Three Kinds of Words in Arabic

There are three kinds of words in Arabic:

1) Ism: The name of a person, place, thing, idea, adjective,

adverb and more.

2) Fi’l: A word that has a tense (past, present or future)

3) Harf: A word that makes no sense unless another word

comes after it.

Write the alternative definitions for these words below:

1) Ism: has a meaning, unattached to time; not a fi’l or harf

2) Fi’l: has a meaning, attached to time; not an ism or harf

3) Harf: has no meaning on its own; not an ism or harf

Identify whether the words in the table below are isms, fi’ls or harfs.

table Ism cats Ism in harf

Dallas Ism of harf loudly Ism
Jumps fi’l peace Ism tall Ism
from harf slept fi’l soundly Ism
on harf freedom Ism red Ism
a harf Makkah Ism mother Ism
at harf students Ism rollercoaster Ism
cake Ism typing Ism/Fi’l house Ism
country Ism America Ism smiles fi’l

1
Every ism has four properties.

Write the four properties of the ism here

(1) Status (2) Number (3) Gender (4) Type

Three Forms of Status

ُ ْ
(SUBJECT) Doer of the act: ‫ َﻣْﺮﻓْﻮع‬/ ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬Raf (R)

ْ ْ َ
(OBJECT) Detail of the act: ‫ َﻣﻨُﺼْﻮب‬/ ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬Nasb (N)

َْ
(POSSESSIVE) Word after ‘of’: ‫ ﻣُﺮْور‬/ ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬Jarr (J)

Examples:
R N
A teacher entered the classroom.

R J N
A student of his was sleeping soundly.

R N
The teacher threw a pencil.

J R N
The teacher’s student woke up suddenly.

2
Three forms of status. Place an R, N, or J over the highlighted words.

N
1) My teacher drinks chocolate milk regularly.

R
2) He doesn’t like vegetables or fruits.

3) He buys his chocolate milk happily.

4) He knows his children like it, but he doesn’t share.

J N

5) My teacher also likes yummy shawarmas.

6) His students also like shawarmas.

N
7) He buys shawarmas for his class sometimes.

8) My teacher loses his phone often.

9) My teacher patiently explains hard concepts.

10) May Allah (swt) forgive my teachers.

3
 How To Tell Status
ْ
‫ َرﻓﻊ‬Raf’ Recognition:

◌
ُ (u) or ◌ٌ (un) ending for singular

‫( ا‬aa) or ‫( اِن‬aani) ending for pair

َ
‫( و‬oo) or ‫( ون‬oona) ending for plural
ُ ٌ
‫( آت‬aatu) or ‫( آت‬aatun) ending for plural feminine
ْ َ
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬Nasb Recognition:

◌َ (a) or ◌ً (an) ending for singular

‫◌ْي‬َ (ay) or‫(َ◌ﻳِْﻦ‬ayni) ending for pair

‫◌ْي‬ َ ‫(◌ْﻓ‬eena)
ِ (ee) or ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ending for plural

‫( آِت‬aati) or ‫( آٍت‬aatin) ending for plural feminine

‫ َﺟّﺮ‬Jarr Recognition:

◌ِ (i) or ◌ٍ (in) ending for singular

‫◌ْي‬َ (ay) or‫(َ◌ﻳِْﻦ‬ayni) ending for pair

‫◌ْي‬ َ ‫(◌ْﻓ‬eena)
ِ (ee) or ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ending for plural

‫( آِت‬aati) or ‫( آٍت‬aatin) ending for plural feminine

4
Write the status (raf, nasb or jarr) of the words below. Indicate if the status is
determined by ending sound or ending combination.
Word Status Sound/Combo? Word Status Sound/Combo?
ْ
1. ‫ﺎُس‬B‫اﺠ‬ raf’ sound 2. ‫ﻜﺘَﺎَب‬ ِ ‫ اﻟ‬nasb sound
َْ َ ْ ‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ‬
3. ‫ﻏﻔٍﺲ‬ jarr sound 4. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ n/j combo
5. ‫َواِﺣَﺪٍة‬ jarr sound 6. ‫ِﻋَﻮًﺟﺎ‬ nasb sound
َ ْ
7.
َ ‫ا‬
‫ﷲ‬ nasb sound 8. ‫ اﻛَﻨُْﻮن‬raf’ combo
َ ْ ْ ْ
9. ‫اﻟ َﺒِﻴْﺚ‬ nasb sound 10. ‫اﻛَﺤَﺮﻳِْﻦ‬ n/j combo
‫ﺐ‬ ّ‫ﻄﻴ‬B‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬ ‫َﺻﺎِﺑًﺮا‬
11. ِ ِ ِ jarr sound 12. nasb sound
ُ
13. ‫ُﺣْﻮﺑًﺎ‬ nasb sound 14. ‫ﺴِﻔﻴْﻨَﺔ‬B‫اﻟ‬ raf’ sound
َ َُ ْ َْ
15. ‫ﺛﻼث‬ nasb sound 16. ‫اﻷرِض‬ j sound
ًَْ
17. ‫ِﻧﻠﺔ‬ nasb sound 18. ‫َﺻﺎِﻟَﺎٍت‬ n/j combo
ْ َ ٌ َ َ‫ﺑ‬
19. ‫ﻫﻨِﻴﺌًﺎ‬ nasb sound 20. ‫ﺸ‬ raf’ sound
َ َ ْ َْْ ْ
21. ‫اِن‬oِ‫اﻟﻮا‬ raf’ combo 22. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻟﺰﺑ‬ ِ ‫ا‬ n/j combo
َ ْ ُ ََْْ ْ
23. ‫اﻷﻗﺮﺑﻮن‬ raf’ combo 24. ‫ﺑ ُِﺴﻠَﻄﺎٍن‬ jarr sound
ََُْْْ َ ْ ‫ﻜﺌ‬B‫ُﻣﺘ‬
25. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻷﻧﺜﻴ‬ n/j combo 26. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ n/j combo
ْ َ B َْ
27. ‫اﻟُّﺮﺑُُﻊ‬ raf’ sound 28. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟ ﻨ ﺘ‬ n/j combo
ْ َ ً َ
29. ‫ﻓَﻦ‬o ِ ِ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ n/j combo 30. ‫ﻗﺎﺋَِﻤﺔ‬ nasb sound
َ ْ ْ
31. ‫اﻟُﻤﺠِﺮُﻣْﻮن‬ raf’ combo 32. ‫ﺴَﻤﺎَء‬B‫اﻟ‬ nasb sound
ْ
33. ‫ُﻣﻨِﺬِرﻳَْﻦ‬ n/j combo 34. ‫ َﺳَﻤﺎَواٍت‬n/j combo
‫ﻴ‬
َْ َُ
‫ﻴ‬َ ْ ّ‫اﻟ ُْﻤﻀﻠ‬
35. ِ ‫ِﻟﻐﻼﻣ‬ n/j combo 36. ِ ِ n/j combo

5
 ‫‪Status‬‬

‫‪Forms‬‬ ‫‪How to Tell‬‬ ‫‪Light v Heavy‬‬ ‫‪Flexibility‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪MASCULINE‬‬ ‫ﺟْﻊ ‪Plural‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺜ‪B‬ﻨ‪Pair‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد ‪Singular‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َرﻓﻊ ‪Raf‬‬

‫ﻴ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻴ‬

‫ُ ْ َْ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠًﻤﺎ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻧْﺼﺐ ‪Nasb‬‬

‫ﻴ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻴ‬

‫ُ ْ َْ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠٍﻢ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺟّﺮ ‪Jarr‬‬

‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪FEMININE‬‬ ‫ﺟﻊ ‪Plural‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺜ‪B‬ﻨ‪Pair‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد ‪Singular‬‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ ْ ٌَ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎِن‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َرﻓﻊ ‪Raf‬‬

‫ُ ْ ََْ‬ ‫ً‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎٍت‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺘ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻧْﺼﺐ ‪Nasb‬‬

‫ُ ْ ََْ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎٍت‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺘ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤٍﺔ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺟّﺮ ‪Jarr‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪BROKEN PLURAL‬‬ ‫ﺟْﻊ ‪Plural‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺜ‪B‬ﻨ‪Pair‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد ‪Singular‬‬
‫أَﻗَْﻼمٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤﺎِن‬
‫ََ‬ ‫َﻗَﻠﻢٌ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َرﻓﻊ ‪Raf‬‬

‫أَﻗَْﻼﻣﺎً‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫َََْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻗﻠًﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻧْﺼﺐ ‪Nasb‬‬

‫ََْ‬ ‫َََْ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫أﻗﻼٍم‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠٍﻢ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺟّﺮ ‪Jarr‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
 Light vs. Heavy
Normally an ‫ اﺳﻢ‬should be heavy. All the words in the Muslim chart

are heavy.

An ism is made light by removing the extra ‘n’ sound. Do this by:

• Removing the double accent (tanween) OR

• Remove the extra ‫ ن‬at the end of the ism.

NOTE: ‫ ال‬doesn’t like tanween, but an ism with ‫ ال‬isn’t considered light.

The Muslim chart in light form:

Masculine Feminine

ُ ُ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬
َ
ْ ِ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِت‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻤ‬ْ ِ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬

‫ﻤ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠِﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِت‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤِﺔ‬

Identify whether the following words are light (L), heavy (H) or Irrelevant (I).

1. ‫ﻤ‬ْ َ ‫ُﻣَﻌ ِّﻠ‬ L 2. ‫َﻃﺎِﻛَﺎِت‬ L 3. ‫ ﻗِﻤْﻴٌﺺ‬H

َ
4.
َ
‫ ﻗْﻴَﻨﺎ‬L 5.
َ
‫ ﻛَِﻤﺎِت‬L
ً َ َ ْ ً َ
6. ‫َﺳِﻔْﻴَﻨِﺔ‬ L 7. ‫ُرُﺳﻼ‬ H 8. ‫ َرُﺳﻮل‬L 9. ‫ اﻛَُﻨْﻮن‬I 10. ‫ ﻗْﻮﻻ‬H
11. ‫ﻗﻠْﻮٍب‬
ُُ
H 12. ‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎُء‬ L 13.
ُ‫ َأَﺳﺎِﻃْﻴ‬L 14.
َ ُ ُْ
‫ ﻣَﺘِﻠﻔْﻮن‬H 15.
B
‫َﺟَﻬﻨَﻢ‬ L

َ ‫ َﻛَﻮاﻋ‬L َْ ُ
16. ‫َﺣَﺪاﺋَِﻖ‬ L 17. ‫ﺐ‬ ِ 18. ‫ ﻟﻐًﻮا‬H 19. ‫ﺎِﺷَﻄﺎِت‬B‫ اﺠ‬I 20. ‫َﺣِﺪﻳْﺚ‬ L

ًَْ َ َ ْ َُُ ْ َ ‫ِذَرا‬

21. ‫ﺒة‬ ‫ﻟِﻌ‬ H 22. ‫ اﻟُﻤَﺘَﻨﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬I 23. ‫ﻤ‬ْ ِ ِ ‫ َﻇﺎﻟ‬L 24. ‫ﺛﻠﺜﺎ‬ L 25. ‫ﻋ‬ L

7
There are only FOUR reasons for an ism to be light. Write them
below as we learn them:
1) Partly Flexible Isms

2) Mudaaf (‫)ﻣﻀﺎف‬

3) The one being called (‫)اﻟﻨﺎدى‬

4) Absolute Categorical Negation (‫)ﻻ اﺠﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺲ‬

8
 Flexibility

There are three categories of flexibility:

1) Fully flexible
• Most isms are fully flexible.
• Can be heavy or light.
ْ ْ َ
• Can show all statuses (‫َرﻓﻊ‬, ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬, and ‫)َﺟّﺮ‬
• Muslim chart on page 6

2) Non Flexible
• Only have one form.
• Looks the same in all statuses.
• Some words that are non-flexible:
َ ْ ُ َُْ
o Words ending in alif eg: n‫دﻏﻴﺎ ﻣﻮ‬

o Singular and Plural ism mowsool (listed below)

ْ B َB B
‫ﻓَﻦ‬œِ ‫ا‬ ‫اِن‬œ‫*ا‬ ‫ْي‬œ
ِ ‫ا‬
the ones who(m) the two who(m) the one who(m)
ْ ‫ﻻ‬B‫ ا‬/ k
ž ْ ‫ﻻ‬B‫ا‬ B
‫*اﻛَﺎِن‬ ْ B‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ‬
ِ ِ ِ
the ones who(f) the two who(f) the one who(f)
*Partly- ‫َﻣْﻦ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬
flexible
Whoever(m) Whatever(m/f)

oThe singular and the plural pointing words

َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ُ
‫ﻫﺬا‬, ِ‫ﻫِﺬه‬, ‫ﻫُﺆﻻِء‬, ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬, ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ‬, ‫ِٰﺌﻚ‬¤‫أو‬
3) Partly Flexible
• Cannot be heavy and cannot take a kasrah at the end.
ْ ْ َ
• Has two forms: one for ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬and one form for ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬and ‫َﺟّﺮ‬

9
Partly Flexible: A Closer Look

Words that are partly flexible:

• Proper names of places, whether Arab or not
o Exception: names of places spelled with 3 letters
Examples:
How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf
Arab place َB َB ُB
( > 3 letters ) ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬
partly flexible
Non-Arab place
َ َ ُ
( > 3 letters ) ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬ ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬ ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬
partly flexible
ْ ًْ ٌ ْ
Exception: place with only 3 letters,
‫َﻋﺪٍن‬ ‫َﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫َﻋﺪن‬
fully flexible

• Non-Arab Proper names:

o Exception: non-Arab names spelled with 3 letters
o Based on hadith, there are four Arab Prophets. The rest are non-
َُ ٌ ُ ٌ ‫ُﺷَﻌْﻴ‬
Arabs. They are: (1) ‫ﻤٌﺪ‬B‫( ﻣ‬2)‫( َﺻﺎﻟٌِﺢ‬3)‫( ﻫْﻮد‬4)‫ﺐ‬
Examples:
How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf
َُ ً َُ ٌ َُ
Arab name,
fully flexible
‫ﻤٍﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺪا‬B‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬
Non-Arab name,
partly flexible
‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴَْﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴَْﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴُْﻢ‬
ُ ُ ٌ ُ
Exception: Non-Arab name 3 letters,
fully flexible
‫ﻧْﻮٍح‬ ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧْﻮح‬

Are the following words Fully(F), Partly(P), or Non-Flexible(N)?

َ B َ ْ َ ْ ‫َر‬ ْ
1. n‫ ُﻣْﻮ‬N 2. ‫َﺟﻨﺔ‬ F 3. ‫ ﻳُْﻮُﺳﻒ‬P 4. n‫ ِﻋﻴ‬N 5. ‫ﺣﺔ‬ F 6. ‫ ُﺳﻠَﻄﺎن‬F
ُ َُ َ َ
7. ‫ ﻟْﻮط‬F 8. ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬ F 9. ‫ َﺳِﻔْﻴَﻨﺔ‬F 10. ‫ َﺻﺎِﺣﺐ‬F 11. ‫ َﻣْﺴِﺠﺪ‬F 12. ‫ ﻫﺬا‬N
َ َ َ ََ ْ ّ
13. ‫ داﻟﺲ‬P 14. ‫آدم‬ P 15. ‫ ﻗﻠﻢ‬F 16. ‫ ُﻣَﺼْﻴِﻄﺮ‬F 17. ‫ ِﻓْﺮَﻋْﻮن‬P 18. ‫ﻛَﺮى‬œ ِ ‫ا‬N
َ َُْْ N َ
19. ‫ إِْﻃَﻌﺎم‬F 20. ‫ﻳَِﺘْﻴﻢ‬ F 21. ‫ ﻧﺎر‬F 22. ‫ َرُﺳْﻮل‬F 23. k‫اﻷﻧ‬ 24. ‫ ِاﺑِْﺘﻐﺎء‬F
َ ْ ُّ N َ َ
25. ‫ َرّب‬F 26. ‫َﻋﻠﻖ‬ F 27. َٰ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ‬ 28. ‫ إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴﻢ‬P 29. ‫ ﻟَﻬﺐ‬F 30. ‫ أَﺣﺪ‬F

10
 Number
1) Normal masculine plural (Muslim chart)
2) Normal feminine plural (Muslim chart)
3) Human broken plural
4) Non-human broken plural
ٌ َ ٌ َ َ
5) Plural by meaning (Eg: people ‫ﻧﺎس‬, generation ‫ﻗْﺮن‬, nation ‫)ﻗْﻮٌم‬
Broken Plurals
BPs don’t have plural endings like those in the Muslim chart. Broken
plurals have ending sounds. They can only be identified through
vocabulary, otherwise they look singular.

Human Broken Plurals:

َ ٌ ٌ َ َ
• BPs representing intelligent beings. eg: ‫ُﻋﻠَﻤﺂُء‬, ‫ ُرُﺳﻞ‬, ‫َﻣﻼﺋِﻜﺔ‬
• Treated as “she” or what they really are “they”.
Non-Human Broken Plural
ٌ ‫ب َﻣَﺴﺎﺟُﺪ ُﻛُﺘ‬ َ
ٌ ‫ﻛ‬
• BPs representing non-intelligent beings. Eg: ‫ﺐ‬ ِ ِ
ALL non-human plurals (broken or not) are treated as a “she”.

Word Meaning Treatment? Word Meaning Treatment?

َ ُْ
َ ْ ‫ﻜ ّﺬﺑ‬ ٌ
‫آﻳَﺎت‬
the perpetual miraculous
1. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ plural 9. sing, fem
liars signs
َ ْ ٌ َ َ‫ﺑ‬
2. ‫ﻟَﺒﺎل‬ ِ ‫ا‬
the
sing, fem 10. ‫ﺸ‬ a person sing., masc
mountains
ْ
3. ‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ faces sing, fem 11. ‫اﻟ َِﺤْﻴَﻢ‬ hellfire sing, fem
ْ
4. ‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎَء‬ women plural, fem 12. ‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬ the
sing., masc
elephant
َ ‫اْﻛ‬ ُ َْ
5. ‫ﺤﺎُر‬ ِ seas sing, fem 13. ‫اﻷْرض‬ the earth sing, fem
َ ْ ٌ َ ْ َ
6. ‫اﻟُﻤَﺘَﻨﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬ those who
plural, masc 14. ‫أﻗﻤﺎل‬ deeds sing, fem
race/compete
ُْ َُ َ َْ
7. ‫اﻟﻘُﺒْﻮِر‬ the graves sing, fem 15. ‫ﻜﺔ‬ ِ‫ اﻟﻤﻼﺋ‬the angels plural, masc
ُ ْ َْ ُ َ
8. ‫ا َﻛﻴَِّﻨﺔ‬ clear proof sing, fem 16. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫رﺟﻠ‬ two men dual, masc.

11
FEMININE BECAUSE THE ARABS SAID SO…

During a ‫َﺣْﺮب‬, a soldier was daydreaming looking up at the ‫ َﺳَﻤﺂء‬until

َ
the ‫ ﺷْﻤﺲ‬came up. When he snapped out of it, he realized he was the

َْ َ
only ‫ ﻏﻔﺲ‬left on the battlefield. He was surrounded by ‫ ﻧﺎر‬so he used a

َْ َ
‫ دﻟﻮ‬full of water to make a ‫ َﺳِﺒﻴْﻞ‬and a ‫ َﻃِﺮﻳْﻖ‬all the way to safer ‫أْرض‬. In

ْ
the hot blowing ‫ ِرﻳْﺢ‬he was desperately looking for a ‫ ِﺑﺌ‬to draw water

َ َْ
from. In his search, he found an empty ‫ دار‬inside which he finds a ‫ﻛﺄس‬

َْ B
full of ‫ﺧﺮ‬ . He is tempted despite his fear of ‫ َﺟَﻬﻨﻢ‬and ‫ﺴِﻌﻴ‬B‫ اﻟ‬to take a sip

but wards off his temptation and uses his ‫ َﻋَﺼﺎ‬to strike the drink.

12
 Gender
Masculine
• Default
Feminine
º ُ ٌ ََ
• Real Feminine eg: ‫( أم‬mother) ‫( ﻧﻘَﺮة‬cow)
• Fake Feminine
ٰ ‫( آء‬in some cases)
o ‫ى ة‬
o Non-Human Broken Plurals
o Proper name of places
o Body parts in pairs
o Because the Arabs said so (pg. 12)
How’s it How’s it
Word Meaning Word Meaning
treated? treated?
َ ُْ
َ ْ ‫ﻜ ّﺬﺑ‬ ٌ
‫ﻴ‬ ِِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ the perpetual liars plural, masc ‫آﻳَﺎت‬ miraculous signs sing, fem
َ ْ ٌ َ َ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻟَﺒﺎل‬ ِ ‫ا‬ the mountains
sing,
fem
‫ﺸ‬ a person sing, masc
ْ
‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ faces
sing,
‫اﻟ َِﺤْﻴَﻢ‬ hellfire sing, fem
fem
ْ
‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎَء‬ women
plural,
‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬ the elephant sing, masc
fem
َ ‫اْﻛ‬ ُ َْ
‫ﺤﺎُر‬ ِ seas
sing,
fem
‫اﻷْرض‬ the earth sing, fem

َ ْ ٌ ْ َ
‫اﻟُﻤَﺘَﻨﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬ those who
race/compete
plural,
masc
‫أﻗَﻤﺎل‬ deeds sing, fem

ُْ ُ َ َ ْ
‫اﻟﻘُﺒْﻮِر‬ the graves
sing,
‫اﻟَﻤﻼﺋِﻜﺔ‬ the angels plural, masc
fem
ُ ْ َ ْ ُ‫اﻟْﻴ‬
‫اﻛَ ِّﻴَﻨﺔ‬ clear proof
sing,
‫ى‬ٰ ‫ﺴ‬ the easiest sing, fem
fem
ٌ َ
‫ُرُﺳﻞ‬ messengers
plural,
masc
‫ﻧﺎٍر‬ a fire sing, fem
َ
‫ﺴﺎﺋِﻞ‬B‫اﻟ‬ sing,
‫ﻴ‬َ ْ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬
the one who asks
masc
ِِ the believers plural, masc

13
Tell the Status, Number and Gender of how the following words are
treated:

Word Status/Number/Gender Word Status/Number/Gender

ُ ‫ُﺣ‬ ً ْ َ
1. ‫ﺠْﻮِر‬ J/S/F 17. ‫ﺗﺬِﻛَﺮة‬ N/S/F
ُ َ َْ َْ B
2. ‫أﻓﻤﺎن‬ R/S/F 18. ‫اﻟﺴِﺒﻴﻞ‬ N/S/F
َ ْ ْ‫ُﻣ‬ َ َ ْ
3. ‫ﺼﻨِﻴ‬ ِ N,J/P/M 19. ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ N/S/M
4. ‫ت‬
َّ َ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺒًﺎ‬
ٍ ‫ﺳِﻴﺌﺎ‬ N,J/S/F 20. N/S/M
5. ‫ﺿﻴ‬
َ ْ ‫ُﻣْﻌﺮ‬ َ َ َ
21. ‫ﺣﺪاﺋِﻖ‬
ِ ِ N,J/P/M N,J/S/F
6. ‫ل‬
َ ّ َ ْ ‫ﻟﻠُْﻤَﻄ ّﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﻟ ِﻠِﺮﺟﺎ‬ J/P/M 22. ‫ﻔﻴ‬ ِِ ِ N,J/P/M
َ ْ ‫ُﻣَﺴﺎﻓ‬ ٌْ َ
7. ‫ﺤﻴ‬ ِ ِ N,J/P/M 23. ‫ﻣﻴﺪ‬ ِ R/S/M
8. ‫ﺔ‬
َ ْ َْ َ َْ
ِ ‫اﻟﻔِﺮﻳﻀ‬ J/S/F 24. ‫ﺔ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻐﺎِﺷﻴ‬ J/S/F
َُ َ َ َ
9. ‫ﻗﺒﺔ‬ ِ‫ﺨ‬ R/S/F 25. ‫ب‬ ٍ ‫ﻋ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺬ‬ J/S/M
َْ َ ُ َ َْ
10. ‫ﻗﺎﻧِﺘِﻴ‬ N,J/P/M 26. ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬ R/S/M
َْ َ َْ ْ
11. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜ‬ N,J/D/M 27. ‫ﻔُﺲ‬B‫اﺠ‬ R/S/F
ًَ َ ُB َ ْ ُْ
12. ‫ﺗﺎرة‬ ِ N/S/F 28. ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻤﺌِﻨﺔ‬ R/S/F
ََْ
13. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ِﻣﺌﺘ‬ N,J/D/F ٍ ِ ‫َوا‬
29. o J/S/M
ًْ َ َ
14. ‫ﻃﻮﻻ‬ N/S/M 30. ‫ﻧﺎٌر‬ R/S/F
ُ َْ ْ َ َْ
15. ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ِ ‫ا‬ R/S/M 31. ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ J/S/M
ِ
ََ ُ َ B
16. ‫ﺳﻨ‬ N/S/F 32. ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِﻞ‬ N/S/F

14
 Common vs. Proper
Common
• Default
7 Kinds of Proper
1) Words with ‫ال‬
2) Proper names
3) The one being called
4) Pronouns (page 18)
َ
5) Ism Ishaarah (pointer words) eg: ‫( ﻫﺬه ﺗﻠﻚ‬page 30)
B
6) Ism Mowsool eg: ‫ْي َﻣﺎ َﻣْﻦ‬œ
ِ ‫ا‬
7) The word before “of” if the word after “of” is proper
For example, in the following ayaat, the highlighted words are
proper.
َ ُْ
ٰ ‫ﺤِﻒ اﻷْو‬
 ْ ِ َ‫ن َ ٰﻫَﺬا ﻟ‬Bِ‫ إ‬Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, (87:18)
ُ ‫ﻔ اﻟُّﺼ‬

ٰ َ ‫ﺤِﻒ إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ َوُﻣْﻮ‬

n ُ ‫ ُﺻ‬The scriptures of Abraham and Moses. (87:19)

َ َ ْ َ َٰ º َ َ َ
‫ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ وأﻧﺖ ِﺣﻞ ِﺑﻬﺬا اﻛ‬And you, [Muhammad], are free of restriction in this city (90:2)
َ ْ ََ َ ُْ ُ َ ْ َُ َ َ َ
‫ﷲ َوُﺳﻘَﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﷲ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬
ِ ‫ ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﻬﻢ رﺳﻮل ا‬And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do

not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink." (91:13)
َ َ َ‫ ﻳ‬Éُ َ ‫ﺗ َﻣﺎ‬
ٰB‫ﺘ‬ ْ ‫ْي ﻳُْﺆ‬œ B
‫ﻛ‬ ِ ِ ‫[ ا‬He] who gives [from] his wealth to purify himself (92:18)

15
Indicate whether the words are common(C) or proper(P).
Word C/P Reason Word C/P Reason
َْْ َْ َ
‫اﻟُﻤﻨﺎدى‬
1. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧ‬ P ‫ال‬ 1. ‫ﻳَﺎ آَدُم‬ P

‫ﻴ‬َ ْ ‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ‬ َ‫ﺠَﺮة‬َ ‫ﺸ‬B‫اﻟ‬ ‫ال‬

2. ِِ C default 2. P

ُ
3. ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ P proper name 3. ‫َﻣَﺮًﺿﺎ‬ C default
َ ‫اﻟُﻤﻨَﺎدى‬
4. !oُ ‫ﻳَﺎ َو‬ P 4. ‫ُﻫَﻮ‬ P ‫ﺿﻤﻴ‬

ْ œB‫ا‬ َ
5. ‫ي‬ ِ P ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺻﻮل‬ 5. ‫أْرًﺿﺎ‬ C default

‫ﻴ‬َ ْ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ﺠﺎِس‬B‫ا‬ ‫ال‬

6. ِِ P 6. P

ُ َُ َ
‫َﺳْﻮَط َﻋﺬاٍب‬
Mudaf Ilayh is
7. ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫رﺳﻮل ا‬ P 7. C default
the messenger of Allah Proper a scourge of punishment
َ
8. ‫َﻣْﺮَﻳَﻢ‬ P proper name 8. ‫ِﻓْﺮَﻋْﻮن‬ P proper name
ًّ َ ُ ْ B
9. ‫ﺪﻗﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﺼ‬ C default 9. ‫ﻓَﻦ‬œِ ‫ا‬ P ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺻﻮل‬

ً B َُ ْ
10. ‫ﻣﻤﺪا‬ P proper name 10. ‫ﺘِْﻴَﻢ‬¤َ ‫ا‬ P ‫ال‬

َْ B
11. ‫اﻟﺴِﻔﻴﻨِﺔ‬ P ‫ال‬
11. ‫ى‬ٰ ‫ْﻛَﺮ‬œِّ ‫ا‬ P ‫ال‬

ُ َ َ ْ ْ ُ َ ْ َ
‫ب اﻟَﻤﻴَﻤﻨِﺔ‬
Mudaf Ilayh is Mudaf Ilayh is
12. ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ ر ا‬ P 12. ‫أﺻﺤﺎ‬ P
the fire of Allah Proper the people of the right Proper

ُ َ B
ِ ‫اﻟﺼﺎِﻟ َﺎ‬
13. ‫ﻧ ِﺴﺎء‬
‫ال‬
C default 13. ‫ت‬ P

َْ ْ ُ َ
14. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺆِﻣﻨ‬ C default 14. ‫ﺧﺎِﻃَﺌٍﺔ‬ C default
ٌَْ
15. ‫ﻛﻨ‬ C default 15. nَ‫ُﻣْﻮ‬ P proper name

B َ ُّ َ
‫َﻣْﻄِﻠَﻊ اﻟﺸْﻤِﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﻚ َرﻗَﺒٍﺔ‬
Mudaf Ilayh is
16. P 16. C default
the rising of the sun Proper freeing of a slave
َ َٰ
17. ‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ C default 17. ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ P ‫اﺳﻢ اﺷﺎرة‬

َُ
18. ‫ﻏﻼٍم‬ C default 18. ‫ﺠِﻌْﻴِﻢ‬B‫ا‬ P ‫ال‬

16
Write the four properties of each of the words in terms of how they are treated
(Status/Number/Gender/Type)
Word S/N/G/T Word S/N/G/T Word S/N/G/T
ُ ْ
1. ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ N/S/M/P 2. ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ا‬ J/S/M/P 3. ‫َﺳﺎِﺟِﺪﻓَﻦ‬ N,J/P/M/C

َ ْ ‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ‬ ٌ
4. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ N,J/P/M/C 5. ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ‬ N,J/S/M/P 6. ‫آِﻳَﻴﺔ‬ R/S/F/C
َْْ َْ ًBُ ّ‫أٍُم‬
7. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧ‬ N,J/D/M/P 8. ‫أﻣﺔ‬ N/S/F/C 9. J/S/F/C

10. ‫ﻋ‬ ْ َ ‫ِذَرا‬ N,J/D/M/C 11. nٰ َ ْ‫ِﻋﻴ‬ R,N,J/S/M/P 12. ‫ﺠﺎِر‬ B ‫اﻟُْﻔ‬ J/P/M/P

ُ‫ﻷﻏَْﻬﺎر‬ َْ
13. ‫ا‬ R/S/F/P 14. ‫ﺎِس‬B‫اﺠ‬ J/S/M/P 15. ‫َﺳﺎِﺣَﺮاِن‬ R/D/M/C

‫ﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤَﺮاِت‬ B ‫ا‬ ‫َﺳﺎِﺣٍﺮ‬

16. ِِ N,J/P/M/P 17. N,J/S/F/P 18. J/S/M/C

َ ْ ‫ُﻣْﺆﻣﻨ‬ َ َ ُْ
19. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ N,J/P/M/C 20. ‫َﺳِﺒْﻴٍﻞ‬ J/S/F/C 21. ‫اﻟﻔْﺮﻗﺎن‬ N/S/M/P
َ َ ْ
22. ‫َﻣْﺮﻳََﻢ‬ N,J/S/F/P 23. ‫اﻟَﻤﻼﺋِﻜِﺔ‬ J/P/M/P 24. ‫ﺴَﻤﺎَواِت‬B‫اﻟ‬ N,J/S/F/P
َ َ َْ َْ
25. ‫داﻟَﺲ‬ N,J/S/F/P 26. ‫ﺜَب‬ ِ ‫ﻳ‬
N,J/S/F/P 27. ‫اﻷْرِض‬ J/S/F/P
َ ْ َ
28. ‫َرُﺳْﻮﻻِن‬ R/D/M/C 29. ‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬ J/S/M/P 30. ‫ا‬oً ‫َو‬ N/S/M/C
ً َ َ
31. ‫آﻳَﺔ‬ N/S/F/C 32. ‫َراِﺟُﻌْﻮن‬ R/P/M/C 33. ‫ﻗﺎﺋٌِﻢ‬ R/S/M/C
َْ ُ َ ْ َ ْ ‫اﻟَْﻐﺎﻓﻠ‬
34. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫رﺟﻠ‬ N,J/D/M/C 35. ‫اﻟِﻘَﻴﺎَﻣِﺔ‬ J/S/F/P 36. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ N,J/P/M/P
ْ َ B َْ ُْ ُ
37. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻨﺘ‬ N,J/D/F/P 38. ‫ﻣِﺮٌج‬ R/S/M/C 39. ‫ﻳُْﻮُﺳﻒ‬ R/S/M/P
ْ ْ ّ
40. ‫إِﺑِْﻠﻴَﺲ‬ N,J/S/M/P 41. ٰ‫اﻟ ُْﺴَﻨ‬ R,N,J/S/F/P 42. ‫اﻟِﻨَﺴﺎَء‬ N/P/F/P
ً ُ َ ْ ‫ِﻣ‬
43. ‫اﻟِّﺮﻳُْﺢ‬ R/S/F/P 44. ‫ﻗْﺮآﻧﺎ‬ N/S/M/C 45. ‫ﺼ‬ N,J/S/F/P
َ ُ ْ‫َﻣ‬ َْ
46. ‫ﺠْﻮُﺑْﻮن‬ R/P/M/C 47. ‫اﻟﻘَﺼِﺺ‬ J/S/M/P 48. ‫ِﻛَﺘﺎٌب‬ R/S/M/C

49. ‫اﻷْﺳَﻮاِق‬
َْ
J/S/F/P 50. ‫ﻏَﺒﺎٍت‬
َ N,J/S/F/C 51. ‫ﻴ‬ُ ْ ‫أََﺳﺎِﻃ‬ R/S/F/C

‫ﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫اﻟَْﻌﺎﻟ َﻤ‬ ‫ﺷﺎِﻫٍﺪ‬

َ
‫ﻣﻔْﻮٍظ‬
َُْ
52. ِ N,J/P/M/P 53. J/S/M/C 54. J/S/M/C
ْ َْ ُْ
55. ‫ﺠُﻢ‬B‫اﺠ‬ R/S/M/P 56. ‫اﻟﻘَﻤَﺮ‬ N/S/M/P 57. ٰÂ‫اﻷو‬ R,N,J/S/F/P

17
 Pronouns
Raf “They” Raf “Both of them” Raf “He”
ُ ُ ُ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫَﻮ‬

3rd Person Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ ِﻫْﻢ‬or ‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ ِﻫَﻤﺎ‬or ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ِه‬or ‫ُه‬
Raf “They (f)” Raf “Both of them (f)” Raf “She”
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ َ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ِﻫ‬or ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ ِﻫَﻤﺎ‬or ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬

ْ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻢ‬ َ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻤﺎ‬ َ‫َأﻧْﺖ‬

Raf “You (m. pl)” Raf “both of you” Raf “You(m.s)”

2nd Person Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ﻛْﻢ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫َك‬

B‫َأﻧُْﺘ‬ َ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻤﺎ‬ َْ “You(f)”

Raf “You (f.pl)” Raf “both of you (f)” Raf

‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫أﻧ‬
Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِك‬

ُ‫َﻧْﻦ‬ ََ
Raf “We” Raf “I”

‫أﻧﺎ‬
1st Person
Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) ْ nasb / ‫ ْي‬jarr

k
َ ِ
‫ﻧﺎ‬
(both are attached)

18
Write your pronoun notes here:

1) An independent pronoun is always in the ‫ رﻓﻊ‬status

2) An attached pronoun is nasb in two cases:

B
i. after harf nasb like ‫ إِن‬or one of its sisters

ْ
ii. attached to a ‫ِﻓﻌﻞ‬

3) An attached pronoun is jarr in two cases:

i. right after a ‫ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺮ‬like ‫ب‬

ii. attached to a ‫اﺳﻢ‬

19
Pronoun Practice: Give the 4 properties of the pronouns below, and
translate the pronoun. Some examples have been done for you.
َْ ُ ُ ُ َْ
1.
ُ
‫ﻫَﻮ‬ R/S/M/P he/it 2. ‫ ﻧُﻦ‬R/P/MF/P 3. ‫ﺼﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ﻳﻨ‬N/D/MF/P

َ َ َ َ ْ َ
َ‫ﺧَﺮَﺟُﻬﻤﺎ‬ B‫ أَﻧُْﺘ‬R/P/F/P
4. ‫ﺼﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬N/S/F/P her/it 5. ‫ أ‬N/D/MF/P 6.

َ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ِﻛﺘَﺎﺑُﻜ‬J/P/F/P َ‫ أَﻧْﺖ‬R/S/M/P
7. ‫ َﻋﻠﻴْﻨَﺎ‬J/P/MF/P 8. 9.

ْ َْ ُ
‫ ﻫْﻢ‬R/P/M/P ُ‫ اِْﺳﺘَْﻐﻔْﺮه‬N/S/M/P
10. ‫ ﻗﻮِﻣ‬J/S/MF/P 11. 12. ِ

ُ
13.
ُ
‫ َوَﻋَﺪﻛْﻢ‬N/P/M/P 14. ‫ ﻫَﻤﺎ‬R/D/MF/P 15. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ ِﻓﻴِْﻬ‬J/P/F/P

ْ ُ Bَ ُ ُ َ
‫ﺻﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ ﻧﺎ‬J/D/MF/P َ ِ R/S/F/P
‫ﻫ‬
16. ‫ ِﺑﺄﻏﻬﻢ‬N/P/M/P 17. 18.

ُ ُّ ُ
ْ B‫ ِإﻧ‬N/S/MF/P
19. ‫ﻨ‬
ِ 20. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ ﻫ‬R/P/F/P 21. ‫ ﻛُﻬْﻢ‬J/P/M/P

ََ َْ
‫ ﻓﻬِﺪﻳِْﻪ‬N/S/M/P
B
‫ ِإﻧِﻨ‬N/S/M/P
22. ‫ أﻧﺎ‬R/S/MF/P 23. 24.

َْ ُ َ
ُْ
25. ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ِ J/S/M/P
َ
26. ‫ﻘﻬﺎ‬ِ ‫ أﻟ‬N/S/F/P 27. ‫ َﻋﻠﻴْﻜْﻢ‬J/P/M/P

ّ ُ
28. ‫ ِﺑِﻪ‬J/S/M/P 29. ‫ َرﺑِِّﻚ‬J/S/F/P 30. ‫ ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤﻨَﺎ‬N/P/MF/P

20
 َ َ ْ
Primary Rules for the Idhafah (‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ِ ‫)ا‬
َ
1. The ‫( ُﻣﻀﺎف‬word before “of”) should be:

a. Light

b. No alif-laam (‫)ال‬
َ َ
2. The ‫ِْﻪ‬¤ِ‫( ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬word after “of”) should be

a. In ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬status

3. No long distance relationship

َ َ َ
4. The last property of the ‫ُﻣﻀﺎف‬, type, is dictated by the ‫ْ ِﻪ‬¤ِ‫ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬

َ َ َ
5. Both the ‫ ُﻣﻀﺎف‬and the ‫ِْﻪ‬¤ِ‫ ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬should be isms.

Basic Kinds of Idhafah

ْ
1. “of” translation eg: Imam of the masjid ‫إَِﻣﺎُم اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠِﺪ‬
ُ ْ
2. Pronoun attached to an ism eg: His house ‫ﺑَﻴُﺘﻪ‬
ْ َْ َ َْ
3. Special Mudhafs eg: Under the earth ‫ﺗﺖ اﻷرِض‬

21
 Special Mudhafs
(usually doesn’t give an “of” meaning)

Special Mudhafs below are by default nasb status

besides, َ ُ
‫دْون‬ below
َ‫َﺗْﺖ‬ above
ََْ
‫ﻓﻮ ق‬
other than
َ ْ َ‫ﺑ‬ َ ْ ََْ
between ‫ﻴ‬ after ‫َﻧﻌﺪ‬ before ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
َْ َ ْ
‫َﻣَﻊ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺪ‬
with, at,
around,
surrounding
‫ﺣ ﻮل‬ with has,

َ‫َأَﻣﺎم‬
by/beside
ْ َُ َْ َ
especially
from
‫ن‬o behind ‫ﺧ ﻠﻒ‬ in front of

behind,
‫َوَرآَء‬ right in َ‫ﺪام‬B‫ُﻗ‬
beyond front of
Special mudhafs below can be raf/nasb/jar status

which, ُّ‫َأي‬ other ُ‫َﻏْﻴ‬ each, all,

every, the
ُّ ُ
‫ﻛ‬ some, ُ ْ
‫َﻧﻌﺾ‬
any than some of
whole

22
‫‪Idhafah Practice: Tell whether each instance is an idhafah or not‬‬
‫ْ َُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤ ْ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﻳَﺪﺧﻞ اﻟ َ‪B‬ﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﺑَﺄًﺳﺎ ﺷِﺪﻳًْﺪا‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﺗِﺘِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﺠِﺮُﻣْﻮن ا‪B‬ﺠﺎَر‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫ﻜْﻢ‬
‫ﺑُْﺮَﻫﺎﻧَ ُ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ا‪B‬ﺗََﺬ ا ُ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ًََ َ ُ َْ‬ ‫ُّ َ‬
‫ﻛ َﻣﺜٍﻞ‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ رﺟﻠ ِ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫ُﻛْﻨُﺘْﻢ َﺻﺎدﻗ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺜ َ ْ‬ ‫أَْﻛ َ َ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪10.‬‬ ‫ﺚ أَﺳﻔﺎ‬ ‫‪ N‬اﻟِﺪﻳ ِ‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫ﺑَﻴَﻨُﻬَﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪12.‬‬ ‫‪ٍn‬ء‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ َْ ‪ْ َ B‬‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫‪ Y‬أْرَﺑَﻌﺔ أﺷُﻬٍﺮ‬ ‫‪14.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬أﺣَﺴُﻦ َﻗَﻤﻼ‬ ‫‪15.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِﻛﺘﺎ اﻟﻨﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪16.‬‬ ‫َﻣَﻨَﻊ ا‪B‬ﺠﺎَس‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ُﻫَﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫َﻣَْﻤَﻊ ا ْ َﻛ ْ‬
‫‪17.‬‬ ‫ﻳَْﻮَم اﻟ َ ِ ّﺞ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪18.‬‬ ‫‪ Y‬أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻜﻬِﻒ‬ ‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪20.‬‬ ‫ﺤَﺮْﻳِﻦ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫َ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُّ ‪َ B‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ َْ‬
‫‪21.‬‬ ‫‪َ N‬و أذان ِﻣَﻦ ا ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪22.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫‪ Y‬رب اﻟﺴﻤﺎَوا ِ‬ ‫‪23.‬‬ ‫ﺟ‪B‬ﻨَﺘﻚ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪24.‬‬ ‫ﻴ ﻏﻔٍﺲ‬ ‫ﻏ ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫ُُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َْ َّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫ﻟْﻴَﻆ ﻗﻠْﻮِﺑِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪26.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫‪ N‬ﺳﻠﻄﺎٍن ﺑ ِ ٍ‬ ‫‪27.‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎؤَﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪28.‬‬ ‫أﺑََﻮاُه‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﺑَﻌﺬاٍب َﻋِﻠﻴٍﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ب ُر ْ ً‬ ‫أَْﻗَﺮ َ‬
‫‪29.‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪30.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫تا ِ‬ ‫آﻳﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪31.‬‬ ‫دْوِن ا ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪32.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫َﻓْﻬِﺪ ا ُ‬ ‫ْ َ َُ‬ ‫َ ُّ ْ ْ َ ْ‬
‫‪33.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ‪B‬ﺪِﺗِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪34.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪35.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫اﻟَﻮﻻﻳﺔ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪36.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫أي اﻟِﺰﺑ ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫ُ‪B‬‬ ‫َرُّﺑ ُ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ‪B‬‬
‫‪37.‬‬ ‫ﻛ َﻣْﺮَﺻٍﺪ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪38.‬‬ ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪39.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻣﺜﻞ اﻟ ََﻴﺎة‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪40.‬‬ ‫ب اﻟﺸْﻤِﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻐِﺮ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫َُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ََ ُ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪41.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔْﻮٌر َرِﺣْﻴٌﻢ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪42.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫َوﻋﺪ ا ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪43.‬‬ ‫ت اﻷَرِض‬ ‫‪ Y‬ﻏﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪44.‬‬ ‫ُزَﺑَﺮ اﻟ َِﺪﻳِْﺪ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛ َ ْ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ََْ ‪َْ َ B‬‬
‫‪45.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺪ اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠِﺪ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪46.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳَﻤﺎِر‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪47.‬‬ ‫‪ٍn‬ء‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪48.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ اﻟﺼﺪﻓ ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬ ‫ت اﻟ‪B‬ﺼﺎﻟ َﺎ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫َٰ َ َ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫‪49.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻨﺪ َرُﺳْﻮ ِ ِ‪É‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪50.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث ِﻣﺎﺋٍﺔ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪51.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ N‬اﻛﺎِﻗﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪52.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ر‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫َوأََﻗﺎُﻣْﻮا اﻟ‪B‬ﺼَﻼةَ‬ ‫‪ْ B‬‬
‫َﻣَﻊ ا ِ‪œ‬ﻓَﻦ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ُوﺿَﻊ اﻟْﻜَﺘﺎ ُ‬ ‫‪ë‬‬‫َوْﻋُﺪ َر ّ ْ‬
‫‪53.‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪54.‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪55.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪56.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬

‫‪57.‬‬
‫أَْﻓَﻤﺎَﻏُﻬﻢْ‬ ‫‪58.‬‬ ‫ُدْوﻧِِﻪ‬ ‫‪59.‬‬ ‫أﻣِﺮ َر ِّﺑِﻪ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪60.‬‬ ‫َﻧْﻌَﻀُﻬْﻢ‬
‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ُﺻُﺪْوَر ﻗْﻮٍم‬
‫َ‪ْ ُ B‬‬
‫ت َﻋﺪٍن‬ ‫َ َْ ‪َ B‬‬ ‫ﻋَﺒﺎد ْ‬
‫‪61.‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪62.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪63.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫‪ Y‬ﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﺴﻤﺎَوا ِ‬ ‫‪64.‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬
‫ُ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َﺠﻔَﺪ ا ْ َﻛ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ً‬
‫‪65.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻔْﺮَدْوِس ﻧُﺰﻻ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪66.‬‬ ‫ﺤُﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪67.‬‬ ‫ﻳَْﺮُﺟْﻮ ﻟِﻘﺎَء‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪68.‬‬ ‫ﻗَﻤﻼ َﺻﺎِﻟ ًﺎ‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫ََ ً‬ ‫َ َ ْ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْ ُ‬
‫‪69.‬‬ ‫ﺟَﻊ َﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪70.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻜ ِ‬‫ﻃﻌﺎِم اﻟِﻤﺴ ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪71.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺼا ِ‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪72.‬‬ ‫َﻣِﻠِﻚ ا‪B‬ﺠﺎِس‬ ‫‪Y‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
Idhafah with pronouns. Fill in the blanks with the pronouns
ُ ُ َُْ
ْ‫ﻜﻢ‬
1. ‫أ ﻏ ﻔﺴ‬ Your (m/p) selves
ُ ْ
2. ‫َﻧﻐﻴُﻜْﻢ‬ Your (m/p) rebellion
َ ْ
3. ‫ُزﺧُﺮﻓَﻬﺎ‬ Her glitter
ََُْ
4. ‫أ ﻣ ﺮ ﻧﺎ‬ Our command
َ
5. ‫ﻗْﻮَﻣُﻬْﻢ‬ Their (m/p) nation

6.
َ‫أَْﻫﻠُﻬﺎ‬ Her family/people/dwellers
َ
7. ‫ُﺣُﺪْودُه‬ His boundaries
ُ َ َ
8. ‫َﻣﻜﻧﻜْﻢ‬ Your (m/p) place
ْ
9. ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ِﺑِﻤﺜِﻠ‬ With his example/likeness
ّ ُ َ
10. ‫ﻪ‬ِ ‫ﻓِﻸِﻣ‬ Then for his mother
B َْ
11. ‫ﻬﻦ‬ ِ ‫أﻫِﻠ‬ Their (f/p) family
B ُ َ ْ
12. ‫ِإﺣﺪاﻫﻦ‬ One of them (f/p)
ْ ُ ُ ََ ُ
13. ‫ﺂؤﻛﻢ‬ï‫ﺷ‬ Your (m/p) associates
َ
14. ‫ﻦ‬B‫َﺻُﺪﻗﺎِﺗِﻬ‬ Their (f/p) marriage gifts
ْ ‫َﻗَﻤ‬
15. ‫ﻠ‬ My action/work
ِ
َ َّ
16. ‫رﺑﻚ‬
ِ Your (m) lord

24
Special Mudhaf Practice. Fill in the blanks with the correct meanings
ّ‫ﻟَﻖ‬ ْ َْ
1.
ِ ‫ﻴا‬ ِ ‫ِﺑﻐ‬ Other than the right justification
ُ َ
2. ‫َوَرآﺋﻜْﻢ‬ behind all of you
ْ َ
3. ‫ﺧﻠِﻔِﻬْﻢ‬ behind them
ََْْ َ َْ
4. ‫ﻴ‬ِ ‫ﻓﻮق اﺛﻨﺘ‬ above two women
َ
5. ‫ﻗﺒِْﻠِﻬْﻢ‬ before them
ُ ْ
6. ‫َﻧﻌُﻀﻜْﻢ‬ Some of you all
ْ
7. ‫ﺑَﻴﻨَﻨَﺎ‬ between us
8.
ْ‫أَُّﻓُﻬﻢ‬ Which of them
َْ ْ ُْ ََْ
9. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻴ اﻷﺧﺘ‬ between two sisters.
ْ ُ َٰ َ َ َ
10. ‫ورآء ذﻟِﻜﻢ‬ behind that for all of you
B َُ
11. ‫ﻧﺎ‬o Especially on our behalf
َ ْ َْ َ َْ
12. ‫ﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻧﻌﺪ اﻟﻔِﺮﻳﻀ‬ after the obligation
َ َٰ َ ْ ُ
13. ‫دون ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ without that
َ َْ
14. ‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬ ِ You have
15. ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‬
َََْ
above her/it
َ َ B َ َْ
16. ‫ﺗﺖ اﻟﺸﺠﺮِة‬ below the tree.
17. ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
َ ََُْ between both of them.

25
Primary Rules for Mowsoof + Sifah
ْ ُ ْ َ
1. Mowsoof (‫ )ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬must be
a. First
b. Only one
َ
2. Sifah (‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
ِ )
a. Has the same 4 properties as the Mowsoof
b. Is after the Mowsoof
c. May be more than one
d. Can tolerate a long distance relationship
Note:
• The mowsoof is never a pronoun, pointer word, or ism mowsool
• The sifah is never a proper name, pronoun, or pointer word.
• Look out for non human plurals and their feminine sifahs. For example:
ُ‫ﻴة‬
َ ْ ‫ﺼﻐ‬B‫ﺐ اﻟ‬ ُ ْ
ُ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ ٌَْ َ ُ ََ
ِ ‫ اﻟ‬the small books ‫ﺟﻴﻠﺔ‬ِ ‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋِﺐ‬beautiful bags

Examples of Mowsoof Sifah. Write the 4 properties of the highlighted words

based on how they are treated.
ًْ َ ًَْ
a heavy word ‫ﻗﻮﻻ ﺛِﻘﻴﻼ‬ N/S/M/C
ٰ ‫ﺒ‬ ُ ْ ُB B
َْ‫ﻜ‬
the greatest calamity ‫ى‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻣﺔ اﻟ‬ R/S/F/P
ً ً ُ ُ
purified scriptures ‫ﻬَﺮة‬B‫ﺤﻔﺎ ُّﻣَﻄ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ N/S/F/C
ُ َ
a great test from your Lord ‫ﺑَﻼٌء ِﻣْﻦ َرﺑِّﻜْﻢ َﻋِﻈﻴٌْﻢ‬ R/S/M/C
ٌ ُ
elevated beds ‫ﻣْﺮﻓْﻮَﻋﺔ‬B ‫ﺳٌر‬ ُ ُ R/S/F/C
ُ ْB ْ َ
like eaten straw ‫ﻛَﻌﺼٍﻒ ﻣﺄﻛﻮٍل‬
ْ J/S/M/C
ُ ْ ‫ﻜﺒ‬ َ ْ ُْ َْ
the great attainment ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻔﻮز اﻟ‬ R/S/M/P
ٌ َ
an intensely hot fire ‫ﻧﺎٌر َﺣﺎِﻣﻴَﺔ‬ R/S/F/C
َْْ َ َْ َُ
for two orphan boys ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻴ ﻳِﺘﻴﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﻟِﻐﻼﻣ‬ J/D/M/C
ٌَْ َ ُ َ َ
abundant gains ‫ﻴة‬ ِ‫ﻣﻐﺎﻧِﻢ ﻛﺜ‬ R/S/F/C

26
 Primary Rules for Harf of Jarr
1. The harf of jarr makes its ism jarr.
2. No long distance relationship.
3. There are 17 harf of jarr. We will learn 11 that are in the Quran.
ّ َ َْ
4. The harf of jarr is called the ‫ ﺟﺎر‬and the ism it makes jarr is the ‫ﻣُﺮْور‬

َ
‫َك‬
for/have like swear by Allah
َ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ with ‫ِب‬
(pronoun ‫ ل‬all else ‫)ِل‬ (comparison) only
َ
‫ﻗْﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣْﻦ‬ ‫َو‬
ْ ِ from/because of oath
‫ﻓ‬
(not ‫)َﻣْﻦ‬
about/away from in/about
(Not the ‫ َو‬for “and”)
ََ
to/towards ‫إﻟ‬ until (2) kB‫َﺣ‬ on/upon/against ‫ﻟ‬
Additional notes:
َ
• When attached to a pronoun, the ‫ ل‬is pronounced ‫ ل‬otherwise it is ‫ِل‬.
ُ َ
For example: ‫ ﻟﻜْﻢ‬vs. ‫ﻟ َِﺮُﺳْﻮٍل‬
• Don’t confuse the harf of jarr lam with the lam for emphasis. The lam for
emphasis does not make isms jarr. For example:
ْ ََ َ َ – For us (harf of jarr).
‫ﺠﺤُﻦ‬ – Most certainly, I swear to it, we. ‫ﺠﺎ‬
• Don’t confuse the ‫ َو‬harf of jarr (for oaths only) with the connector ‫َو‬
which means “and”
َ َ
• When ‫ ِﻣْﻦ‬and ‫ ﻗْﻦ‬are attached to ‫ َﻣﺎ‬they are written as ‫ﻤﺎ‬B‫ ِﻣ‬and ‫ﻤﺎ‬B‫ﻗ‬.
َ ََ
• When attached to a pronoun, ‫ إِﻟ‬and ‫ ﻟ‬are pronounced with a ‫ْي‬. For
َْ َ َ
example: ‫ َﻋﻠﻴِﻪ‬or ‫ْﻚ‬¤ِ‫إ‬

Identify if the following are harf of jarr fragments

ّْ
1. ‫ِﺑﺎﻟ َِﻖ‬ 2. ‫ل‬ ‫ﻮ‬ْ ‫ﻣﺄ ُْﻛ‬B ‫َﻛَﻌْﺼﻒ‬ َ َّ َْ
3. ‫ﺪ رِﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺠْﻴٍﻞ‬ّ ‫ﺠﺎَرة ّﻣْﻦ ﺳ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
ٍ ٍ ِ ‫ِﺑﻤ‬ 4. ِ ِ ِ ٍ ِِ
َ َ ُ ّ ُ ِ‫ﻟ‬
5. ٍ‫ﻜ ﻫﻤﺰة‬ 6. ‫ف‬
ْ َ ْ
ٍ ‫ِﻣﻦ ﺧﻮ‬ 7. ‫ﺪﻫﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻓ ﺟْﻴ‬
ِ ِ ِْ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻓ ِدﻳِﻦ ا‬ ِْ
ِ 8.

َ B َ ُّ ‫ﻓ َﻗَﻤ‬ ِْ ْ ْ ْ َ َ َٰ َ ّ َ ْ َ ْ ُْ َ َ
9. ٍ‫ﺪ ﻣﻤﺪ دة‬ ٍ 10. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻜ‬ ِ ‫ﻟ ﻃﻌﺎِم اﻟِﻤﺴ‬ 11. ‫ﺷ‬ ِ ‫وِﻣﻦ‬ 12. ‫ﺴ‬ِ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌ‬
ْ ْ ‫ﺤﺎ‬ ْ َ‫ﺑﺄ‬ َ َّ ْ ‫ َﻣْﻄﻠَﻊ اﻟَْﻔ‬k َ ْ َ
13. ‫ب اﻟِﻔﻴِﻞ‬ ِ
َ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ 14. ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬ِ ‫ﻟ‬ 15. ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ‬ ِ ٰB‫ﺣ‬ 16. ‫َﻣْﻦ أﻗَﻄٰﻰ‬

27
 Primary Rules for Harf of Nasb
1. The harf of nasb makes its ism nasb.
2. Can tolerate a long distance relationship.

alas (express regret)

َ ْ¤َ
‫ﺖ‬ certainly, for sure
B
‫إِ ن‬
َ B َ
however ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻜ‬
ِ ‫ ﻟٰـ‬that ‫أن‬
B َ Bََ
so that, hopefully, maybe ‫َ ﻟَﻌﻞ‬as though, as if ‫ﻛﺄن‬
Bَ
because ‫ِﺑﺄن‬

Note:
ََ ْ ِ and the nasb form of ‫ َﻧُْﻦ‬is ‫ﻧَﺎ‬. When
The nasb form of the pronoun ‫ أﻧﺎ‬is k
attached to a harf of nasb, these pronouns can be written fully, or the ‫ ن‬can be
dropped. ‫ﻨ‬ ْ B‫ إِﻧ‬or kّ ِ ِ‫ إ‬and ‫ﻏَﻨﺎ‬Bِ‫ إ‬or ‫ﺎ‬B‫إِﻧ‬. For example:
ِ
B َ ُ َُ ْ B
‫ﻨﺎ‬B‫ﺑَﻨﺎ إِﻏَﻨﺎ آَﻣ‬B‫ﻓَﻦ ﻓﻘﻮﻟْﻮن َر‬œِ ‫ ا‬Those who say, "Our Lord, indeed we have believed…." (3:16)
ْ َْ َ َ ْ ُ َْ َ َ B
‫ﻠِﺔ اﻟﻘﺪِر‬¤ْ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ إِﻧﺎ أﻧﺰﺠﺎه‬Indeed, We sent it down during the Night of Decree. (97:1)
َ ََ ّْ
‫ أﻧﺎ َرُّﺑﻚ‬k ِ ِ‫ إ‬Indeed, I am your Lord (20:12)
َ َ B َٰ َ ُ َ َ ْ B
‫ إِﻻ أﻧﺎ‬Éَ ِ‫ﷲ ﻻ إ‬ ‫ إِﻧِﻨ أﻧﺎ ا‬Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me (20:14)

Determine if the following contains a harf of nasb fragment.

ْ َ َ Bَ ٌَْ ْ ُB ْ َْ َ َB َ َ B
1. ‫أن ﻟُﻬْﻢ أﺟًﺮا‬ Y 2. ‫إِﻏﻬﻢ ِﻓﺘﻴﺔ‬ Y 3. ‫إِﻏﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴِﻬﻢ‬ Y 4. ‫ﻨﺎ إِﻳَﺎَﻧُﻬْﻢ‬¤ْ ِ‫ إِن إ‬Y
َ ْB َ B ََ ْB َ َ َ َ B َ B ُ
5. ‫ ﻓﻠَﻌﻠﻚ ﺑَﺎِﺧٌﻊ ﻏﻔَﺴﻚ‬Y 6. ‫ ﻟْﻦ ﻧﺪُﻋَﻮ‬N 7. ‫إِن ﺷﺎﻧِﺌﻚ‬ Y 8. ‫ﻢ إِن َﻋﻠْﻴَﻨﺎ ِﺣَﺴﺎَﻧُﻬْﻢ‬B‫ﻋ‬ Y
َ B َ ُ َُ ْ َ َ B َ َ َْ B ْ َ
9. ‫ إِن ﻓﻘْﻮﻟْﻮن إِﻻ ﻛِﺬﺑًﺎ‬N 10. ‫ﺎ‬¤ü ِ ‫ َو‬Éُ N 11. ‫وﺻﺪق‬ N 12. ‫ أن ﻟْﻦ ﻓﻘِﺪَر‬N
ْ َ B َ َْ ْ B َ َ ْ َ ٌ َ َ ْ ُّ ٌ َ
13. ‫ﺟَﻌﻠَﻨﺎ‬ ‫إ ِﻧ ﺎ‬ Y 14. ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ِ ‫إِن ا‬ Y 15. ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ِ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬N 16. ‫ﻧﺎر ﻣﺆﺻﺪة‬ N
َْ ْ َ َ ْ َ Bَ َ Bَ َ َٰ B ً ْ ُ ‫ن َﻣَﻊ اﻟُْﻌْﺴ ﻳ‬B‫إ‬
17. ‫ب اﻟﻜﻬِﻒ‬ ‫ أن أﺻﺤﺎ‬Y 18. Éُ ‫أن َﻣﺎ‬ Y 19. ‫إِن ﻫﺬا‬ Y 20. ‫ﺴا‬ ِ ِ Y

28
Harf of Jarr: Examples from the Quran

‫ﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬ ‫ِب‬

With the believers (with, because of, by, at, in, etc) ِِ ِ
َ ُْ َ َ
They said, “By Allah!” ‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ْ َ
Like eaten straw ‫ﻣﺄﻛْﻮٍل‬B ‫ﻛَﻌْﺼٍﻒ‬ ‫َك‬
ُ َ‫َوﻟ‬
And for you(pl). ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ‫ل‬
ْ َْ َ
(I swear) By the fleeting passage of time! ‫ﺼ‬ِ ‫واﻟﻌ‬ ‫َو‬
‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ُ ‫ﻣْﻦ أَْﻏُﻔﺴ‬ ‫ِﻣْﻦ‬
From amongst yourselves. ِ ِ
ٌ ََ ْ ْ
In just retribution there is life ‫ﻓ اﻟِﻘَﺼﺎِص ﺣﻴﺎة‬ ِ ِْ
‫ﻓ‬
ََْْ َ َ َُ
They ask you regarding the spoils of war ‫ﻳ َْﺴﺄﻟْﻮﻧﻚ َﻋِﻦ اﻷﻏﻔﺎِل‬ ‫َﻗْﻦ‬
َ ْ ْ Bَََْ َ َََ ََ
And upon Allah the believers should place their trust. ‫! اﻟُﻤﺆِﻣُﻨْﻮن‬ ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬
ْ َْ َ
Until the rise of dawn(1). ‫ َﻣْﻄﻠِﻊ اﻟﻔﺠِﺮ‬kB‫ﺣ‬ َ َ
kB‫ﺣ‬
ْ B َ َ
Until a time(2). ‫ﻴ‬ ٍ ‫ ِﺣ‬k‫ﺣ‬ kB‫ﺣ‬
ْ َ ْ َْ َ
It (the Quran) guides towards what is right. ‫ي إِﻟ اﻟُّﺮﺷِﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬِﺪ‬ ‫إ ِﻟ‬

Harf of Nasb: Examples from the Quran

‫ﷲ‬ َ ‫ن ا‬B‫إ‬ B
‫إِن‬
Certainly Allah is ِ
B َ Bَ
That they are/ that certainly they are ‫أﻏُﻬْﻢ‬ ‫أن‬
ْ َُُ ْ Bََ Bََ
As though there is a deafness in his ear (literally barrier) ‫ﻓ أذﻏْﻴِﻪ َوﻗًﺮا‬ ِ ‫ﻛ ﺄن‬ ‫ﻛ ﺄن‬
ُ َ B َ َ َٰ Bَ
That is because they said…. ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﺑﺄﻏُﻬْﻢ ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا‬ ‫ِﺑﺄن‬
ً َ ً َ ُ ْ B َ ْ َ ْ ََْ َ َ َْ َ َ ¤ْ َ
Woe is me! I only I didn’t take so-and-so for a friend. ‫ﺗﺬ ﻓﻼﻧﺎ ﺧِﻠْﻴﻼ‬ ٰ ‫ﻳﺎ وﻳﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﺘِﻨ ﻟﻢ أ‬¤ k ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺒ‬B ْ ‫ﻦ اﻟ‬B‫ﻟَ ٰﻜ‬ ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻜ‬
َٰ
On the contrary, righteousness is ِ ِ ِ ‫ﻟ‬
َ ُ َْ ُ Bََ B َ
So that you may be grateful. ‫ﻜْﻢ ﺗﺸﻜُﺮْون‬ ‫ﻟ ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻟَﻌﻞ‬

29
 ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ﻹﺷﺎرِة ‪Pointing Words‬‬‫أﺳﻤﺎء ا ِ‬
‫‪Near‬‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺬاِن‬ ‫ﻫﺬ ا‬ ‫‪Masculine‬‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳِْﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َٰ‬ ‫َٰ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺘﺎِن‬ ‫ﻫِﺬِه‬ ‫‪Feminine‬‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ ْ‬ ‫َٰ‬ ‫َ ْ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻫﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻫِﺬِه‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫‪Far‬‬

‫ُ ْ َٰ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬
‫أوﻟـِﺌﻚ‬ ‫ذاِﻧﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ ‫‪Masculine‬‬

‫ُ ْ َٰ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬
‫أوﻟـﺌِﻚ‬ ‫ذﻳِْﻨﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫ُ ْ َٰ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫أوﻟـِﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎِﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺗِﻠﻚ‬ ‫‪Feminine‬‬

‫ُ ْ َٰ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أوﻟـﺌِﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴِﻨﻚ‬ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫‪30‬‬
Using pointers:

1. To make a fragment:
a. The pointer must be followed immediately by ‫ال‬
َ ْ ُ ْ َْ ٌ َ ُ
b. 4 properties of the pointer (ِ‫ﻹﺷﺎَرة‬ِ ‫ )إِﺳﻢ ا‬and “pointed at” (‫ِﻪ‬¤ِ‫)ﻣﺸﺎر إ‬
must match
2. To make a sentence:
a. Pointer should not have ‫ ال‬after it

ْ َ َٰ ْ ْ َ
‫ب ﻫﺬا اﻛَْﻴﺖ‬B‫َﻌُﺒُﺪوا َر‬¤‫ﻓﺎ‬ fragment this house
ْ ْ َٰ ْ
‫ﻏَﻴﺎ‬oُّ‫ﻓ ﻫِﺬهِ اﻟ ََﻴﺎِة ا‬ ِ fragment in this worldly/lowest life
ُ ُ ْ َ َٰ
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآن‬ fragment this Quran

ُ ُ ُ َ ْ
‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ ﺣﺪْود ا‬ sentence Those are the boundaries of Allah.

B ُ َ ْ َ َ َُْ
‫أوﻟٰـِﺌﻚ أﺻﺤﺎب اﺠﺎِر‬ sentence Those are the companions of the fire
ُ َ َ َٰ
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬ sentence This is the she-camel of Allah

Determine if the following are sentences or fragments

ْ ْ َ َٰ ْ َ ْ‫ت اﻟ‬ ُ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َٰ
1. ِ ‫ ِﺑﻬﺬا اﻟ َِﺪﻳ‬F
‫ﺚ‬ 2. ‫ﻜْﻴِﻢ‬ِ َ ‫ﻜﺘﺎِب اﻟ‬ ِ ‫ ِﺗﻠﻚ آﻳﺎ‬S 3. ‫ ﻫُﺆﻻِء اﻟﻘْﻮِم‬F
ْ ْ ُ َ َٰ ُ ْ َ ْ
ٰ
ْ ‫ َﻫِﺬهِ َﺳِﺒْﻴ‬S
‫ﻠ‬ 5. ‫ﻏَﻴﺎ‬oُّ‫ ذﻟ ِﻚ َﻣَﺘﺎع اﻟ ََﻴﺎِة ا‬S 6. ‫اُر اﻵِﺧَﺮة‬oB‫ ِﺗﻠﻚ ا‬F
4.
ِ
َ ُ َ ُ َ َٰ ْ َ َ َٰ B َْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ٰ َ ْ ُ
7. ‫ ﻫُﺆﻻِء ﺷﻔَﻌﺎؤﻧﺎ‬S 8. ‫ ﻫﺬاِن ﺧﺼَﻤﺎِن‬S 9. ‫ أوﻟـِﺌﻚ أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻨِﺔ‬S

ُّ B‫ َو َ ٰﻫَﺬا اﺠ‬F ْ ّ ‫ َ ٰﻫَﺬا َر‬S َ ُ ْ َ َٰ B

‫ﺒ‬ 11. ë ِ 12. ‫ إِن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآن‬F
10.
ِ
ُ ْ َ َٰ ْ َ B َ َٰ B
‫و ﻟﻚ‬º‫ إِن ﻫﺬا َﻋُﺪ‬S ْ ‫ﻚ ﻣْﻦ أَﻏَْﺒﺎء اﻟَْﻐ‬
َ ْ
13. ‫ﻓ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآِن‬ ِ F 14. 15. ‫ﺐ‬ِ ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ِ ‫ ِﺗﻠ‬S
َٰ ْ َٰ ُ َ َ َٰ
16.
َ َ B
‫ﺠَﺮة‬ ‫ ﻫِﺬهِ اﻟﺸ‬F 17. ‫ ﻫِﺬهِ ِﻣْﻦ ِﻋﻨِﺪَك‬S 18. ِ ‫ ﻫِﺬهِ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬S
‫ﷲ‬

31
 ٌB ْ ٌَُْ
Jumlah Ismiyyah ‫ﺟﻠﺔ ِإﺳِﻤﻴ‬
‫ﺔ‬

Finding the Invisible IS:

1) Independent pronouns are usually followed by “IS”

ٌ‫ أَﻧَﺎ ُﻣْﺴِﻠﻢ‬I am a Muslim.

2) Pointer word followed by other than ‫ال‬.

ٌ ‫ َﻫَﺬا َﻧْﻴ‬This is a house

‫ﺖ‬

3) Harf of nasb and its ism is usually followed by “IS”

َ ْ َ ِّ ُ َ َ َ B
‫ٍء ﻗِﺪﻳٌْﺮ‬n ‫ إِن اﷲ ﻟ ﻛ‬Indeed, Allah is…

4) Proper followed by common

ٌَْ َ ُ ُُ ْ
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺻِﻐﻴة‬The books are small.

5) A break in the chain

ْ ِ ‫ﺮُﺟُﻞ‬B‫ اﻟ‬The man is in the house.
‫اِر‬oB‫ﻓ ا‬

Additional examples from the Quran:

َ ْ َ َٰ ْ َْ َ ُ ْ ُ َ ُ َْ َ َ ُ َْ B
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﻣﻦ آﻳﺎِة ا‬ ‫إِن ﻳﺄﺟﻮج وﻣﺄﺟﻮج ﻣﻔِﺴﺪون ِﻓ اﻷرِض‬
ُ ْ ٌ ٌ َ ُ َ
‫ر ِّﺑﻜْﻢ‬B ‫اﻟ َُّﻖ ِﻣْﻦ‬ ‫إِﻟٰـُﻬﻜْﻢ إِﻟٰـﻪ َواِﺣﺪ‬
ً َ ْ َُْ َ ََ َ ْ َ َٰ
‫ﺜ ِﻣﻨﻚ َﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ أﻛ‬ ‫ اﻧُْﻦ َﻣْﺮﻳََﻢ‬n‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﻋﻴ‬
َ ْB َ B ََ َ ُّ َ َ َ
‫ﻓﻠَﻌﻠﻚ ﺑَﺎِﺧٌﻊ ﻏﻔَﺴﻚ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ رﺑﻚ‬
َ َْ ْ
‫أﻏُﺘْﻢ ُّﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ﷲ‬ِ ِ
ُ ‫ﻟ َْﻤ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ا‬
ُ ُ ْ َُْ ُ ٌ ْ َ َ B
‫َوﻫَﻮ اﻟﻐﻔْﻮُر اﻟَﻮدْود‬ ‫إِن ﻫٰـِﺬهِ ﺗﺬِﻛَﺮة‬
ُ ‫ُﻫَﻮ ا‬ ُّ
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻣْﻴ ٌﻂ‬ ِ ‫ﷲ ِﻣْﻦ َوَراﺋِِﻬْﻢ‬
ُ ‫َوا‬

32
 ْ َ ْ ُْ ْ
Past Tense & ِ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟِﻔﻌﻞ اﻟ‬

Plural Pair Singular

ُ ُ ُ
They helped. ‫ﻫْﻢ‬ They(2) helped. ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ He helped ‫ﻫَﻮ‬

ُ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫ﻧََﺼا‬ َ‫ﻧََﺼ‬

Masculine 3rd person

ْ‫ﺼوا‬
ُ ُ
They(f) helped. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ They (2f) helped ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ She helped. َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
َ ْ َ َ ََ َ َ ْ َ َ َ
Feminine 3rd person

‫ﻧﺼ ن‬ ‫ﻧﺼ ﺗ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼت‬

You all helped.
ْ‫َأﻏُْﺘﻢ‬ You (2) helped.
َ‫َأﻏُْﺘﻤﺎ‬ You helped.
َ‫َأﻧْﺖ‬

ْ‫ﺼُﻳﻢ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﺼُﻳَﻤﺎ ﻧ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ ْ َ َ
Masculine 2nd person

‫ﻧﺼت‬
B‫َأﻧُْﺘ‬ َ‫َأﻏُْﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
َْ
You all(f) helped You (2f) helped You helped(f). ِ ‫أﻧ‬

B‫ﺼُﻳﻦ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﺼُﻳَﻤﺎ ﻧ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ َ
Feminine 2nd person

ْ
‫ﻧﺼِت‬
َْ ََ
we helped. ‫ﻧُﻦ‬ I helped. ‫أﻧﺎ‬
َْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ
1st Person

‫ﻧﺼ ﻧ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼت‬

33
‫?‪What is the pronoun behind each past tense‬‬

‫ُْ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺘُْﻢ‬ ‫َﻗ‪B‬ﻤﺎ َأْرَﺿَﻌ ْ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﻫ‬

‫َ َُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻘْﻮا‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﺟَﻌﻠﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻦ‬

‫َ ‪B‬‬ ‫ََْ‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫ﺗَﻮ ْ‪¤‬ﺘُْﻢ‬ ‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻦ‬

‫ُْ‬ ‫ﺖ َو َأﻧَْﺒﺘَ ْ‬ ‫َْ‪ْ B‬‬

‫ت َو َرَﺑ ْ‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ﺷُﺑْﻮا‬
‫أ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ا ِﻫ ﺘ‬ ‫ﻫ‬

‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ﺴ اُّ‪o‬ﻏْﻴَﺎ َوا ْﻵ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪9.‬‬ ‫أﻗَﺮْرﻳْﻢ‬ ‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺧَﺮة ‪10.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺧ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬

‫ْ َ ُ‪ْ ََ ْ َ ٌB‬‬
‫ِﺗﻠﻚ أﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﺖ ‪11.‬‬
‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫ﺣﻖ ﻋﻠﻴِﻪ اﻟﻌﺬاب ‪12.‬‬
‫َ ‪َْ َ B‬‬
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬

‫َ ُ ْ ‪ْ ُْ َ B‬‬
‫َوﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺘﻢ ‪13.‬‬
‫ّ ْ‬
‫ﻓ َرِﺑِﻬﻢ ‪14.‬‬
‫َْ َ ُْ‬
‫اِﺧﺘﺼﻤﻮا ِ ْ‬
‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬

‫‪َُْB‬‬ ‫ْ ََ َ ‪ْ B‬‬
‫إذ ﺗ ‪B‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُ‪َ B‬‬
‫‪œ‬ﻓَﻦ اﻳﺒﻌﻮا ‪15.‬‬
‫ﺒأ ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ أَرادْوا ‪16.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬

‫‪ْ َ َB‬‬
‫اِﺗﺬت ‪17.‬‬
‫‪َ B‬‬
‫ﻛﺄﻏﻤﺎ ﺧ‪B‬ﺮ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎِء ‪18.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ‪َ B‬‬
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬

‫َ َ َ ‪َ B‬‬
‫ﻓﺈِذا ﻳَﻄﻬْﺮن ‪19.‬‬
‫ُُْْ‬
‫ﻫّﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ‪20.‬‬ ‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬

‫ََُ‬ ‫َََْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ََ‬

‫ﻓﺒﻠﻐَﻦ أﺟﻠﻬ‪B‬ﻦ ‪21.‬‬ ‫ﻫّﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺎﻏﺘﺎ ‪22.‬‬ ‫ﻫ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ََ‪ُْB‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮا ‪23.‬‬ ‫ت ﻗَْﻮ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻣ ‪24.‬‬ ‫إِ ِ ّ ْ‬
‫‪َ k‬دَﻋْﻮ ُ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬

‫ُُْ‪B‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺘ ‪25.‬‬ ‫أﻧ ‪B‬‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫َراَودت ‪26.‬‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬

‫َ َ‬ ‫‪BَُْB‬‬ ‫أﻧ ‪B‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻻ ‪27.‬‬ ‫ﻫ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫اِﻳﻘﻴﺘ ‪28.‬‬ ‫ﺘ‬

‫‪34‬‬
Attaching Pronouns to Fi’ls

Recall that pronouns attached to fi’ls are nasb because they are details.

ْ ‫ﺼ‬
To translate fi’ls with attached pronouns. Eg: ‫ﻳ‬ َ َ َ
ِ ‫ﻧ‬

1) Identify and ignore the attached pronoun: k ْ ِ is the attached pronoun.

َ َ َ‫ ﻧ‬means “he helped”.
2) Translate the fi’l by itself: ‫ﺼ‬
ْ ِ means “me”
3) Translate the attached pronoun by itself: k
ْ ‫ﺼ‬
4) Put it all together: ‫ﻳ‬ َ َ َ
ِ ‫“ ﻧ‬He helped me”

Examples:

He helped ‫ﺼ‬ َ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ He helped her ‫ﺼَﻫﺎ‬ َ َ َ‫ﻧ‬

I helped ‫ت‬ُ ‫ﺼ‬ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ I helped him

ُْ َ َ
‫ﺼﺗُﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
She helped
ْ ْ َ َ
‫ﺼت‬ ‫ﻧ‬ She helped me ْ ْ‫ﺼﺗ‬
‫ﻨ‬ ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬
ِ
B ُ ‫ْﻤَﻨﺎ‬B‫َﻋﻠ‬
We taught ‫َﻋﻠْﻤَﻨﺎ‬ We taught all of you(f) ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻛ‬
ْB ُ ْB
Both of you taught ‫ َﻋﻠﻤُﺘَﻤﺎ‬Both of you taught both of them ‫َﻋﻠﻤُﺘَﻤﺎﻫَﻤﺎ‬
ْB َ ْB
All of you taught ‫ َﻋﻠﻤُﺘْﻢ‬All of you taught us ‫َﻋﻠﻤُﺘُﻤْﻮﻧﺎ‬
ُ َ ُ َ
They said ‫ ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا‬They said it ‫ﻗﺎﻟْﻮُه‬

Circle the attached pronoun:

َ َُْْ ْ َ َُ َ َ َ ْ َْ َ
1. ‫ﺘﺗﻚ‬ ‫ِاﺧ‬ 2. ‫َﺟﺎَءﻳُﻬْﻢ‬ 3. ‫ﺑْﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺬ‬ َ
4. ‫أﻛﺮﻫﺘﻨﺎ‬

َ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َْ َ ْ ُُُْْ َ َ
5. ‫ﺠَﻌﻠﻨَﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ 6. ‫ﻗﺘَﻠﺘُُﻤْﻮﻫْﻢ‬ 7. ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨَﺎﻛْﻢ‬ 8. ‫وﺟﺪﻳﻤﻮﻫﻢ‬

ُ ُْ B ُ ْ ُ َُْ ََُْْ َ ْ َُ َ َ
9. ‫ﻗ ﻠ ﺘ ُﻪ‬ 10. ‫آﺗﻴﺘﻤﻮﻫﻦ‬ 11. ‫أﻛﺒﻧﻪ‬ 12. ‫ﻢ‬ï‫ﻧﺼ‬

35
Translate based on the English clues
َ َْ َْ َ
1. ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ (to destroy) We destroyed her
2. ‫ﺟﺎَءُﻫْﻢ‬
َ
(to come) He came to them
ْ َ‫ﻋَُﻘﻠ‬
3. ‫ﺖ َﻣَﻮاِزْﻳﻨُُﻪ‬ (to become heavy) His scales became heavy
B َ
ُ ‫ﺎ‬B‫ﻜﻨ‬
4. ‫ﻛْﻢ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ (to settle someone/something) We settled you all
َ
5. ‫َﻣﺎ َﻣﻨََﻌﻚ‬ (to forbid) He did not forbid you
َ
ْ َ‫أْﻏَﻮْﻳﺘ‬
6. ‫ﻨ‬ (to put in error)
ِ You put me in error
َ َ
7. ‫ﺗﺒَِﻌﻚ‬ (to follow) He followed you

ُ ْ B
8. ‫ﻓَﻮﺳَﻮس ﻟﻬَﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴَﻄﺎن‬
َُ َ ْ َ Shaytan whispered evil
(to whisper evil suggestions)
suggestions to both of them
َ
9. ‫َوﻗﺎَﺳَﻤُﻬَﻤﺎ‬ (to swear to someone) And he swore to both of them

َ َ ‫ﺸ‬B‫َذاﻗَﺎ اﻟ‬
10. ‫ﺠَﺮة‬ Both of them tasted (from)
(to taste)
the tree
َ َُْ ََْ َ
11. ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻨﺎ أﻏﻔَﺴﻨﺎ‬ (to wrong) We wronged ourselves

Bْ ّ
12. ‫أﺧَﺮج أَﺑَﻮﻳﻜْﻢ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟ َﻨِﺔ‬
ُ ْ َ َ ْ َ He expelled your(dual) fathers
(to expel)
from Jannah
ً َ َ َ ُ َ َ
ِ ‫ِذا ﻓﻌﻠْﻮا ﻓﺎ‬+‫َو‬
13. ‫ﺣﺸﺔ‬ (to do) And when they do a foul deed

ْ ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻘ‬ë ْ
َ ّ ََ
14. ‫ﺴ ِﻂ‬ ِ ِ ْ ِ ‫أﻣَﺮ ر‬ (to command) My Master commanded with
justice

َََْ َ َ
ِ ‫ﺮم ِزﻳﻨﺔ ا‬B‫ﻣْﻦ ﺣ‬
15. ‫ﷲ‬ (to make illegal/forbid) Who has prohibited the
adornment of Allah
ُُ َ َ َ
16. ‫ﺟﺎَء أﺟﻠﻬْﻢ‬ (to come) their appointed time came
َْ َ َُ‫ﻜ‬ ْ َْ َ َ َ B َ ْ B َ
17. ‫ﺒْوا ﻗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓَﻦ ﻛﺬُﺑﻮا ِﺑﺂﻳﺎِﺗﻨﺎ واﺳﺘ‬œ
ِ ‫وا‬ Those who denied Our verses
and stand arrogant against
(To be arrogant) (to deny) them

36
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns.
ُ ََ َ
1. ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻜْﻢ‬ ___He___ created __all of you___.
ُ ْ
2. ‫ِﺟﺌﺘُﻜْﻢ‬ _I___ came to _all of you___.
ْ
3. ‫ﻌﺘَُﻬْﻢ‬B‫َﻣﺘ‬ _You __ provided comforts for __all of them_.
ُ ْ
4. ‫َﺟَﻌﻠﻨَﺎﻛْﻢ‬ __We_ made _all of you___.
ْ
5. ‫َوَﺟﺎَءﻳُﻬْﻢ‬ and _she __ came to __all of them__.
َ ْ َ َ
6. ‫ﺠَﻌﻠﻨَﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ Then _We_ made __it(f)__.
7.
ُ‫َﻗَﻘﻠُْﻮه‬
__They___ understood ___him/it___.
َ َُ َ َ
8. ‫ﺑْﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺬ‬ Then _they___ slaughtered __it(f)___.
ْ
9. ‫ﺴﺘُﻬْﻢ‬B‫َﻣ‬ __She/it___ touched ___all of them___.
ُ َْ
10. ‫آﺗﻴﻨَﺎﻛْﻢ‬ __We___ gave _all of you___.
َْ َُ َ
11. ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻮﻧﺎ‬ _They__ wronged ___us___.
ْ ُ ْ َ َ ََ
12. ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺗﻜﻢ‬ __It(f)___ seized _all of you____.
ْ ُ َْBَ
13. ‫ﻧﻴﻨﺎﻛﻢ‬ __We___ rescued __all of you__.
ُ ْ B َ
14. ‫ﻓﻀﻠﺘُﻜْﻢ‬ __I__ favored __all of you__.
َ ُ َ َ ْ ََ
15. ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻬﻤﺎ‬ _He___ expelled __both of them____.
B
16. ‫َﻋﻠْﻤﺘَﻨَﺎ‬ __you___ taught __us___.
ْ ُ َ ََ
17. ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻬﻢ‬ ___he____ brought before ___them___.
ُ ْ
18. ‫َﻧَﻌﺜﻨَﺎﻫْﻢ‬ ___we ___ raised ___all of them____.

37
 َ َ ْ َْ َ
19. ‫أﻛﺮﻫﺘﻨﺎ‬ __you__ forced ___us____.
َْ َََُ
20. ‫ﻓﻌﻘﺮوﻫﺎ‬ __they___ hamstrung ___her/it____.
ْ ُ ُْ َ ََْ
21. ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺬرﺗﻜﻢ‬ ___I___ warned __all of you_____.
ُ َ ْ ََْ
22. ‫أﻧﺰﺠﺎه‬ _We___ sent __it/him___ down.
ْ ُ َْ ََ
23. ‫أﻃﻌﻨﻜﻢ‬ _they(f)___ obey _all of you___.
ُ ََ ْ
24. ‫أﺧﺘه‬ __he___ made __him___ immortal.
َ َ َ
25. ‫ﺠَﻌﻠُﻬْﻢ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ___He____ made ___all of them___.
َ َ ْ َ ْ َ
26. ‫أﻗﻄﻴﻨﺎك‬ ___We____ gave ____you____.
ُ َْ
27. ‫ﻦ‬B‫آﺗﻴﺘُُﻤْﻮﻫ‬ You all___ gave ____them(f)___.
B ُُُْْ َ
28. ‫ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻤﻮﻫﻦ‬
ِ ___You all__ hated ____them(f)____.
ْ ُ ْ ََُُْ
29. ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻤﻮﻫﻢ‬ ___You all___ killed ____them_____.
ْ َُ َ َ
30. ‫ﻢ‬ï‫ﻧﺼ‬ __he___ helped ___all of you___.
ََBَََ
31. ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ __He__ accepted ___her___.
َ َ َ ََْ
32. ‫وأﻧﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ and _He__ caused __her___ to grow.
B
33. ‫ك‬ ِ ‫َﻃﻬَﺮ‬ __He___ purified __you(f)___.
ُ ْ
34. ‫ِﺟﺌﺘُﻜْﻢ‬ __I___ came to _all of you___.
َ ُْB َ
35. ‫ﻛﺬﺑﻮك‬ _They__ lied against ___you_____.

38
 ُ َ ُْ ُ ْ ْ
Present Tense ‫اﻟِﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎِر‬
‫ع‬

Plural Pair Singular

ُ ُ ُ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫَﻮ‬
َ ْ ُ ُ َْ َْ ُ‫َﻓْﻨُﺼ‬
They help. They (2) help. He helps.

ُ
Masculine 3rd person

َ
‫ﻓﻨﺼاِن ﻓﻨﺼون‬
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
They(f) help. They (2f) help She helps.

ُ َْ ُ‫َﻳْﻨُﺼ‬
Feminine 3rd person

َ
‫ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻓﻨﺼن‬
You all help.
ْ‫َأﻏُْﺘﻢ‬ You (2) help.
َ‫َأﻏُْﺘﻤﺎ‬ You help.
َ‫َأﻧْﺖ‬

َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ُ َْ ُ‫َﻳْﻨُﺼ‬
Masculine 2nd person

َ
‫ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻳﻨﺼون‬
B‫َأﻧُْﺘ‬ َ‫َأﻏُْﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
َْ
You all(f) help You (2f) help You help(f). ِ ‫أﻧ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ ُ َْ َْ ُ َْ
Feminine 2nd person

َ
‫ﺼﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻳﻨﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
ِ
ُ‫ﻧﻦ‬ َْ ََ
َ
We help. ‫أﻧﺎ‬
ْ
I help.

ُ‫ﻏﻨُﺼ‬ْ َ ُ‫أﻧُﺼ‬
1st Person

39
Present Tense Tips
ُ َ ُ َ ُ َ ُ َ
Remember a present tense will start with a ‫ن ن أ أ ت ت ي ي‬.

Below are the present tense tips, along with two example words and
translation.
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ُ
he teaches ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ he helps ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ُي = ﻫَﻮ‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬
‫ﻓَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬
ُ
they(2,m) teach they(2,m) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ (m) ‫ اِن = ﻫَﻤﺎ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
َ ّ ُ َ ُ ُ َْ ُ َ
they(pl,m) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ they(pl,m) help ‫ﺼْون‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ ْون = ﻫْﻢ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ َ ْ ُ َْ
they(pl,f) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠْﻤَﻦ‬ they(pl,f) help ‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ُ َ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ْن = ﻫ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
ُ‫ُﻳَﻌِﻠّﻢ‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼ‬
she teaches she helps
َ‫ َأﻧْﺖ‬or ‫ﻫ‬ ُ َ
َ ِ =‫ت‬/‫ت‬
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
you(m,s) teach ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ you(m,s) help ‫ﺼ‬
ّ ُ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
they(2,f) teach ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ they(2,f) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ َْ ُ ُ َ
ّ ُ ‫ أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬or (f)‫ اِن = ﻫَﻤﺎ‬+ ‫ت‬/‫ت‬
you(2) teach ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ you(2) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
َ َُُّْ َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ْ‫ ْوَن = َأﻏُْﺘﻢ‬+ ‫ت‬
ُ َ
/‫ت‬
you(pl,m) teach ‫ﻳﻌِﻠﻤﻮن‬ you(pl,m) help ‫ﻳﻨﺼون‬
َ ْ ‫ُﻳَﻌﻠّﻤ‬ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ َْ َ ْ ُ َ
you(f,s) teach ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ you(f,s) help ‫ﺼﻳَْﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﺖ‬ِ ‫ ﻓﻦ = أﻧ‬+ ‫ت‬/‫ت‬
ّ ُ َ ْ ُ َْ B‫ َْن = َأﻧُْﺘ‬+ ‫ت‬
‫ﻳَﻌِﻠْﻤَﻦ‬
ُ َ
you(pl,f) teach you(pl,f) help ‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ /‫ت‬
I teach ُ‫أَُﻋِﻠّﻢ‬ I help ُ‫أَﻧُْﺼ‬ ََ ُ َ
‫أ = أﻧﺎ‬/‫أ‬
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ َْ ُ َ
we teach ‫ﻏَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ we help ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ن = ﻧُﻦ‬/‫ن‬

40
Translate based on the English clues
َ ْ ُB ََ B ًْ َ
1. ‫ﻗِﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺬﻛﺮون‬ to remember How little you all remember
َ َْ
‫ِﺑﺂﻳَﺎِﺗﻨَﺎ ﻓﻈِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬
to wrong/do They do injustice to our
2.
injustice miraculous signs
َ ُ َ
3. ‫ َوِﻓﻴَْﻬﺎ ﻳُﻤْﻮﺗْﻮن‬to live and to die And you all die in it

4.
َ‫ﺄُ َﻋﻠَﻴْﻬﺎ‬ïB‫ أَﺗََﻮ‬to lean I lean on it
ُ ُ َ
5. ‫ ﻓﺘَﻘْﻮل‬to say So you say
ُB َ ََ ُBََ
6. ‫ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬to take a reminder Perhaps he may take a reminder
ُ ََ َB
7. ‫ِإﻏﻨﺎ ﻧﺎف‬ to fear Certainly, we fear

8. ‫ن‬
َْ ُ
ِ ‫ ﻳِﺮﻳﺪا‬to want Both of them want
َ َْ
9. ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ ﻳِﺼﻔﺎ‬to put together Both of them put together
ْ ‫ﻓ َﻣَﺴﺎﻛﻨ‬
10. ‫ﻬﻢ‬ ِِ ِ ْ ِ ‫ َﻓْﻤُﺸْﻮَن‬to walk They walk in their dwellings
َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ to say
11. ‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻮن‬ They say
َ َْ َ
12. ‫ ﻓَﺴﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮن‬to know So you all will know
ًْ َ َ ْ َُُْ َ
13. ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻘﻮن ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬to create They don’t create a thing

14. ‫ت‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻚ ُﻏَﻔ ّﺼُﻞ ا ْﻵﻳ‬

َ ٰ َ َ to explain In that way, we explain the
ِ ِ ِ ‫ﻛﺬ ﻟ‬ miraculous signs
ْ َ َ َ to wait
15. ‫ﺑﺼَﻦ‬B‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ They (f) wait

16. ‫ن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ّ‫ ُﻓَﻌﻠ‬to teach

‫ﻤ‬
ِ ِ Both of them teach
َ ُ ْ ‫ُﻤْﻮَن‬B‫ َﻓﻴَﺘََﻌﻠ‬to learn
17. ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
So they learned from both of
ِ them

41
 Present tense and pronouns. Translate based on the English cues
ْ ُ ‫ُﻓَﻘﺎﺗﻠُْﻮَﻧ‬
‫َﻳﺄِﻳﻴَﺎِﻧَﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜْﻢ‬
Both of them
1. to commit 2. ِ fight They fight you all
commit it
ُ ‫َﻳﻌُﻈ‬ َ ُ
3. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ِ to advise He advises you all 4. ‫ﻓْﻌِﺠﺒُﻚ‬ to impress He impresses you
ُ ُ َْ ُ ‫َﻓﺒُْﻐْﻮَﻧ‬
5. ‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬُه‬ to take She takes it 6. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ to want They want you all
َ َ َُ ْ َ َ ْ
7. ‫ﺴﺄﻟْﻮﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ask They ask you 8. ‫َﻳﻠِﻤُﺰك‬ to criticize He criticizes you
َُ
‫ﻳﺎِوُرُه‬
He converses with ُ ُ ْ ‫َأ‬
10. ‫ﺣﻠﻜْﻢ‬
9. converse with ِ to carry I carry you all
him
َُ
11. ‫ﺼْوﻧﻪ‬
ُ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ُ َْ ُ ََْ
12. ‫ﻳﻌﻠُﻤﻬْﻢ‬
You know them /
to help They help him to know
she knows them
َُ ُ
13. ‫ﺨﺬْوﻧﻪ‬
Bََ ُ ْ
14. ‫ُﻳِﺼﻴﺒُﻬْﻢ‬
He afflicts them /
ِ ‫ﻓﺘﺘ‬ to take You all take it to afflict
it afflicts them
to hold to seek He seeks
ُ ُ ‫ُﻳَﺆا‬ َ ُ َْ َ
ْ ‫ﻳ‬
15. ‫ﺧﺬﻫْﻢ‬
He holds all of them
ِ accountabl 16. ‫ﺴﺘﺄِذﻧﻚ‬ permission permission from
accountable
e from you
ُ ُ ْ‫َﻧ‬
17. ‫ﺸُه‬ to gather We gather him/it
ُ ُ ‫ُﻳْﺪ‬
18. ‫ﺧﻠﻬْﻢ‬ِ To admit
he will admit
them
َْ
ْ ‫ﻳُﺰُﻧ‬ ُ ْ ُ
20. ‫َﺳﻨِﻄﻴُﻌﻜْﻢ‬
We will obey you
19. ‫ﻨ‬ ِ to sadden It saddens me obey
all
َ ّ ُ ُّ ْ ْ
21. ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤﻚ‬ 22. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ï‫ُﻳﺪِر‬
He/ it reaches all
to teach He teaches you reach
of you
ُُُ ْ َ َُ َ
ْ ‫ﻳ‬
23. ‫ﻦ‬B‫َﻳﺄﻛﻠﻬ‬
He eats all of them
to eat 24. ‫ﺴﺄﻟﻚ‬ to ask He asks you
(f)
ُ َُُّ
25. ‫أﻧِﺒﺌﻜْﻢ‬ ْ ‫ُﺗْﺆُذْوَﻧ‬
26. ‫ﻨ‬
to inform I inform you all ِ to harm You all harm me
ّ َ
ُ ِ ‫ُﻳﺒ‬ ُ ُْ
28. ‫ﻳﻨِﺬُرﻫْﻢ‬
to give good He gives good news You warn all of
27. ‫ﺸِك‬ to warn
news to you (f) them
ُ ّ َُ
29. ‫ﻳِﺬُرﻛْﻢ‬
ُ ُْ
30. ‫ُﻳِﻤﻴﺘﻜْﻢ‬
He causes you all
to warn He warns you all to cause to die
to die
ُ َ ُ ّ َُ
31. ‫ﺗِﺪﺛْﻮﻏﻬْﻢ‬
All of you inform all ُ َ ُ َ
32. ‫ﻳُﺴْﻮﻣْﻮﻧﻜْﻢ‬
They were
to inform to afflict
of them afflicting you all
ُ ُّ ُ َ ُ ُ ْ
33. ‫ﻀﻫْﻢ‬ 34. ‫َﻳﺄﻣُﺮﻛْﻢ‬
He harms all of He commands all
‫ﻳ‬ to harm to command
them of you
َُ ُ َُ ُ َُ
35. ‫ﻳﺒُّْﻮﻏﻬْﻢ‬ 36. ‫ﻳِّﺮﻓْﻮﻧﻪ‬
They love all of
ِ to love to distort They distort it
them
ََ ُ ُْ
37. ‫ﻓﻨِﻔﻘْﻮﻏﻬﺎ‬
ُ َ ُّ َ ُ
38. ‫ﻳﺎﺟْﻮﻧﻜْﻢ‬
They argue (with)
to spend They spend it argue
you

42
Inside Doer vs. Outside Doer
ُ ‫َﻛَﺘْﺒ‬
If the doer of the fi’l is a pronoun, then it is an inside doer. Eg: I wrote. ‫ﺖ‬
َُ َ َ َ
If the doer is NOT a pronoun, it is an outside doer. Muhammed wrote. ‫ﻤٌﺪ‬B‫ﺐ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺘ‬

Rules for the Outside Doer:

The outside doer must be:
• After the ‫( ِﻓْﻌﻞ‬doesn’t have to be directly after)
ْ
• In ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬status
ْ ُ
The ‫ ِﻓﻌﻞ‬should be in the ‫ ﻫَﻮ‬or ‫ﻫ‬
َ ِ form ONLY.

Examples:
A Muslim said.
َ َ
‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬ A Muslim woman said.
ٌ
‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬ ْ َ‫َﻗﺎﻟ‬

Two Muslims said. ‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬

َ َ
Two Muslim women said. ‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎِن‬ ْ َ‫َﻗﺎﻟ‬

Muslims said.
َ
‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬
َ َ
Muslims(f) said.
ٌ
‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ْ َ‫َﻗﺎﻟ‬

َ
What is the doer (‫)ﻓﺎِﻋﻞ‬, if any, in the following sentences? The fi’l is highlighted.
َْ َْ َ ‫ﺧَﻞ‬
َ ََ َ َ ُّ َُُْ َ
1. ‫ ﺗُﺮُج ِﻣْﻦ أﻓَﻮاِﻫِﻬْﻢ‬inside 2. ‫ﺘَُﻪ‬B‫ﺟﻨ‬ ‫ ود‬inside 3. ‫ﺳﻴﻘﻮل اﻟﺴﻔﻬﺎُء‬
َ ْ َ َ ُّ ُ َ ْ َ َُْ َ َ
4. ‫ ﻧُﻦ ﻏﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬inside 5. n‫ﻗﺎل ﻣﻮ‬ 6. ‫ﷲ ُﻳِﺮْﻳُﺪ‬
ُ ‫ َوا‬inside

ْ ُ ُّ ْ ُ َ ُ ْ َ ْ ُّ ْ ْ ُ
8. ‫ﻜُﻢ اﻟﻤﻮت‬ï‫ﻳﺪِر‬ ُ ‫ُﻳﺮْﻳُﺪ ا‬
7. ‫ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا َرﺑﻜﻢ‬inside 9. ‫ﷲ‬ ِ
ُ ‫َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎَء ا‬ َ ُّ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َْ
10. ‫ﷲ‬ 11. ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻓﻌﻞ َرﺑﻚ‬ 12. ‫ ﻧُﻦ ﻣﺼِﻠﺤﻮن‬none
َْ B َْ َْ َ َْْ
14. ‫ﷲ َواﻟﻔﺘُﺢ‬
َ ‫إَذا‬
ُ ْ َ‫ﺟﺎَء ﻧ‬ ْ ُ ُ َّ ْ َ
15. ‫ﻓﻤﺎ َرِﺑﺖ ِﺗﺎَرﻳﻬﻢ‬
ََ
13. ‫ أﻗﺘﺪﻧﺎ ﻟ ِﻠﻈﺎﻟ ِِﻤﻴ‬inside ِ ‫ﺼا‬ ِ
َُ ُ ْ
َ ‫أﺣﺎَط ﺑﻬﻢ‬ َ َ ْ ِ ‫ َﺳﺘَﺠُﺪ‬inside
17. k
َََْ ََ َْْ
18. ‫ اِﺳﺘﻄﻌﻤﺎ أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬inside
16. ‫ﺳاِدﻗﻬﺎ‬ ِِ ِ
ْ ْ
َ ‫ﻓا‬
19. ‫ﻛﺤِﺮ‬
َ ََُْْ
ْ ِ ‫ ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬inside ّ ُ ْ
ْ ‫ﺟﺎَء َوﻋﺪ َر‬
20. ë
َ ْ ُُْ َ B َ
21. ‫ﺿﻞ ﺳﻌﻴﻬﻢ‬
ِ
َْ ٌ َْ ْ َ َ
َ ُْ َ َْ ْ ُ
22. ‫ ﻫﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻮن‬inside ٰ َ ‫ﺟﺎَءُه اﻷْﻗ‬
23. ‫ﻤ‬
َ 24. ‫ﻋِﻠﻤﺖ ﻏﻔﺲ‬

43
 ْ
Making Present Tense Light (‫)َﻣﻨُﺼْﻮب‬

To make the present tense light:

B ُ ْ‫ أَﻧ‬versions do not change.
1) The ‫ﻦ‬B‫ ُﻫ‬and ‫ﺘ‬

2) If the present tense ends in a ◌

ُ then change the ◌
ُ to a ◌َ.
3) If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.

Light Present Tense Chart

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼ‬

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼْي‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ َ‫أَﻧ ُْﺼ‬

44
 َ ْ ُ ْ
B ‫ﻟ ُُﺮْوُف ا‬
Light Harfs for Present Tense ‫ﺠﺎِﺻﺒَﺔ ﻟ ِﻠُﻤﻀﺎِرِع‬ ‫ا‬

The following harfs make the present tense light

Word Meaning/Notes
ْ َ to
‫أن‬ Used as a connector. Eg: I want to read.
ْ‫ﻟَﻦ‬ will not

ْ َ ‫ِﻟ‬
so that
‫ﻜ‬ َ
ْ َ ‫ِل ﻛْ ِﻟ‬
This word has three forms: ‫ﻜ‬
ْ َ ً
‫ِإذا ِإذن‬ in that case

kB‫َﺣ‬ until

Examples of light harf in the Quran

Indeed, Allah is not timid to present any B‫ﻀَب َﻣﺜًَﻼ ﻣﺎ‬ ْ َ َْ ْ ْ َ َْ َ َ B
example ِ ‫ِإن اﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤ ِﻴ أن ﻳ‬
Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter ً َ ََ ْ َُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َُْ َ B
a cow. ‫ِإن اﷲ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻛﻢ أن ﺗﺬﺑﻮا ﻧﻘﺮة‬
We will not associate anyone with our ً‫َوﻟَْﻦ ﻧ ُّْﺸَك ﺑَﺮﺑّﻨَﺎ أََﺣﺪا‬
Master. ِ ِ ِ
So that we may exalt You much ً ْ ‫ﻚ َﻛﺜ‬ َ َ ّ َُ َْ
‫ﻴا‬ ِ ‫ﻛ ﻧﺴﺒِﺤ‬
َ َْ َ َْ َ ْ ُ َ
‫ﻴ ﻧِﺬﻳًْﺮا‬
So that he may be to the nations a
warner
‫ﻜﻮن ﻟ ِﻠﻌﺎﻟِﻤ‬¤ِ
ُ َ َُ B َ
‫ﺮُﺳْﻮل‬B‫ ﻓﻘْﻮل اﻟ‬kٰ ‫ﺣ‬
Until the Messenger says

ْ ٰB َ َ ْ ُْ ْ ُ َْ ََ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ﻳُﺆِﻣ‬k
And do not marry polytheistic women
until they believe ‫ِت ﺣ‬5‫ﺸ‬
ِ ‫ﻜﺤﻮا اﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻨ‬

45
 َْ
Making Present Tense Lightest (‫)ﻣُﺰْوم‬

To make the present tense lightest:

B ُ B َُْ
a. The ‫ ﻫﻦ‬and ‫ أﻧﺘ‬versions do not change.

b. If the present tense ends in a ◌

ُ then change the ◌
ُ to a ◌۟.
c. If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.

Lightest Present Tense Chart

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬

‫ﺼ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼ‬

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼْي‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ْ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ ْ‫أَﻧ ُْﺼ‬

46
 َ ْ ُ ُ ْ
Lightest Harfs for Present Tense ‫اﻟ ُُﺮوف اﻟَﺎِزَﻣﺔ ﻟ ِﻠُﻤﻀﺎِرِع‬

The following harfs make the present tense lightest

Word Meaning/Notes
ْ if
‫ِإن‬ Can be used with past and present tense.
ْ‫ﻟ َﻢ‬ did not.
Only used with present tense, pushes meaning to past tense
َ not yet.
‫ﻤﺎ‬B‫ﻟ‬ If used with present tense it means “not yet”
If used with past tense it means “when”

‫ِل‬ should

Examples of lightest harf in the Quran

َ ُّ ُ ََ ْ َ B
‫ِإﻧﻚ ِإن ﺗﺬْرﻫْﻢ ﻳُِﻀﻠْﻮا ِﻋﺒَﺎدَك‬
Indeed, if You leave them, (then) they
will mislead Your servants
َ َ َْ
All of you didn’t find a scribe ‫ﺗُﺪْوا ﻛِﺗﺒًﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
َ ُ ُ B ْ
‫ﻤﺎ ﻳَﺬْوﻗْﻮا َﻋﺬاِب‬B‫ﺑَﻞ ﻟ‬
Rather, they have not yet tasted My
punishment
Then (as a result) they should respond to
َ ُ B َ ْ ْ ُ ْ ُْ َ ْ ْ ُْ َ ْ َْ َ
Me and they should believe in Me that ‫ ﻟَﻌﻠُﻬْﻢ ﻳَْﺮﺷُﺪْون‬8 ِ ‫ﺆِﻣﻨﻮا‬¤‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘِﺠﻴﺒﻮا ِﻟ و‬
they may be [rightly] guided.

47
‫)‪Determine if the present tense is Normal(N), Light(L) or Lightest(T‬‬
‫َْ ََْ ْ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫‪ُْ¤ L‬ﻨﺬَر ﺑَﺄًْﺳﺎ َﺷﺪﻳْ ً‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫‪َ N‬ﺗُْﺮُج ِﻣْﻦ َأﻓَْﻮاﻫﻬ ْ‬
‫‪ T‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﻞ ‪1.‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َََْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُّ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ ‪َُ ْB‬‬
‫‪ِ L‬ﺠﻌﻠﻢ ‪4.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻏﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ‪5.‬‬ ‫‪ L‬ﻟﻦ ﻧﺪﻋﻮ ‪6.‬‬

‫َْ َ ُُ ْ َْ َ ً‬ ‫َُ ُُّ ْ‬

‫‪ N‬ﻏﻘِﻠﺒﻬﻢ ‪8.‬‬
‫ََ َ َُْ‬
‫‪¤ِ T‬ﺘﺴﺎءﻟﻮا ‪9.‬‬
‫‪ N‬ﺗﺴﺒﻬﻢ أﻓﻘﺎﻇﺎ ‪7.‬‬
‫َ ََْ َ ‪ْ B‬‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ َْ ُ ْ‬
‫‪ T‬إِن ﻓﻈﻬﺮوا ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ‪11.‬‬
‫َْ ُْ ُ ْ‬
‫‪ L‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﻔِﻠﺤﻮا ‪12.‬‬
‫‪ T‬و‪¤‬ﺘﻠﻄﻒ ‪10.‬‬

‫َ ْ ََ َ ُ‬
‫‪ L‬أن ﻳﺸﺎء اﷲ ‪13.‬‬ ‫ﺸك ‪14.‬‬
‫‪َ N‬وَﻻ ﻳ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫‪َ T‬و‪ْ+‬ن ﻳ َْﺴَﺘﻐْﻴُﺜ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪15.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َُ ُ ‪ْB‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻴا َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُّ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ َُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ N‬ﻓﻘِﻠﺐ ﻛﻔﻴِﻪ ‪16.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎل ‪17.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻧﺴ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ T‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻏﻐﺎِدر ‪18.‬‬

‫ُ‬
‫‪ T‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠِﻢ اﷲ ‪19.‬‬
‫َ‪َْ َ B‬‬
‫‪ k‬ﻓﻘﻮل اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ‪20.‬‬
‫َ ‪ُْ ُB ََُْ B‬‬
‫‪ L‬ﺣ ٰ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ّ َ َ َ ًْ‬
‫‪ L‬ﻛْ ﻧﺴِﺒﺤﻚ ﻛِﺜﻴا ‪21.‬‬

‫َْ ُْ ُْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪوا ‪23.‬‬

‫‪ L‬ﻟَْﻦ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺮق ‪24.‬‬
‫ُْ َ‬
‫‪ T‬ﻟﻢ ﻳﺆِﻣﻨﻮا ‪22.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ِ L‬ﻛﻐ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺗﺪ ‪25.‬‬
‫‪ L‬ﻓََﻠْﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ﻎ‬
‫َ ‪َُْ ٰB‬‬
‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫‪َ T‬وَﻻ ﺗُْﺮِﻫْﻘ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪26.‬‬ ‫‪27.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ‪َ ُ B‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َُ ُْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪ T‬ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ‪28.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻫﻞ أﺗِﺒﻌﻚ ‪29.‬‬ ‫‪ L‬أن ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮا ‪30.‬‬

‫َََ َ ُ ْ َ ََُْ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬
‫‪ N‬ﻳﺘﻨﺎزﻋﻮن ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ أﻣﺮﻫﻢ ‪31.‬‬
‫‪َ N‬ﺳَﺘﺠُﺪ ِ ْ‬
‫‪32. k‬‬ ‫م‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻗَ ْ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ٰ‬
‫َْ ُُ ََ‬
‫‪ N‬ﻳﻄﻠﻊ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪33.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ََ َْ ْ‬ ‫ْ َْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻄﻴﻊ ‪34.‬‬
‫‪ L‬ﻓََﻠْﻦ ﺗ َْﺴَﺘ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫‪ L‬أن ﺗﻌ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪35.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪36.‬‬

‫ﺠﻴﺒﻮا ‪37.‬‬
‫‪ T‬ﻓََﻠْﻢ ﻳ َْﺴَﺘ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫َ ‪َ َ َ ْ ُ ٰB‬‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪َ L‬أْن َﻓْﻈَﻬُﺮْو ُ‬
‫ه‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪38.‬‬ ‫‪39.‬‬

‫ت َر ّ ْ‬ ‫‪َ L‬أْن َﻳْﻨَﻔَﺪ َﻛَﻤﺎ ُ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫‪ T‬ﻓَﻠَْﻴْﻌَﻤْﻞ َﻗَﻤًﻼ َ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫‪َ L‬أْن ﻳَُﻀ ّﻴُﻔْﻮُﻫ َ‬
‫‪40. ë‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪41.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪42.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ L‬أْن أ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ L‬أْن ﻳُْﺮﻫَﻘُﻬ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪َ L‬أْن ُﻓْﺒﺪﻟ َُﻬَﻤﺎ َرُّﺑُﻬ َ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ‪43.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪44.‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪45.‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ ْ ََُْ َُ ‪َ ُ B‬‬ ‫ََ ْ َُ ْ‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻓََﺴْﻮَف ُﻏَﻌ ّ ُ ُ‬
‫‪ L‬أن ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺎ أﺷﺪﻫﻤﺎ ‪46.‬‬ ‫‪ T‬أﻟﻢ أﻗﻞ ‪47.‬‬ ‫ﺬﺑﻪ ‪48.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ ْ َْ ُ‬ ‫َُْ ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ َ‬
‫‪49.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻓَﻬﻞ ﻧَﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪50.‬‬ ‫ﻓ َﻧﻌٍﺾ‬‫‪ N‬ﻓﻤﻮج ِ‬ ‫‪51.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻻ ﻳ َﺸﻜُﺮْون‬
‫َ ْ َْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ‪َْ ُB‬‬ ‫َُ ْ‬
‫‪52.‬‬ ‫ﻜﺤَﻦ أْزَواَﺟُﻬ‪B‬ﻦ‬
‫‪ L‬أن ﻓﻨ ِ‬ ‫‪53.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻻ ﺗﻜﻠﻒ ﻏﻔٌﺲ‬ ‫‪54.‬‬ ‫‪ T‬ﻏﻘﺎِﺗﻞ‬
‫َ‪َ َ ُ B‬‬ ‫َْ ُ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ ُ‬
‫‪55.‬‬ ‫‪ L‬أﻻ ﻏﻘﺎِﺗﻞ‬ ‫‪56.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﺗِﻤﻠُﻪ اﻟَﻤﻼﺋِﻜﺔ‬ ‫‪57.‬‬ ‫‪ N‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬهُ ِﺳَﻨﺔ‬

‫‪48‬‬
Common Sense Observations about Commanding and Forbidding:

1) You can’t command/forbid in the past tense.

2) You can’t command yourself.
3) You can’t command/forbid someone who’s not there.
4) It’s easier to forbid than to command.
5) A grammatical command isn’t always really a command. It could be a
suggestion, motivation, permission, advice, request, imperative or sarcasm.

Forbidding
َ
‫ ﻻ‬+ lightest present tense 2nd person.

Examples:

Don’t go! (you sing. Masc)

1) 2nd person present tense. ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬

ُ َ َْ
ْ َ ْ َ
2) Make it lightest. ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
َ ْ َ َْ َ
3) Put ‫ ﻻ‬in front: !‫ﻻ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬

Additional examples:
English Command Normal Verb Lightest Verb Forbidding
َ‫ﺗَﺄُْﻛﻠْﻴ‬ ْ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠ‬
ُ ْ ُ ْ َ
ْ‫ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠ‬
Don’t eat!(you f.) ِ ِ ِ
َ B َ B َ B َ َ
Don’t learn (all of you) ‫ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬
َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ْ َ ْ َ
َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ ْ َ َ
Don’t write (all you fem) ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻻﺗ‬

Note: The difference between a statement and a command

ًُُ ُ ُْ َ َ
Statement/Observation: ‫“ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺒﺎ‬You don’t write books.”
ًُُ ْ ُْ َ َ
Forbidding: ‫“ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺒﺎ‬Don’t (you sing masc) write books!”

49
Commanding
Creating a command:
i. Start with the lightest 2nd person.
ii. Remove the first ‫ت‬.
iii. If the word can be read, leave it alone.
iv. If the word can’t be read, add a helper alif.
v. Harakaat for the helper alif:
ُ
1. If the second to last letter in the ‫ ﻫَﻮ‬present tense has a ◌
ُ
then the helper alif gets a ◌
ُ .
2. Otherwise the helper alif gets a ◌ِ

Examples:
1) Go! (you masc).
Start with normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
ُ َ ْ َ

ُ ‫ﺗَْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫ﺗَْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫ْذَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫اْذَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫اْذَﻫ‬
Make
lightest
Remove
first ‫ت‬
Add helper
alif
Determine
harakah for alif ‫ﺐ‬ ِ
2) Help! (all of you fem)
ْ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ َ ُ َْ
Normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﺼن‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
َ ْ ُ ْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻧ‬
َ ْ ُ ْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫اﻧ‬ َ ْ ُ ُْ
Make
lightest
Remove
first ‫ت‬
Add helper
alif
Determine
harakah for alif ‫ﺼن‬ ‫اﻧ‬
3) Learn! (you fem)
Normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠِﻤﻴ‬
َْ Bَََ

َ ْ ‫ﻠﻤ‬B‫َﻳَﺘَﻌ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻠ‬B‫َﻳَﺘَﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻠ‬B‫َﻳَﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬
ِ
Make Remove
(no helper alif needed)
lightest first ‫ت‬

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 Label each as Commanding(C), Forbidding(F) or Observation(O). Then translate.
Can you retrace the commanding and forbidding to the original fi’l?
ْ َْ َ ُ ُ َ
1. ‫ِاذﻫﺐ‬ C Go!(you masc) 2. ‫ﻻ ﻳَﺬْوﻗْﻮن‬ O
to go ُ ‫َﺗْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ to taste

ُ ْ ّ ََ َ ُ ْ
3. ‫ﺸﻫْﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﺒ‬ C 4. ‫ﺑﻚ‬B‫ر‬B ‫َواذﻛْﺮ‬ C
to congratulate mention
ْ ُ َ ْ ُ َ
5. ‫ﻻ ﺗِﻄﻊ‬ F 6. ‫ﻻ ﻧِﻀﻴُﻊ‬ O
obey waste
َُ َ ُ ‫ا ُْﺳ‬
7. ‫ﻻ ﻓﻐﺎِدُر‬ O 8. ‫ﺠُﺪْوا‬ C
leave out prostrate
َ
ُ َ
‫ﻧﺎدْوا‬ O ْ ْ‫َﻓَﻼ ﺗ َْﺴﺄﻟ‬
‫ﻨ‬ F
9. 10. ِ
to call to ask
ْ ‫َﻻ ﺗَُﺆاِﺧْﺬ‬
k
ْ َ
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘُﺒُْﻮُه‬
11. ِ F 12. C
hold accountable write
َ ْ َ َ ُ
13. ‫َواْﺳﺘﺸِﻬُﺪْوا ﺷِﻬﻴَْﺪﻳِْﻦ‬ C 14. ‫ﻗْﻮﻻ‬ C
bring a witness say

‫ت‬ ََ B ََ ْ ُ َ ْ ُُْ
ِ ِ ‫َوﻗﻮﻣﻮا‬
15. ِ ‫ﺣﺎِﻓﻈﻮا ﻟ اﻟﺼﻠﻮا‬ C 16. ‫ﷲ‬ C
to protect to stand
ُ َ َْ
17. ‫َوﻗﺎِﺗﻠْﻮا‬ C 18. ‫ِاﻋﻠُﻤْﻮا‬ C
fight know
َ ََ َ ْ
19. ‫ﻻ ﺗﺎﻓﺎ‬ O 20. ‫ِاْﻧَﻌﺚ‬ C
to be afraid to send
ُّ B َُْ َ َْ ْ َّ
21. ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻟُﻬَﻤﺎ أٍف‬ F 22. ‫ﺖ أﻗَﺪاَﻣﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ﺛِﺒ‬ C
to say to make firm
َْ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ
23. ‫ﺼﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻧ‬ C 24. ‫ﺧﺬ‬ C
help to take

51
 Cummulative Practice. Grammatically label the parts of these ayaat

َ َ َ ُ َ ْ ْ ََُْْ
ٰ
‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن إِﻟ ﻃﻌﺎِﻣِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈِﺮ ا‬Then let mankind look at his food 80:24
victim
doer fi’l
of HofJ

ُ B َ َ
‫ﺼﺎﺧﺔ‬B‫ ﻓﺈِذا َﺟﺎَءِت اﻟ‬But when there comes the Deafening Blast 80:33
doer fi’l

َ ُ ََ ُB
‫ إِﻧﻪ ﻟﻘْﻮل َرُﺳْﻮٍل ﻛِﺮﻳٍْﻢ‬Verily this is the word of a noble messenger 81:19

sifah mudhaf HoN + Victim

elay ,
mawsoof mudhaf

B ‫ن اﻟُْﻔ‬B+‫ َو‬And indeed, the wicked will be in Hellfire. 82:14

ْ ِ َ‫ﺠﺎَر ﻟ‬
‫ﻔ َﺟِﺤْﻴٍﻢ‬ ِ
HoJ + Victim HoN + Victim

ْ‫ﻢ‬¤َِ‫ﺸُﻫْﻢ ﺑَﻌَﺬاب أ‬
ْ ّ َ‫ ﻓَﺒ‬So give them tidings of a painful punishment, 84:24
ِ
ٍ ٍ ِ
HoJ + Victim forbidding fi’l

ٌ ْ َ ٌ ََ ُB
‫ إِﻧﻪ ﻟﻘْﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ‬Verily, it is a conclusive word, 86:13
Mawsoof & sifah HoN + Victim

َ َ َ ْ ُB
‫ﻜْﻴُﺪْون ﻛْﻴًﺪا‬
ِ ‫ إِﻏﻬﻢ ﻳ‬Indeed, they are planning a plan, 86:15
detail fi’l HoN + Victim

ً‫ َوَأﻛْﻴُﺪ َﻛْﻴﺪا‬But I am planning a plan. 86:16

ِ
detail fi’l

52