don’t divide! Divide!
 Word Markers for
‫تَفَعل‬
Extra ta before first root letter.
Shaddah on second root letter.
Likes the fathah (“a”) sound.

2 1
ُّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ي‬
َ َّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ
4 3
ُّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ي‬ ُ
َّ ّ ُّ ‫ت‬
Oo

ُ
6 5
ّْ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ال‬ ّْ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ
 Word Markers for
‫تَفَعل‬
Extra ta before first root letter.
Shaddah on second root letter.
Likes the fathah (“a”) sound.

2 1
‫و‬

ٌّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ُم‬ ّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ
3
‫و‬

ٌّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ُم‬ ّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ
4
ٌّ ّ َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ُم‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 6
‫عاو َن‬
َ ‫ت‬َ
Extra ta before first root letter.
Long alif after first root letter.
Likes the fathah (“a”) sound.

Teacher Assistant Aarafa ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬

 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ُمتَعا ِو ٌن‬ ُ َ‫ت‬

‫عاونا‬ ‫عاو ُن‬
َ َ ‫يَت‬ َ َ‫ت‬
‫علو َن‬
cooperation He cooperates He cooperated
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫عاو ٌن‬
َ َ ‫ُمت‬ ُ َ‫ت‬
‫عاونا‬ ‫عاو ُن‬
َ َ ‫يُت‬ ‫تُعُو ِو َن‬
cooperation He is cooperated He was cooperated

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫عاو ٌن‬
َ َ ‫ُمت‬ ‫عو ْن‬
َ َ ‫ال تَت‬ ‫عاو ْن‬
َ َ‫ت‬
Don’t cooperate! Cooperate!
 Word Markers for
ُ ‫تَفا‬
‫عل‬
Extra ta before first root letter.
Long alif after first root letter.
Likes the fathah (“a”) sound.

2 1
ُّ َّ ‫ت ا‬
َ ‫ي‬
َ َّ َّ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
َ
4 3
ُ ‫ي‬
ُّ َّ ‫ت ا‬ ُ
َّ ِّ ‫ت ُّ و‬
Oo

ُ
6 5
ّْ َّ ‫ت ا‬ َ ‫ال‬
َ ‫ت‬ ّْ َّ ‫ت ا‬
َ
 Word Markers for
ُ ‫تَفا‬
‫عل‬
Extra ta before first root letter.
Long alif after first root letter.
Likes the fathah (“a”) sound.

2 1
ٌّ ِّ ‫ت ا‬
َ ‫ُم‬ ّ ُّ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
َ
3
ٌّ َّ ‫ت ا‬
َ ‫ُم‬ ّ ُّ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬
َ
4
ٌّ َّ ‫ت ا‬
َ ‫ُم‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 7
َ
َ ‫اِ ْنقَل‬
‫ب‬
Extra noon before the first root letter.
No passives.

Injaha
‫ْن‬
 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

ٌ ‫ُم ْنقَ ِل‬

‫ب‬ ‫اِ ْن ِقالبا‬ ُ ‫يَ ْنقَ ِل‬
‫ب‬ َ َ‫اِ ْنقَل‬
‫ب‬
turning away He turns away He turned away
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

Always Intransitive
Action Always Affect Doer ‫اِ ْن ِقالبا‬ Always Intransitive
Action Always Affect Doer
Always Intransitive
Action Always Affect Doer
turning away

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

ٌ َ‫ُم ْنقَل‬
‫ب‬ ْ ‫ال ت َ ْنقَ ِل‬
‫ب‬ ْ ‫اِ ْنقَ ِل‬
‫ب‬
Don’t turn away! Turn away!
 Word Markers for
‫اِ ْن ِفعال‬ Extra noon before first root letter.
No passives.

2 1
ُّ ِّ َّ ‫ي ْن‬
َ َّ َّ َّ ‫اِ ْن‬
4 3
Oo
Always Intransitive Always Intransitive
No Passive for Form 7 No Passive for Form 7

6 5
ّْ ِّ َّ ‫ت ْن‬
َ ‫ال‬ ّْ ِّ َّ ‫اِ ْن‬
 Word Markers for
‫اِ ْن ِفعال‬ Extra noon before first root letter.
No passives.

2 1
ٌّ ِّ َّ ‫ُم ْن‬ ّ َّ ِّ ‫اِ ْن‬
3
ّ َّ ِّ ‫اِ ْن‬
Always Intransitive
Action Always Affect Doer

4
ٌّ َّ َّ ‫ُم ْن‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 8
Theatrics. All the
world’s a stage…
‫ر‬َ
َ َ ِ‫ا‬
‫ب‬ ‫ت‬‫ق‬ْ
Extra ta after the first root letter.

Ta the actor ‫ت‬

 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

ٌ ‫ُم ْقت َ ِر‬

‫ب‬ ‫اِ ْقتِرابا‬ ُ ‫يَ ْقت َ ِر‬
‫ب‬ َ ‫اِ ْقت َ َر‬
‫ب‬
bringing close He brings close He brought close
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

ٌ ‫ُم ْقت َ َر‬

‫ب‬ ‫اِ ْقتِرابا‬ ُ ‫يُ ْقت َ َر‬
‫ب‬ ُ ‫ا ُ ْقت ُ ِر‬
‫ب‬
bringing close He is brought close He was brought close

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

ٌ ‫ُم ْقت َ َر‬

‫ب‬ ْ ‫ال ت َ ْقت َ ِر‬
‫ب‬ ْ ‫اِ ْقت َ ِر‬
‫ب‬
Don’t bring close! Bring close!
 Word Markers for
‫اِ ْف ِتعال‬ Extra ta after first root letter.

2 1
َ ّْ ‫ي‬
ُّ ِّ ‫ت‬ َ َ ّْ ِ‫ا‬
َّ َّ ‫ت‬
4 3
َ ّْ ‫ي‬
ُّ َّ ‫ت‬ ُ ّْ ُ ‫ا‬
Oo

ُ َّ ِّ ‫ت‬
6 5
ّْ ِّ ‫ت‬
َ ّْ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ال‬ ّْ ِّ ‫ت‬
َ ّْ ِ‫ا‬
 Word Markers for
‫اِ ْف ِتعال‬ Extra ta after first root letter.

2 1
َ ّْ ‫ُم‬
ٌّ ِّ ‫ت‬ ِ ّْ ِ‫ا‬
ّ‫ت ا‬
3
َ ّْ ‫ُم‬
ٌّ َّ ‫ت‬ ِ ّْ ِ‫ا‬
ّ‫ت ا‬
4
َ ّْ ‫ُم‬
ٌّ َّ ‫ت‬
When ta and hamzah meet, it
sounds like a hiccup so we
replace the hamza with a ta,
resulting in a shaddah in the
beginning ‫ءخذ‬ First root letter is a ‫ء‬
Applicable to all root words starting with a ‫ء‬

‫ت‬
‫اِ ْء ِتخاذا‬ ُ‫يَئْت َ ِخذ‬ ‫اِ ْءت َ َخ َذ‬
‫اِ ِتخاذا‬ ُ‫يَت ِخذ‬ ‫اِت َخ َذ‬
When ta and hamzah meet, it
sounds like a hiccup so we
replace the hamza with a ta,
resulting in a shaddah in the
beginning ‫ءخذ‬ First root letter is a ‫ء‬
Applicable to all root words starting with a ‫ء‬

‫ت‬
ٌ‫ُم ْلؤت َ ِخذ‬ ُ‫يُئْت َ َخذ‬ ‫ا ُ ْءت ُ ِخ َذ‬
ٌ‫ُمت ِخذ‬ ُ‫يُت َخذ‬ ‫اُت ِخ َذ‬
When ta and hamzah meet, it
sounds like a hiccup so we
replace the hamza with a ta,
resulting in a shaddah in the
beginning ‫ءخذ‬ First root letter is a ‫ء‬
Applicable to all root words starting with a ‫ء‬

‫ت‬
ٌ‫ُم ْلؤت َ َخذ‬ ُ‫اِ ْءت َ ِخ ْذ ال تَئْت َ ِخذ‬
ٌ‫ُمت َخذ‬ ُ‫ال تَت ِخذ‬ ‫اِت ِخ ْذ‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 9
What hue shall I

ّ
paint my words
with?

only, shaddah at the end.

11 times in the Quran for
black, , and .
Hamar the poet No passives.
 fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ُم ْح َم ٌر‬ ‫اِ ْح َمرارا‬ ‫يَ ْح َمر‬ ‫ا َ ْح َمر‬

turning red He turns red He turned red
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

No Passives ‫اِ ْح َمرارا‬ No Passives No Passives

turning red

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ال تَ ْح َمر ال تَ ْح َم ِر‬

‫ُم ْح َمر‬ ‫ال تَ ْح َم ِر ْر‬
‫ا ِْح َمر اَ ْح َم ِر ا ِْح َم ِر ْر‬
Don’t turn red! Turn red!
 Visual Clues

FORM 10
‫اِ ْست َفَ َر‬
_ist family

Ustadha Istana ‫ست‬

ْ ِ‫ا‬
 Word Pattern for
fi’l fi’l
Person Present Past ES
The Idea
with the Job Tense Fi’l Tense Fi’l
present past

‫ُم ْست َ ْغ ِف ٌر‬ ‫اِ ْستِ ْغفارا‬ ‫يَ ْست َ ْغ ِف ُر‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْغفَ َر‬
forgiveness He seeks forgiveness He sought forgiveness
Passive form Passive form

Present Past fi’l

fi’l
Recipient The Idea Passive Oo…
Passive
Oooo…

Fi’l present
Fi’l past

‫ُم ْست َ ْغفَ ٌر‬ ‫اِ ْستِ ْغفارا‬ ‫يُ ْست َ ْغفَ ُر‬ ‫ا ُ ْست ُ ْغ ِف َر‬
forgiveness

Time and Forbidding Commanding

Place
Command

‫ُم ْست َ ْغفَ ٌر‬ ‫ال ت َ ْست َ ْغ ِف ْر‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْغ ِف ْر‬
Don’t seek forgiveness! Seek forgiveness!
 ‫‪Word Markers for‬‬
‫اِ ْس ِت ْفعال‬ ‫‪_ist family.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ت ّْ ِّ ُّ‬
‫يَ ْس َ‬ ‫ت ّْ َّ َّ‬
‫اِ ْس َ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ت ّْ َّ ُّ‬ ‫ا ُ ْس ُ‬
‫ت ّْ ِّ َّ‬
‫‪Oo‬‬

‫يُ ْس َ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ت ّْ ِّ ّْ‬
‫ال ت َ ْس َ‬ ‫ت ّْ ِّ ّْ‬
‫اِ ْس َ‬
 ‫‪Word Markers for‬‬
‫اِ ْس ِت ْفعال‬ ‫‪_ist family.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ت ّْ ِّ ٌّ‬
‫ُم ْس َ‬ ‫ا ُّ‬ ‫ت ّْ‬
‫اِ ْس ِ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ت ّْ َّ ٌّ‬
‫ُم ْس َ‬ ‫ا ُّ‬ ‫ت ّْ‬
‫اِ ْس ِ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ت ّْ َّ ٌّ‬
‫ُم ْس َ‬
 Learning Objectives
Sarf Mujarrad

Be able to recognise if a word is from

Family 1 ‫ ُمج َرد‬and what kind of word
it is.
 3 root letters
Past tense has a
Past tense has a fathah on Past tense has a kasrah dhammah on the
the middle root letter. on the middle root letter. middle root letter

a open
d f
heard honoured
‫فَت َ َح يَ ْفت َ ُح‬ ‫س ِم َع يَ ْس َم ُع‬
َ ‫َك ُر َم يَ ْك ُر ُم‬

b hit
Always Intransitive
Action Always Affect Doer

‫ب‬
ُ ‫ض ِر‬
ْ َ‫ب ي‬
َ ‫ض َر‬
َ e
assume
c help
‫ب‬
ُ ‫ب يَ ْح ِس‬
َ ‫َح ِس‬
ُ ‫ص َر يَ ْن‬
‫ص ُر‬ َ َ‫ن‬
 Visual Clues

َّ ِّ ُّ
fathah kasrah

Harakah on middle root letter

dhammah
 Visual Clues

FORM 1

‫فَع َل‬
The harakah on the middle root letter
depends
on the small family that the word is in.
 Word Markers for
The harakah on the middle root letter
depends
on the small family that the word is in.

2 1 No set pattern. Look it up in a dictionary.

rhymes with
‫فا ِعل‬
4a 3
ٌّ َّ ّْ ‫َم‬ rhymes with
‫َم ْفعُول‬
4c 4b
ٌ ‫َم ّْ َّ َّ ة‬ ٌّ ِّ ّْ ‫َم‬
 Word Markers for
The harakah on the middle root letter
depends
on the small family that the word is in.

2 1
ُّ ّْ ‫ي‬
َ َّ َّ
4 3
ُّ َّ ّْ ‫ي‬ َّ ِّ ُّ
Oo

ُ
6 5
ّْ ّْ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ال‬ ّْ ّْ ‫ا‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 1 f

‫فَعُ َل‬
Present tense and past tense has a

‫َك ُر َم يَ ْك ُر ُم‬
dhammah on the middle root letter.
No passives.
Ism Faail has a different word pattern.
 Word Markers for
‫َك ُر َم يَ رك ُر ُم‬
2 1 No set pattern. Look it up in a dictionary.

rhymes with
‫َك ِر ْي ٌم‬
4a 3
ٌّ َّ ّْ ‫َم‬
Always Intransitive
Action Always Affect Doer

4c 4b
ٌ ‫َم ّْ َّ َّ ة‬ ٌّ ِّ ّْ ‫َم‬
 Word Markers for
‫َك ُر َم يَ رك ُر ُم‬
2 1
ُّ ّْ ‫ي‬
َ َّ َّ
4 3
Always Intransitive Oo Always Intransitive
Action Always Affect Doer Action Always Affect Doer

6 5
ّْ ّْ ‫ت‬
َ ‫ال‬ ّْ ّْ ُ ‫ا‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 1 a

‫يَ ْفت َ ُح‬ ‫فَت َ َح‬

 Visual Clues

FORM 1 b

‫ب‬
ُ ‫ض ِر‬
ْ َ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬
َ ‫ض َر‬
َ
 Visual Clues

FORM 1 c

ُ ‫يَ ْن‬
‫ص ُر‬ َ َ‫ن‬
‫ص َر‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 1 d

‫يَ ْس َم ُع‬ ‫س ِم َع‬

َ
 Visual Clues

FORM 1 e

‫ب‬
ُ ‫يَ ْح ِس‬ ‫ب‬
َ ‫َح ِس‬
 Visual Clues

FORM 1 f

‫يَ ْك ُر ُم‬ ‫َك ُر َم‬

 Masdr

Present Tense

character
Past Tense
meaning
 Past tense starts with extra hamza.
Shaddah in the middle root letter, Long alif sound, 2 masdrs. Present tense starts with a dhammah.
Present tense starts with a dhammah Present tense starts with a dhammah Command has special helper hamza.
 ‫ت َ ْجويدا‬
‫يُ َج ِو ُد‬
‫َجو َد‬
‫‪To perfect‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْحويال‬
‫يُ َح ِو ُل‬
‫َحو َل‬
‫‪To change‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْدميرا‬
‫يُ َد ِم ُر‬

To destroy completely
‫َدم َر‬
 ‫ت َ ْز ِيينا‬
‫يُزَ ِي ُن‬
‫زَ ي َن‬
‫‪To beautify‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْسخيرا‬
‫س ِخ ُر‬
‫يُ َ‬
‫سخ َر‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To subdue‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْسليما‬
‫س ِل ُم‬
َ ُ‫ي‬

To give greetings of peace

‫سل َم‬
َ
 ‫ت َ ْعذيبا‬
‫ب‬
‫يُعَ ِذ ُ‬
‫ب‬
‫عذ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To punish‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْعليما‬
‫يُعَ ِل ُم‬
‫عل َم‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To teach‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْفسيرا‬
‫يُفَ ِس ُر‬
‫فَس َر‬
‫‪To explain‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْفضيال‬
ِ َ‫يُف‬
‫ض ُل‬
‫فَض َل‬
To favour/prefer
 ‫ت َ ْق ِريبا‬
‫يُقَ ِر ُ‬
‫ب‬

‫‪To bring close‬‬

‫قَر َ‬
‫ب‬
 ‫ت َ ْك ِبيرا‬
‫يُ َك ِب ُر‬
‫َكب َر‬
To declare great
 ‫ت َ ْك ِذيبا‬
‫يُ َك ِذ ُ‬
‫ب‬

‫‪To reject/deny‬‬
‫َكذ َ‬
‫ب‬
 ‫ت َ ْكليما‬
‫يُ َك ِل ُم‬
‫َكل َم‬
‫‪To speak‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْمكينا‬
‫يُ َم ِك ُن‬

To establish in a place
‫َمك َن‬
 ‫ت َ ْنبيءا‬
‫يُنَ ِ‬
‫ب ُء‬
‫نَب َء‬
‫‪To inform‬‬
 ‫ت َ ْن ِزيال‬
‫يُنَ ِز ُل‬
‫نَز َل‬
‫‪To send down‬‬
 ‫ِءخَاذا‬
‫و‬
She did it!

‫ُم َءا َخ َذة‬

ُ‫ءاخذ‬
ِ ‫ي‬ ُ
‫ءا َخ َذ‬
To hold account
 ‫ِبراكا‬
‫و‬

‫بار َكة‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫بار ُك‬
‫يُ ِ‬
‫بار َك‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To bless‬‬
 ‫ِجداال‬
‫و‬

‫ُمجا َدلَة‬

‫يُجا ِد ُل‬
‫جا َد َل‬
‫‪To argue with‬‬
 ‫ِجهادا‬
‫و‬

‫ُمجا َه َدة‬

‫يُجا ِه ُد‬
‫َجا َه َد‬
‫‪To struggle‬‬
 ‫ِجوازا‬
‫و‬

‫جاوزَ ة‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫يُجا ِو ُز‬
‫جاوزَ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To cross‬‬
 ‫ِحسابا‬
‫و‬

‫سبَة‬
‫ُم َحا َ‬
‫ب‬
‫يُ َحا ِس ُ‬

‫ب‬
‫س َ‬
‫َحا َ‬
‫‪To take account‬‬
 ‫ِحوارا‬
‫و‬

‫حاو َرة‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫يُ َحا ِو ُر‬
‫َح َاو َر‬
‫‪To converse with‬‬
 ‫ِخطابا‬
‫و‬
‫ُمخا َ‬
‫طبَة‬

‫ب‬
‫َاط ُ‬
‫يُخ ِ‬
‫ب‬ ‫َ‬
‫خَا َ‬
‫ط‬
‫‪To address‬‬
 ‫ِسراعا‬
‫و‬

‫عة‬
‫سار َ‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫ع‬
‫سار ُ‬
‫يُ ِ‬
‫ع‬
‫سار َ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To race‬‬
 ‫ِشراكا‬
‫و‬

‫شار َكة‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫شار ُك‬
‫يُ ِ‬
‫شار َك‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To make partner‬‬
 ‫ِشوارا‬
‫و‬

‫شاو َرة‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫يُشا ِو ُر‬
‫شاو َر‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To consult‬‬
 ‫صبارا‬
‫ِ‬
‫و‬

‫ُمصابَ َرة‬

‫يُصا ِب ُر‬
‫صابَ َر‬
‫‪To persevere‬‬
 ‫ضعافا‬
‫ِ‬
‫و‬

‫عفَة‬
‫ُمضا َ‬
‫ف‬
‫يُضا ِع ُ‬

‫ف‬
‫ع َ‬
‫ضا َ‬
‫‪To multiply‬‬
 ‫فِراقا‬
‫و‬

‫فارقَة‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫فار ُق‬
‫يُ ِ‬
‫فار َق‬
‫َ‬
‫‪To separate from‬‬
 ‫قِتاال‬
‫و‬

‫ُمقاتَلَة‬

‫يُقا ِت ُل‬
‫قات َ َل‬
‫‪To fight‬‬
 ‫قِساما‬
‫و‬

‫س َمة‬
‫ُمقا َ‬

‫يُقا ِس ُم‬
‫س َم‬
‫قا َ‬
‫‪To promise‬‬
 ‫نِفاقا‬
‫و‬

‫ُمنافَقَة‬

‫يُنا ِف ُق‬
‫نافَ َق‬
‫‪To be a hypocrite‬‬
 ‫ِهجارا‬
‫و‬

‫ُمها َج َرة‬

‫هاج ُر‬
‫يُ ِ‬
‫ها َج َر‬
‫‪To migrate‬‬
 ‫ِوعادا‬
‫و‬

‫ع َدة‬
‫ُموا َ‬

‫يُوا ِع ُد‬
‫ع َد‬
‫وا َ‬
‫‪To promise‬‬
 ‫ِإيمانا‬
‫يُ ْلؤ ِم ُن‬
‫آ َم َن‬
To believe/have faith
 ‫سانا‬
‫ِإ ْح َ‬
‫يُ ْح ِس ُن‬
‫س َن‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ ْ َ‬
‫ح‬
‫‪To excel‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْخراجا‬

‫يُ ْخ ِر ُج‬
‫أ َ ْخ َر َج‬
To expel/kick out
 ‫ِإ ْرساال‬
‫يُ ْر ِس ُل‬
‫س َل‬ ‫َ‬
‫أْ َ‬
‫ر‬
‫‪To send‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْشراكا‬
‫يُ ْش ِر ُك‬
ْ
‫أش َر َك‬َ
To associate partners
 ‫ِإ ْش َهادا‬
‫يُ ْش ِه ُد‬
‫أ َ ْش َه َد‬
To make a witness
 ‫صباحا‬
ْ ‫ِإ‬

‫ص ِب ُح‬
ْ ُ‫ي‬
‫صبَ َح‬ َ
ْ ‫أ‬
To become,
be in the morning
 ‫صالحا‬
‫ِإ ْ‬

‫ص ِل ُح‬
‫يُ ْ‬
‫صلَ َح‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ ْ‬
‫‪To be righteous‬‬
 ‫ْ‬
‫ِإطعاما‬
‫يُ ْ‬
‫ط ِع ُم‬
‫ْ‬
‫أَطعَ َم‬
‫‪To feed‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْعجابا‬
‫ب‬
‫يُ ْع ِج ُ‬
‫ب‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ ْ َ َ‬
‫ج‬ ‫ع‬
‫‪To impress‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْعراضا‬

‫ض‬
ُ ‫يُ ْع ِر‬
‫ض‬
َ َ ‫أ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ع‬
ْ َ
To ignore/turn away
 ‫ِإ ْفراغا‬
‫يُ ْف ِر ُ‬
‫غ‬
‫أ َ ْف َر َ‬
‫غ‬
‫‪To pour, empty‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْفسادا‬
‫يُ ْف ِس ُد‬
‫س َد‬ ْ
َ ‫أ‬
‫ف‬ َ
To spread corruption
 ‫ِإ ْكراها‬
‫يُ ْك ِر ُه‬
‫أ َ ْك َر َه‬
‫‪To force‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْمطارا‬

‫يُ ْم ِط ُر‬
َ ‫أ َ ْم‬
‫ط َر‬
To pelt, rain down on
 ‫ِإ ْنباتا‬
‫يُ ْن ِب ُ‬
‫ت‬
‫ت‬
‫أ َ َ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪To make grow‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْنذارا‬
‫يُ ْن ِذ ُر‬
‫أ َ ْن َذ َر‬
‫‪To warn‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْنزاال‬
‫يُ ْن ِز ُل‬
‫أ َ ْنزَ َل‬
‫‪To send down‬‬
 ‫ِإ ْنفاقا‬
‫يُ ْن ِف ُق‬
‫أ َ ْنفَ َق‬
‫‪To spend‬‬
Extra ta before first root letter. Extra ta before first root letter.
Shaddah on second root letter. Long alif after first root letter.
Likes the fathah (“a”) sound. Likes the fathah (“a”) sound.
 ‫تَأَخرا‬
‫يَت َأَخ ُر‬
‫تَأ َخ َر‬
‫‪To be delayed‬‬
 ‫تَبَدال‬
‫يَت َبد ُل‬
‫تَبَد َل‬
‫‪To change‬‬
 ‫تَبَرءا‬
ُ ‫يَت َبَرأ‬
َ ‫تَبَرأ‬
To disassociate from
 ‫تَبَوءا‬
ُ ‫يَت َبَوأ‬
َ ‫تَبَوأ‬
To settle in a place
 ‫تَبَينا‬
‫يَت َبَي ُن‬

To make clear/verify
‫تَبَي َن‬
 ‫ت َ َدبرا‬
‫يَت َ َدب ُر‬
‫ت َ َدب َر‬
‫‪To ponder‬‬
 ‫ت َ َذكرا‬
‫يَت َ َذك ُر‬

To remember/recall
‫ت َ َذك َر‬
 ‫ت َ َربصا‬
‫يَت َ َرب ُ‬
‫ص‬

‫‪To wait‬‬
‫ت َ َرب َ‬
‫ص‬
 َ َ‫ت‬
‫صدقا‬
Donate
‫صد ُق‬
َ َ ‫يَت‬

To give charity
َ َ‫ت‬
‫صد َق‬
 َ َ‫ت‬
‫طهرا‬
َ َ ‫يَت‬
‫طه ُر‬
َ َ‫ت‬
‫طه َر‬
To purify oneself
 ‫تَعَلما‬
‫يَت َعَل ُم‬
‫تَعَل َم‬
‫‪To learn‬‬
 ‫تَفَرقا‬
‫يَتَفَر ُق‬
‫تَفَر َق‬
‫‪To separate‬‬
 ‫تَفَكرا‬
‫يَت َفَك ُر‬
‫تَفَك َر‬
‫‪To think‬‬
 ‫تَقَبال‬
‫يَت َقَب ُل‬
‫تَقَب َل‬
‫‪To accept from‬‬
 ‫تَقَدما‬
‫يَت َقَد ُم‬
‫تَقَد َم‬
‫‪To be advanced‬‬
 ‫تَقَطعا‬
‫يَت َقَط ُع‬
‫تَقَط َع‬
‫‪To cut‬‬
 ‫ت َ َكبرا‬
‫يَت َ َكب ُر‬
‫ت َ َكب َر‬
‫‪To be arrogant‬‬
 ‫ت َ َكلما‬
‫يَت َ َكل ُم‬
‫ت َ َكل َم‬
‫‪To speak‬‬
 ‫ت َ َمثال‬
‫يَت َ َمث ُل‬
‫ت َ َمث َل‬
‫‪To appear as‬‬
 ‫ت َ َوكال‬
‫يَت َ َوك ُل‬
‫ت َ َوك َل‬
‫‪To rely on‬‬
 ‫تَ ُ‬
‫باركا‬

‫يَتَب َ‬
‫ار ُك‬

‫‪To be exalted‬‬
‫تَبَ َ‬
‫ار َك‬
 ‫تَتابُعا‬
‫يَت َتابَ ُع‬

To follow each other

‫تَتابَ َع‬
 ‫تَجانُفا‬
‫يَتَجان ُ‬
‫َف‬

‫‪To incline towards‬‬

‫تَجانَ َ‬
‫ف‬
 ُ َ‫ت‬
‫حاورا‬
‫يَتَح َاو ُر‬
‫حاو َر‬
َ َ ‫ت‬
To converse with
one another
 ُ ‫تَخا‬
‫صما‬

َ ‫يَتَخا‬
‫ص ُم‬

To argue with
َ ‫تَخا‬
‫ص َم‬
one another
 ‫تَخافُتا‬
ُ َ‫يَتَخاف‬
‫ت‬

To consult one
َ َ‫تَخاف‬
‫ت‬
another secretly
 ‫تَرا ُجعا‬
‫يَتَرا َج ُع‬
‫تَرا َج َع‬
To return to one
another
 ‫?‬ ‫?‬
‫?‬
‫?‬ ‫?‬
‫?‬
‫?‬
‫?‬
‫تَسا ُءال‬
‫يَتَسا َء ُل‬

‫‪To ask one another‬‬

‫تَسا َء َل‬
 ‫تَشابُها‬
ُ‫يَتَشابَه‬

To be like one
َ‫تَشابَه‬
another
 ُ َ‫ت‬
‫شاورا‬
‫يَتَش َاو ُر‬
‫شاو َر‬
َ َ ‫ت‬
To consult one
another
 ‫تَظا ُهرا‬
‫يَتَظا َه ُر‬
‫تَظا َه َر‬
To support one
another
 ُ َ‫ت‬
‫عارفا‬
ُ ‫يَتَعا َر‬
‫ف‬

To recognise one
‫ف‬ َ َ‫ت‬
َ ‫عار‬
another
 ُ ‫تَعا‬
‫سرا‬
َ ‫يَتَعا‬
‫س ُر‬

To disagree with one

َ ‫تَعا‬
‫س َر‬
another
 ‫تَغابُنا‬
‫يَتَغابَ ُن‬

Mutual loss and gain

‫تَغابَ َن‬
 ‫تَغا ُمزا‬
‫يَتَغا َم ُز‬

To wink at one
َ‫تَغا َمز‬
another
 ُ َ‫ت‬
‫فاوتا‬
ُ ‫يَتَف َاو‬
‫ت‬

To differ, be
َ ‫تَفا َ َو‬
‫ت‬
dissimilar
 ‫تَقابُال‬
‫يَت َقابَ ُل‬

‫‪To face one another‬‬

‫تَقابَ َل‬
 ُ َ‫ت‬
‫الوما‬
‫الو ُم‬
َ َ ‫ت‬َ ‫ي‬
‫الو َم‬
َ َ ‫ت‬
To blame one another
 ُ َ‫ت‬
‫نازعا‬
ُ َ‫يَتَناز‬
‫ع‬

To argue with one

َ َ‫تَناز‬
‫ع‬
another
 ‫تَنافُسا‬
‫يَتَنافَ ُ‬
‫س‬
‫َ‬
‫تَناف َ‬
‫س‬
‫‪To race one another‬‬
Extra noon before first root letter.
No passives. Extra ta after the first root letter.
 ‫اِ ْن ِبجاسا‬

‫يَ ْنبَ ِج ُ‬
‫س‬

‫اِ َ َ‬
‫س‬ ‫ج‬‫َ‬ ‫ب‬‫ن‬‫ْ‬
‫‪To burst forth‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِبعاثا‬
‫يَ ْنبَ ِع ُ‬
‫ث‬
‫اِ ْنبَعَ َ‬
‫ث‬
‫‪To be sent‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِطالقا‬
‫يَ ْن َ‬
‫ط ِل ُق‬
‫اِ ْن َ‬
‫طلَ َق‬
‫‪To set out‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِفجارا‬
‫يَ ْنفَ ِج ُر‬
‫اِ ْنفَ َج َر‬
‫‪To burst forth‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِفطارا‬

‫يَ ْنفَ ِط ُر‬

‫اِ ْنفَ َ‬
‫ط َر‬
‫‪To be torn apart‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِقعارا‬
‫يَ ْنقَ ِع ُر‬
‫اِ ْنقَعَ َر‬
‫‪To be uprooted‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِقالبا‬
‫يَ ْنقَ ِل ُ‬
‫ب‬
‫َ‬
‫اِ ْنقَل َ‬
‫ب‬
‫‪To turn back‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِهمارا‬
‫يَ ْن َه ِم ُر‬
‫اِ ْن َه َم َر‬
‫‪To pour down‬‬
 ‫اِ ِتخاذا‬
‫يَت ِخذُ‬
‫اِت َخ َذ‬
‫‪To take‬‬
 ‫اِ ِتباعا‬
‫يَت ِب ُع‬
‫اِتبَ َع‬
‫‪To follow‬‬
 ‫اِ ْخ ِتالطا‬

‫يَ ْخت َ ِل ُ‬
‫ط‬
‫اِ ْخت َلَ َ‬
‫ط‬
‫‪To mix‬‬
 ‫اِ ْخ ِتالفا‬
‫يَ ْخت َ ِل ُ‬
‫ف‬
‫ف‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ل‬‫َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ْ‬
‫خ‬ ‫اِ‬
‫‪To differ‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِتباقا‬
‫يَ ْست َ ِب ُق‬
‫اِ ْست َبَ َق‬
‫‪To race‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِتماعا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ِم ُع‬

‫اِ ْست َ َم َع‬
‫‪To listen‬‬
 ‫اِ ْع ِترافا‬

‫يَ ْعت َ ِر ُ‬
‫ف‬

‫‪To recognise‬‬
‫اِ ْعت َ َر َ‬
‫ف‬
 ‫اِ ْعتِزاال‬

‫يَ ْعت َ ِز ُل‬

‫اِ ْعت َزَ َل‬
‫‪To leave someone‬‬
 ‫اِ ْعتِصاما‬

‫يَ ْعت َ ِ‬
‫ص ُم‬

‫‪To hold firmly‬‬

‫اِ ْعت َ َ‬
‫ص َم‬
 ‫اِ ْع ِتمارا‬

‫يَ ْعت َ ِم ُر‬

‫اِ ْعت َ َم َر‬
‫‪To do umrah‬‬
 ‫اِ ْغ ِترافا‬
‫يَ ْغت َ ِر ُ‬
‫ف‬
‫ف‬ ‫ر‬‫َ‬
‫اِ َ َ‬
‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ْ‬
‫‪To scoop‬‬
 ‫اِ ْق ِتدارا‬
‫يَ ْقت َ ِد ُر‬

‫‪To have power over‬‬

‫اِ ْقت َ َد َر‬
 ‫اِ ْق ِتتاال‬
‫يَ ْقت َ ِت ُل‬
‫اِ ْقت َت َ َل‬
‫‪To fight‬‬
 ‫اِ ْك ِتسابا‬
‫يَ ْكت َ ِس ُ‬
‫ب‬
‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫َ‬
‫اِ َ َ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ك‬
‫‪To earn‬‬
 ‫ْ‬
‫اِل ِتحادا‬
‫ْ‬
‫يَلت َ ِح ُد‬
‫ْ‬
‫اِلت َ َح َد‬
‫‪To seek refuge‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِتباذا‬
‫يَ ْنت َ ِبذُ‬

‫‪To withdraw from‬‬

‫اِ ْنت َبَ َذ‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِتشارا‬

‫يَ ْنت َ ِش ُر‬

‫اِ ْنت َ َ‬
‫ش َر‬
‫‪To spread out‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِتصارا‬

‫ص ُر‬ ‫َ‬
‫يَ ِ‬‫ت‬‫ن‬‫ْ‬

‫ص َر‬ ‫َ‬
‫اِ َ‬‫ت‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬
‫‪To help‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِتظارا‬

‫يَ ْنت َ ِظ ُر‬

‫اِ ْنت َ َ‬
‫ظ َر‬
‫‪To wait‬‬
 ‫اِ ْن ِتقاما‬
‫يَ ْنت َ ِق ُم‬

To punish/seek
‫اِ ْنت َقَ َم‬
vengeance
Colour family.
Shaddah at the end. _ist family
‫اِ ْب ِيضاضا‬

‫يَ ْبيَض‬
‫اِ ْبيَض‬
 ‫اِ ْخ ِ‬
‫ضرارا‬

‫يَ ْخ َ‬
‫ضر‬
‫ضر‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اِ َ‬
‫خ‬
 ‫اِ ْ‬
‫ص ِفرارا‬

‫صفَر‬
‫يَ ْ‬
‫صفَر‬
‫اِ ْ‬
‫اِ ْس ِودادا‬

‫يَ ْس َود‬
‫اِ ْس َود‬
 ‫ا َ ْس ِ‬
‫ت ْءجارا‬

‫ت ْء ِج ُر‬
‫يَ ْس َ‬

‫اِ ْس ِ‬
‫ت ْء َج َر‬
‫‪To hire‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِ‬
‫ت ْءذانا‬

‫ت ْء ِذ ُن‬
‫يَ ْس َ‬

‫ت ْء َذ َن‬
‫اِ ْس َ‬
‫‪To seek permission‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِتبْداال‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْب ِد ُل‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْب َد َل‬

‫‪To change‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْبشارا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْب ِش ُر‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْب َ‬
‫ش َر‬
‫‪To be happy‬‬
 ‫اِ ْستِ ْخ َالفا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْخ ِل ُ‬
‫ف‬

‫ف‬‫َ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ْ‬

‫اِ ْست َ َ‬
‫خ‬
‫‪To cause to succeed‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْشهادا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْش ِه ُد‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْش َه َد‬

‫‪To seek a witness‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْ‬
‫ضعافا‬

‫ف‬ ‫يَ ْست َ ْ‬

‫ض ِع ُ‬

‫ف‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْ‬

‫ضع َ َ‬
‫‪To deem one weak‬‬
 ‫اِ ْستِ ْ‬
‫طعاما‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْ‬
‫ط ِع ُم‬
‫اِ ْست َ ْ‬
‫طعَ َم‬
‫‪To ask for food‬‬
 ‫اِ ْستِ ْعجاال‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْع ِج ُل‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْع َج َل‬

‫‪To speed something up‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْعمارا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْع ِم ُر‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْع َم َر‬

To settle someone
somewhere
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْغفارا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْغ ِف ُر‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْغفَ َر‬

‫‪To seek forgiveness‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْفتاحا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْف ِت ُح‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْفت َ َح‬

‫‪To seek victory‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْقداما‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْق ِد ُم‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْق َد َم‬

‫‪To bring forward‬‬
 ‫اِ ْستِ ْكبارا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْك ِب ُر‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْكبَ َر‬
‫‪To be arrogant‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ْكثارا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْك ِث ُر‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْكث َ َر‬
‫‪To acquire more‬‬
 ‫اِ ْستِ ْمتاعا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْم ِت ُع‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْمت َ َع‬
‫‪To enjoy‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْمساكا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْم ِس ُك‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْم َ‬
‫س َك‬
‫‪To hold‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْنصارا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْن ِ‬
‫ص ُر‬

‫ص َر‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اِ ْست َ َ‬
‫ن‬
‫‪To ask for help‬‬
 ‫اِ ْس ِت ْنكافا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْن ِك ُ‬
‫ف‬

‫ف‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ك‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ن‬ ‫اِ ْست َ‬
‫‪To be ashamed of‬‬
 ‫اِ ْستِ ْيءاسا‬

‫يَ ْست َ ْي ِء ُ‬
‫س‬

‫اِ ْست َ ْي َء َ‬
‫س‬
‫‪To despair, give up‬‬
‫‪hope‬‬
 Learning Objectives
Sarf
For any given word, be able to look
up the meaning in Lane’s Lexicon,
Hans Wehr or Brill.
 Arabic Dictionaries

Arabic English Lexicon Arabic-English Dictionary Dictionary of Quranic Usage

E.W Lane The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Elsaid M Badawi
Volumes 1-2 (Compact Edition) Written Arabic Muhammad Abdel Haleem
The Islamic Texts Society Hans Wehr Brill
 How Identify the root letters of the word
to
Look
Up Go to Dictionary Website
Words www.ejtaal.net/aa

Listen to
Click on search. Type in root letters.
the Ninja!

Scroll down, select dictionary type and entry relevant to Sarf Form
Tip 1: If there is a hamza
(Form 1 will appear first, followed by 2 and so forth) in the root letter, please
search it using an alif.

Tip 2: If the last two root

Ninja Tips
letters are the same, only
Masdr = Infinite Noun
put the first two root letters

Aoris = Harakah on middle root letter of Form 1’s Present Tense Fi’l

Entries that do not belong to any Sarf Forms will be listed at the end of the entry.
 Root letters
Family/Form
Masdr
(Infinite Noun)

Past Tense Present Tense

Harakah on middle root letter

ُ ‫يَ ْعن‬
‫َت‬

Lane’s Lexicon
 Past Tense

Root letters

Masdr Family/Form
(Infinite Noun) Note: Start of a new Form.
First entry listed belongs
to Form 1.

Present Tense
Harakah on middle root letter

ُ ‫يَ ْعن‬
‫َت‬

Hans wehr
 Past Tense

Masdr
(Infinite Noun)

BRILL
 Using the as the
‫مصدر‬ ‫مفعول مطلق‬

DETAILS

Masdr

The is used to describe the intensity or add meaning to the action.

 Same Family Different Families

1 2

The Mafool Mutlaq tells you The Mafool Mutlaq has of

to what extent the action takes place both the Masdr and the one carried by the Fi’l.