®

By
R K Gupta M A

•
•

• Tape Script
• Conversation Occasions
•
 ®
J
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© L

ISBN

RAPIDEX ENGLISH SPEAKING COURSE

A book published in Indian Regional Languages and One International Language
PUSTAK MAHAL Khari Baoli Delhi
 Contents

Ist Expedition
Sentences of Greeting
i Manners and Etiquettes
ii Some Polite Phrases
Exclamations
i Phrases
ii Sentences of Command Order
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
Some Important Helping Verbs
Sentences of Order and Request
Drill Tables
IInd Expedition
Roman Alphabet
Vowels & Consonants
English Pronunciation
Pronunciation of Consonants
Silent letters in Words
what who how
which when where why
Miscellaneous
Negative Sentences
Exercises
IIIrd Expedition
he she it its this that you I each none a an the
Platial Use of prepositions on at into in of to by with besides beside
between among over
i Co relatives
ii Temporals Uses of in within on at before after from to till for how
long yet about by when while until
i Prepositions Uses of from by with in of into against on over
about
ii Phrase Prepositions
Active and Passive Voice
Transformation of Sentences
i Countable Words
ii Uncountable Words
iii The Emphasis
Miscellaneous Uses
i Sentences of Countables and Uncountables
ii Idiomatic Sentences
Drill Tables
IVth Expedition
i Invitation
ii Meeting and Parting
iii Sentences of Gratitude
iv Sentences of Congratulations and good wishes
v Miscellaneous Sentences
i Sentences of Refusal
ii Sentences of Believing
iii Sentences of Request
Sentences Relating to Meals
i Sentences of Time
ii Sentences of Permission
Instruction Order
Instruction Order
i Sentences of Encouragement
ii Sentences of Consolation
iii Sentences of Annoyance
 iv Sentences of Affection
i Sentences of Negation
ii Sentences of Consent
iii Sentences of Sadness
i Sentences Relating Quarrel
ii Sentences of Apologies
iii Sentences of Anger
Exercises
Vth Expedition
At Home
i Out of Home
ii Servant
On Meeting
Shopping
Study
A Health A
B Health B Weather
i Animals
ii Games
i Person and Age
ii Character
iii Dress
Exercises
VIth Expedition
i Etiquette
ii Signals
i Office
ii Things
i Law
ii Radio T V Post Office
Travel
i Recreation
ii Do not s
iii Do s
i Dealings
ii Business
Sayings
i Attending a Wedding
ii In the Cinema
iii On the Playground
iv In the Tourist Office
v In the Hotel
vi With the Servant
vii With the Doctor
viii General Topics
i Idioms
ii Proverbs
Exercises
Pronunciation in Rapidex
Conversation
Before Conversation
Introducing Self and Others
Mother and Son
Talking to a Student
Getting Ready to Go
Asking the Way
Inquiry about a Patient
Talking to a Doctor
At the General Store
Buying a Present
Entertainment Discussing Movies and T V Programmes
Entertaining a Guest
A Birthday Party
At the Bus Stop
At the Railway Station
At the Ticket Window
At the Platform
 In a Party
Talking on the Phone
First Day in the Campus
A Boy Talks to a Girl
Booking a Room in a Hotel
An Interview for the Child s Admission
With the Class Teacher
Complaints
i Electricity Failure
ii Telephone Disorder
iii Complaining about a Faulty Gadget
iv Complaining about Things in General
Inquiring about the Prospective Bridegroom
Marriage Negotiations
i First Meeting between the Boy s and the Girl s Parents
ii The Boy Meets the Girl
Talking about Careers
i Sales and Marketing
ii Journalism
iii Computers
Talking to a Property Dealer for Renting a Flat
An Interview for a Job
Door to Door Selling
Selling in Offices
Kitty Party
At the Bank
Boss and Secretary
The Salesman Reporting to His Boss
I APPENDIX I
Word Building in English
Punctuation
Abbreviations
Numerals
Direct and Indirect Speech
Three forms of Selected Verbs
Important Collective Phrases
Young Ones of Some Animals
Important Words Denoting the Cries of Animals
Words Mostly Heard but Not Mostly Known
One Word Substitutes
Idiomatic use of Names of Animals
Antonyms or Words of opposite meaning
Words Denoting Nationality
Some Important Phrases
Words which Commonly Confuse
Common Errors in the Use of Words
i Errors in the Use of Nouns
ii Errors in the Use of Pronouns
iii Errors in the Use of Adjectives
iv Errors in the Use of Verbs
v Errors in the Use of Adverbs
vi Errors in the Use of Conjunctions
vii Errors in the Use of Prepositions
viii A an the Errors in the Use of Articles
Word Building in English
Prefixes
Suffixes
Key to Word Power
Two Word Verbs
Idioms and Phrases
Vocabulary and Dictionary
Classified Vocabulary
English Hindi Dictionary
Words often Misspelt

II APPENDIX II
 Letter Writing
Letters of Greetings
Letters of Congratulations
Letters of Sympathy
Letters of Regret
Leave Application
Letters of Thanks
Letters of Condolence
Love Letters
Letters of Invitation
Letters on Educational Matters
Reply to Matrimonial Advertisements
Letters to the Responses Received from Matrimonial Ads
Family Letters between Equals
Family Letters from Elder to Younger
Family Letters from Younger to Elder
Letters Supplementing the Queries Arising out of Your Receiving of the
Interview Letters
Job Applications
Letters of Complaints
Letters of Enquiry Regarding Hotel Accommodation
Letters to Bank
Letters to an Insurance Company
Letters of Complaints Business
Letters of Apology
Letters on Official Matters
Letters from the Landlord to the Tenant
Letters from the Tenant to the Landlord
exercises tests tables

Well begun is half done

tenses
 st Day

st Expedition

Informal greetings

Note
 Remember

Grandfather Grandpa
Father Dad Daddy
Grandmother Grandma
Mother Mom Mummy
B

Uncle
Aunt Aunty or Auntie
Sir
Madam
Cousin
Cousin Brother Cousin Sister
Mrs Miss
Ms
 nd Day

Good Manners in English

You

Please
Thanks
Welcome
Kindly
Allow me
After you
Sorry
Excuse me
Pardon
That is alright
It s my pleasure

Please Please Please Kindly

Give me your pen

Give me a glass of water
What is the time
Yes I will drink it

May I have your pen please

A glass of water please
Time please
Yes please

May I borrow your pen please

Give me a glass of water please
What is the time please
a
Thank you Thanks

Many many thanks to you

Thank you very much

b I don t want
to take more No thanks
Thank you
Thanks
It s all right
 No mention
It s fine
My pleasure
Welcome you re welcome

Take it
Yes you are welcome With great pleasure

Allow me May I help you

May I help you

First you
After you

Sorry Excuse me Pardon

a Sorry
b Excuse me
Excuse me
Excuse me
c
Speak loudly I cannot hear anything
Pardon I beg your pardon

d
May I come in please
Yes please come in With great pleasure Of course

B
Some Polite Phrases
 Remember
A

Singular

Mr Kedarnath has come

You
What do you want

He may come at night

B
 I beg your pardon
I beg your Pardon Pardon
Please repeat it

short forms It is It s You are you re

V Verb
rd Day

Exclamation
 Remember
Exclamatory
Sign Really Wonderful
What How What
a shame How wonderful
Exclamatory sentence
 th Day

Phrases
Yes Sir
No sir Very good sir

B
Sentences of Command Order
 Command You
You understood

Remember
B
Please Please stop

Please Kindly i
Kindly grant me leave for one day ii
Kindly look into the matter Please Kindly

Don t Do not can t can not

 th Day

Present Tense
Present Tense Ram studies Ram is
studying Ram has studied Ram has
been studying since morning
Ram studies
Ram is studying Ram has studied
Ram has been studying since
morning Present Indefinite Present Continuous
Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

A
Does Do

B
Is Are Am

C
Has Have
 D
Has been Have been

Remember

You are writing a letter

You have written a letter
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

are have not

are have Present Continuous Tense Present
Perfect Tense
Present Indefinite Tense
You write a letter
I read English
Tense Do Does Do Does
I You Do Does
 th Day

Past Tense

Ram studied Ram was studying Ram had studied

Ram had been studying since morning
Ram Studied
Past Indefinite Ram was studying
Past Continuous Ram had studied
Past Perfect Ram had been studying since morning
Past Perfect Continuous

E
Did

F
Was Were
 G
Had

H
Had been
 Remember
Past Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative
Past Indefinite Tense did Past Continuous Tense was were Past
Perfect Tense had not did was
were had
 th Day

Future Tense
Ram will study Ram will be
studying Ram will have studied Ram will have been
studying since morning
Future Indefinite Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous

I
Will Shall

J
Will be Shall be

K
Will have Shall have
 L
Will have been Shall have been

Remember
A I shall not play B He will not play I
shall He will
He She They It Ram you will I We
Shall I We will He She It They You shall
I will not play tomorrow You shall not return
 th Day

Some Important Helping Verbs

Can Could May Might Must Ought to Should Would
Tenses Special Verbs
helping Verbs Can May

Could Can Might have may Could would request

Can

May

Could

Might Must Ought to Would should

 Remember
a Can I walk a May I walk
b Can you do this job b May I do this job
c Can you sing a song c May I sing a song
Can May
Can I walk May I walk

May Can
could might can may ought should
 th Day

Sentences of Order and Request

imperative mood
Mood Tense Verb

Imperative Mood
A

C
 D

Remember
is are am was were has had will would shall should can could may do did might
Subject
 Do Did

do not did not do

did
 th Day

Exercises

Drill Tables

i
ii Affirmative Negative
is am are was were not She is not ready

iii Affirmative interrogative

Table

Table
 Practice

Good night uncle how are you

Is he your cousin brother
She is not my cousin sister
Good afternoon my son
Good morning mother
Number
Father has come
Mr Sharma has just left
He has called you again
Father has come

Tail Box

a Thanks for your hospitality

b I am very grateful to you I shall be very grateful to you You have been a great help

I am very grateful to you

You have been a great help
I shall be very
grateful to you
c Oh I don t deserve this praise

a God gods b good goods God gods

Good goods

Marvellous Splendid Disgraceful Absurd Excellent

Nonsense
Nasty Woe Hello Hurrah

a Well begun half done b To err is human to forgive divine c Thank you d
Just coming a b c d
eliptical sentences

Just coming

Just coming He is just

coming
 i You speak English ii do you speak English Positive
Interrogative
do special do does
You go to school
You play hockey She is back from office at p m Mother takes care of her children They
go for a morning walk I always work hard

Special Verbs is am are has have

Positive Interrogative is are am has have

special verbs tone

Someone is knocking at the door Your friends are enjoying themselves I am reading a comic
It is Friday today Your hands are clean The train has just arrived We have studied English
It has rained for two hours They have gone to bed You have already finished your dinner

i do does did is are am was were has have had will shall ii would should can could may
might must ought to iii need dare used to
i Tenses
ii would should could might
I may go Interrogative
May I go Negative
not I may not go

Must I tell you again Must she write first Can t you find your book Could they repair it for
me Could you show me the way Won t she be able to get the cinema tickets Won t you be
able to come to see us Should he go to bed early Should not the rich help the poor Dare I
do it Need you be told to be careful May I have the room May I accompany you
Should I ask him first Would you wait for a few minutes Did he give you money often
must ought need dare used to special verbs

Positive Negative

I need a towel She needn t go to the bank You needed rest didn t you I might go to Qutab
Minar You needn t worry I ought to sleep now You needn t go there I must save money
There isn t any need to discuss this He won t attend the meeting will he
 Complete
Q Do you read English Question
A Yes I read English Complete Answer
A Yes I do Short Answer

No I am not going there

Yes I have written to her
No she has not replied to my letter
Yes Madam I woke up early
Yes I ate chat
Yes sir I was reading a book while walking
No I had not gone to cinema
No I shall not play
No we shall not be coming again and again
No she will not have gone

Do you know Do you know him Do you know his address You haven t got hurt have you
Have you anything else to say Are you annoyed Are you going to the market Are you going out
for shopping Are the tomatoes fresh Has he seen your house Has he written to you Did he
know you Have you taken the medicine Did you get something May I make a request Is
everything fine Is it true Does she know you May I go home now Shall we get this
magazine for you Will you do me a favour Will you go for a walk Will this bus stop at Madras
Hotel Should I call him her Should I visit him her Can t you stay for a day Ca nt you lend
me your book for a week Can I see Mr Prakash
 th Day

nd Expedition

Silent Letters

A Z
Letters Capital A Small a

Capital
Small
Capital
Small
Alphabet

a c e i m n o r s u v w x z
b d h k l t
f
g j p q y

Stylish

Cursive
 Remember
Capital Small
Delhi Doctor Dr March Saturday
Capital
Capital i I
 th Day

Vowels Consonants Capital Small

vowels Consonants
Vowels A E I O U Consonants B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z
Vowels Consonants
G H L M N P

Ch th ph sh gh gh Vowel gh Silent
Right ghost gh rough

Small Capital Capital

 Remember
i c k q ck block c
Cease
ii g good j jam g germ generation

iii v w very wall

iv f ph e g fruit Philosophy

q u quick Cheque
 th Day

English Pronunciation
Vowels A
E I O
U

Vowels

A
A a
A
An
At
Lad
Rat
Man
Stand
Mad
Ban
A
All
Wall
Fall
War
Call
Small
A
Far
Are
Star
A
Ware
Spare
Fare
Care
Dare
There
Share
A
A Y I
Pay
Way
Stay
Gay
Brain
Main
E
E e
E
Net
Men
Sell
Well
Leg
Then
Wet
When
E
Be
We
He
She
EE
See
Weep
Bee
Sleep
EA
Clean
Sea
Heat
Meat
E
e Consonants
Vowel A I O U E

a A A E
Shame
Name
Lame
Same
b I I E
Wife
Nine
White
Line
c O O E
Nose
Hope
Smoke
Joke
d U U E
Rule
Tune
June
Tube
EW
Few
Mew
New
Dew

I
I i
I
Ill
Kill
Big
With
Ink
Ship
I
Kind
Mild
Behind
Mike
Bind
Mile
I
I GH I
Right
Sight
Light
High
I
Firm
First
I
Fire
Admire
IE EI
Brief
Siege
Achieve
Receive
Deceive

O
O
O
Ox
On
Fox
Hot
Pot
Spot
Top
Drop
Dot
Soft
Not
God
Got
O
Open
So
Hope
No
Old
Gold
Home
Most
Joke
Post
OW
W
Low
Show
Row
Crow
Sow
OO
Look
Book
Took
Good
OO
Room
Moon
Boot
Noon
Do
Root
O
Son
Come
OW
How
Now
Cow
OY
Joy
Boy
Toy
OU
Our
Sour
Hour

U
U U
U
Up
Cup
Hut
Fun
Mud
Sun
U
Put
Pull
Push
Puss
U
Duty
Sure
Durable
Pure
Y
I

Y
Polygamy
Felony
Policy
Y
Tyre
Typhoid
Y
Dyke
Dynasty

Silent letters

A Silent
Caesar
Haemoglobin
B Silent
Crumbs
Indebted
Plumber
Succumb
C Silent
Sceptre
Scissors
D Silent
Budget
Bridge
Midget
G Silent
Benign
Design
Malign
H Silent
Honorary
Honorariam
K Silent
Knife
Knock
Knuckle
L Silent
Alms
Balm
P Silent
Psyche
Psychiatrist
T Silent
Tsar
Fasten
Nestle
R Silent
Iron
World
W Silent
Wrath
Wrap
Wreck

Remember
Fan Fall Fail Far A

Wet Be See E Shame Line Hope

a i o
I Firm I Fire

OO Room Book look

O U O U Son Son
 th Day

Consonants C
G S T

K P T
J Job

R
R Round Real Roll Run
R Vowel R R Silent
Form Arm Art
S Sweet

F Ph Fall Philosophy

Cent
Cant
C
C
C E I Y C
Receive
Rice
Cinema
Cyclone
Niece
Piece
Icy
Celebrate
Century
Certificate
Circle
Citizenship
Force

C A O U K R T C
Cot
Cap
Cow
Cat
Candidate
Cattle
Back
Cock
Lock
Dock
Cutting
Curse
Custom
Cruel

C IA EA
Social
Ocean
Musician
G
G
GE
Age
Page
Rage
Cage
Sage
Gauge

Ginger
Imagine
Germ
Pigeon
Gist
Gem

Big
Bag
Hang
Go
Gold
Hunger
Give
Finger
Forget
S
S
BE G GG GE IE EF Y S
Tribes
Bags
Eggs
Ages
Heroes
Stories
Rupees
Toys
Rays

F P KE GHT PE TE S
Roofs
Chips
Hopes
Lips
Kites
Ships
Jokes
Nights

S SS IA ION S
Asia
Pension
Session
Aggression
Mansion
Russia
T
T
T IA IE IO T
Initial
Patient
Illustration
Portion
Promotion
Ratio

S TION T URE T
Question
Culture
Nature
Future
Capture
Picture
Creature

T H
th
Thick
Thin
Three
Thread
th
This
That
Then
There

TH T
Thames
Thomas

Remember
The
eg
 th Day

Silent Letters in Words

Silent

mastery

Silent
G nat P sychology
H onour W rite
H our K nowledge
P neumonia

Wrong Know Knitting Honest Psalm

Knitting K T niting Psalm P L Silent

High Right
Sigh
Fight
Might
Flight
Thigh
Light
Night
Delight
Though
Bright
Tight
Knight
Through
Slight
Fright
Sight
Silent gh Knight
K silent

B Silent
Comb
Lamb
Thumb
C Silent
Scent
Science
Scene
G Silent
Sign
Design
Resign
H Silent
Honour
Hour
Thomas
K Silent
Knock
 Knife
Knot
L Silent
Palm
Calm
Half
Walk
Folk
Talk
Should
Would
Could
N Silent
Autumn
Condemn
Hymn
Column
Damn
T Silent
Hasten
Listen
Often
Soften
U Silent
Guard
Guess
Guest
W Silent
Wrong
Answer
Sword
silent
Asthma Heir Island Doubt Reign Wrapper Wednesday
 th Day

What Who How

Does he know Was Gopal reading Will you play

What Who How Which When
Where Why
Remember
 A B do did
What do you say you say What did you say What you said
is was had object

What is Shortened forms what s What s Shortened form

It is It s you are You re I have I ve
 th Day

Which When Where Why

What Who How Which When Where When Why
Which When Where
Why do did
helping verb
 Remember
Who Which Who Which Who
Which

Who Which Who Which

Where s where is
 th Day

Miscellaneous
what where is are am was were has have had will
shall would should
 Remember
i is am are was were had will would shall should can could may might
Subject
 ii

Negative

do did do
did

How do you do
 th Day

Tenses
Assertive
Interrogative Tenses
negative
do did is are was were have had will would shall should can could may might
not do not did not were not have not
can not will not shall not should not would not
don t didn t weren t can t won t shouldn t wouldn t
do not don t

Negative Sentences

Interrogative cum Negative Sentences

It s hot today is nt it It s not cold today is it
Tail Questions
Tail Question It s hot today isn t it
 Tail Question It is not cold today is it
helping verb not is not isn t Tail
Question isn t

Remember

A Short forms
do not don t
does not doesn t
did not didn t
is not isn t
are not aren t
was not wasn t
were not weren t
has not hasn t
have not haven t
had not hadn t
will not won t
shall not shan t
can not can t
must not mustn t
could not couldn t
need not needn t
would not wouldn t
should not shouldn t
B n t forms n n Apostrophe

Tail Question
I did didn t I
He is isn t he
We are aren t we
He was wasn t he
You were weren t you
They had hadn t they
We can can t we
You will won t you
I shall shan t I
I must mustn t I
You would wouldn t you
She could couldn t she
She does not does she
You do not do you

I am I m
We are We re
You are You re
They are They re
He is He s
She is She s
I have you have she he has I ve We have They have
We ve They ve
 th Day

Vowels A E I O U

a a car
far
star
card
hard
dark
mark
arm
farm
harm
art
part
start
heart
guard
answer
can t
balm
palm
calm
half
craft
draft
graph
laugh
b y i my
by
buy
cry
try
spy
style
die
lie
tie
eye
life
wife
like
strike
high
sight
right
height
fight
light
might
night
tight
bind
find
mind
kind
fine
line
nine
pipe
ripe
five
strive
drive
knife
c u o cup
but
cut
rub
bud
dull
sum
fun
gun
up
hunt
lunch
luck
rush
sun
vulgar
cutter
butter
hut
front
worry
some
dozen
cousin
Monday
son
govern
nothing
young
tongue
southern
colour
comfort
become
brother
mother
other
d i it
fit
hit
this
fish
wish
him
in
sin
thin
big
bid
kid
lip
slip
trip
ill
fill
will
kill
still
kick
pick
sick
trick
quick
king
link
spring
wing
fist
list
give
live
stick
clip
pin
e ea ee near
clear
tear
near
hear
fear
appear
ear
year
dear
rear
peer
gear
sheer
beer
deer
cheer
queer
compere
f ea seat
teat
beat
heat
meat
neat
heap
mean
sea
tea
lead
read
meal
each
reach
breach
preach
teach
speak
a f
very good good Not bad
I For example guard balm palm
l tight eight g Silent letters

rough
rough
fall
philosophy
forgive
age
page
from
arm
tribes
hopes
Asia
Simla
Russia
thin
then

Calm Debt Folk Half Knoll Lodge Match Villain Reign

Stalk Unknown Walk
ice can come policy chocolate receipt received pierce of off
accept borne born clothes morale moral island gnat known psychology written honesty psalm
knitting honour wrong hour deny

hieght
height
speek
speak
call
calle
procced
proceed
speach
speech
near
nare
exceed
excede
treat
treet
reech
reach
exprress
express
harrass
harass
ocasion
occasion
havy
heavy
tension
tention
attack
atacke
angry
angary
attension
attention
sleep
sleap
new
nue
simpaly
simply
whitch
which
plastek
plastic
nature
nateur
velley
valley
pleese
please
tuche
touch
flower
flover
compeny
company
midal
middle
 substract
subtract

Interrogative words what who how which when where why

l The shop is closed isn t it we are late aren t we You did come didn t you You won t come
tomorrow will you We won t go there will we If you hadn t told her she wouldn t have known Im
not late today They played well but you didn t They won t reach in time but we will My mother
won t attend the wedding but my father will I must go but you need not You must not write in red
ink He is wrong isn t he I was with you wasn t I You know him well don t you We have
done the work haven t we You have learnt a lot haven t you
 I want three hundred rupees on loan He is known to the Prime Minister No not at all He is a
book worm No sir the postman hasn t come yet Yes he is weak but he is good in English No it is
slow by five minutes Raju I don t have any appetite No this is no thoroughfare Yes It is snowing
too Yes but it gains ten minutes every day No I m not thirsty I have nothing else to say No
he had a headache It takes me half an hour She has gone to her school I have been working
here for the last five years Don t give up No He is an author

What do you want Who knows him Isn t Mahesh fond of games Is there any letter for me
Is he weak in Hindi Does your watch give the correct time Will you have some milk Can we
pass through this way Is it raining Is your timepiece working properly Are you thirsty
What do you want to say next Gopal Did he have fever How much time does it take you to reach
school Where is your sister How long have you been working here What should I do Is
your father a businessman

What That This It a an That This it

Vowels sound an a

TABLE
 What Why Where How

TABLE

Shall Should Will Would Should Would

TABLE
 st Day

rd Expedition

Pronouns Prepositions
Co relatives Active and Passive Voices Temporals Countable Nouns Emphasis and some
notable usages Idioms

He She It This That You I Each None

a an the articles
 Remember
He She That He She That
He She That Bring that
not this
This That These This Those that
This That It
These Those They
A an the articles A an the
countable a an a book a cat an animal an egg Countable
a e i o u an an animal an
Indian a a man a cat
The article This is the book I need

This that these those are called Demonstrative adjectives when they are used with nouns For example
This book that dog these shops those houses etc
nd Day

Platial
on at into in of to by with besides beside between among over
Prepositions
Prepositions
Prepositions
 Remember
at on in with by prepositions platial temporal

on at by with on the table

at the table by with
between among
Kamla is going in her room X
Kamla is going into her room ✓
into
in
 rd Day

Co relatives and Temporals

Co relatives
no
sooner than scarcely when hardly when As soon
as we reached the bus stop the bus left as soon as B
Temporals

A
Co relatives
 B
Temporals
 Remember
No sooner did Rajendra reach the School than the bell started ringing
No sooner than
did Rajendra reach the school bell started ringing
co relatives co relative conjunctions
in on at in February on Tuesday at
AM morning evening in noon night at in the morning in
the evening at night at noon
since since since last
Tuesday since A M for for two months for three
years
 th Day

Prepositions
from by with in of for in into against on over about
Prepositions Preposition
Preposition

From

By

With

In
 Of

For

To

Into

Against

On
 Over

About

Phrase Prepositions

Remember
Prepositions
abstain prevent recover from accompany replace deal please satisfy
with prepare care apologise for addict prefer refer to base rely
on
Prepositions Phrase Prepositions by
dint of for the sake of in order to in the midst on the eve of
Phrase prepositions
 th Day

Active Voice And Passive Voice

i doer Hari learns the first lesson
ii receiver The first lesson is learnt by Hari
active voice passive
voice

i Rama killed Ravana ii

Ravana was killed by Rama Tense Participle
do doing done is was be being has
been

Passive Voice
 Imperative Sentences
a Imperative mood let
b active voice request should passive voice
 Remember
a Rama killed Ravana
b Ravana was killed by Rama
Active Voice Passive Voice

by i Ravana was killed by Rama ii Cricket

will be played by them
by i Let your lesson be learnt ii He was charged with theft

You will be punished for your negligence

The teacher will punish you for your negligence
 th Day

Transformation of Sentences

transformation of sentences
Active Voice and Passive Voice

Interrogative Assertive Exclamatory

Imperative Affirmative Negative
 Remember
a India is our country We are her citizens
country her

tree spider neuter gender

it
ice
sugar
water
flower
grass
bread
feminine gender
masculine gender The ship hasn t come yet She is probably late
ship feminine
gender sun death
 th Day

Countable
Countable nouns Singular
Plural e g Boy Singular Boys Plural

A
Countable Words

B
Uncountable Words
 C
The Emphasis

Remember
Adjective degrees positive poor comparative poorer
superlative poorest
Ram is poorer than Mahesh
He is more careful than his brother
Comparative degree poorer than
Superlative degree the Manohar is the oldest boy in the
class
th Day
Miscellaneous Uses
A
It That

C
 Remember
pronoun it
Lower animal After dressing the wound of the dog the doctor
patted it and sent it home As soon as the
child saw its mother it jumped towards her
Noun Pronoun It was Gandhiji who started the Civil Disobedience
Movement
It is hot It is cold It is raining outside
Object Children find it difficult to sit quietly
He was wrong and he realises it
It he was wrong
th Day
A
Countables & Uncountables

B
Idiomatic Sentences
 Remember

Idiom

Mohan lives from foot to mouth

Mohan lives from hand to mouth
 th Day

Drill Tables

his her their your house

B his hers theirs yours mine or ours
possessive pronouns Possessive pronouns

Example This is my pen Possessive Adjective

This pen is mine Possessive pronoun

TABLE

Mr Ram s Apostrophe s s
This is Mr Mehta s house She is Meena s sister
a day s work a month s supply a year s growth
expressions

TABLE
in under on near Platial Words

too to Linking Words I am too tired to do such heavy work

 TABLE

when as well as after before Linking Words

Clause When we arrived then it began to rain

TABLE

since for Positive

TABLE

prepositions Preposition

TABLE

Passive Voice
is is being has been rd form

TABLE
 be infinitive Passive Voice

Comparative Degree than

TABLE

Superlative Degree best of

TABLE

Countable B Uncountable
Many Countable much Uncountable cup knife pen pencil book
Countable money oil bread tea sand Uncountable

TABLE
a b
 it
TABLE

Negative Nobody Negative Somebody

everybody Positive Nobody took anything last time
Somebody took something last time
anything something

TABLE

Practice
I
Answer
II I

III i Lata does come

ii Lata comes
iii Lata did come
iv Lata came

Lata does come Lata

did come come emphasis

Lata comes Lata came

Positive Sentences do does did

i My mother does like children

ii Children do like to play
iii The labourers did shout loudly
iv Do come tomorrow

IV
 He is a an American The train is late by half a an hour Is he a an Russian Qutab Minar
is a an the highest tower in India Sonepat is a an the small town in Haryana These pictures is
are mine He has gone to out of Delhi Are you going to for sleep Put on a raincoat lest you
will shall should get wet Neither Mahesh nor Ramesh play plays football Is she known knew
to you They pray every day for till fifteen minutes Either Sati or Mati is are to blame She is
too so weak to walk I am too so weak that I can t walk

an an a the a are out to should plays known for

is too so

B B A B B A

VI
This is a ass That is a book Thats my book We travelled by ship It is a fine ship I am taller than
he He was looking me He had hardly finished the work then his friend came Either you are thief or a
robber I have been studying this subject since ten years He spent plenty of money at his wedding I
no sooner left the house when it began to rain Though his arms were week but his legs were strong
Neither you nor I are lucky It is too hot for work Have you much toys This is a bread Bread is a
food She is too weak that she can t walk He works hard lest he will fail Somebody spoke to me I
forget whom He is a man whom I know is corrupt Put everything in their place None of them were
available there There is misery in the life of all men Are you senior from him

This is an ass That is a book It is my book We travelled by ship It was a fine ship I am taller
than him He was looking at me He had hardly finished the work when his friend came You are either
a thief or a robber I have been studying this subject for ten years He spent plenty of money on his
wedding No sooner did I leave the house than it began to rain Though his arms were weak his legs
were strong Neither of us is lucky It is too hot to work Do you have many toys This is bread
Bread is food She is too weak to walk He works hard lest he should fail Somebody spoke to me I
forget who He is the man who I know is corrupt Put everything in its place None of them was
available there There is misery in the lives of all men Are you senior to him
st Day

th Expedition

Invitation

Meeting & Parting

 Gratitude

Congratulations & Good Wishes

 Miscellaneous Sentences

Remember
request would please Would you please
lend me one rupee
Will you please lend me one rupee
Thanks Thank you Thanks for
I thank you sir for your interest in my family
I thank you
Congratulations Felicitations on for at Congratulations for at your success
Congratulations on your success
Congratulations Congrats

Let s let us
nd Day
Refusal

Believing

Request
 Remember
please please
yes yes please
please Give me a glass of water
Please give me a glass of water
i Let first person third person What a fine weather Let us go to
the river bank Let them play football Second
person let Let you go for a walk Second Person First
Person Let us go for a walk
rd Day
Meals
 Remember
Feel I m feeling thirsty
I feel thirst
dish
What dishes do you serve
eat drink
take Do you take tea Do you take fish
Drink
th Day
Time
Permission
 Remember
pronouns What is your name
please Auxiliary Verb Are you going
is has have will shall
Is she unwell Have you
a pen Shall we go
may
Shall we set out now may
May I shut the window Should I shut
the window
th Day
A Instruction Order
 Remember

Adjudge misjudge prejudge subjudge judge ad mis pre sub prefix

preposition
go Go out The light went out during the storm
Go off The gun went off by itself
Go through He went through the whole book but could not discover anything new
in it Go Past Tense Went
th Day
B Instruction Order
 Remember
Put Prepositions put

Put down Please put down all that I say

Put forward He hesitated to put forward his plan
Put off For want of a quorum the meeting was put off

Put on He put on new clothes on the Id day

Put out Put out the fire lest it should spread around
th Day
Encouragement

Consolation

Annoyance
 Affection

Remember
Don t be afraid Don t Don t Do not not o
apostrophe Won t Wo not Won t Will not
not nt can t cannot cannot
can not can not

Doesn t does not

Shan t Shall not
Wouldn t would not
Aren t Are not
Weren t were not
Couldn t could not
Shouldn t should not
Needn t need not
Didn t did not
th Day
Negation

Consent
 Sadness

Remember
Give Prepositions Give up Maulaua Abdul gave up all
hopes of recovering from his illness Give in
Inspite of Akbar s larger resources Maharana Pratap refused to give in
Give way give out
give off give ear give a piece of one s mind give oneself airs give chase
give around
th Day
Quarrel

Apologies
Anger
 Remember
lose loose
spelling lose loose goose noose

Get Preposition

Get about He gets about with difficulty since his illness

Get back When will you get back

Get down She climbed the tree but then couldn t get down again

Get going They wanted to get going on the construction of the house

Get in Please get in the train said the guard The train is about to start

Get off He got off the noon train

Get out He couldn t get out of the room
Get up It is a good habit to get up early in the morning
Get together We are planning a get together to celebrate our friend s marriage

Get through He got through his examination

 th Day
Tests

very good fair

Test No

Would you like to come with us to cinema Let us go through bus No I don t know to play
it It s mine pleasure Have nice journey Thanks for present Wish you new
year Congratulations for your success Please wake up him Let me do work
Please repeat again What sweet dishes you have Have little more Are you an
vegetarian He is glutton When you have dinner You are late by half hour
May we rest here for while Tell the truth and speak no lies Note down this
Test No

II
Topic No Sentence No
Don t write in pencil please write with pen Chew your food good It was God will
Whom I should trust He is nuisance I can t accept what do you say
How I can do this Don t be proud for your riches Do not walk at the grass I
don t know to sing Don t angry I entirely agree to you Yes that is truth
I ll follow your advices Forgive me to interrupt you sir It was merely done with
mistake I am awfully sorry for kept you waiting so long
Test No
III Italics
Be careful not to loose your money Has the clerk weighted the letter Physics are not easy to learn
You have a poetry to learn by heart My luggages are at the station You have five thousands rupees
When she entered the room she saw a notebook on the ground Let us see a theater tonight Which is the
street to the village My younger brother is five and a half feet high Are you interesting in your work
I have now left cricket Madam will I go home to get my exercise book She sometimes puts on red
shoes She wears her clothes in the morning There is a lot of flowers on this tree How many paper do
you want He has given up smoking isn t it Why he not sees a film What does elephants eat

lose weighed is poem luggage is thousand floor play road tall interested
given up may wears puts on are much hasn t he doesn t he see what do
Test No
IV
shall will you please help me out of this difficulty She was over joyed to into see her lost baby
Thanks to for your good wishes We congratulated him at on his success Get Let me go
home Are you feeling thirst thirsty Do you drink take milk or tea What is are the news
remind him of on his promise Switch out off the light Go on in person to post this important
letter Give in up smoking it s harmful Is there any need for to worry Do not find fault on
in with others Are you angry on with me I know very little of in on this connection Get out
from of my sight You are loosing losing your temper We may shall have some coffee We
must avoid smoking to smoke

will to for on Let thirsty take is of off in up to with with in

of losing shall smoking
Test No
V
No I don t take tea I won t be able to attend his birthday party He does not agree with me They
didn t come The lion killed two Shepherds The Yamuna was flooded Raise the curtain Don t they run
fast How can it be so The tiger in the cage frightened the children I want your kind help He did
it Who plays football in the park He lives only on milk Isn t he twelve years old
 Test No
VI V

Test No
VII would
invite invitation pleasure journey hearty rumour success little stomach quarrel minutes forty
fourteen receipt honest
Test No
VIII i
to fetch to enjoy to meet to burst to bring to enter to chew to cheat to want to agree to obey to move
to forget to forgive to hire to abstain
ii believe belief to check cheque to speak speech to agree
agreement cool cold to invite invitation to pride proud to accept except
iii possible impossible
Patience come accept clean improper without switch off back early disagree many able empty
Test No
IX go prepositions
go
go on
go in for
go into
go down
go with
go back on
go out
go about
st Day

th Expedition

At Home
 Remember
s s son
in law sons in law son in laws

s step son
step sons maidservant maidservants
nd Day
Out of Home

To Servant
 Remember
Articles of daily use are now
available in the market avail able available
agreeable comfortable dependable eatable
manageable payable saleable washable
able able ible combust
combustible eligible illegible
al
brute brutal
centre central
continue continual
term terminal
e

i Clothes Cloth
ii Clothe
rd Day
On Meeting
 Remember
Rich
Riches Rich Example He is a richman Riches make men proud

alms spectacles trousers scissors shorts

Mathematics is
difficult

Innings news means corps series

half an hour
th Day
Shopping
Describing People things
 Remember
ant abundant distant ignorant
important applicant servant ant
ent ant ascent comment
content dependent excellent intelligent violent

ful This is a beautiful garden

beauty ful y i
awe awful
colour colourful
power powerful
bash bashful
delight delightful
truth truthful
th Day
Study
 Remember
This loan is repayable within twenty years He recalled his
school days When will you return

re prefix
remark
remove
rejoin
replace
remind
reform
th Day
A Health
 Remember
Action Collection protection tion t
act collect protect tion t
attend attention
convene convention
destroy destruction
receive reception
describe description
Timely action by the engine driver prevented a major railway accident
act action his total investment amounts to rupees one
lac invest t ment investment
tion t ment adjust adjustment
assort assortment
th Day
B Health

Weather
 Remember
A patriot would gladly lay down his life for the sake of his country
The camel walks very clumsily glad gladly clumsy clumsily glad
clumsy ly adverb
th Day
Animals

Games
 To Remember
ly kind kindly ly
His brotherly behaviour endeared him to all his colleagues
brother ly brotherly
father fatherly
mother motherly
sister sisterly
body bodily
man manly
woman womanly
king kingly
scholar scholarly
It was a windy day A fish has a scaly body wind
windy scale scaly wind or scale y
 breeze breezy
craft crafty
greed greedy
rain rainy
hand handy
dust dusty
room roomy
sun sunny

The elephant The The owl The ape The Cow the
Giraffe

a e o
Prefer
th Day
Person & Age

Character
Dress
 Remember
less He is a shameless person
needless to say that you are a thorough gentleman cloudless
sky in the month of Sawan can really worry the poor Indian farmers
Astronauts remain weightless while travelling in space
less
full less merciful merciless
colourful colourless careful careless pitiful pitiless full
less less full
Friendless landless full friendful landful
ful single l double ll
 th Day
Test No

very good fair

I
italics
The milk has become sour Why didn t you wake me on You should not go back from your words
Sonia is taller of a two girls Wait the bit I saw the woman whom the boss said was away This rice is
on inferior quality I am short for fifty paise This chair is quite cheap at sixty rupees Do not buy at
credit Does your shoe pinches you Show me a shoe with an narrow toe As we labour so shall we
be reward I am so tired to attend the class The question is so easy He is week in Hindi She has
been absent for Wednesday Should you pass your parents will be happy I have been in this college
since two years He is junior than me by one year
Test No turned up on the a who of by for on pinch a
rewarded too very weak since if for to
Test No

very good fair

II

He is a eye specialist All his tooth are intact He is blind from one eye Nothing for worry Can
you see thermometer He is bad hurt Prevention is better to cure Happiness is a best tonic I am not
feeling good How are you getting of in your business My health has gone for on account of hardwork
The patient is shivering from cold Many people died from malaria It s getting cold day by day
Sheeps give us wool I prefer riding to walk Who did win the match Is your a joint family My
brother is sixteen year old We are quite sure for your honesty
Test No an teeth of to read badly than the well on down
with of colder Sheep walking won yours years of
Test No

very good fair

III

I have passed passed the B A examination in How many much letters did she write to
me They have not spoken to each other for since two weeks She has been looking for a job
for since July I had have already bought my ticket so I went in He was found guilty for of
murder They are leaving for to America soon She was married with to a rich man This shirt is
superior than to that Write the letter with in ink She cannot avoid to make making
mistakes The train left had left before I arrived She finished had finished her journey yesterday
You talk as if you know knew everything She is taller tallest than her sister It will remain a
secret between you and I me A girlfriend of his him told us this news Vagish and myself I
were present there Amitabh played a very good game play I played well yesterday isn t it didn t
I
Test No passed many for since had of for to to in making
had left finished know taller me his I game didn t I
Test No
IV
How much more many children do you have Custard is my favourite food dish Where
does this road lead go to Is he a dependible dependable person He is an important
importent minister When does your examination start begin commence if Should you pass
your parents will shall be happy The boy is so weak in mathematics that he will not be able to get up
on in with the class Good boys bring credit to for their school A little girl recalled recounted
recited a beautiful poem The squirrel has a wooly hairy bushy tail The sun is bright because the
sky is cloudy cloudless As he is a shameful shameless person he pays for a good deed with a bad
one She had wore worn a simple sari Children need protection defence from traffic hazards
Quitely Quietly he went out of the convention hall Hamid and Majid help each other one another
Small children help each other one another Minakshi has not come too either They went for
a ride walk on their bicycles
many dish lead dependable important commence if will on
to recited bushy cloudless shamless worn protection Quietly each other
one another either ride
Test No
V i
Do you have books Did the dhobi take the last wash Did you wake me up Is Anupam there
Shall we meet again Why do you say this When will your college reopen Why don t you allow me to
read Why are you looking at him
Test No
VI

Test No
VII i old gold
now he ox our an how hen ear all refer
ii old old older oldest
good young pretty bad fine strong hard wealthy
iii
year psalm of off man men in inn to too answer station cloth clothe Mrs bath bathe dare dear
car idea idiom white who
more or most beautiful beautiful more beautiful
peaceful difficult careful intelligent stupid
Test No
VIII i plural
knife journey city woman ox tooth mouse sheep deer foot child brother church fly day brother in
law myself
ii present past past participle go go went gone
to light to lose to mean to pay to say to write to throw to win to beat to begin to lie to lay to know to
hurt to put to cut to hold to forget to shut to take
iii short forms

exercises
st Day

th Expedition

Etiquette
 Signals

Remember
ness Long
illness has made him weak illness ness

ill illness
good goodness
 sad sadness
thick thickness
great greatness
Assistance assist assist ance

allow allowance
ally alliance ance y i
clear clearance
pursue pursuance ance pursue e

WC Water Closet Gentlemen s Men Ladies

Women Toilet Lavatory
WC Gentlemen s
nd Day
Office
Things
 Remember
a b

singular number Plural number The hunter ran

after the deer The deer are fine looking animals
deer plural number deer
sheep Chinese hair
a sheep many sheep a hair many hair
Dozen score gross hundred thousand
two dozen eggs five hundred
rupees three thousand soldiers dozens of
eggs hundreds of rupees

No Smoking Smoking not allowed

rd Day
Law
 Radio T V Post Office

Remember
Here s a good government after decades govern ment
 government

He is a civil servant servant ant accountant

applicant consonant defendant merchant servant
defendant accountant serve defend account ant apply cant
merchant consonant important ant
th Day
Travel
 Remember
Our school will reopen tomorrow Curzon Road in New Delhi has been
renamed Kasturba Gandhi Marg reopen re
open renamed re named re
th Day
Recreation

Don ts

Do s
 Remember
I dislike mangoes Do you give discount on your sales
He is a dishonest person dislike dis like discount dis count
dishonest dis honest dis opposite like dis like

dis prefix

dis distance disturb

tance turb
th Day
Dealings

Business
 Remember
Lectureship is a respectable profession lecturer ship
lectureship ship suffix
scholarship membership kinship hardship friendship

hood suffix I know him from childhood

th Day
Sayings

Miscellaneous Sentences
 Remember
ive ous

This soap comes in several attractive shades Attract ive Attractive

This is a preventive medicine Prevent ive Preventive
Even at seventy he leads an active life Act ive Active
attract attractive prevent preventive act active ive
defend defensive destroy destructive elect elective impress
impressive
It is dangerous to drive fast The Nilgiris is a mountainous district
The cobra is a poisonous snake Ramayan is a famous epic
Danger ous dangerous mountain ous mountainous Poison ous poisonous fame ous
famous fame ous e ous enormity nerve
prosperity humour
enormous nervous prosperous humorous
th Day
Attending a Wedding

In the Cinema

On the Playground

In the Tourist Office

 In the Hotel

With the Servant

With the Doctor

General Topics
 Remember
The genetive or possessive case apostrophe
s The boy destroyed the bird s nest
s apostrophe
The boy destroyed the bird s nest
apostrophe s preposition The doors
of the gateway are made of iron a week s
leave a month s pay a day s journey to their heart s content in my mind s eye a hair s breadth a
stone s throw sun s rays
th Day
Idioms
Proverbs
 Remember
s s apostrophe
Moses laws are found in the Bible
s s apostophe s Porus s army was
large
I stopped at my uncle s last night
uncle s uncle s house house
 th Day
Test No

very good fair

Italics

Please do not trouble myself Please stay for little more Put up the notice at the notice board
He is very proud for his promotion He was accused for murder He has been released at bail He was
sentenced for death My radio is stopped Now switch on for Vividh Bharati Have you weighted the
parcel You can new your driving licence from the transport office We have loosed our way Why
did you came back The road is close for repair The train is due on half past eleven We were
listening at music It was a very interested story Do not depend on others Do not spit at the floor
Go for an walk in the morning and evening
Test No l me a on of of on to has to weighed renew lost come
closed at to interesting upon on a

Test No

very good fair

Have the account clear Did you got your wages There is shortage on money How is he getting
at with his work Honesty is a best policy The man is the slave to his stomach Your coat is cleaner to
mine Will you speak to her if she come Will you please borrow me a pen Come home behind me
The number of the students are decreasing I read this book in a hour and a half Sita and Rita is
coming here My mother gave me some good advices The unfortunate was shoot dead They will
study German beside English The murderer was caught and hung A dog is a wolf in his lane All s
well that end s well A crow in hand is worth two in the bush
Test No cleared get of on the a than comes lend after is an
are advice shot besides hanged lion ends bird

Test No
very good fair
Grammatical mistakes

He speak English very well This film will be played shortly your elder brother is five and a half feet
high The player plays very good Many homes have been built up She is coward girl We had a nice
play of football I have no any mistakes in my dictation Strong air blew my clothes away I hurt a
finger of my right foot She doesn t look as her brother I have a plenty work to do She spent the
rest day at home His father was miser After they went home for dinner
Test No speaks released tall well houses a coward game haven t any wind
toe like lot of the rest of the day a miser afterwards

Test No
very good fair
i a an the
wheat grown in this area is of a good quality Is lead heavier than iron I like to have eat
apple daily This is cheque drawn on the Overseas Bank This is very fine picture murderer has
been hanged She is honest lady All letters have been stamped She ll wait for you at cinema
hall Make habit of working hard
Test No i l The nil an a a the an the the a
ii
What is the cause of your sad His has turned grey though he is still young hair This not
enough be Ram not get leave do Your watch stopped have There are more than a dozen in
the zoo deer Has he your salary pay Let strike a bargain we You can avoid mistakes make
yesterday I the letter in an hour and a half write
Test No ii Sadness hair is did has deer paid us making wrote

Test No

i for into of in by with to from besides after

What was the Judgement the case Billoo is fond cycling The road is closed repairs Do
not quarrel others I fell his trap I am not money Right his childhood he has been very kind to
others They ll study German English Your coat is not similar mine The letter is sent post
Test No l in of for with into after from besides to by
verb
When are you going home
I am going around O clock
ii When will you go to office What will you be doing during the holidays How much money do
you have Who will pay for the tickets tonight Are they leaving tomorrow When will you pay back the
loan Have you written to her Do you like Delhi Will you please lend me some money Did he
finish his work yesterday

Test No

Barking dogs
Barking dogs seldom bite
Practice makes a man is a friend indeed While in Rome is strength As you sow
no gains Penny wise dreads the fire All s well is wealth A little knowledge is a
Where there is a will Barking dogs seldom Time and tide wait vessel makes much noise

Test No

a They were not three b They were but three a His opinion was contrary to ours b His opinion
was contrary of ours a He acted in a couple school plays b He has acted in a couple of school plays
a He refused to except my excuse b He refused to accept my excuse a I failed in English b I was
failed in English a Get into the room b Get in the room a He is always into some mischief b He is
always up to some mischief a I made it a habit of reading b I made a habit of reading a It will likely
rain before night b It is likely to rain before night a She needn t earn her living b She needs not earn
her living
Correct sentences b a b b a a b b b a

Test No

a
always usually never rarely addition edition ready already anxious eager both each breath
breathe cease seize couple pair fair fare habit custom its it s legible readable whose who s

b
i I don t try to speak loudly
ii I try not to speak loudly
i The young men carry a white and a blue flag
ii The young men carry a white and blue flag
i I alone can do it
ii I can do it alone
i The mother loves Amitabh better than me
ii The mother loves Amitabh better than I
i He forgot to do the exercise
ii He forgot how to do the exercise
i She was tired with riding
ii She was tired of riding
 PRONUNCIATION IN RAPIDEX

GENERAL the is pronounced before a vowel and before a consonent

Pronunciation of ed in like interested is not and words ending in es like promises will end
not
Seema Hi Rita what a lovely dress
Rita Thank you It s a birthday present
Seema Really
Rita My uncle he sent it from Mumbai

Sohan Where is Kamal Colony please

Rohit Go straight You will see a gate to your left That is Kamal Colony
Sohan Thank you
Rohit You are welcome

Mrs Gupta Hello Mrs Sharma

Mrs Sharma Fine thank you
Mrs Gupta Coming from the market
Mrs Sharma Went to buy some
Mrs Gupta come for a while
Mrs Sharma Thank you I am expecting some guests actually
Mrs Gupta Oh I see Mrs Sharma

Let me have a at
 APPENDIX

WORD BUILDING IN ENGLISH

ance ence

ance ence depend refer indulge reside ence contrive endure insure
observe ance
ment suffix improve improvement
ment

N B ment achieve ment achievement

exception ment e

Y suffix y i

al suffix refuse al refusal e

refusal refuse e
al
Approve arrive dispose propose betray
al suffix
centre al central centre e
al
Continue fate nature universe practice
Y suffix y i
 PUNCTUATION AND CAPITAL LETTERS
punctuation capital letters
blackboard
The Mayor says The teacher is a fool
punctuation capital letters The Mayor says the
teacher is a fool
punctuation capital letters
Full Stop assertive imperative abbreviations initials
i Alexander invaded India
ii Sit down
iii Shri S N Mishra is a prominent M P from Bihar
Question Mark interrogative Have you seen the Taj
Exclamation Mark exclamatory
What a marvel the newspaper is
Semicolon full stop
Her mind was still untouched by any doubt as to what she ought to do and she felt at rest in the assurance that
Nala still loved her better than his own soul
Colon semicolon
These are the important rivers of India the Indus the Ganges the Brahmaputra the Godavari the Krishna and the
Cauvery
Quotations or Inverted Commas Ram says Dev bowls well
Apostrophe Possession missing letter letters
Mohan doesn t sit on his father s chair
Comma
i Yes I know him
ii Monday th January January
iii Ravana the king of Sri Lanka kidnapped Sita the wife of Rama
iv Mohan get me a glass of water
v In the south the Godavari the Krishna and the Cauvery are the longest rivers and

vi Light and fresh air are in abundance in villages but they are shut out from the house Conjunction
coordinate clauses
vii The teacher said Ice floats on water
Help me to get the Golden fleece said Jason to Medra Direct speech main verb
viii When he doesn t have any work in the off season he idles away his time adverb clause

ix Damayanti that was the name of the Princess entered the pavilion with a garland in her hands
parenthetical
x The time being favourable Buddha quietly slipped away from the palace nominative absolute
xi The evil spirit who had only been seen by Nala disappeared from sight adjective clause main clause

xii Believing the words of the fox the goat jumped into the well participle adjective phrases

Capitals capital
i India has produced many great men and women
ii Proper noun It takes two hours to reach Meerut by train
iii Title Alexander The Great invaded India
iv Initials This article is from the pen of M K Gandhi
v My God and king to thee I bow my head
vi I It was over nine years ago when I visited Hardwar
vii Poetry line Now is the time to study hard Work will bring its own reward Then work work work
viii Quotation marks I said to you I want your help

ABBREVIATIONS
NUMERALS
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
 I don t know how to swim said the monkey
direct speech
inverted commas quotation marks
The monkey said that he didn t know how to swim indirect speech

Harbhajan said to me I m going to help you

Harbhajan said to you I m going to help you
Harbhajan said to Sajan I m going to help you
Direct speech indirect speech
Harbhajan told me that he was going to help me
Harbhajan told you that he was going to help you
Harbhajan told Sajan that he Harbhajan was going to help him Sajan
indirect speech quotation marks subject person person quotation marks
subject Harbhajan third person indirect speech I he
quotation marks object person person quotation marks object
object me first person quotation marks second person object you first person me
you you you he quotation marks past tense
present or future tense past tense said to told present continuous am going to
help was going to help
past tense indirect speech

Quotation marks subject person person quotation marks subject

I he i object person person object
you me you you you him ii present tense
future tense correspoding past tense am going to help to was going to help
said told said said
Mahesh says I met the teacher on the way
Ram says Bhatt writes well
Ali says The train will arrive soon
The teacher will say There is no school tomorrow
My father will say to me You upset my plan
The Government will say Exploitation in any form whatsoever shall be punishable
reporting verb present tense future tense indirect speech

i person subject subject I he

ii subject you subject subject person object person
object subject you object you I
iii tense
My teacher said The earth is round indirect speech My teacher said that the earth is round
tense person

FORMS OF SOME SELECTED VERBS

forms Tenses Tenses forms
forms
II III forms allow II III forms allowed
 II III forms III form en n arise
arose arisen beaten broken bitten III form
 II III forms II form a III form u drank rang
III form drunk rung
 IMPORTANT COLLECTIVE PHRASES

a bouquet of grapes a bunch of

grapes
YOUNG ONES OF SOME ANIMALS
 IMPORTANT WORDS DENOTING THE CRIES OF ANIMALS

Asses bray
Bears growl
Bees hum
Birds chirp
Camels grunt
Cats mew
Cattle low
Cocks crow
Crows caw
Dogs bark
Doves coo
Ducks quack
Elephants trumpet
Flies buzz
Frogs croak
Geese cackle
Hawks scream
Hens cackle
Horses neigh
Jackals howl
Kittens mew
Lambs bleat
Lions roar
Mice squeak
Monkeys chatter
Nightingales sing
Owls hoot
Oxen low
Parrots talk
Pigeons coo
Pigs grunt
Puppies yelp
Sheep bleat
Snakes hiss
Sparrows chirp
Swallows twitter
Swans cry
Tigers roar
Vultures scream
Wolves yell

WORDS MOSTLY HEARD BUT NOT MOSTLY KNOWN

Ten words about spheres of knowledge

Anthropology
Archaeology
Astrology
Entomology
Etymology
Geology
Philology
Psychology
Radiology
Sociology

Ten words showing personality

Blase
Dogmatic
Diffident
Extrovert
Gregarious
Inhibited
Introvert
Quixotic
Sadistic
Truculent
 Theories about life art & philosophy
ISM

Altruism
Atheism
Chauvinism
Conservatism
Liberalism
Radicalism
Realism
Romanticism
Skepticism
Totalitarianism

Ten abnormal conditions of mind

Alexia
Amnesia
Aphasia
Dementia
Dipsomania
Hypochondria
Insomnia
Kleptomania
Megalomania
Melancholia

Ten words about doctors profession

Dermatologist
Gynaecologist
Internist
Obstetrician
Ophthalmologist
Orthodontist
Pathologist
Paediatrician
Podiatrist
Psychiatrist

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTES

Abdicate To give up a throne voluntarily

Autobiography Life story of a man written by himself
Aggressor A person who attacks first
Amateur One who pursues some art or sport as hobby
Arbitrator One appointed by two parties to settle disputes between them
Adolescence Stage between boyhood and youth
Bibliophile A great lover of books
Botany The science of plant life
Bilingual People who speak two languages
Catalogue A list of books
Centenary Celebration of a hundredth year
Colleague A co worker or a fellow worker in the same institution
Contemporaries Persons living in the same age
Credulous A person who readily believes in whatever is told to him

Callous A man devoid of kind feeling and sympathy

Cosmopolitan A man who is broad and international in outlook
Celibacy To abstain from sex
Deteriorate To go from bad to worse
Democracy Government of the people for the people by the people
Monarchy Government by one
Drawn A game or battle in which neither party wins
Egotist A person who always thinks of himself
Epidemic A disease mainly contagious which spreads over huge area
Extempore A speech made without previous preparation
Etiquette Established manner or rules of conduct
Epicure A person fond of refined enjoyment
Exonerate To free a person of all blames in a case
Eradicate To root out an evil or a bad practice etc
Fastidious A person difficult to please
Fatalist A person who believes that all events are predetermined or subject to fate
Honorary A post which doesn t carry any salary
Illegal That which is against law
Illiterate A person who cannot read or write
Hostility State of antagonism
Incorrigible That which is past correction
Irritable A man who is easily irritated
Irrelevant Not to the point
Invisible That which cannot be seen
Inaudible That which cannot be heard
Incredible That which cannot be believed
Irreadable That which cannot be read
Impracticable That which cannot be practised
Invincible That which cannot be conquered
Indispensable That which cannot be ignored
Inevitable That which cannot be avoided
Irrevocable That which cannot be changed
Illicit A trade which is prohibited by law
Insoluble A problem which cannot be solved
Inflammable Liable to catch fire easily
Infanticide Murderer of infants or killing of infants
Matricide The murderer or murder of one s own mother

Patricide The murderer or murder of one s own father

Kidnap To carry away a person forcibly
Medieval Belonging to the middle ages
Matinee A cinema show which is held in the afternoon
Notorious A man with evil reputation
Manuscript Hand written pages of a literary work
Namesake Person having the same name
Novice One who is new to some trade or profession
Omnipotent One who is all powerful
Omnipresent One who is present everywhere
Optimist One who looks at the bright side of a thing
Panacea A remedy for all diseases
Polyandry Practice of having more than one husband at a time
Polygamy Practice of having more than one wife at a time
Postmortem Medical examination of a body held after death
Pessimist One who looks at the dark side of things
Postscript Any thing written in the letter after it has been signed

Red tapism Too much official formality

Synonyms Words which have the same meaning
Smuggler The importer or exporter of goods without paying customs duty
Vegetarian One who eats vegetables only

Venial A pardonable fault

Veteran A person possessing long experience of military service or of any occupation
Zoology The science dealing with the life of animals

IDIOMATIC USE OF ANIMAL NAME

ANTONYMS OR WORDS OF OPPOSITE MEANING
Prefix
WORDS DENOTING NATIONALITY

SOME IMPORTANT PHRASES

Again and again
We shouldn t commit mistakes again and again
Now and again
Now and again a genius is born
All in all
In his sister s marriage Mohan was all in all
All and sundry
All and sundry came to the meeting
Back and belly
The days have gone when the problems of a labourer concerned only back and belly
Bag and Baggage
The British left India in bag and baggage
Before and behind
In World War II our soldiers fought before and behind
Betwixt and between
Whatever they earn they will share betwixt and between
Bread and butter
One should be satisfied if one gets bread and butter these days

Fetch and carry

I m content to fetch and carry for uneasy lies the head that wears a crown
Goods and chattel
We bought goods and chattel when we migrated to India
Chock a block
Chock a block houses have made Indian cities ugly
Pick and choose
We must pick and choose our career before it is too late
Every now and again
She comes to see me every now and again
See eye to eye
He didn t see eye to eye with me on many issues
Face to face
We have had a face to face talk so now we can understand each other s point of view
Fair and square
Let all our actions be fair and square
Fee faw fum
India is not to be cowed down by Pakistan s fee faw fum
Flux and reflux
There was a great flux and reflux in the drawing room
Give and take
It s always give and take in life
Goody goody
The world is full of goody goody people but hardly a good man
Hand in hand
They walked hand in hand
Haves and have nots
There has always been a conflict between the haves and have nots
Hodge podge
While trying his hand at cooking for the first time he made a hodge podge of everything
Humpty dumpty
Capitalism is humpty dumpty these days
Ins and outs
He knows all the ins and outs of this profession
Law and order
There can not be any democracy without law and order
Off and on
He comes to your shop off and on
Rain or shine
Rain or shine we must attend to our duties
Really and truly
Really and truly I ll do your work
Tit for tat
Tit for tat cannot end a dispute
Tittle tattle
We just waste time in tittle tattle
Ups and downs
The great men rise through the ups and downs of life

WORDS WHICH COMMONLY CONFUSE

admit
confess
a I admit that you are abler than I am
b He confessed his guilt before the judge
among
between
a The property was divided among four children
b The property was divided between two children
amount
number
a A large amount of rice was delivered to the store house
b A large number of bags of rice was delivered
anxious
eager
a We were anxious about his health
b We are eager to see him healthy again
apt adjective
liable adjective
a He is apt to get into mischief
b If you drive rashly you are liable to a heavy fine
artisan
artist
a That carpenter is a good artisan
b Kalidas was a good artist
as
like
a Do as I do not as as I say
b Try not to behave like a child
audience
spectators
a The speaker bored the audience with his long speech
b The slow hockey game bored the spectators
better
well
a She is better today than she was a week ago
b In a month or two she will be quite well
both
each
a Both the sisters are beautiful
b Each girl has a new book
Bring
take
a Bring a bread from the bazaar
b Take your breakfast with you when you go to the school
Can
May
a She is so weak that she cannot walk
b May I come in
climate
weather
a I like the climate of Simla more than that of Dehradun

b The weather was stormy

couple
pair
a Two couples remained on dance floor
b I have a new pair of shoes
despise
detest
a Some people despise the poor
b I detest hot weather
each other
one another
a Kavita and Savita have known each other for ten years
b These four girls have known one another for ten years
former
latter
a The former half of the film was dull
b The latter half of the film was interesting
habit
custom
a Gambling is a habit with him
b It is a custom among Hindus to cremate the dead
if
whether
a She ll get through the examination if she works hard
b She asked me whether I intended to go to cinema
if it was
 if it were
a If it was there in the morning it should be there now
b If I were the Prime Minister of India I would remove poverty
in
into
a The papers are in my drawer
b You put the papers into my drawer
learn
teach
a They learn to read English
b They teach English
leave
let
a Leave this room at once
b Let me go now let go
legible
readable
a Your hand writing is not legible
b This book being on technical subject is not readable
many
much
a There were many students in the class
b We haven t much milk
may Past tense
might Past tense
a He may come today
b He might have come if you had written a letter
patron
customer
a The artist thanked his patrons who eagerly awaited his paintings

b The shopkeeper attended his customers

people
persons
a The people of India were poor
b Only thirteen persons remained in the cinema hall after the interval

recruitment noun
employment noun
a The recruitment of soldiers is going on
b Suman is in search of employment
rob
steal
a The robbers rob wayfarers usually at night
b Bad boys steal books of their class fellows
shall I we I shall we shall
will he she it they you he will they will
shall will
a I will reach in time
b You Shall not reach in time
state
say
a Indian ambassador stated the terms for a cease fire agreement
b You say that you won t complete the job
stay
Stop
a we stayed at the hotel for two days only
b We stopped the work and returned home
tender
give
a On the orders of his boss he tendered an apology for his misbehaviour

b He gave testimony readily before the Jury

testimony
evidence
a He readily gave testimony to the jury
b The defendant presented written evidence to prove that he was not present at the scene

Win
beat
a Hurrah We won the match
b I beat you while playing cards
accept verb
except prep
a He accepted my advice in this matter
b The entire staff except juniors has been called
access noun
excess noun
a He was a poor man and had no access to the higher authorities

b Excess of every thing is bad

adapt verb
adopt verb
adept adjective
a One must learn to adapt oneself to circumstances
b He adopted a child from orphanage
c He is an adept carpenter
addition noun
edition noun
a Some alterations and additions have been made in this book
b Third and latest edition of the Bhagavad Gita has been published

adverse adjective
averse adjective
a True friends never leave in adverse conditions
b In modern time most of the students are averse to hard work
affect verb
effect noun
effect verb
a Your behaviour should affect others
b His speech didn t produce any effect on the audience
a The old rule is still in effect
all ready
already
a We were all ready to go when the class teacher arrived
b We had already begun writing when the class teacher arrived

all together
altogether
a The boys and girls sang all together
b This was altogether strange for a person of my type
all ways
always
a The scheme was in all ways acceptable to the masses
b Always help the poor
altar noun
alter verb
a He knelt before the altar and took a vow not to touch wine all his life

b I can t alter my plans now

amend verb
emend verb
a You must amend your ways
b Before publication first part of the book had to be emended

alternate adjec
alternative noun
a The doctor comes to see him on every alternate day
b There was no other alternative so I agreed to the terms
bazaar noun
bizarre adjective
a She went to bazaar for shopping
b She dresses in a bizarre manner
berth noun
birth noun
a She got a berth reserved for herself in the Kalka Mail
b What s your date of birth
beside Preposition
besides Adverb
a He was sitting beside me
b The agents get commission besides their salary
boar noun
bore verb
a The hunter shot a wild boar
b They bore a hole in the soil to take out oil
born verb
borne verb
a I don t know when I was born
b We have borne our burdens with patience
breath noun
breathe verb
breadth noun
a Before you dive in take a deep breath
b Breathe deeply in open air
c In a square the breadth is equal to the length
Canvas noun
canvass verb
a Canvas bags are very strong
b Students were canvassing for the Congress candidate
cease verb
seize verb
a At last the war has ceased
b The policeman seized the stolen articles
cent noun
scent noun
a Cent is a small coin of America
b The scen t of flowers is very pleasant
childish
childlike
a You have childish habits and are not yet mature
b We like his childlike habits
choose verb
chose choose Verb
a Choose what you want
b I finally chose singing for a career
cite verb
sight noun
site noun
a He was fond of citing from the Ramayana
b The Taj presents a pleasant sight in full moon
c His father is looking for a site for his new shop
comic adjective
Comical adjective
a Comic scenes are put in a drama
b The peculiar dress she wore gave her a comical appearance
complement noun
compliment noun
compliment noun
a This book is complement to that one
b Her husband paid her a compliment
c Pay my compliments to your parents
conscience noun
cautious adjective
conscious adjective
a One should have a clear conscience
b One should be extremely cautious while driving
c He was conscious that he was being followed
consistently adverb
constantly adverb
a If you want to give advice to others first act consistently with that yourself

b He constantly argued with me

continual adjective
continuous adjective
a The teacher gave the class continual warning
b We had continuous rain yesterday for many hours
contract
contract
a He has signed a contract for going abroad
b Some metals contract on cooling
course noun
coarse adjective
a What is the course of your studies
b This cloth is very coarse
credible adjective
creditable adjective
credulous adjective
a The story does not appear credible
b His success in the examination is creditable
c Shiela is very credulous She believes in what she is told
decease noun
disease noun
a The deceased person has been taken from the hospital
b That man died of an incurable disease
deference noun
difference noun
a In deference to his father s memory we did not play yesterday
b There is difference of opinion on this subject
desert noun
desert noun
dessert noun
a Rajasthan is mostly a desert
b An ideal husband must not desert his wife
c The party was served with apples and fruit cream as dessert

disinterested adjective
uninterested adjective
a The judge must always be a disinterested party in a trial
b I was uninterested in games so I returned home early
dual adjective
duel noun
a Some persons have dual personality They say something and do otherwise

b They fought a duel and one person was severely injured

eligible adjective
illegible adjective
a Only a graduate is eligible for this post
b Your hand writing is illegible
expand verb
expend verb
a As the work increases we shall have to expand our office space
b We shouldn t expend beyond our limit
fair noun
fair adjective
fair adjective
a Many people attend the National Book Fair
b We must always play a fair game
c She is fair complexioned and fair haired
fare noun
fare verb
a What is the rail fare from Delhi to Agra
b How did you fare in your examinations
farther adverb
further adverb
a Bombay is farther from Delhi than Banaras
b Proceed further please
feel good verb
feel well verb
a She feels very good amidst her friends
b She is feeling well now
fewer adjective
less adjective
a The doctor attended fewer patients than last week
b I have less money in my pocket than you have
floor noun
flour noun
a She is sitting on the floor
b We make chapaties bread of flour
formally adverb
formerly adverb
a The letter was written formally by me
b He was formerly a minister
forth adverb
fourth adjective
a They went forth like ancient warriors
b The fourth of every month is our pay day
hair noun
heir noun
hare noun
a The colour of Shiela s hair is golden
b The eldest prince is the heir to the throne
c The hare runs very fast
hanged verb
hung verb
 a The prisoner was hanged at dawn
b The picture was hung on the wall
holy adjective
wholly adverb
a Diwali is our holy festival
b I wholly agree with your decision
however
how ever
a I don t recommend this book however you can read it

b I am certain that how ever you decide to work you will succeed

its Pronoun
it s It is
a The shed lost its roof
b It s an old house
last adjective
latest adjective
a Last date of admission is near So we should hurry up
b The latest edition of the book is underprint
least adjective
less adjective
a He walked the least distance of all
b Tea is less desirable for me than milk
lightening
lightning noun
lighting noun
a He is lightening my burden
b Last night there was flash of lightning in the sky
c There was good lighting arrangement at the marriage
loan noun
lend verb
a The bank granted him a loan of five thousand rupees
b Lend me some money
moral noun
morale noun
a He is man of good moral
b The morale of the troops on the front is very high
most adjective
almost adjective
a Mohan Das Gandhi was the most honest boy in the class
b It s almost time to go for a walk
notable adjective
notorious adjective
a August is a notable day in the history of India
b He is a notorious gambler
Once adverb
one s pronoun
a I have been there once
b One should obey one s conscience
ordinance noun
ordnance noun
a The President has issued an ordinance today
b He is employed in the ordnance department
passed verb Pass IInd IIIrd form
past adjective
a The month passed away very soon
b The past month was very enjoyable
peace noun
piece noun
a A treaty of peace was signed between two countries
b The teacher asked for a piece of chalk
persecute verb
prosecute verb
a The jews were persecuted in Nazi Germany
b Tresp assers will be prosecuted
personal adjective
personnel noun
a It is my personal matter Please don t interefere
b The officer maintained the morale of the personnel in his division

physic old use noun

physique noun
a No physic can cure the patient if he is careless
b He has a fine physique
pore noun
pour verb
a Sweat comes out from the pores of the skin
b Pour some water in my glass
portable adjective
potable adjective
a she has brought a portable television from Germany
b Pond water is not potable
prescribe
proscribe
a The doctor prescribed a very costly medicine
b That man has been proscribed by law
president noun
precedent noun
a The President of India has gone to England for two weeks
b She has set a good precedent for others to follow
price noun
prize noun
a The price of paper has gone up
b Anil got the first prize in the race
principal noun
principle noun
a Who is the principal of your college
b My uncle was a man of principles
propose verb
purpose noun
a Let them propose the subject for their debate
b I had come with a purpose to see you
rain verb
reign verb
rein noun
a It s raining
b The queen reigned over England
c When the reins were pulled tightly the horse stopped
recollect verb
remember verb
a I often recollect my childhood and feel amused
b I remember my lesson every day
respectable adjective
respectful adjective
respective adjective
a Our boss is a respectable gentleman
b You should be respectful to your parents
c After the lecture was over the students returned to their respective classes

root noun
route noun
a Love of money is the root of all evils
b What is the railway route between Delhi and Bombay
rout noun
riot noun
a The morale of the enemy was very low because of its rout
b There is a great disturbance in the town because of the Hindu Muslim riot

shoot noun
shoot verb
a A shoot has sprung up from the plant
b That man has gone to shoot duck
sole noun
soul noun
a Get the sole of the shoe changed
b A good soul goes to heaven
stationary adjective
stationery noun
a The sun is stationary
b He deals in stationery
table noun
table noun
a There is a book on the table
b There is a table in chapter six of this book
tasteful adjective
tasty adjective
a The house of our madam was decorated in a tasteful manner
b Our madam served us very tasty meals
two adjective
 to preposition
too adverb
a There are two sides of everything
b Come to me I ll advise you
c She is too weak to walk
uninterested adjective
disinterested adjective
a I am uninterested in inactive games
b Let us ask any disinterested man to settle our dispute
valuable adjective
invaluable adjective
a This is a valuable manuscript
b Kohinoor is an invaluable diamond
whose
who s who is
a Whose pen is this
b Who s at the door

COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF WORDS

ERRORS IN THE USE OF NOUNS

a Scenery issue hair furniture machinery fruit b poor rich bread work singular form
Advice mischief abuse alphabet singular advices
pieces of advice

Rupee dozen mile year foot numeral singular

five rupee note five rupees note

Vegetables spectacles trousers Himalayas people orders

repairs plural singular

Fish deer sheep cattle singular

Gentry
 ERRORS IN THE USE OF PRONOUNS

you he and I
Let him her me Pronoun he she I
Everyone every man his her their one Pronoun one s his her
their
each other one another
Neither nor singular is
none neither
Enjoy hid resign apply avail absent himself herself themselves yourself myself
ourselves
My mine your yours our ours a my your our
 Noun my pen your father our mother b
mine yours ours

ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADJECTIVES

Elder older elder elder brother elder sister

older Mohan is older than Salim
Eldest oldest elder eldest
Further farther
Many many books much much water
three degrees
Many few much less

ERRORS IN THE USE OF VERBS

Can may can may
As well as
why Indirect form why are you why you are

Drown sink drown sink

I we shall he she they you will

I we will he she they you shall

Shall past tense should should past tense

Neither seldom negative negative do did

his children their children his father children

his

ERRORS IN THE USE OF ADVERBS

 Well adverb good adjective
Too very a too relative to She is too weak to walk

b very much
Slowly clearly adverbs
comparatively better better comparatively

He is now too strong to walk

too strong strong enough

ERRORS IN THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS

a though yet no sooner than not only but also hardly when lest
should although yet such as scarcely when though yet but
No sooner not only negative do did
Lest lest should should not
As relative so
when then

ERRORS IN THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS

 prepositions

A an the
THE ERRORS IN THE USE OF ARTICLES

Delhi Faiz Bazaar English language gold silver

union honesty the
the Ganga the Himalayas the
Ramayana the Mahabharata the rich the poor the
the rose the flower the epic the

a man a trouble
a a an
 a an articles a consonant a b
vowel an a a book a nation a noise
an an Indian an umbrella an apple
an silent hour honour
honest
an a an hour an honour an honest
an MA MLA a an
M a MA MLA m
vowel an M A an M L A
a European an hour E silent
u Solid

WORD BUILDING IN ENGLISH

Simple Derived
a Primitive man good fear

b Derived Derivative
i Primary Derivative hot heat
tale tell full fill
ii wise un unwise side out in outside inside

iii man hood manhood good ness goodness

fear less fearless Secondary Derivative Words

iv compound words footpath midday sometimes

Vocabulary

Primary Derivative

i
ii

iii

iv

v
 prefix

prefixes
suffixes

suffixes
 Compound Words a b c
a Compound nouns
i

ii

b Adjectives
 c Compound Verbs

TWO WORDS VERBS

A
Act for
The senior clerk was asked to act for head clerk when he went on leave
Act upon
Heat acts upon bodies and causes them to expand

Acting upon a witness evidence the police caught the thief

Agree with
Oil does not agree with my stomach
Answer for
Every man must answer for his actions to God
Ask after
He was asking after you when I met him this morning
Ask for
You can ask for anything you need
Attend on
Acting as a good hostess she attended on her guests well
B
Back out
He had promised me two hundred rupees but later he backed out from his words
Back up
Let us all back up his demands
Be off
I ll be off to the railway station now
Be on
The concert will be on till nine p m
Be over
After the picture is over we will go home
Be up
Time is going to be up hand over your answer copies

He will be up at five in the morning

Bear down
The dictator bore down all opposition The president bore down all dissent
Bear on
Does this book bear on the same subject as that
Bear out
If the evidence bears out the charge Mahesh will be convicted for armed robbery
Bear with
It is very difficult to bear with Rani s bad temper
Beat back
The flames beat back the firemen
Beat off
In the battle of Waterloo the British beat off Napoleon
Believe in
I do not believe in astrology
Bid fair
His coaching has been so good that he bids fair to win the race
Bind over
The man was bound over by the court not to indulge in any criminal activity for at least six months
Blow down
The storm last night blew down many big trees
Blow out
On her birthday she blew out fifteen candles on her cake
Blow over
We hope that this crisis will blow over and be forgotten
Blow up
The retreating army blew up all the bridges

I did not understand why he blew up at my answer

Border upon
His ranting bordered upon madness
Break away
The horseman tried to hold the horse by the bridle but the horse broke away
Break down
Our car broke down on the way to Agra

She broke down at his departure

If you break down the figures you will find out your mistake
Break in
How much time will you need to break in this horse

We had to break in the room when there was no response from her
Break into
The thieves broke into the bank and stole the money from its lockers
Break loose
During the storm the boat broke loose from its anchor and was washed away by strong current

The buffalo broke loose the rope and ran away

Break off
She was saying something but broke off as she saw him
Break out
No one could tell the police how the fire broke out
Break up
He intervened to break up the quarrel

The police resorted to a lathi charge to break up the crowd

Break off
Vijay and Arun were close friends but they seem to have broken off now
Bring about
The new government brought about many reforms
Bring forward
The proposal he brought forward did not seem practical
Bring in
How much does your monthly sale bring in
Bring off
The touring Indian cricket team in England brought off a spectacular victory
Bring on
Dirt often brings on diseases
Bring out
War brings out the worst in people
Bring to
The unconscious man was brought to consciousness by a passer by through artificial respiration
Bring under
The king brought under the rebels and established peace in his kingdom
Bring up
Anil was brought up by his uncle
Brush off
As he became irritating she had to brush him off
Buckle to
With his examinations round the corner Ramesh has to buckle to at once
Build up
 You need a good tonic to build up your strength after your recent illness
Burn down
The house was completely burnt down in the great fire in the city
C
Call at
I called at my friend s place to inquire about his health

This ship does not call at Cochin

Call for
The washerman called for the wash
Correspond to
The bird s wing corresponds to the man s arm
Cry out
She cried out for help when she saw a car speeding towards her child
Count in
If you are planning to make a trip to Simla you can count me in
Count on
You can always count on my help
Count out
If you are planning any mischief please count me out
Cover for
Go and take your coffee break I ll cover for you until you return
Cross out
She crossed out his name from invitees list
Cut down
If you want to reduce your weight you must cut down on starchy and oily food
Cut in
Don t cut in while I am speaking to someone
Cut off
Our army cut off the enemy s escape route
Cut out
You can safely cut out the last paragraph of this article
Cut short
The meeting was cut short as the chief speaker suddenly fell ill
Cut up
He was greatly cut up by his failure in the examination

The reviewers mercilessly cut up his autobiographical novel

D
Dash off
The horse dashed off down the street

He dashed off three letters in half an hour

Dawn on
It only later dawned on me that he was all this while pulling my leg
Deal in
My friend deals in ready made garments
Deal out
Justice Ram Nath Bajaj of Delhi High Court is famous for dealing out equal justice to all
Deal with
I ve had bad experience with him I won t deal with him any further

This book deals with foreign policy matters

Deliver from
Oh God deliver us from evil
Die away
After a while the sounds died away
Die down
After a while the noise died down
Die off
As the civilisation advanced many backward tribes died off
Die out
As the night advanced the fire died out
Dip into
I have not read this book I have only dipped into it I had to dip into my savings to buy a motor cycle
Dish out
The flattery he dishes out would turn anyone s head Everybody please dish out Rs each for this trip
Dispense with
You can easily dispense with his services
Dispose of
The rich man disposed of all his property and became a sadhu
Do for
This plot of land is fairly large and will do for a playground
Do over
You will have to do over this sum as you have made a mistake
Do up
If you do up this place it will look beautiful
Do without
We will have to do without many facilities at this village
Draw back
I cannot draw back from my promise
Draw in
The cat drew in its paws and curled up on the floor
Draw near
As winter draws near people start wearing woollen clothes
Draw on
As the time of the concert drew on the audience got anxious
Draw out
He was reluctant to comment on Anil s behaviour but in the end I managed to draw him out
Draw toward
Kumar finds Asha very charming and feels drawn towards her
Draw up
Let us draw up a list of all the people we want to invite
Drive at
I listened to his rambling talk and could not make out what he was driving at
Drop in
I dropped in on Prakash on my way to market
Drop out
Arun dropped out of the medical course as he found it very laborious
Dwell on
In his speech he dwelt on the importance of prompt action
E
Eat into
Rust eats into iron
Egg on
He is a well behaved boy but he was egged on by Kumar to fight with Ashok
Enlarge upon
The lawyer enlarged upon this part of the evidence and treated it as of great importance
Explain away
Although he was at fault yet he tried to explain away his mistake
F
Fall back
When our army charged the enemy fell back
Fall behind
On account of a prolonged illness she fell behind in her studies
Fall flat
Although she is an accomplished dancer her performance last week fell flat
Fall for
Usha fell for the pretty sari displayed in a window shop
Fall in
The captain ordered the soldiers to fall in
Fall off
On account of the heavy snowfall attendance at the evening class has fallen off considerably
Fall on
The angry mob fell on the running thief
Fall out
Anil and Sunil were good friends but now they seem to have fallen out
Fall through
We had been planning to go to Nainital this summer but for want of money the programme fell through
Fall under
This entire district falls under my jurisdiction
Feel for
I deeply feel for you in your suffering
Feel like
I feel like taking a long walk
Figure on
I had figured on your attending the meeting
Figure out
His lecture was long and boring and I couldn t figure out what he was driving at
Figure up
Have you figured up the cost of this entire project
Fill in
As the principal was on leave the vice principal filled in for him
Fill out
For the marketing management examination the candidates had to fill out several forms
Fit out
 Today she is very busy fitting out her house for the big party
Fix up
We decided to fix up the old house ourselves
Flare up
It is immature to flare up on trifles
Fly at
I asked him to lend me five rupees and at once he flew at me
Fly off
He was slightly late so he flew off to the railway station in the hope of catching the train
Fly open
Suddenly the door flew open and he ran out
Fly out
As the fire spread all the people flew out of the burning house
Follow suit
She asked the speaker a probing question and gradually everyone followed the suit
Fool around
Stop fooling around and get to work
Fool away
Don t fool away your time like this
Front for
The chairman is the real boss in this company but the general manager fronts for him
G
Get about
For last two months he was bedridden on account of typhoid Now he is getting about again
Get across
At last I was able to get across my point
Get ahead
Unless you work hard how will you get ahead of others in studies
Get along
She is highly sociable and can get along with everybody

How is Mr Rao getting along in his new job

Get around
He tried to get around the policeman s inquiries
Get at
Our enquiry s object is to get at the truth
Get away
Despite vigilance of the policeman the thief got away
Get back
He has just got back from his tour after two months
Get by
You will have to somehow get by with this work
Get down
Let us get down at the next stop
The exams are approaching fast Let s get down to studies
Get off
We have to get off the bus at the next stop
Get on
I saw him get on to the bus at the last stop

Ashok is quite industrious and sure to get on in the world

Get over
Have you got over your cold
Get round
I m sure he ll somehow get round the money lender for a loan
Get througt
When will you get through with your work
Get to
Balrampur is a remote village in Madhya Pradesh and very difficult to get to
Get up
He got up from his seat to receive me
Give away
The chief guest gave away the prizes

He gave away Ram s name as he had drawn teacher s cartoon

Give in
He knew he was losing the match but he refused to give in
Give off
Some gases give off a pungent smell
Give out
He gave out that he had got nominated on the Welfare Board
Give up
When he realised that he would not be able to win the race he gave up
Give way
 Ashok kept on kicking the door vigorously and finally it gave way
Gloss over
In Ram Chandra s biography the writer has glossed over many of his shortcomings
Go around
I am afraid we do not have enough chairs to go around
Go back
He promised to lend me his history notes but now he has gone back on his word
Go down
Yours story is highly unconvincing and will not go down with the authorities
Go for
The boys went for the poor dog with stone
Go off
The Gun went off with a loud bang
Go on
What s going on here

Java went on reading and did not pay attention to her friends
Go out
The lights went out as Sanjeev entered the room
Go over
I went over the events of the day as I lay in bed at night Go over this chapter again and again until you have
learnt it thoroughly
Go through
You will never know what she went through to give her children good education
Go upon
Is this the principle you always go upon
Go with
A blue cardigan will not go with a green sari
Go without
How long can you go without food
Go wrong
What has gone wrong with your car
Grow upon
The habit of taking drugs is growing upon college boys
H
Hand down
The judge handed down his verdict in the case
Hand in
Time is up please hand in the answer books
Hand out
The examiner handed out the question papers to the candidates
Hand over
The retiring sales engineer handed over the charge to the new engineer
Hang about
A suspicious looking man was seen hanging about the house last night
Hang around
I have often seen him hanging around her house
Hang back
I asked him to receive the chief guest but he hung back
Hang on
Hang on to the rope lest you should fall down
Hang up
I rang him up but as soon as he heard my voice he hung up
Hang upon
The audience hung upon every word of the distinguished speaker
Happen on
During my Himalayan trek I happened on a tiger in a forest
Have on
What sari did she have on when you saw her
Hear of
Have you heard of the bus accident at Okhla in which ten persons got killed
Hit upon
To begin with I tried quite a bit and finally by sheer luck I hit upon the right solution
Hold forth
He held forth on his favourite topic for one full hour
Hold good
The promise I made you last week still holds good
Hold off
Everybody in the office is wondering why Mr Rao is holding off his decision
Hold on
Hold on to the rope lest you should fall down
Hold out
Despite massive strength of the enemies our soldiers held out to the last
Hold over
 In view of the fresh evidence available the judge has decided to hold over the case till the next month
Hold still
How can I take your photograph if you do not hold still
Hold together
This chair is so rickety that it will not hold together if you sit in it
Hold true
Newton s Law of Gravitation will always hold true on earth
Hold up
Your late arrival has held up the work

Two armed robbers held up the bank staff

Hunt for
What were you hunting for in the newspaper
Hunt up
I am hunting up material for my new book on politicking in India
I
Inquire after
Since last week Ashok had not been feeling well so I went to his place to inquire after him
Introduce into
He introduced into the debate a fresh approach
Issue from
Water issued from a small crack in the stream
J
Join in
At first he kept aloof from our games but later joined in
Join with
I ll join with you in the expenses of the trip
Join up
When the war was declared the government appealed to all young men to join up
Jump at
When I suggested that we could go for picnic tomorrow he jumped at the proposal
Jump to
Don t be hasty in judging him and jumping to the conclusion that he is hostile to you
K
Keep at
If he only keeps at his work he will soon finish with it
Keep back
I won t keep back anything from you
Keep away
We should advise our children to keep away from bad company
Keep house
He wants his wife only to keep house and not work in an office
Keep off
The curtains will keep off the mosquitoes
Keep on
It was a long journey and he was tired but he kept on going
Keep out
The woollen cloths are warm enough to keep out the cold
Keep to
Unless you keep to the job you are doing you will never be able to finish with it

You must learn to keep to your word

Keep together
I asked my children to keep together in the crowd
Keep up
India must keep up with the development and progress in the world of science
Knock down
The boxer struck his opponent a heavy blow and knocked him down
Knock off
He did not take long to knock off the work
Knock out
A heavy blow on the nose by his opponent knocked out the boxer
Knuckle under
We thought it would be a tough bout but it was not long before one of the boxers was knuckling under
L
Lay about
As the watchman spotted a man stealing watches from a shop he laid about him with his cane
Lay down
After ten long years he laid down the chairmanship of the company
Lay off
If the sales continue to fall like this we may have to lay off one or two people
Lay on
Taking up a stick he caught the mischievous boy and laid on vigorously
Lay open
I shall not rest till I ve laid open the whole conspiracy
Lay out
The garden was laid out by an expert
Lay up
The squirrel was busy laying up nuts
Leave alone
How can you leave me alone in my hard times
Leave out
It will be unfair to leave him out of the picnic programme
Let down
I was counting on your help but you let me down
Let off
You must prepare hard Interviewers won t let you off so easily
Let on
Don t let on to Dev that we are going to a movie tonight
Let out
As I am hard up nowadays I had to let out a portion of my house
Let up
If the rain lets up we will go to the market
Light on
While wandering in the jungle the boys suddenly lighted on a secret cave
Live on
Squirrels live on nuts
Look after
Will you please look after the house in my absence
Look for
I looked for my lost watch everywhere in the house but couldn t find it
Look in
Do look in after dinner if you are free
Look into
Have the police looked into the matter relating to theft at your house
Look out
Look out there is a car coming
Look over
The examiner was looking over the students answer papers
Look up
Suresh looked up the word in the dictionary as he did not know its meaning

Prices of cooking oil are looking up

M
Make after
The policemen made after the thief very fast
Make believe
Arun made believe that he was sick to take a leave from school
Make clear
The teacher made clear to me my mistake
Make faces
Stop making faces at me
Make for
The thief entered the house and made for the safe
Make good
Being a hard worker he is sure to make good in that new job
Make of I cannot make anything of this statement
Make merry
As we have now an unexpected holiday so let us make merry
Make out
Can you make out his handwriting
Make over
He has made over all his property to his son

She is an efficient housewife and makes over all her old clothes
Make room
I cannot make room for anything more in this trunk
Make sense
How can you be so foolish in dealing with your clients It doen t make sense to me
Make towards
The swimmer made towards the right bank of the river
Make up
Don t make up such silly excuses for your absence yesterday
Make way
The crowd hurriedly made way for the leader as he arrived
Mix up
As they were introduced to me in a hurry I mixed up their names and called him by the wrong name
O
Occur to
As I always considered him an honest person it never occurred to me that he was lying
Offend against
There was nothing in his speech to offend against good taste
P
Pack off
As he was getting on my nevers I packed him off
Palm off
He tried to palm off a forged hundred rupee note on me
Part with
Nobody likes to part with one s property
Pass away
Kumar s father passed away yesterday
Pass for
Our villagers being largely illiterate he passes for a learned man in our village
Pass out
She could not bear the sight of accident and passed out
Pass over
I passed over many candidates before I could choose this one
Pay attention
The teacher asked the student to pay attention to him
Pay off
He was not happy with his servant so he paid him off
Pick on
The quarrelsome boy always picked on fights with small children
Pick out
Anil spent a long time picking out a nice gift for Anita
Pick up
The children don t take long to pick up what they see around
Play down
Some newspapers played down the significance of disturbances in Poland
Play off
The crooked man played off the two friends against each other for his own benefit
Play on
Can you play on a violin

His skill to play on words makes him a very forceful speaker

Play with
It is dangerous to play with fire
Prevail over
None of these considerations prevailed over his prejudices
Prevail with
He is a difficult person So I found difficult to prevail with him
Proceed against
I have decided to proceed against him in a court of law
Provide against
A wise man takes care to provide against emergencies
Pull in
The coolies started running towards the train as it pulled in
Pull out
At the guard s signal the train pulled out of the station
Pull through
Although he was seriously ill and doctors had given up hope he pulled through
Pull together
The partners of Adarsh Enterprise have been fighting together If they manage to pull together they ll succeed
Pull up
The taxi pulled up at the entrance of the hotel
Push off
I m getting quite late so I must push off now
Push on
He was exhausted and ill but he pushed on
Put across
He put across his arguments very eloquently and convincingly
Put away
The workmen put away their tools and left the factory
Put down
The army easily put down the revolt
Put forward
He put forward his suggestions for our consideration
Put off
 The match had to be put off because of bad weather
Put on
She put on her best dress for the party

Don t put on as if you don t know anything

Put out
He put out the light and went to sleep

You should take care not to put out people by your irresponsible behaviour

The party put out a pamphlet to explain its economic policy

Put right
Ask the carpenter to put right this broken table
Put together
The child took the watch apart but couldn t put it together again
Put up
Where should I put up in Bombay
R
Rail against
It is useless railing against your master s orders
Rail at
He has always railed at his parents for not understanding him
Rake up
Please do not rake up old quarrels at this critical juncture
Rank with
There is scarcely any poet who can rank with Kalidas
Reason with
I had to reason hard with him for my proposal s acceptance
Reckon on
I was reckoning on her presence at the function
Reflect on
Your misconduct will reflect on your character
Relate to
Please get me the file that relates to this matter
Resort to
As the crowd became unruly the police had to resort to lathi charge
Rest on
His whole theory rests on a wrong assumption
Ride out
Fortunately our ship rode out the storm
Root out
The government is determined to root out corruption
Rout out I routed him out of bed early in the morning
Rule out
The police has ruled out the possibility of sabotage in this train accident
Run across
I was quite surprised to run across him in the market
Run after
Running after money does not speak well of you
Run against
She ran against her husband in the municipal elections
Run down
Certain malicious reviewers will run down even the best book ever written
Run errands
Ramesh is of obliging nature and runs errands for all the neighbours
Run for
He ran for presidentship in the college elections
Run into
I ran into an old friend yesterday at the cinema hall

lf you spend your money so recklessly you will soon run into debt
Run out
We were afraid that we might run out of our food supply at the excursion
Run over
The unlucky dog was run over by a car
Run short of
If we run short of food we will get more from some restaurant
Run through
I had to run through the book in an hour
S
Search out
Our aim in this inquiry is to search out the truth
See about
 I am badly tied up with other things so you will have to see about the catering arrangements at the party
See off
I went to the airport to see off my friend who left for U S A last night
See through
He saw through the entire job by himself

He was trying to be clever but I saw through his trick

See to
Will you please see to the catering arrangements for the function
Seek out
Ramesh and Vikas have gone to the nearby wood to seek out the place of rabbits
Sell out
He sold out his business as he could not make a profit
Send away
He was becoming a nuisance so I had to send him away
Send for
She has fallen unconscious Please send for a doctor immediately
Send word
He sent word to me that he would come in a week s time
Serve out
The apprentice has served out his period of apprenticeship so he is due for an increment
Serve up
She served up a tasty meal
Set about
As your examination is near you should set about your work without delay
Set apart
One day in the week is set apart as the rest day
Set aside
The Supreme Court set aside the verdict of the High Court in Bihari Lal case
Set down
The Magistrate set down in writing the witness statement
Set forth
He set forth his views with clarity and force
Set in
Just as I was about to go out the rain set in
Set off
As we have to go a long distance we will set off early in the morning
Set up
The state government has set up a new auditorium at Mehta Chowk to encourage performing arts
Set upon
As the poor old beggar approached the corner house two dogs set upon him
Set out
He set out on his travels
Set to
You have a lot to do so you should set to work at once
Settle down
After retirement now I have settled down in Delhi
Settle on
Finally she settled on a blue sari
Show off
She went to the party as she was quite keen to show off her new dress
Show up
I have been waiting for him for more than an hour but he has not yet shown up

If he provokes me further I will have to show him up

Shut in
As night came the shepherd shut his flock of sheep in
Shut off
There appeared to be some trouble with his car so he shut off its engine
Shut up
As the boy was chattering a lot the teacher asked him to shut up
Side with
No matter what happens I will always side with you
Sit out
I sat out his long lecture
Sit up
The poor old man was too weak to sit up
Sleep off
I was exhausted after the day s work so I decicied to sleep off my fatigue
Slow down
The train slowed down as it approached the station
Smart under
The clerk was smarting under the officer s rebuke
Snap at
He snapped at the offer I made to him
Speak up
As the audience could not hear the speaker it requested him to speak up
Spell out
He spelt out his treking plan in detail and asked me to accompany him
Stamp out
The government tried its best to stamp out the rebellion
Stand against
Parashuram was so powerful that no king could stand against him
Stand by
Please stand by for an important announcement
Stand for
The stars in the American flag stand for fifty states

My uncle stood for chairmanship of the Municipality

I will not stand for such a rude behaviour

Stand out
She stood out in the crowd because of her beauty
Stand up
How can you stand up to such tremendous pressure of work
Start for
When did he start for Bombay
Stay up
I had to finish with some work last night so I stayed up till one o clock
Stay with
When you come to Bombay please stay with me
Step down
Next month our company s president will step down in favour of his son
Step up I stepped up the speed of my car
Stick around
After dinner we requested our guest to stick around for the movie on the TV
Stick at
He will stick at nothing to fulfil his ends
Stick by Stick by your friends in their difficulty
Stick out
I went to the doctor with a stomach complaint and he asked me to stick out my tongue
Stick to
Despite interrogation he stuck to his story till the end
Stir up
He tried to stir up trouble between the management and the workers
Stop short
He was talking about Naresh but suddenly stopped short as he saw him coming
Strike down
The court struck down the government s ordinance as unconstitutional
Strike off
At the last moment something came into her mind and she struck off his name from the list of invitees
Strike up
At the end of the programme the band struck up the national anthem
Strike work
The factory workers struck work to demand higher wages
Subscribe to
Do you subscribe to the philosophy of Karma
Subsist on
The sadhu subsisted on nuts and roots for many weeks
Succeed to
The prince will succeed to the throne on the king s death
Sue for
As he developed after operation complication he sued the Verma Nursing Home for damages to the extent of ten
thousand rupees
T
Take after
She has taken after her mother
Take apart
Can you take apart a watch
Take down
Take down carefully whatever I say
Take for I took him for a doctor
Take in
He tried to play a trick on me but I couldn t be taken in
Take off
He took off his coat

We watched the plane take off

Take on
 They are taking on many new workers at that factory
Take over
After the Chairman retired the Managing Director took over as the new Chairman

They defeated the enemy and took over the fort

Take place
Where did the meeting take place
Take to
I took to Anil right from the very beginning
Take turns
During the trip Jeevan and I took turns at car driving
Take up
After completing school he took up mechanical engineering
Talk back
It is very rude to talk back to your elders
Talk over
The committee is talking over our report
Talk shop
The two lawyers always talk shop
Taste of
This coffee is no good it tastes of kerosene
Tear down
They brought bulldozers to tear down the building
Tell against
The new evidence relating to this case tells against the accused
Tell off
The headmaster told off the rowdy student
Tell on
It is unfair to tell on others
Tell upon
You must not work so hard It will tell upon your health
Think of
What did you think of the movie
Think out
They will have to think out some good idea to produce this kind of advertisement
Think up
You will have to think up a good excuse for the delay
Throw out
He was making a nuisance of himself so he was thrown out of the lecture hall
Throw up
Why have you thrown up your job
Tide over
Will this amount enable you to tide over your financial difficulties
Touch at
The Rajdhani Express between Delhi and Bombay touches at Baroda
Touch on
Your lecture was illuminating but did not touch on the problem of casteism in the country
Touch up
The photographer touched up my photograph
Trade in
I traded in my old car for a new one
Trade on
I traded on his good nature to help me out of my financial difficulties
Trifle with
It is cruel to trifle with anybody s feelings
Trump up
The story you have trumped up is not at all convincing
Try on
The tailor asked me to try on the coat
Try out
You should try out that TV set before you finally buy it
Turn about
The moment she saw him coming she turned about
Turn against
We have been such good friends and I had no idea that he would turn against me
Turn around
Being a novice he could not turn around the car in the narrow lane
Turn aside
Never turn aside from the path of truth
Turn away
He has turned away three applicants for the new post of purchase officer
Turn back
Please turn back from the edge of the water
Turn down
I m counting a lot on this so please do not turn down my request
 Please turn down the volume of the radio
Turn in
He turned in his answer paper and came out of the examination hall
Turn on
Please turn on the light
Turn out
How many cars does this factory turn out everyday

To begin with he looked like any other carpenter but later he turned out to be a very talented one
Turn tail
The enemy had to turn tail as it could not hold against the massive attack of our army
Turn up
Everybody was surprised to see him turn up at the meeting

Some interesting facts have turned up during the inquiry

U
Used to
I am quite used to driving in crowded places
Use up
Have you used up all the paper I had given you
W
Wade into
Ram could not tolerate Shyam s insulting remark He waded into him and knocked him down
Wade through
Today I have to wade through a lot of correspondence
Wait for
I ll wait for you at my office till you come
Wait on
She waited on us efficiently
Wash out
Can this stain be washed out
Watch over
The dog faithfully watched over his master s sleeping child
Wear off
This colour will wear off soon
Wear out
Constant use will wear out any machine
While away
Get to work Don t while away your time in trifles
Wind up
Recurring losses compelled him to wind up his business

I wound up my watch when I went to bed

Wink at
I can wink at his faults no longer
Work away
He is a hard working man He can work away at his job for hours at a stretch
Work into
The miner s drill worked into the hard rock
Work open I had lost my suitcase s key but somehow I managed to work it open
Work out
Could you work out that problem
Work up
Why are you so worked up
Y
Yield to
It took me long to persuade him to yield to my request

IDIOMS & PHRASES

A
Abounding in
Sea abounds in all kinds of animals
Above all
Above all don t mention this to Hari
Abreast with
He keeps himself abreast with the latest developments in the world of science
Absent minded person
Our professor is a very absent minded person
Accessary to
This man was accessary to the crime
Affect ignorance
 You cannot affect ignorance of the law and escape punishment
Aghast at
As she entered the hospital she looked aghast at the bed of the wounded
Agreeable to
He being very fussy the plan was not agreeable to his wishes
Alive to
He is not at all alive to the current economic problems
All at once
All at once the sky became dark and it began to rain
All moonshine
What you are saying is all moonshine
All of a sudden
All of a sudden the walls of the room started shaking
All the same
Although your agreements appear convincing all the same it will not happen
Animal spirits
Young children are by nature full of animal spirits
Apple of discord
Ever since their father s death this property has been an apple of discord between the two brothers
Apple of one s eye
His lovely little daughter is the apple of his eye
Ask for something
Now you are complaining about the cut in your salary You had asked for it by regularly coming late
At all
He told me that he did not have any money at all
At daggers drawn
Once upon a time they were friends but now they are at daggers drawn over the issue of money
At large
A convict who had escaped from prison last month is still at large
At once
The boss was furious over secretary s mistake and asked him to come to his room at once
At the eleventh hour
The mob was getting out of control but at the eleventh hour the police arrived and averted a riot
At times
At times she feels a little better but then again relapses into her old condition
Aware of
I was not aware of his intentions
B
Back out of
He backed out of the promise he had given me
Backstairs influence
He managed to get the job through backstairs influence
Bad blood
There is bad blood between the two neighbours
Be a party to something
I disagree with your proposals so I won t be a party to this agreement
Be all ears
The children were all ears as I began to tell the story of Alibaba
Be beside oneself
She was beside herself with grief when she heard about her son s death
Be born with a silver spoon in one s mouth
Pandit Nehru was born with a silver spoon in his mouth
Be bound to
We are bound to be late if you don t hurry
Be bound for
This ship is bound for London
Be ill at ease
The whole night mosquitoes kept on biting him and he was quite ill at ease
Be in the way
Is this chair in your way
Be no more
Since her husband is no more she feels quite lost
Be off
I was tired of his chattering and asked him to be off
Be out of the question
Without oxygen life is out of question
Be under age
You cannot vote as you are under age
Be up something
These boys have suspicious movements I am sure they are upto something
Be well off
They own a house and a car so they certainly are well off
Be worth its weight in gold
In the desert a bottle of water is worth its weight in gold
Bear down upon Our warship bore down upon the enemy convoy
Beast of burden
Mules are used as beasts of burden by the Indian Army
Beast of prey
A tiger is a beast of prey
Beat about the bush
Come to the point Don t beat about the bush
Beck and call
You cannot expect me to be at your beck and call everytime
Bed of roses
Life is no bed of roses
Beggar description
Her beauty beggared description
Behind the scenes
The leaders had been discussing behind the scenes for long and finally they arrived at an agreement
Bent on
I am sure the two boys are bent on some mischief
Better half
His better half takes good care of him
Bide his time
The hunter bided his time till the tiger approached the pond for a drink
Big deal
You think you can beat me A big deal
Birds s eye view
We had a bird s eye view of the city from the plane
Birds of a feather
Birds of a feather tend to flock together
Black sheep
Ramesh is the black sheep of the family
Blind alley
They had to turn back as they had entered a blind alley
Blind to
He is blind to his son s actions
Blow one s own trumpet
Blowing one s own trumpet speaks of ill breeding
Blow one s top
Ram has not been caring for his studies at all Naturally his father had to blow his top
Blue stocking
She has made a name for herself in society as a blue stocking
Body and soul
He gave himself body and soul to the pursuit of learning
Boil down
It all boils down to a clear case of murder
Bolt upright
As he was suddenly awakened by a passing procession s noise he got up and sat bolt upright
Bosom friend
Arun and Anil are bosom friends
Brazen faced fellow
I cannot stand that brazen faced fellow
Break cover
The enemy resumed heavy firing as the soldiers broke cover
Break in
The thief quietly broke in when everyone was asleep
Break the ice
They sat in awkward silence till I broke the ice
Break the news
Ram had drowned and somebody had to break the sad news to his family somehow
Breathe one s last
The nation plunged into grief as the beloved leader Pandit Nehru breathed his last
Bring to light
The C I D brought to light a hideous conspiracy to assassinate the police chief
Bring to the hammer
As he went bankrupt all his goods were brought to the hammer
Broad daylight
Yesterday the bank near our house was robbed in broad daylight
Brown study
Shyam is in the habit of getting into brown study
Build castles in the air
Be content with what you have There is no point in building castles in the air
Burning question
In the world today issue of Poland is a burning question
Burn the candle at both ends
If you burn the candle at both ends like this you will soon land up in the hospital
Bury the hatchet
The two warring nations reached a truce and at last buried the hatchet
By and By
By and by people began to come into the lecture hall
By heart
I know many passages from Shakespeare by heart
By himself
I have often seen him walking all by himself in the woods
By the way
By the way are you married
C
Call a spade a spade
I am not rude but at the same time I don t hesitate to call a spade a spade
Call to order
The chairman called the meeting to order
Capital crime
Murder is a capital crime
Capital idea
Going on a picnic this Sunday is a capital idea
Capital punishment
The murderer was awarded capital punishment
Carry one s point
In the beginning Mohan was slightly vague in his speech but gradually he succeeded in carrying his point
Carry the day
The opener scored a century and carried the day
Cast about for
He will cast about for an opportunity to take revenge on you
Catch one s eye
I could not catch his eye else I would have greeted him
Chicken hearted fellow
A chicken hearted man like you will never make a soldier
Clear off
Don t bother me Clear off
Close fisted man
Alhough having lot of money he is a close fisted man
Close shave
My car was just about to dash against the lamp post It was quite a close shave
Cock and bull story
Who would believe such a cock and bull story
Cold blooded murder
Karan had committed a cold blooded murder so the judge didn t show any mercy in awarding death sentence
Cold feet
At the sight of his opponent he got cold feet
Cold reception
I wonder why she gave him such a cold reception
Cold shoulder
He tried to talk to her but she gave him the cold shoulder
Come of age
Now that you have come of age you should take your own decisions
Come off it
Come off it don t start with that boasting again
Come to an end
It was such a boring film that I thought it would never come to an end
Come to light
The conspiracy came to light at the right time and plotters were arrested
Come up to
The profit from this deal with M s Renuka Enterprise has not come up to my expectations
Come up with
I must say you have Come up with an excellent idea
Commanding view
Come we can go up and get a commanding view of the harbour from the hill top
Confirmed bachelor
Is he going to marry late or is he a confirmed bachelor
Corresponding to
While digging in the field other day I found an old coin corresponding to the one shown in this picture
Cover a lot of ground
In his very first lecture the professor covered a lot of ground
Creature comforts
Being rich he would equip his mansion with all creature comforts
Crocodile tears
He shed crocodile tears at the loss incurred by his friend
Crux of a problem
The crux of the problem is how we are going to raise the funds we require for this project
Cry over spilt milk
In the beginning only I had told you that was a bad bargain It is no use crying over spilt milk now
Curtain lecture
 The hen pecked husband had to endure a curtain lecture every night
Cut a sorry figure
When asked to make a speech he cut a sorry figure
Cut out for
Vikas is not cut out for army
Cut to the quick
Your reproaches cut him to the quick
D
Dance attendance on one
He danced attendance on her all the time but she ignored him
Day in day out
He worked day in day out to pass his C A Examination
Dead against
Her mother is dead against her acting in the films
Dead letter
As there was no address on the letter it went to the dead letter office

Several enactments still on the statute book are now a dead letter
Dead loss
He invested quite a lot of money in paper business but it proved to be a dead loss
Dead of night
The thief entered the house at dead of night
Dead silence
There was dead silence in the deserted house
Dead tired
Having walked four miles I felt dead tired and immediately fell asleep
Dish something out
He is a glib talker and very good at dishing out flattery
Do a city
While I do the city you can relax in the hotel and watch the television
Do away with
The murderer seems to have done away with the body
Done to death
The poor man was done to death by repeated lathi blows on the head
Do well
He is doing quite well in his new business
Dog eared book
This dog eared book suggests that you have read it carefully and marked the important pages
Down and out
He was without money and without food In short just down and out
Draw out a person
For a long time he was reluctant to say anything but in the end I managed to draw him out
Draw a line
I can at the most give you one thousand rupees And then I must draw a line
Drop a line
As soon as I get to Bombay I ll drop you a line
Drop a subject
We don t seem to agree so let us drop the subject
Drop in on
Do drop in on me whenever you have the time
Drop out of
He had to drop out of the race when his car broke down
Dutch courage
He showed a lot of Dutch courage but got frightened as the drink wore off
E
Ease someone out
After the two companies merged a number of their officers had to be eased out
Easy Come easy go
He inherited great wealth but spent it all foolishly It was a case of easy Come easy go
Eat humble pie
He used to boast about his intelligence Now with such bad examination results he has to eat the humble pie
Eat one s words
He was vehemently insisting on his point but finally had to eat his words when the truth came out
Eat out
When you eat out what restaurant do you generally go to
Elbow room
He is a go getter and needs just elbow room to succeed
Err on the safe side
To err on the safe side I gave him fifty five when he asked seventy pieces
Escape notice I read this copy very carefully but don t know how this mistake escaped my notice
Escape one s lips
Never let that abusive word escape your lips again
Every now and then
 We are very good friends and visit each other every now and then
F
Fast living
Rich men s children generally like fast living
Feather one s nest
The corrupt people are always busy feathering their nests
Fed up with I am fed up with this daily drudgery
Feel up to
Do you feel up to writing letters after a have working day
Fellow feeling
One should have fellow feelings for all
Few and far between
His visits to our place are now few and far between
Fight shy of I fight shy of air travel as it makes me sick
Fill one in
As Ramesh could not attend the meeting he asked me to fill him in
Fish out of water
I felt like a fish out of water in the company of those scientists
Flowery style
Flowery style is not suited to every kind of writing
Fly in the face of
Why should you recklessly fly in the face of danger
Fly off at a tangent
Stick to the point Don t fly off at a tangent
For good
He proposes to leave India for good
For long I cannot go on with this boring work for long
Force one s hand
I forced his hand to learn the real motive behind his plan
Forty winks
After lunch I must have my forty winks
Fill in for
Our manager has not been keeping well So I have filled in for him
For the time being
For the time being I am staying at a hotel but I propose to rent a flat shortly
Free lance
He is a free lance and contributes to several papers and magazines
French leave
The boss is angry with him for taking french leave
Fresh lease of life
The heart patient ws almost dying But now through the relentless efforts of doctor he has got a fresh lease of
life
Fringe benefits
His salary is small but he gets good fringe benefits
Face up to
You have to face up to the fact that you are not capable of handling this job
Fair play I know him well and can count on his sense of fair play
Fair sex
She was the only representative of the fair sex at the meeting
Fair weather friend
Most of the people you are associating with these days are just fair weather friends
Fall a prey to
The innocent man fell a prey to the designs of the cheat
Fall back upon
If I don t do well as a businessman I ll have to fall back upon my old profession of journalism
Fall behind in
He fell ill and had to miss his college for a month As a result he fell behind in his studies
Fall foul of
If this new clerk continues with his criticism like this he will soon fall foul of the manager
Fall in with
He found my plan very profitable and so readily fell in with it
Fall out of use
As a language grows new words are added and many old ones fall out of use
Fall out with
It is indeed sad to see that you have fallen out with your best friend
Fall to one s lot
I fell to my lot to become a writer
Fall to work
He fell to work with enthusiasm and completed the job in an hour
Family likeness
There is a family likeness between the two cousins
Family tree
Our family tree is rooted in eighteenth century
Fan the flame
 Although outwardly he professed loyalty in secret he was fanning the flame of sedition
Fancy price
He has recently bought an imported TV set at a fancy price
G
Gain ground
India lost the first two matches but began to gain ground gradually
Game is not worth the candle
If you have to send your article to a dozen editors to get it published I must say that the game is not worth the
candle
Get ahead of
Ram has got ahead of Shyam in mathematics
Get all dolled up
She gets all dolled up when she gets ready to go to parties
Get along with
He has the knack for getting along with all sorts of people
Get away with
You can t cheat me like that and get away with it
Get by heart
Have you got the whole poem by heart
Get down to
Now as we have had an hour s rest let us get down to business
Get even with
The other day Arun made a fool of Anil And now Anil wants to get even with him
Get hold of
I was quite far from the stage and couldn t get hold of what the speaker was saying
Get into a soup
You will get into a soup if you neglect your studies like this
Get into the swing of things
Many of the Indian students don t take long to get into the swing of things in the U S A
Get on one s nerves
She talks so much that she gets on my nerves
Get on with

Get on with your work Naresh and I get on with each other quite well
Get out of
Sita is a very affectionate mother and does not let her children get out of her sight
Get out of line
The headmaster warned unruly Gopal that he would be expelled if he got out of line in future
Get rid of
Don t ask what all I had to do to get rid of a bore like Vinay
Get the better of
He easily got the better of her in the argument
Get the sack
He is thoroughly incompetent and I know that one day he will get the sack
Get the upper hand
It was a keenly fought match but in the end I got the upper hand
Get through with
When will you get through with your homework
Get wind of
There was a well guarded conspiracy but somehow the government got wind of it
Get word
I got word that my brother had suddenly become ill
Gift of the gab
He has a gift of the gab and can hold his audience spellbound
Give a break
Considering the fact that it was his first offence the judge gave him a break and let him off only with a warning
Give a piece of mind
He is so negligent in his work that I had to give him a piece of my mind
Give a ring
I ll give you a ring as soon as I get there
Give a wide berth
He is not to be trusted You should always give him a wide berth
Give chapter and verse
I can give you chapter and verse for every statement I am making
Give currency to
Many new words in English have got currency of late
Give into
He gave into her wishes
Give quarter
The conqueror gave no quarter to the defeated
Give the go by
There are many old religious practices to which we have now given the go by
Give the slip
As the thief saw the policeman he gave him the slip by getting into a nearby lane
Given to
I was sorry to see that he was given to heavy drinking
Go a long way
This amount will go a long way in defraying your trip s expenses
Go hand in hand
Going hand in hand with this expansion programme of the company is a massive plan of modernisation
Go in for
What sports do you go in for
Go off the deep end
Think with a cool mind There is no need to go off the deep end and act foolishly
Go through channels
You will have to go through the channels if you want your representation for promotion to be considered
Go through fire and water
A patriot is ready to go through fire and water to serve his motherland
Go through with
Do you have the determination enough to go through with this job
Go to law
In the western countries people go to law on very petty issues
Go to rack and ruin
The government must do something to save this sick sugar mill from going to rack and ruin
Go to town
The interior decorator went to town on my flat and made it like a palace
Go without saying
It goes without saying that honesty pays in the long run
Going concern
He has expanded his business and it is now a going concern
Golden mean
We shall not go to the extremes rather find a golden mean between the two
Golden opportunity
It was a golden opportunity for me to show my mettle
Good deal
This sofa set has cost me a good deal of money
Good hand
She is quite a good hand at knitting

You have a good hand

Good humour
He has got a promotion today so he is in good humour
Good offices
This dispute between the two countries can be resolved only through the good offices of Irrigation Ministers
Green room
After the play was over I went to the green room to see the hero
Grow grey
Prasad began working at the age of twenty and has grown grey in the same office
Grow out of
As child he used to stutter but now has grown out of it
H
Hall mark
He is generally a good painter but Batik painting is one of his hall marks
Hammer and tongs
The opposition went for the government s policies hammer and tongs
Hang by a thread
Naresh has been badly injured in the train accident and he is still hanging by a thread
Hang fire
This matter had been hanging fire for more than a month
Hard boiled
He is a hard boiled businessman
Hard of hearing
You will have to speak a little louder as Mr Rao is hard of hearing
Hard up
Ever since he has left his job he has been quite hard up
Haul over the coals
The boss hauled him over the coals for his insubordination
Have a brush with
Our union s president had a brush with the general secretary in a meeting last week
Have a finger in the pie
Why should you be so interested in what he is being paid Do you have a finger in the pie
Have a mind
He can be very funny if he has a mind
Have a thing at one s finger tips
He has the Maratha history at his finger tips
Have an easy time of it
As long as Mr Rao was there as the manager the staff had an easy time of it but now things have changed
Have another guess coming
 If you think I ll be with you in this mischief you have another guess coming
Have been to
Have you been to Bombay of late
Have clean hands
You can t suspect him of taking bribery I am sure his hands are clean
Have in hand
What job do you have in hand at present
Have it out with
I am sure he has cheated me and I am going to have it out with him
Have an eye on a thing
Be content with what you have Don t have an eye on others things
Have one s hands full
Please do not ask me to do anything more my hands are already full
Have one s heart set on
Ever since he had heard of accounts of the U S A from his brother he has his heart set on going abroad
Have one s way
Little children must have their way in everything
Have the right ring
The statesman s speech about the problem had the right ring about it
Have too many irons in the fire
Beware of your health breaking down under the strain of overwork I think you have too many irons in the fire
Help oneself to
Please help yourself to whatever you would like to have
Hen pecked husband
Prakash is known among his friends as an hen pecked husband
Herculean task
Preparing such a big report in such a short time was indeed a herculean task
Hide one s light under a bushel
To keep such a learned man in his present obscure position is like hiding his light under a bushel
High and low
I searched for my pen high and low
High flown style
He has a high flown style which does not cater to masses
High living
Many diseases are brought on by high living
High noon
At high noon during summer in Delhi people generally keep indoors
High time
It is high time to get up
Hit it off
She and her husband do not seem to hit it off
Hit the nail on the head
The reviewer hit the nail on the head when he wrote that the main shortcoming of the book was the author s
ignorance of the subject
Hold on to
he held on to the rope for fear of falling
Hold one s own
Will you be able to hold your own in front of a great player like him
Hold one s tongue
She talked so much that I had to ask her to hold her tongue
Hold out against
Although our force was small we held out against a large number of enemies
Husband one s resources
We were careful to husband our resources for our journey across the desert
Hush money
A lot of hush money passed between the minister and his favourite business house
I
Idle compliment
Although he praised my work yet I knew it was an idle compliment
In a bad way
Rajiv had an accident yesterday and now he is in a had way
In a body
The boys went in a body to the headmaster to request him to declare a holiday on account of their winning a
cricket match
In a fair way
The doctor thinks that Ramesh is in a fair way to recovery
In a fix
I could not decide whether to leave or stay I was in a fix
In a mess
Do your work properly else you ll get into a mess
In a person s good books
Ram is a bright boy and naturally in his teacher s good books
In a temper
The boss seems to be in a temper today
In a word
In a word he doesn t care for your company
In an instant
In an instant the panther leapt onto its prey
In all
In all there were thirty students in the class
In a bad taste
You should not have criticised him so viciously It was in a bad taste
In course of time
In course of time the little boy grew into a fine young man
In keeping with
I knew he would help you This is in keeping with his character
In one s element
Everyone at the party laughed at his jokes and I could see that he was in his element
In one s line
He writes quite well After all this is in his line
In one s teens
Some girls get married while still in their teens
In the air
It s in the air that he is going to become a minister
In the chair
Who was in the chair at the meeting
In the doldrums
On account of trade recession his business is in the doldrums for more than a year
In the same boat
Don t get worked up about financial problems We are in the same boat
In time
Did you reach office in time
In the long run
You will find that he proves to be your best friend in the long run
In the van
Kalidas will always be in the van of Sanskrit poets
In vain
The doctor s all efforts went in vain and the patient could not be saved
Ins and outs
Only Prakash knows the ins and outs of this affair
Iron hand
The despots usually rule their kingdom with an iron hand
Iron will
Sardar Patel is known as a man of an iron will
J
Jack of all trades
Anand is a jack of all trades and master of none
Jail bird
He being a notorious jail bird the judge did not show any mercy to him
Join in with
We requested him to join in with us but he preferred to act independently
Jaundiced eye
Don t look at the proposal with a jaundiced eye
Jump to a conclusion
Don t jump to the conclusion that Ravi does not care for you only because he could not help you this time
Just the thing
You are being critical but in my opinion Arun s appointment to this post is just the thing
K
Keep a thing to oneself
I knew he did not mean what he was saying so I kept the whole thing to myself
Keep an eye on
Please keep an eye on my suitcase while I buy my ticket
Keep body and soul together
His income is just enough to keep his body and soul together
Keep company with
If you keep company with bad people you will automatically acquire bad habits
Keep good time
My watch always keeps good time
Keep in mind
Please keep in mind that you promised to phone her this evening
Keep in the dark
Why did you keep me in dark about your illness
Keep in touch with
He promised to keep in touch with us while he was abroad
Keep late hours
If you keep late hours you will ruin your health
Keep on with
 I asked him to check these proofs and he has kept on with it for the last four hours
Keep one s head
When I saw a thief enter the room I kept my head and bolted the door from outside
Keep out of the way
Keep selfish people like Govind out of the way
Keep pace with
Jeewan is really fast in Mathematics I cannot keep pace with him
Keep someone at arm s length
He is a cheat so I take care to keep him at arm s length
Keep the wolf from the door
The poor man found it hard to keep the wolf from the door
Keep to the house
He has not been keeping well of late so he keeps to the house
Keep track of
We are going to keep track of all our expenses while we are in the U S A
Keep up with
Ram walks so fast that it is difficult to keep up with him
Kick a habit
He used to be quite a heavy smoker I wonder how Come he has kicked this habit
Kick something around
They will first kick around with many proposals and then finally settle on one
Kill two birds with one stone
While in New Delhi I ll call on a friend and also do some shopping Thus I ll kill two birds with one stone
Knock off
You have been working since morning now knock it off
Know by sight
Although I haven t been introduced to our new neighbour yet I know him by sight
knowing look
He gave me a knowing look when I said I was busy in the evening
L
Laid up with
He was out in the rain yesterday and now is laid up with cold and fever
Lame excuse
Whenever Virendra is late for office he gives some lame excuse
Land on one s feet
It was dangerous dive in the air but he finally landed on his feet
Laugh in one s sleeve
He was wearing a funny dress at the party And everyone was laughing in his sleeve
Laughing stock
He talked nonsense and made himself the laughing stock at the party
Lay bare
I can t rest until I ve laid bare this conspiracy
Lay down the law
In his house his wife lays down the law
Lay hands on
The bandit laid hands on the poor travellers
Lay one s hand on
I hope I m lucky to lay my hand on the history book I m looking for
Lay oneself open to
Fault finders lay themselves open to attack if they make a slip anywhere
Lay up for a rainy day
Don t spend your money so lavishly You should lay up something for a rainy day
Lay waste
During the World War II many cities in Europe were laid waste by continuous bombardment
Lead a charmed life
I wonder how he has come out unscathed from this dangerous mission He seems to be leading a charmed life
Lead a person a dance
Why don t you pay him his dues instead of leading him a dance
Lead by the nose
He is quite a henpecked husband and is led by nose by his wife
Leading question
The lawyer asked the witness many a leading question
Leave in the lurch
He stood by me as long as all was well but left me in the lurch the moment he sensed danger
Leave much to be desired
The arrangements they made for the function left much to be desired
Leave the beaten track
This author has left the beaten track and suggested a fresh look on the age old problem of casteism
Leave to oneself
At times I prefer to be left to myself
Left handed compliment
It is no left handed compliment You really acted very well
Legal tender
Thousand rupee notes are not legal tender any more
Lend a hand
Let us all lend him a hand in carrying these books to the basement
Lend one s ear
Friends lend me your ears
Let bygones be bygones
We are now friends so let bygones be bvgones
Let fly
The boy let fly a stone in the direction of the dog
Let go of
Don t let go of the rope until I tell you
Let loose
The dogs were let loose on the running thief
Let the cat out of the bag
Ramesh let the cat out of the bag when he said Renu was just pretending to be ill because she did not want to go
to school
Let the grass grow under your feet
Do this work quickly don t let the grass grow under your feet
Lie in one s power
I will do whatever lies in my power to get you the job
Lie in wait for
The tiger hid and lay in wait for its prey
Light fingered gentry
As he reached his trousers pocket for his wallet he realised that he had fallen a victim to the light fingered
gentry
Light reading
I think I ll do some light reading during train journey to pass time
Light sleeper
I am a light sleeper and even a slight sound can wake me up
Lion s share
The lion s share of his profit was appropriated by his financier
Little by little
His health is improving but little by little
Live from hand to mouth
Majority of Indian population lives from hand to mouth
Live it up
The rich man s son went to America and lived it up
Live up to
Kuldip had great expectations of his son but he did not live up to them
Long and short
The long and short of what I have to say to you is that you are inefficient
Long winded
The audience visibly appeared bored with his long winded speech
Look a gift horse in the mouth
You should not say that the book Mohan has gifted you is rubbish It is improper to look a gift horse in the mouth
Look back on
It is usually pleasant to look back on the childhood memories
Look daggers at someone
What have I done Why are you looking daggers at me
Look down upon
We should not look down upon him just because he is poor
Look every inch
He looks every inch a king
Look forward to
We are all looking forward to your visit to Bombay
Look out for
I am on the look out for a good second hand car
Look up to
When Gandhiji was alive everybody used to look up to him
Lord it over
Try to be independent Don t let others lord over you
Lose ground
To begin with he was ahead of others in the race but later he lost ground
Lose heart
Don t lose heart everything will be all right in due course
Lose one s cool
One should not lose one s cool even in the most difficult situation
Lose one s head
You are of course in a fix but still you must not lose your head
Lose one s touch
I m afraid I will not be able to play well anymore I seem to have lost my touch
Lose one s way
We had gone for hunting but while returning lost our way in the woods
M
Maiden name
 What is the maiden name of Mrs Kapur
Maiden speech
The new M P of our area promised to bring electricity in our town in his maiden speech
Make a clean breast of something
The accused made a clean breast of everything
Make a hash
Don t meddle in my cooking You will make a hash of everything
Make a mountain of a molehill
This job will not take you more than a few minutes So don t make a mountain of a molehill
Make a living
In India it is difficult to make a living as an artist
Make a point
I make it a point of buying a new book every month
Make a virtue of necessity
Knowing that the landlord was about to drive him out he vacated the house himself Thus making a virtue of
necessity
Make an example of
I must make an example of behaving in the same rude manner as he does with others
Make amends for
By his good deed today he had made amends for past misbehaviour
Make away with
The thief made away with a thousand rupees
Make believe
The little girl made believe that she was a princess
Make bold to
We made bold to call directly on the minister to present our memorandum of demands
Make both ends meet
In a poor country like India a lot of people find it difficult to make both ends meet
Make common cause with
I will make common cause with you in your efforts to eradicate the evil of casteism from the country
Make fun of
Anita had made a very funny hairdo for the party and everybody made fun of it
Make hay while the sun shines
When business was good he worked hard and made money he believes in making hay while the sun shines
Make it up with
I had quarrelled with Ram yesterday but now I have made it up with him
Make light of
Although Naresh had committed a serious mistake in the ledger yet he tried to make light of it
Make much ado about nothing
I am only five minutes late so don t make much ado about nothing
Make much of
Every mother makes much of her children
Make neither head nor tail
He was so confused that I could make neither head nor tail of what he said
Make no bones about
She made no bones about her distaste for mathematics
Make off with
The thief made off with a thousand rupees
Make one fire
I am amazed at your capacity for hard work and I wonder what makes you fire
Make his mark
It did not take him long to make his mark at the college
Make their mouth water
As I was hungry the sight of cakes made my mouth water
Make his way
I made my way through the great crowd
Make oneself at home
Please make yourself at home there is no need to be formal
Make oneself scarce
Don t trouble me Make yourself scarce
Make short of
Our lawyer was quite smart and made short of the defence counsel s arguments
Make the best of
If we cannot find a larger apartment we will continue living here and make the best of what we have
Make the best of a bad bargain
As the cloth was little damaged I got it very cheap thus making the best of a bad bargain
Make up for
You will have to make up for the loss you have caused
Make up one s mind
Have you made up your mind about my proposal to go to Simla this summer
Make up to
Ramkrishan has been making up to the manager in the hope of a promotion
Man in a thousand
I like Ramesh very much in my opinion he is a man in a thousand
Man in the street
 The critics praised him as a great author but the man in the street did not think much of him
Man of letters
He started writing at a very young age and is now an acknowledged man of letters
Man of parts
He is a singer a dancer and a musician in short a man of parts
Man of straw
Gulzar is a man of straw You cannot possibly rely on him
Meet one half way
I cannot accept but I am prepared to meet you half way
Middle age
Although he is middle aged yet he looks quite young
Milk of human kindness
She is full of the milk of human kindness
Mind one s own business
Mind your own business don t interfere in my personal affairs
Miss the boat
It was a golden opportunity for him to make a profit but choosy as he is he missed the boat
Moot point
Whether school children should be given sex education or not is a moot point
Move heaven and earth
He will move heaven and earth to find out about the murderer
N
Naked eye
You can not look straight at the sun at noon with naked eye
Narrow escape
No sooner did we run out of the burning house than it collapsed It was indeed a narrow escape
Never mind
Never mind if you cannot arrange for the books I had asked for
Next to nothing
The children have eaten the entire loaf of bread and there is next to nothing left
Nine days wonder
Many a scientific inventions have proved just nine day s wonders
Nip in the bud
The government nipped the revolt in the bud
No love lost between
Although Mr Sharma and Mr Verma do not quarrel openly there is no love lost between them
No matter
No matter where the thief tries to hide the police will find him out
Not fit to hold a candle
Most of the English dramatists are not even fit to hold a candle to Shakespeare
Not on your life
I asked Ashok if he was interested in joining politics and he retorted not on your life
Not worth his salt
I had employed him as he had brought good certificates but I soon found out that he was really not worth his
salt
Now and then
I don t often fall ill but now and then I do catch cold
Null and void
This offer is open for six months after which it will become null and void
O
Of a piece
Ram and Shayam are of a piece in their general conduct
Of late
Of late many girls have started dressing like boys
Off and on
He drops in off and on for a chat with me
Off one s head
How can you say I won t help you Are you off your head
Oily tongue
I have seen many people falling prey to his oily tongue
On edge
Expecting his examination result any moment he was on an edge throughout
On one s guard
He tried to trick me but I was on my guard
On one s last legs
This hotel project is on its last legs now
On purpose
I suspect he made that mistake on purpose
On the alert
The commander asked the guards to be on the alert
On the double
Double up to your quarters soldiers
On the eve of
 On the eve of his marriage he fell ill
On the look out
The police inspector asked all constables to be on the look out for the thief
On the spot
During police firing one man died on the spot
On the wane
The British Empire s influence is now on the wane
On the whole
I have slight doubts about certain things but on the whole I agree with you
On time
Did you reach office on time today
Once and for all
I am warning you once and for all to mend your ways
Once in a while
Earlier I used to see a film every Sunday but now I go only once in a while
Once upon a time
Once upon a time there was a king who was very powerful
One and all
The soldiers one and all were drunk
Open fire
As the enemy approached we opened fire
Open handed man
He is an open handed man and will certainly help you with money
Open hearted man
He is an open hearted person and liked by all
Open mind
I have an open mind on this question
Open one s mind
She opened her mind to me and told me that she was in love with him
Open question
Whether the government will accept opposition s this proposal or not is an open question
Open secret
It is an open secret that this film star is bald and wears a wig
Order of the day
Nowadays jeans are the order of the day among youth
Out and out
He is out and out a docile character
Out at elbows
He has suffered heavy losses in business and is now out at elbows
Out of breath
He ran very fast and was out of breath when he reached here
Out of date
Double breasted coats are now out of date
Out of doors
One must spend some time out of doors everyday
Out of favour
Mr Sharma once a great favourite of our boss now seems to be out of favour with him
Out of hand
If you do this job out of hand you will be free in the evening
Out of one s mind
You are shouting and screaming as if you are out of your mind
Out of order
I had to take a taxi because my car was out of order
Out of pocket
I m sorry I cannot lend you any money as I am out of pocket myself
Out of sight out of mind
Even when I was in Bombay I remembered you always It was not a question of out of sight out of mind
Out of sorts
I feel out of sorts today
Out of step
Your remark is quite out of step in what we are discussing
Out of temper
Be on your guard the boss seems to be out of temper today
Over and over
He is such a dull boy that I have to explain to him the same thing over and over
Over head and ears
He is over head and ears in love with her
Over night
It s quite late why don t you stay here over night
Over and above
Over and above this consideration there is another I wish to mention
Over one s head
The speech of chairman was so pedantic that it went over the heads of the audience
P
Part and parcel
Every person is part and parcel of the society
Passing strange
Rakesh has turned out to be spy for the enemy It s passing strange
Pay one back in his own coin
Don t play tricks on him otherwise he will pay you back in your own coin
Pick a lock
The burglar picked the lock and broke into the house
Pick a quarrel with
The soldier was furious over his insulting remark and was determined to pick a quarrel with the sailor
Pick holes
Scientists tried to pick holes in his theory
Pick pocket
A young boy was arrested by the police for picking a man s pocket
Pick up the tale
When he went abroad to attend an international conference his company picked up the tale
Pin something on
Despite his best efforts the public prosecutor could not pin the robbery on the accused
Pink of condition
If you want to make a name as an athlete you must be in the pink of condition
Piping hot
I always prefer to have my tea piping hot
Play a trick on
The boys tried to play a trick on the professor but he was too clever for them
Play fast and loose with
You promised to stitch my shirt by today But you haven t How can you play fast and loose with your promises
like this
Play second fiddle
He always plays second fiddle
Play something by the ear
As I did not know much of subject I decided to play it by the ear rather than show my ignorance by asking a lot of
questions
Play the game
Whatever you do always play the game
Play truant
Playing truant is a bad practice among school children which should be checked at a proper stage
Play up to
Ravi plays up to every girl he meets
Plume oneself on
Vikas always plumes himself on his record in mathematics
Pocket an insuit
A debtor unable to pay has to often pocket insults from his creditor
Poet laureate
Wordsworth was the poet laureate for England during the early nineteenth century
Point blank
When I asked him to loan me rupees he refused point blank
Poison the mind
Ramesh tried to poison my mind against Umesh
Pros and cons
Don t pester me about your appointment I shall take a decision only after weighing the pros and cons of the
matter
Provide against a rainy day
Wise men save to provide against a rainy day
Pull one s punches
When I complained to the neighbour about his vicious dog I did not pull any punches
Pull one s weight
If you do not pull your weight you will be sacked
Pull oneself together
You can t go on weeping like this over bad results Pull your self together
Pull well with
I resigned my job because I could not pull well with my ill tempered boss
Put a spoke in one s wheel
Babu Ram was getting on well in business till Lala Ram opened a rival establishment and thus put a spoke in his
wheel
Put down in black and white
I am not lying The evidence is here in black and white
Put it to one
I put it to you is it wise to squander money like this
Put on trial
Although Ram hadn t stolen any money he was put on trial
Put one on his guard
As the robber saw the watchman he put his accomplice on his guard
Put one out of countenance
My friendly response to his hostile attitude put him out of countenance
Put one s foot down
 I did not mind my son spending some money on clothes but when he asked for a hundred rupees for a new tie I
had to put my foot down
Put one s foot in it
He put his foot in it when he addressed the chief guest by the wrong name
Put one s hand to a thing
Once you put your hand to this job you won t fïnd it very difficult
Put one s shoulder to the wheel
It was a very tough job to be handled by one person but he put his shoulder to the wheel
Put something by for a rainy day
Don t be in a hurry to spend all your money put something by for a rainy day
Put the cart before the horse
How can you prepare the plan before you have got the loan sanctioned It s like putting the cart before the horse

Put the screw

Unless you put the screw on your extravagant expenditure you ll be in debt soon
Put things ship shape
Clean the room and put everything ship shape
Put to bed
She put her children to bed
Put to flight
During war the Indian Army put up a tremendous show and put the enemy to flight
Put to sea
That ship will be put to sea tomorrow
Put to shame
I had been unfair to him but he put me to shame by his generous behaviour
Put to the sword
Nadir Shah put many innocent Indians to sword
Put up to
Who put you up to this mischief
Put up with
How do you put up with that kind of noise whole day
Q
Quarrel with one s bread and butter
Giving it back to your superiors is just like quarrelling with your bread and butter
Queer fïsh
You never know how he might behave He s a queer fish
Quick of understanding I didn t think much of him but he was quick of understanding and easily
grasped the subject
Quite a few
Quite a few students were absent in our class today
R
Rack one s brains I racked my brains over this algebra problem for two hours but could not find a
solution
Racy style
He writes in a racy style
Read between the lines
His speech was very simple but if you read between the lines you can find it was full of biting criticism
Read upon
I am reading upon Canada as I shall be shortly visiting it
Ready money
Do you have ready money to make the payment
Ready pen
A journalist has to have a ready pen
Real estate
The most safe investment these days is the one in the real estate
Red letter day
August is a red letter day in Indian history
Red tape
The red tape of government thwarts many a promising project
Rest on one s laurels
It s a great achievement to have secured a first position in University but you must not rest on your laurels
Rest on one s oars
Don t rest on your oars until you ve reached the top
Ride a hobby
I tried to converse with him on various subjects but he kept riding his hobby
Right hand man
Ram Prashad is minister s right hand man so you can t displease him
Right here
See me right here at this shop after half an hour
Right now
Let us do it right now
Rise like a phoenix from its ashes
Many times the tyrant stamped out revolt in his kingdom but it kept on rising like a phoenix from its ashes
Rise to the occasion
During the Chinese aggression many people rose to the occasion and raised crores of rupees for war efforts
Roaring business
Till yesterday he was a small time shopkeeper But ever since he has started with book trade he has been doing
roaring business
Rough guess
At a rough guess I would say there were about fifty people at Shyam s party
Round dozen
This man has a round dozen of children
Rule of thumb
He is an efficient mechanic although he does the job only by rule of thumb
Rule the roost
I don t like Ashok He always tries to rule the roost
Ruling passion
Love of money has been the ruling passion of his life
Run away with
If you let your feelings run away with your judgement you won t make a good judge

Don t run away with the notion that I do not want to succeed
Run in the blood
Acting runs in Kapoor family s blood
Run of good luck
In the beginning he had a run of good luck and made a big profit but has been suffering losses now
Run on a bank
There was a run on the bank as the rumour spread that it was being closed down
Run out of
We ran out of petrol on our way to Agra
Run riot
The poet s imagination has run riot in this poem
S
Scot free
As the police could not collect enough evidence against the robber he went scot free
Search me Why did she get so angry suddenly search me
Seasoned food
Seasoned food is tasty but not good for digestion
See how the land lies
We ll attack the enemy at night after seeing how the land lies
See how the wind blows
We might launch the product in the market next month after seeing how the wind blows
See the light
He says he has written a book But if he has it is vet to see the light
See through coloured spectacles
If you couldn t do well in the hockey tournament you should not lose heart Don t see through coloured
spectacles
Send one about his business
As the salesman started getting on my nerves I sent him about his business
Serve one right
He was trying to push Sanjay but fell himself It served him right
Set a scheme on foot
After we had worked out all the details we set the scheme on foot
Set at defiance
He set the law of land at defiance and landed up in jail
Set at liberty
As the police could not prove the case against the prisoner he was set at liberty
Set eyes on
While wandering in the woods yesterday I happened to set my eyes on a strange sight
Set one on his legs again
After he sustained serious losses in his business I gave him a loan to set him on his legs again
Set one s face against
They tried their best to draw him in the conspiracy but he set his face against it
Set one s heart on
My son has set his heart on going abroad for higher studies
Set one s house in order
Ever since Lal Singh s son has taken over the business he has set the house in order
Set one s teeth
I know I had to suffer hardship but I had set my teeth and determined not to give up
Set one s teeth on edge
His disgusting behaviour set my teeth on edges
Set sail
Let us go on board the ship is about to set sail
Set store in
You don t seem to set store in his advice
Settle an account
I have to settle an account with Ram
Sharp practice
It is said that he has made good money through sharp practice
Shooting star
Have you ever seen a shooting star
Short cut
This lane is a short cut to my house
Show a bold front
You only have to show a bold front and he will yield to your demand
Show fight
A bully is a coward and he will back out if you show fight
Shut one s mouth
You can easily shut his mouth if you remind him of his foolish behaviour in the last party
Sick bed
How did you get into sick bed Till yesterday you were alright
Sick leave
I am on sick leave for the last one week
Side issue
We ll take up the side issues after we are through with the main problem
Side line
We are mainly dealers in ready made garments but sale of hosiery items is our side line
Sight seeing
During our halt in Madras we went sight seeing
Single blessedness
Why should I marry I don t want to give up the state of single blessedness
Sink money
He has sunk in a lot of money in a business of precious stones and nothing has come out of it
Sink or swim
Whatever be the situation I will never leave you We shall sink or swim together
Sit up with
As her husband was ill she sat up with him throughout the night
Skin of one s teeth
When the ship sank everybody drowned except Vimal who managed to escape with the skin of his teeth
Sleeping partner
I told him that I could invest some money in a joint venture with him but as I was busy with my own affairs I
could only be a sleeping partner
Slip of the pen
It was just a slip of the pen when I wrote boot instead of foot
Slip of the tongue I didn t mean to hurt you It was just a slip of the tongue
Slip through one s fingers
Had you been a little careful this golden opportunity would not have slipped through your fingers
Small arms
Illegal distribution of small arms has given a fillip to crime in our area
Small fry
I have a factory of my own but as compared to a big industrialist like you I am only a small fry
Small hours
As I had to catch a flight I got up in the small hours of the morning
Small talk
We passed a pleasant hour in small talk
Snake in the grass
Don t ever trust Mohan He is a snake in the grass
So far So far I have completed only five chapters of this book
Sound a person
I learn you have been sounded for the general manager s post
Sound beating
The teacher caught on to Gopal s mischief and gave him a sound beating
Sour grapes
The fox tried her best to reach the grapes but couldn t Finally she said that grapes were sour
Sow one s wild oats
After sowing his wild oats he has now got a job and finally settled down
Spare time
In my spare time I prefer to read
Speak extempore
Although he spoke extempore it was a fine speech
Speak for itself
I am not exaggerating by praising him His work speaks for itself
Speak for one
As he was too shy to put forward his case I had to speak for him
Speak of one in high terms
You speak of him in high term But does he deserve so much praise
Speak one s mind
Since you have asked for my candid opinion I shall speak my mind
Speak volumes
It speaks volumes for her love for him that she left her home to marry him
Speak well for
The neatness of his writing speaks well for him
Spin a yarn
Are you telling the truth or just spinning a yarn
Split hairs
You should not split hairs but take a broad view of the matter
Spur of the moments
On the spur of the moment we decided to go to Simla for vacation
Stand in another man s shoes
In his absence I have to stand in his shoes
Stand in good stead
His regular habit of saving stood him in good stead in difficult times
Stand on ceremony with
Please be at ease you don t have to stand on ceremony with me
Stand one s ground
He put forth many objections to my proposal but I stood my ground
Stand a chance
Although the rival cricket team was quite good it did not stand a chance of beating us
Stand out against
We tried our best to take him along for the expedition but he stood against all our efforts
Stand to reason
It stands to reason that he would side with you
Stand up for
If you yourself don t stand up for your rights no one else will do it for you
Standing joke
His so called skill at horse riding has become a standing joke after his fall from the horse the other day
Standing orders
Our standing orders are to answer all letters the same day
Stare one in the face
During his trek across the desert he ran out of water supply and death stared him in the face
Steer clear of
Why do you get involved with bad characters You should steer clear of them
Stick at nothing
He is so ambitious that he will stick at nothing to get ahead of others
Stick up for
If anybody criticises you in the meeting I ll stick up for you
Stone deaf
My grandmother was already hard of hearing but of late she has become stone deaf
Stone s throw
The railway station is just at a stone s throw from our house
Strain every nerve
Although he strained every nerve to get audience s attention nobody listened to him
Strait laced person
His ideas are too liberal for a strait laced person like his father
Strike a bargain
The fruit seller was asking for eight rupees for one kilogram of grapes But I managed to strike a bargain and got
them for six only
Strike while the iron is hot
Now that prices are rising let us sell our stocks We should strike while the iron is hot
Strong language
Don t use such strong language in the company of ladies
Sum and substance
The sum and substance of my argument is that it is now too late to do anything
Swallow the bait
Election time promises are made to catch votes and many illiterate and ignorant men swallow the bait
Swan song
Mr Pronob Ghoshal a leading communist leader issued a statement to the press during his serious illness
which proved to be his swan song
Sworn enemies
Nothing can bring these two sworn enemies together
T
Take a fancy
Although there is nothing outstanding about this bed sheet yet I have taken a fancy to it
Take a leap in the dark
You took a leap in the dark by going into partnership with a dishonest person like Kuldip
Take advantage of
I took advantage of the sale at Babulal and Company and bought some cheap shirts
Take by storm
Runa Laila melodious singer took the audience by storm
Take into account
In judging his performance in the examination you should also take into account the fact he was ill for a month
Take it easy
The test is still quite far So take it easy
Take it ill
I hope you will not take it ill if I tell you the truth
Take one at his word
 Taking him on his word I put in Rs in sugar business
Take one s time
I am in no hurry to go out You take your time
Take oneself off
Munnu don t trouble me Take yourself off
Take sides
I would not like to take sides in this quarrel
Take someone by surprise
I didn t know he could sing so well He took me by surprise that day
Take someone for
He resembles you so much that I took him for your brother
Take stock
It is time for us to take stock of the situation before we take any further steps
Take the air
To improve your health you should take the air every morning
Take the bull by the horns
Finally he decided to take the bull by the horns and ask his boss for a promotion
Take the law into one s hands
Even if he is guilty you can t take law in your hands and beat him like this
Take time off
Since I was not feeling well I took two days off last week
Take to heart
She has taken her father s death to heart
Tell to one s face
Do you have the courage to tell him to his face that he is a fool
Take to one s heels
As the thief heard policemen s whistle he took to his heels
Take to pieces
Only yesterday I bought Raja this toy train and today he has taken it to pieces
Take to task
Mother took Naresh to task for his idleness
Take aback
I was taken aback at a strange sight in the jungle
Taken up with
My time is taken up with a lot of household jobs
Take upon oneself
I took upon myself to look after Gopal s ailing father
Tell time
My son could tell time when he was only four years old
Tell two things persons apart
The two brothers look so much alike that no one can tell them apart
Through and through I was caught in the rain yesterday and by the time I reached home I was wet through
and through
Through thick and thin
The two friends stayed together through thick and thin
Throw away money
If you throw away money like this you will soon be on the streets
Throw cold water upon
I was eager to set up a business in precious stones but he threw cold water upon my enthusiasm by pointing out
its minus points
Throw dust in one s eyes
He outlined a grand plan and asked for a loan for it but I knew he was trying to throw dust in my eyes
Throw oneself on
He knew I could help him out of the tight corner so he threw himself on my mercy
Throw people together
The purpose of my party is to throw persons of like interests together
Time after time
He applied for a professor s job time after time but could not succeed
Time hangs heavy
Time hangs heavy on my hands on a holiday
To a man
They rose to a man and left the room agitatedly
To and fro
Preoccupied with his emotional problems he walked to and fro about the room in a pensive mood
Turn away from
I tried to turn them away from their evil purpose but was unsuccessful
Turn over a new leaf
He gave up his bad habits and turned over a new leaf
Turn the tables
He was ahead of me in the terminal examination but I turned the tables on him in the annual examination
Turn up one s nose at
He is so poor that he hardly gets anything to eat and yet he turns up his nose at the idea of working for a living
U
Under a cloud
 After his misbehaviour on the field in India Boycott is under a cloud
Up in arms
In Afghanistan many Pathans are up in arms against Russians
Up to date
He is very careful to keep up with up to date fashions
Ups and downs of life
I have had my share of ups and downs of life
W
Wash one s hand of
I don t think anything is going to come off your programme of going for a trek so I wash my hands of it
Waste one s breath
Don t argue with Harish any longer You are only wasting your breath
Watch out for
One thief went inside while the other waited outside near the gate to watch out for the police
What not
She went to the market on a shopping spree and bought shirts socks ties and what not
What s what
He is an intelligent person and knows what s what
Wheels within wheels
To begin with I thought I could tackle this job but then I found that there were wheels within wheels
Wide awake
I thought Manmohan was asleep But as I talked of the plan for a film he got up wide awake
Wide of the mark
His argument sounds impressive but is wide of the mark
With might and main
They pushed the huge rock with might and main and cleared the way
With bated breath
They all waited with bated breath for the election results
Within an ace He was within an ace of being killed by the tiger
Wolf in sheep s clothing
Beware of Suresh He is a wolf in sheep s clothing
World of good
This ayurvedic medicine has done me a world of good to my stomach problem
Worn out
The spy pretended to be his friend and tried to worn his secret out of him
Worship the rising sun
The newly appointed manager has taken over and the staff has been worshipping the rising sun
 CLASSIFIED VOCABULARY

PARTS OF BODY
Dens serotinous
Ring finger
Toe
Finger
Thumb
Eye
Intestine
Cartilage
Lip
Heel
Shoulder
Temple
Waist
Eardrum
Wrist
Ear
Little finger
Armpit
Elbow
Skull
Neck
Womb
Uterus
Whiskers
Throat
Cheeks
Anus
Kidney
Lap
Knee
Skin
Nipple
Rump
Face
Chest
Breast
Stomach
Jaw
Thigh
Liver
Tongue
Bun
Ankle
Joint
Chin
Index finger
Sole
Palate
Snout
Molar teeth
Beard
Tooth
Brain
Artery
Nail
Nostril
Vein
Nose
Pulse
Navel
 Gullet
Eyelid
Rib
Spleen
Calf
Bile
Back
Belly
Stomach
Abdomen
Eyeball
Muscle
Foot
Lung
Armpit
Eyelash
Hair
Arm
Vagina
Glans clitoris
Embryo
Eyebrow
Middle finger
Gum
Brain
Fist
Mouth
Urinary bladder
Moustache
Vagina
Nerve
Pore
Hair
Lock
Forehead
Saliva
Penis
Blood
Trachea
Glans penis
Trunk
Bone
Palm
Collar bone
Heart
Pericardium
Hand

AILMENTS & BODY CONDITIONS

Indigestion
Blind
Shortsightedness
Acidity
Diarrhoea
Syphilis
Hernia
Tears
Eczema
Yawn
Stature
Vomit
Jaundice
Typhus
Bronchitis
One eyed
Hunchback
Leprosy
 Constipation
Worm
Measles
Scabies
Cough
Itch
Anaemia
Bleeding
Rheumatism
Abortion
Syphilis
Sore throat
Hoarseness
Tonsil
Tumour
Gland
Dumb
Bald
Wound
Giddiness
Obesity
Hurt
Sneezing
Cancer
Dropsy
Coryza
Ague
Yawning
Fever
Chill
Belching
Health
Spittle
Asthma
Pain
Headache
Stomachache
Loose stool motion
Ringworm
Lean
Psychosis
Long sightedness
Bronchitis
Epistaxis
Sprain
Narcolepsy
Sleep
Insomnia
Stone
Sweat
Mad
Lunacy
Pus
Dysentery
Leucorrhoea
Thirst
Plague
Pimple
Boil
Phlegm
Piles
Diabetes
Sore
Dwarf
Fistula
Lack of appetite
Griping
Constipation
 Wart
Plague
Epilepsy
Acne
Urine
Cataract
Typhoid
Hepatitis
Hymen vaginale
Saliva
Sunstroke
Stool
Anaemia
Tuberculosis
Disease
Lame
Dengue
Influenza
Small pox
Leucoderma
Breath
Swelling
Albino
Gonorrhoea
Diarrhoea
Voice
healthy
Hiccup
Cholera
Heart
Pericarditis
Consumption
Anorexia

DRESSES
Lining
Sleeve
Bodice
Hat
Wool
Cloth
Clothes
Belt
Shirt
Shirting
Blanket
Cap
Cashmere
Diaper brocade
Border
Canvas
Coat
Suit
Mattress
Suspenders
Muffler
Skirt
Veil
Sheet
Chintz
Socks
Damask
Gauze
Underwear
Drill
Pocket
Trimming
 Cap
Scarf
Laces
Thread
Towel
Gloves
Shawl
Lace
Trousers Pant
Pyjama
Jacket
Flannel
Tape
Button
Chester Overcoat
Velvet
Border
Linen
Stockings
Oil cloth
Quilt
Darning
Cotton
Handkerchief
Silk
Gown
Longcloth
Long skirt
Uniform
Waist coat
Serge
Satin
Turban
Yarn
Suiting
Bright colour
Light colour

RELATIONS
Guest
Teacher
Mother
Tenant
Mistress
Preceptor
Customer
Uncle
Aunt
Disciple
Landlord
Sister in law
Adopted daughter
Adopted son
Grandfather
Grandmother
Son in law
Friend
Maternal grandfather
Maternal grandmother
Husband
Wife
Daughter in law
Father
Son
Daughter
Love affection
Lover
 Sister
Brother in law
Nephew
Niece
Brother
Maternal uncle
Maternal aunt
Client
Mother s sister
Concubine keep mistress
Patient
Heir
Pupil
Own
Father in law
Mother in law
Relation
Relative
Step daughter
Step son
Step father
Step sister
Step brother

HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES
Almirah
Cupboard
Mortar
Cinder
Hearth
Thimble
Bobbin
Iron
Fuel
Cauldron
Blanket
Ladle
Canister
Comb
Chair
Fork
Funnel
Jar
Pastry board
Mat
Spoon
Sieve
Bed sheet
Key
Cot
Tong
Chimney
Stove
Electric stove
Stick
Umbrella
Attache case
Cobweb
Grate
Broom
Swing
Tray
Basket
Box
Bowl
Pillow
Pillow cover
 Balance
Saucer
Wire
Lock
Safe
Oven
Plate
Mirror
Match box
Match stick
Toothpick
Tooth powder
Thread
Censer
Tap
Bed
Palanquin
Door mat
Spittoon
Cup
Chandelier
Flower vase
Perambulator
Wick
Pot Container Utensils
Button
Ice box
Bucket
Brush
Rolling pin
Bottle
Sack
Churner
Bolster
Churn
Kerosene oil
Pestle
Table
Candle
Dish
Quilt
Rope
String
Ash
Table desk
Pen
Lamp
Bowl
Wardrobe
Phial
Box
Nut cracker
Knitting needle
Soap
Soap case
Casket
Flagon
Needle
Pincers
Hubble Bubble Hookah

ORNAMENTS AND JEWELS

Ring
Bracelet
Chain
Brooch
Nose pin
 Tops
Zircon
Silver
Clip
Bangle
Jewellery
Head locket
Medal
Ear stud
Wristlet
Nose ring
Sapphire
Emerald
Belt
Anklet
Topaz
Opal
Turquoise
Armlet
Hair pin
Quartz
Ruby
Necklace Garland
Tiara Crown
Coral
Pearl
Mother of pearl
Cat s eye
Diamond

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Guitar
Bell
Harp
Cymbal
Tambourine
Drumet
Drum
Tomtom
Tabor
Clarion
Drum
Piano
Banjo
Violin
Flute
Mouth organ
Bagpipe
Jew s harp
Clarionet
Conch
Sarod
Sitar
Bugle
Whistle
Harmonium

CEREALS AND EATABLES

Pickle
Grain
Pigeon pea
Arrowroot
Flour
Comfit
Phaseolies mungo
 Curry
Coffee
Minced meat
Ice cream Kulfi
Cluster bean
Wheat
Clarified butter Ghee
Field pea
Sauce
Gram
Chapati
Rice
Tea
Beaten paddy
Sugar
Bran
Cheese
Millet
Snacks
Oat
Oat meal
Barley
Great millet
Broth
Vegetable
Sesame
Oil
Gruel
Curd
Pulse
Lunch
Milk
Paddy
Tomato ketchup sauce
Cheese
Loaf
Poppy
Gum acacia
Ice
Pearl millet
Biscuit
Corn ear
Feast
Food
Maize
Butter
Pea
Whey
Cream
Lentil
Meat
Beef
Mutton
Pork
Sweetmeat
Sugar candy
murabba Conserve
Puffed rice
Kidney bean
Maida
Buck wheat
Mustard
Dinner
Castor seed
Bread
Loaf sugar
Syrup
Treacle
 Wine
Honey
Mustard
Vinegar
Semolina
White mustard

SPICES
Aloe
Parsley
Caraway
Thymol
Ginger
Linseed
Phyllanthus emblica
Cardamom
Catechu
Camphor
Nitre
Nigella
Musk
Vitriol
Black pepper
Pseudo alum
Saffron
Cocain
Yeast
Popy seed
Sandal
Chirata
Nutmeg
Mace
Cumin seed
Niger
Basil sacred basil
Cassia
Cinnamon
Coriander seed
Salt
Menthol
Indian madder
Gall nut
Red pepper chilli
Liquorice
Clove
Madow saffron
Origanum
Saltpetre
Alkali
Litharge
Pistil
Betel nut
Senna
Dry ginger
Aniseed
Sago
Turmeric
Myrobalan
Asafoetida

MINERALS
Cornelian
Mica
Touchstone
Coal
 Iron ore
Chalk
Sulphur
Red ochre
Flint
Silver
Zinc
Copper
Blue vitriol
Grey tin
Natron
Steel
Mercury
Bitumen
Grey copper
Kerosene oil
Tin
Yellow ochre
Iron
Rock oil
Steatite
Antimony
Arsenic
Fuller s earth
Muscovite
Shale
Cinnabar
Lead
Plastic clay
White lead
Soap stone
Marble
Orpiment

TREES AND THEIR PARTS

Germ
Guava
Polyalthia
Mango
Tamarind
Graft
Bud
Bulb
Wood
Thorn
Stone
Pulp
Gum
Pine
Bark
Skin
Coir
Root
Pistil
Conifer
Palm
Branch
Stem
Fibre
Pollen
Pollen grain
Pollen tube
Leaf
Bubil
Stamen
Rootstalk
Flower
 Banyan
Acacia arabica
Seed
Bamboo
Birch
Juice
Fibre
Branch
Cypress
Teak
Abbizzia labbek
Cactus

FLOWERS FRUITS DRY FRUITS & VEGETABLES

Chestnut
Ginger
Pineapple
Pomegranate
Guava
Plum
Grape
Fig
Mango
Peach
Potato
Bokhara plum
Plum
Tamarind
Sugarcane
Cucumber
Jack fruit
Pumpkin
Carambola
Oleander
Lotus
Lily
Bitter gourd
Cashewnut
Red pumpkin gourd
Currant
Mushroom
Pandanus
Banana
Cucurbit gourd
Date
Musk melon
Lime
Sour cherry
Apricot
Citron
Carrot
Knolkhol
Chrysanthemum
Touch me not
Daisy
Rose
Boll
Marigold
Grass
Luffa
Colocesia antiquorum
Snake gourd
Jasmine
Magnolia
Luffa gourd
Pinus gerardiana
Sapodilla
 Sugar beet
Amaranthus
Amorphophallus campanulatus
Crab apple
Prickly amaranth
Japanese plum
Black berry
Olive
Tobacco
Water melon
Currant
Belladona
Coriander
Narcissus
Prickly pear
Cobra flower
Coconut
Orange
Lemon
Hemp
Papaya
Brassica campestrice
Trichosanthes dioica
Mountain papaya
Betel
Spinach
Randia duentorum
Pistachio
Mint
Poppy
Onion
Cauliflower
Grawia asiatica
Lilac
Pyrus malus
Almond
Sweet violet
Cabbage
Sisal hemp
Brinjal
Lady finger
Corn ear
Pea
Night shade
Euryle forex
Malta
Chilli
Sweet cherry
Raisin
Groundnut
Raddish
Mosambi
Yam
Cotton
Rose Berry
Lichi
Sweetpotato
Peach
Custard apple
Turnip
Mulberry
Flax
Berry
Lettuce
Sago
Water nut
Bean
Apple
 Orange
Silk cotton

BUILDINGS AND THEIR PARTS

Attic
Orphanage
Niche
Hearth
Hospital
Courtyard
Building
Room
Slaughter house
Factory
Cornice
Fort
Bracket
Tile
Granary
Window
Peg
Storey
Gallery
Church
Dome
Platform Parapet
Aviary
Zoo
Octroi post
Door frame
Terrace
Bar
Roof
Ceiling
Shed
Lattice
Railing
Chain
Peep hole
Cottage
Threshold
Underground cell
Door
Office
Door sill
Beam
Chimney
Drain
Foundation
Latrine
Booking office
Stone
Reading room Study room
Gutter
Plaster
Lunatic asylum
Library
Urinal
Floor
Fountain
Plinth
Ice Factory
Portico Attic
Verandah
Sitting room Drawing room
Bungalow
Store room
 House
Dais
Cloister
Temple
Mosque
Palace
College
Steeple
Battlement
Arch
Laboratory
Kitchen
Ventilator
School
Gymnasium
University
Rafter
Bedroom
Courtyard
Inn
Bath room
Picture hall Theatre Cinema hall
Cement
Stair
Barrack

TOOLS
Saw
Clamp
Loom
Razor
Compass
Spade
Axe
Scissors
Oil mill
Sugar mill
Axe
Trying angle
Gauge
Bead plane
Rasp
Dagger
Cold chisel
Stone chisel
Awl
Oar
Balance
Bagging hook
Pruning shear
Tooling plane
Axis
Sickle
Lancet
Anvil
Rudder
Rebate plane
Divider
Spirit level
Syringe
Screw
Screw driver
Cleat
Bar shear
Spade
Last
Colter
 Blowpipe
Auger
Drill
Fishing rod
Stock and dies
Smoothing plane
Vice
Needle point
Still
Bellows
Lever
Trying plane
Mallet
Trying plane
Jack plane
File
Dibble
Anchor
Hone
Plumbine
Cone
Spanner
Hammer
Plough
Ploughshare
Hand vice

WARFARE
Atom bomb
Conscription
Aggression
Attack
Armour
Cartridge
Fortification
Trench
Guerilla warfare
Ammunition
Bullet
Gas mask
Civil war
Cavalry
Siege
Navy
Battleship
Cannon
Cannon ball
Explosive bomb
Blockade
Submarine
Atomic warfare
Brute force
Torpedo boat
Land force
Expedition
Bomb
Bombardment
Gunpowder
Magazine
Provisions
Morale
Battle war
Armaments
Strategy
Cease fire
Prisoners of war
War minister
 Campaign
Bloodshed
Recruitment
Defence
Defence ministry
Defence fund
Defence service
Combatants
Belligerent nation
Machine gun
Fighter plane
Mutiny
Anti aircraft gun
Destroyer
Treaty
Auxiliary force
Army troops
Operation
Demobilization
Commander in chief
Field marshal
Enemy
Cold war

PROFESSIONS & OCCUPATIONS

Newspaper vendor
Teacher
Engineer
Milkman
Milkmaid
Compounder
Novelist
Poet
Butcher
Artist
Artisan
Chauffeur
Farmer
Potter
Green vendor
Coolie
Coachman
Treasurer
Turner
Retailer
Prose writer
Perfumer
Coachman
Peon
Author
Artist painter
Vaccinator
Watchman
Surgeon
Landlord
Magician
Book binder
Weaver
Shoemaker
Jeweller
Compositor
Brasier
Contractor
Doctor
Postman
Tabla player
Betel seller
Oilman
 Tailor
Broker
Druggist Chemist
Midwife
Dentist
Shopkeeper
Messenger
Nurse
Carder
Washerman
Washerwoman
Draftsman
Dancer
Dramatist
Baker
Inspector
Auctioneer
Examiner
Priest
Constable
Publisher
Manager
Hawker
Photographer
Carpenter
Draper
Conductor
Seedsman
Butler
Fisherman
Operator
Cleaner
Boatman
Water carrier
Sailor
Carrier
Proprietor
Gardener
Enameller
Mechanic
Agent
Printer
Clerk
Sweeper
Cobbler
Chemist
Cook
Mason
Politician
Cashier
Train ticket examiner T T E ο ο ο
Inkman
Painter
Dyer
Writer
Blacksmith
Advocate
Physician
Artisan
Surgeon
Teacher
Glazier
Musician
Groom
Sanitary Inspector
Goldsmith
Merchant
Sculptor
 Editor
Barber
Confectioner Halwai
Waiter

BUSINESS
Inflation
After date bill
Forwarding letter
Call in advance
Advances accounts
Fixed capital
Open Cheque
Paying capacity
Letter of authorisation
Authorised capital
Occupation money
Unearned
Compulsory reserve
Endorsement
Approved Currency
Bad debt
Bad debt account
Economy
Short term credit
Demand loan
Call rate
Net income
Floating debt
Order cheque
Emergency credit
Income
Initial account
Recurring deposit
Industrial bank
Average
Average rate
Average distance
Bill of collection
Suspended debt
Postdated cheque
Credit deposit
Letter of credit
Sale on credit
Credit account
Credit
Consumer
Consumer s goods
Rough day book
Bottom price
Earning
Floatation
Loan balance
Debtors for loan
Creditors for loan
Employee
Paper scale
Paper currency
Factory
Job
Working capital
Time money
Price
Price list
Gross earning
Gross loss
Blank endorsement
Cashier
Standing credit
Overdue bill
Bill of costs
Creditors for expenses
Credit book
Book deposit
Book debt
Net income
Petty cash book
Blank cheque
Open delivery of goods
Loose leaf ledger
Lost bill of exchange
Customer
Sales ledger
Customer s account
Fluctuation
Revolving credit
Floating charge
Running credit
Current loan
Current deposit
Current account
Chartered accountant
Discharged bill
Discharged loan
Cheque deposit
Crediting
Paying in book
Deposit ledger
Bill as security
Pay in slip
Credit note
Bank of deposit
Deposit currency
Deposit amount
Deposit register
Deposit account
Forged note
Risk note
Mint par
Book transfer
Wear and tear
Bad debt
Demand cash credit
Wholesale market
Bill payable at sight
Cheque rate
Bill payable after sight
Claimed amount
Bankruptcy
Bankrupt
Shop
Hard currency
Tight money
Charges
Bill payable
Payable bank draft
Indigenous bank
Draft
Cash
Cash credit
Cash deposit
Cash payment
Cash memo
Cash discount
Cash value
 Cash imprest
Cash order
Debit account
Debit balance
Withdrawn amount
Outturn
Clearing agent
Fund
Funding loan
Job cost ledger
Fixed rate
Allotted fund
Fixed charges
Maker s brand
Export
Export credit
Export duty
Clean bill
Discharged bankrupt
Suspense account
Net revenue account
Net production
Net earning
Net selling sale
Check register
Date of maturity
Limited partner
Letter card
Restrictive duty
Letter of guarantee
Charge
Cash against documents
Documentary bill
Bill receivable
Receipts and payments account
Receipts
Application
Account rendered
Stale cheque
Capital
Capital reserve fund
Capitalised value
Capitalised profit
Capital outflow
Capital and revenue account
Capital sums
Capital profit
Capitalist
Return on capital
Capital asset
Capital market
Capital account
Floating money
Retail price
Arrears
Call in arrears
Balancing
Saving deposit
Discount
Discount account
Exchange at discount
Account book
Balance
Balancing
Commodity market
Market price
Outstation cheque
Stock in trade
 Sale account
Bill of sale
Free of charge
Expired loan
Insurance
Endorser
Endorsed cheque
Clean loan
Morning loan
Banker s payment
Banker s order
Banker s advance
Bank credit
Bank rate
Manipulation of bank rate
Bank charge
Banker s mortgage
Bank cash
Bank account
Bank call
Banking structure
Banking debt
Banker s security
Partner
Firm market
Bearish tendency
Arbitrator
Market
Demand
Demand loan
Demand draft
Demand note indent
Call notice
Payment for honour
Goods
Freight
Stock limit
Goods cash book
Stock account
Employer
Terminable loan
Fixed deposit
Joint stock bank
Compensation
Bill payable after date
Currency money
Deflation of currency
Stamp duty
Currency transfer
Monetary system
Depreciation of currency
Currency exchange
Inflation of currency
Depreciation
Depreciation account
Traveller s letter of credit
Public finance
Amount
Credit paper
Money market
Crossed cheque
Free on rail F O R o o o
Opening balance
Cash book
Cash balance
Cash account
Cash scroll
Notice of stoppage
 Bonus
Account
Account and balance
Accountant
Maintenance of account
Accounting year
Accountancy
Creditor
Returned cheque
Individual account
Covering letter
Merchandise
Merchant
Trade creditor
Trading capital
Commercial bank
Commercial account
Free market
Annuity fund
Annual profit
Annual account
Annual return
Annual pay
Annual net profit
Annuity system
Sales account
Development expenses
Salesman
Finance
Financial obligation
Financial penalty
Financer
Financial bank
Financing partner
Financial liability
Financial control
Financial management
Financial reporting
Financial transaction
Financial year
Financial statement
Financial advice
Financial memorandum
Foreign exchange
Exchange
Exchange rate
Exchange control
Letter of exchange
Exchange bank
Manufacturing process
Specific duty
Pay
Validity period
Duty paid price
Dutiable goods
Stock exchange
Active capital
Consolidated fund
Cash transfer clearing
Joint account
Payable to self
Public account
Public credit
Bullion exchange
Accounts stated
Cooperative bank
Letter of consent
Tied loan
 Assistant accountant
Bill of credit
Moneylender
Goodwill account
Loss
Closing of account
Bill
Retirement of bill
Clearing a bill
Bill broker
Bill journal
Claim for compensation
Loan
Debt account

STATIONERY
Tracing paper
Newspaper
Perch
Almirah
Counterfoil
Easy chair
Pin
Pin cushion
Pen
Paper
Paper cutter
Paper weight
Cork
Card
Black ink
Dictionary
Crayon
Register
Gum
Clip
Bench
Punching machine
Bodkin
Punch
Nib
Pocket book
Postage stamp
Revenue stamp
Table
Tag
Drawing pin
Wire
Stool
Inkpot
Daily paper
Carbon Paper
Copying pencil
Map
Invitation Card
Blue black ink
Blue ink
Divider
Quill pen
Call bell
Pencil
Post card
File
Tape
Visiting card
Monthly Magazine
Seal
 Tracing cloth
Eraser
Rubber stamp
Waste paper basket
Receipt book
Ruler
Ink
Inkpad
Packing paper
Sealing wax
Writing pad
Envelope
Ledger
Glue
Blank paper
Weekly paper
Blotting paper
Holder

ANIMALS
Camel
Musk deer
Kangaroo
Dog
Bitch
Mule
Rabbit
Hare
Hoop
Ass
Cow
Squirrel
Rhinoceros
Zebra
Horse
Mare
Colt
Panther
Ant eater
Mouse
Mole
Boar
Giraffe
Spaniel
Pony
Leopard
Mongoose
Tail
Beast
Claw
Sire
Puppy
He goat
She goat
Kid
Calf
She calf
Cat
Kitten
Monkey
Chimpanzee
Tiger
Stag
Hind
Ox
Bear
Wolf
 Sheep
Ewe
Lamb
Buffalo
Ram
Kid
Rat
Fox
Hyena
Ape
Hound
Bull
Porcupine
Jackal
Lion
Horn
Pig Swine
Deer
Fawn
Elephant

WORMS & INSECTS

Boa
Turtle
Earthworm
Crab
Bug
Adder
Beetle
Snail
Body lice
Lizard
Poison
Fangs
Glowworm
Lice
Leech
Cricket
Grass hopper
Locust
Wasp
Butterfly
Hippopotamus
Termite
Cobra
Flea
Hood
Scorpion
Fly
Spider
Web
Crocodile
Mosquito
Fish
Honey bee
Bee
Lobster
Rat flea
Frog
Tadpole
Silk worm
Cocoon
Nit
Eel
Shark
Snake
Oyster
 BIRDS
Swallow
Owl
Woodpecker
Pigeon
Raven
Cuckoo
Crow
Eagle
Vulture
Sparrow
Bat
Kite
Chicken
Partridge
Parrot
Magpie
Wing
Feather
Dove
Drake
Duckling
Duck
Nightingale
Weaver bird
Quail
Hawk
Cock
Hen
Chicken
Peacock
Peahen
Lark
Crane
Swan

read forms

Poor
 English Hindi Dictionary

A
aback adv backwards Taken abacksurprised
abandon v t to forsake to give up to another
abandonment n giving up completely surrender
abate v t to diminish or weaken
abatement n deduction decrease
abbreviate v t to make brief or short
abbreviation n making short specially a word or phrase
abide v t stand firm continue put up with
abiding adj permanent
ability n capacity skill mental or physical power
abject adj mean worthless
ably adv in a competent manner
abnegate v t to deny oneself to give up
abnegation n denial self sacrifice
abnormal adj irregular not usual
aboard prep adv on a ship aircraft or train
abode n dwelling
abolish v t to put an end to
abomination n an object of disgust a hateful thing or habit
abortion n miscarriage before birth
above adv in a higher place prep on the top of more than
abridgement n shortening
abrupt adj hasty unexpected sudden unconnected
absence n being away from a place non existence
absent adj not present absentminded abstracted
absentee n one away from a place or post of duty
absolutely adv in an absolute way
absorb v t to take in to incorporate to engage
absorption n sucking in engrossment
abstract n summary
abstract v t to abridge to remove
absurd adj illogical ridiculous
abuse v t to ill treat to insult
accede v i to agree to consent to comply with
acceleration n increase in speed
accept v t & i to agree to have agree to a statement or proposal

acceptable adj fit to be accepted welcome

acceptance n approval of offer
access n approach passage
accessible adj easily approachable easily influenced
accidental adj happening by chance
acclaim v t to applaud to cheer n acclaimer
acclamation n shoutings of applause
accomplish v t fulfil achieve bring to completion
accomplished adj perfect graceful
accomplishment n fulfilment attainment
according adv consistent with
accordingly adv as demanded by the circumstances
account v t reckon to judge v i give reason
accumulation n collection amassing
accurate adj exact
accuracy n exactness
accuse v t blame to charge
accused adj or n charged with crime defendant
achieve v t accomplish to secure an end
achievement n deed accomplishment exploit
acknowledgement n recognition a receipt
acquaintance n familiarity knowledge
acquainted adj familiar
acquiesce v i to agree to assent
acquire v t to get to obtain to come in possession of
acquisition n the act of acquiring gain
acquit v t to set free to declare innocent to release
action n deed a law suit battle activity
activity n the state of being active action
actor n dramatic performer a doer
actress n fem female actor
actually adv in fact
acute adj sharp keen
adapt v t to make suitable to fit
add v t to join to sum up to unite
addition n act of adding something added
additional adj extra supplementary
addiction n the state of being addicted
addressee n a person to whom a letter etc is addressed
adequate adj fully sufficient equal to requirement
adhere v t to stick
Adherence n attachment
adjoin v i & v t to join to to be in contact with
adjourn v t to put off till another day to postpone
adjournment n putting off till another day postponement
adjure v t to charge under oath
adjustment n putting in order modify to suit purpose
administer v t to manage to furnish to act as administrator
administration n management of an office agency or organization Government
department which manages public affairs
administrator n a governor
admirable adj worthy of admiration
admire v t to prize highly to wonder at
admissible adj fit to be allowed
admission n access introduction
adult n & adj a grown up person
adulterate v t to make impure to corrupt
adulteration n act of adulterating
advancement n promotion improvement
advantageous adj beneficial
adventure n an enterprise a risk or hazard v t to risk to dare
adventurer n one who seeks adventure speculator
adventurous adj enterprising
adverb n a word that modifies an adjective a verb or another adverb
adversary n an enemy an opponent
adverse adj opposing contrary
adversity n misfortune
advert v t to turn attention to to allude
Advertise ze v t to make public
advertisement n a public notice
advice n counsel instruction
advise v t & i to give advice to inform to notify
aerogram n wireless message
aesthetic adj concerning appreciation of beauty
affect v t to act upon to move the feelings of to pretend to assume
affectation n false pretence
affected adj not natural
affective adj emotional
affection n love tender attachment
affiliate v t to bring into close association or connection
afford v t to give forth to have means
aforesaid adj before mentioned
afraid adj frightened
afternoon the time from noon until evening
afterwards adv subsequently
again adv once more
against prep in opposition to in contact with
age n period of life maturity of years generation to come of age
aged adj advanced in years
agitate v t to move shake discuss excite feelings
agitation n moving disturbance public excitement
agnostic n & adj one who believes that nothing can be known about God except material
things
ago adj & adv past
agree v t & i consent
agreeable adj pleasing ready to agree
agreement n understanding contract treaty
agriculture n cultivation of land
aid n help grant
ailment n pain disease
aim n & v t purpose destination to direct a blow point
air n the atmosphere outward manner a tune or melody
airmail n mail carried by aeroplane
airport n aerodrome
alcohol n intoxicating liquor
alignment n a row plan of a road or railway
alike adj & adv like in the same manner
alien n foreigner stranger
alive adj living acting full of
allegation n assertion
allegoric al adj figurative
alley n a narrow passage a street
alliance n relationship union
alligate v t to conjoin to combine
alliteration n coming of several words in a sentence with the same letter
allocate v t to assign to allot
allopathy n a system of treatment of disease
allotment n share distributed
allow v t to permit
allowable adj suitable to be allowed
allowance n permission a grant discount
allure v t to tempt to entice
allusion n implied or indirect reference
almighty adj having infinite power omnipotent
almost adj adv & n nearly all but
alone adj single solitary adv singly
alphabet n the letters of a language arranged in order
already adv previously by this time
alter n an elevated place for sacrifice or offerings
alter v t & i to change to make different
alteration n change
alternate adj by turns v t to follow in turns
alternative n a choice between two
although conj though supposing that
altitude n vertical height elevation
altogether adv entirely quite
always adv at all times
amateur n one who cultivates an art game etc for pleasure sake

amazement n astonishment
ambiguous adj doubtful indistinct of more than one meaning
ambition n an ardent or eager desire to rise in position or power
ambitious adj strongly desirous
ambulance n conveyance used for the wounded or sick persons

ameliorate v t to improve to make better

amenable adj responsible submissive liable to
amendment n improvement
amiable adj of pleasing disposition lovable
amicable adj friendly peaceable
amount n full value v t to be equivalent to
ample adj sufficient spacious abundant
amplification n development
amplifier n an appliance for increasing force
amplify v t to make bigger to enlarge
amputate v t to cut off the limb of a creature
amusement n a pastime
anaemia n poverty of blood
analysis n pl ses the act of analysing resolving into simple elements
ancient adj of time long past old belonging to former age
angel n a messenger from heaven
anger n rage wrath v t to make angry
angler n one who angles
anglo pref meaning English
angry adj wrathful
anguish n extreme pain of mind
animal n a living and feeling creature adj relating to life
annex v t to append to take possession
annihilation n total destruction
anniversary n ries pl an yearly celebration of an event
announcement n proclamation
annoy v t to worry to trouble
annoyance n worry
annual adj yearly happening every year n a plant that lives for one year only

another adj & pron different not the same one more
anonymously adv in a way where no name is mentioned
answerable adj that may be replied to
ante pref before
antecedent n previous preceding
antelope n a kind of deer
ante meridiem abbr A M before noon
anterior adj former previous
anti prep opposite to against
anticipate v t & i to do in advance to foresee
anticipation n expectation
antique adj old fashioned unusual
antiquity n relics of old times
antiseptic adj & n preventing decay
antonym adj a word of contrary meaning
anxiety n uneasiness of mind eager desire
anxious adj uneasy troubled
any pron & adj one some
apathy n insensibility indifference
apology n pl gies an excuse vindication
apostrophe n sign of ommission of a letter an exclamatory address

apparent adj visible clear evident

appear v t to become visible to show oneself to seem
appearance n a thing seen outward aspect
appendix n addition at the end in a document a tubular structure at end of large intestine

appetite n hunger
appetize v t to have hunger
appetizer n a thing that gives appetite
applause n approval praise
applicable adj suitable
applicant n one who applies
apply v t & i p t Applied to put close to to employ to fix mind upon
appointment n engagement
apposite adj suitable proper
appraise v t to estimate the worth of to set price on
appreciable adj noticeable
appreciate v t & i to estimate to value highly to rise or raise in value
apprehension n understanding fear
approach v t & i to come near to ask to make proposal to advance
appropriate v t to take possession of to set apart as fund for a certain person or purpose

approval n sanction
approve v t to sanction to like to commend
approximately adv in an approximate manner nearly
apt adj ready quick to learn suitable
arbitrate v t to act as a judge
arbitration n decision of an arbitrator
arbitrator n one who arbitrates
architect n one skilled in planning and erecting buildings
architecture n art of building
ardent adj burning eager
ardour n warmth of feeling heat zeal
argue v t & i to discuss to try to prove
argument n reasoning debate subject
aristocrat n one of good birth
arithmetician n one skilled in Arithmetic
armament n equipment for fighting
army n a large body of men armed for war a host
around adv in every direction about along
arrange v t to put in proper place to settle to adjust
arrear n state of being behind
arrears n pl money due but not paid
arrest v t to step to seize by legal authority to check motion n stoppage
imprisonment
arrival n act of reaching
arrive v t to reach a place to attain
arrogant adj haughty
art n human skill or knowledge cunning
article n a thing a literary composition in grammar the words a an & the
a an the
artisan n mechanic
artist n one skilled in fine art
ascend v t & i to go up to rise to mount
ascension n act of ascending
ascertain v t to make certain to find out
ash n name of a tree dust or remains of anything burnt
ashamed adj abashed
aside adv on one side away
asleep adj in a state of sleep
aspiration n intense desire
assail v t to attack to assault
assassination n murder
assay v t to try to analyse n trial test of purity
assembly n a meeting a council
assert v t to state positively to affirm
assertion n affirmation
assessment n valuation
assessor n one who estimates taxes
assets n pl property of person sufficient to pay his legal debts
assign v t to ascribe to allot to refer
assignation n allotment
assistance n act of assisting help
assistant n one who assists another
assume v t to take for granted to adopt
assumption n act of assuming supposition
astonish v t to surprise greatly to amaze
astrology n the science of the influence of stars on human affairs
astrologer n a student of astrology
astronomy n the science of the heavenly bodies
atheism n disbelief in God
athlete n a person trained in physical exercises
atomic adj pertaining to atoms
attachment n a fastening great affection
attack v t to fall upon to assault n offensive operation
attain v t & i to reach to gain to achieve
attendance n presence
attendant n a person attending
attention n act of applying one s mind
attest v t & i to bear witness to affirm solemnly
Attestation n testimony
attitude n behaviour posture of body
attract v t to draw to entice
auction n a public sale of property to the highest bidder
auctioneer n a holder of auction
audacity n daring spirit
audible adj able to be heard
audience n a body of hearers interview
auditor n one who audits accounts
aught n & adv anything in any respect
authentic adj reliable true
authenticity n genuineness
authority n power right pl the person in power
authorize v t to give authority to
auto pref in the sense of one s own
autobiography n life of a person written by himself
autocracy n absolute government
autograph n signature
automatic adj self acting
autumn n the third season of the year
auxiliary adj n pl ries helping a helper
available adj accessive of no avail useless
avarice n greediness
avenue n road or street with trees
average n an ordinary standard prevailing rate or account adj of
the ordinary standard
avoid v t to evade to shun
avoidance n the act of avoiding
await v t to wait for
awake v t & i to get up to become active to rouse from sleep adj not
asleep vigilant
award n judgement thing awarded
aware adj knowing conscious informed attentive
away adj & adv at distance constantly To go away
awful adj terrible dreadful
awhile adv for a short time
awkward adj clumsy difficult to deal with
axe n a chopping tool An axe to grind an ulterior object
axiom n a selfevident truth
aye interj & n an affirmative answer

B
baa n bleat of a sheep
bachelor n an unmarried man
backbite v t to speak evil of in the absence of a person
backbone n the spine support power to resist
backdoor n door at the back of a house
background n the ground or base specially of a scene
backward adj behind in time slow in learning
bacteria n minute germs or organisms in air and water
badge n special mark
badly adv in a bad way
bagman n a commercial traveller
balcony n portion of house jutting out
bale n bundle
baleful adj regrettable causing sorrow or pain
ball n a round object used in games bullet a dance party
ballad n a short story in verse
ballet n entertainment with music and dance
balm n an ointment
ban n an order prohibiting some action curse sentence of outlawry
banana n plant or its fruit
bandage n band for binding wounds
bangle n an ornament bracelet
bank n margin of river an establishment for keeping money
bankrupt n an insolvent person Bankruptcy
banner n a flag
bar n a rod a barrier a check place for prisoners at trial a tribunal
to be called to the bar
barbarism n absence of culture savage life
barbarity n cruelty savage behaviour
barbarous adj uncultured uncivilised
barber n one who shaves and cuts hair
bare adj naked undisguised baled unfurnished
barely adv hardly
bargain n agreement contract
bark n sheath of tree a ship cry of a dog
barrack n soldiers quarters
baseless adj groundless
basement n storey below ground level
baseness n meanness
basic adj fundamental
bastard n an illegitimate child
batsman n one who plays with the bat
batch n a quantity produced at a time
bath n a place for bathing or washing water for bathing
bathe v t & i to immerse in a liquid to put in a bath to wash the body all over
bathing n act of bathing
batter v t to beat together n
beach n the shore of a sea or lake v t to put a vesel on shore

beak n the bill of a bird

beam n ray of light v t to shine
bear n a thick furred animal an unmannerly person
bear v t & i p t Bore p p Born to carry to support to endure to conduct oneself to produce

beard n hair that grow on cheek and chin awn of plants

bearable adj tolerable
bearer n a domestic servant
beargarden n scene of uproar
beast n a quadruped a rude brutal person
beauteous adj beautiful endowed with beauty
bedding n mattress and bed clothes
bedizen v t to dress guadily
bee n an insect which produces honey and wax
beer n liquor prepared from barley
befool v t to make a fool of
beforehand adv before the time
beggar n one who begs
beginner n one who begins a learner
behave v t to conduct oneself to act
behaviour n conduct manners way of behaving
behind adv prep & n in the rear at one s back further back
behold v t to see
belief n faith confidence trust assurance
believable adj that may be believed
bell n a hollow metallic vessel with a sounding tongue
belongings n pl one s goods
beloved n very dear
beneath adv & prep under below
beneficial adj useful advantageous serviceable
benefit n advantage act of favour v t &i p t benefited to do good to

benevolence n goodwill kind disposition

benighted adj overtaken by darkness ignorant
benign adj kind mild gentle
benignly adv mildly in a gentle way
bereavement n loss by death
beside prep near by the side of
besides adv prep in addition to otherwise
best adj & adv sup of good or well of the most excellent kind to make the best
of to do for the best
bethink v t p t bethought to call to mind
betimes adv early soon
betray v t to disclose to deliver by treachery
betrayal n breach of faith
better adj adv & n comp of good or well superior value in a higher degree improved
v t to improve better half one s wife
between prep & adv in the middle of along across
bewail v t to lament
beware v t to take heed to be on one s guard
bias n prejudice partiality
big adj haughty
bigamist n having two husbands or wives at a time
billion n a million millions
binding n & adj the cover of a book a bandage obligatory
biograph n a moving picture machine bioscope
biographical adj pertaining to biography
biology n science of life biologist n
birth n origin begining
birthright n a right acquired by birth
biscuit n a hard dry bread in small cakes
bisect v t to divide into two parts
bishop n a consecrated clergyman
bit n a small piece a small coin horse s curb a bit rather
bitch n female of a dog or wolf
bitter adj tasting hot and acrid causing grief painful severe to weep bitterly

blackmail n to extort money by threats

blamable adj fit to be blamed
blame v t to find fault with n censure
blank adj not written empty without rhymes n an empty space
blanket n a soft woollen covering
blaze n a bright flame fire of active display v i to throw out flame
bleed v t & i to emit blood to draw blood
blemish n a stain a defect v t to spoil the beauty of
blessing n an invocation of happiness or success
blockade n & v t a blocking up
bloodshed n slaughter
blood thirsty adj eager for slaughter
bloom n a blossom freshness perfection
blotting paper n a paper used for drying ink
blouse n an woman s upper garment
blunder n a gross mistake
bluntly adv roughly
boast v i to talk proudly
boat n a small open vessel for transport by water
boating n act of making a boat sail
bodice n close fitting jacket worn by a woman
bold adj courageous brave daring steep
bombastic adj extravagant
bone n a white hard substance which constitutes the skeleton of a body
bonus n an extra payment
bookworm n one who is much devoted to books
boot n a covering for human foot profit advantage
borne p p of bear v t to carry
borrow v t to get loan
borrower n one who takes loan
bosom adj dear intimate n the heart
botany n the science of human life
both pron & adv the two equally
bother v t & i to worry to tease
bottom n the lowest part the base keel of a ship foundation
bough n branch of a tree
bounce v t to jump to boast
bow v t to bend to curve
boy n a male child a lad
boycott v t to refuse to have dealing with
boyhood adj state of being a boy
brain n nervous matter enclosed in the skull
brake n apparatus for checking motion
branch n bough of tree divisions of subjects section line of descent
brand n mark made by a hot iron a trade mark
bravery n brave conduct
bravo pl bravoes n a bandit interj well done
bread n baked food livelihood
breadth n broadness width
breakable adj able to be broken
breakage n act of breaking
breakfast v t to take breakfast
breast n front part of the chest
breath n air inhaled and exhaled
breathe v i to take breath
breezy adj full of breeze
brevity n shortness
bribe n an illegal reward given to someone v t to give bribe to
bribery n act of giving or receiving bribes
brick n moulded burnt clay used for building
bride n a woman just married or going to be married
bridegroom n husband of a bride
brilliant adj bright splendid clever n a gem of finest quality
bring v t p t & p p brought to carry to produce
brink n edge bank margin
Britain n England Wales and Scotland
British adj pertaining to Britain
bronchitis n inflammation of the branches of the windpipe
bronze n alloy of copper and zinc
brother n sons of the same parents
brotherhood n companionship
brush n tool of hair used in painting
brush v t to clean
brutality n cruelty rudeness
brute n a beast an unfeeling person
build v t to construct to form
bulk n size magnitude the main body
bull n a male ox
bullet n a metal ball for gun or pistol
bulletin n a short official statements
bum n good for nothing
bump n a heavy blow a swelling
bureau n a writingdesk with drawers office for public business
burly adj sturdy bulky
burn v t & i p t burnt burned to consume by fire to be on fire n injury by fire

bushy adj full of bushes

busy adj fully occupied diligent
butter n fatty substance made from cream
buttermilk n liquid left after making butter
by prep near in the company through of by the bye incidentally
bygone adj past
byproduct n anything of less value produced during the manufacture of another
byword n a familiar saying proverb

C
cablegram n a telegram sent by underwater cable
cadet n student of military school
cafe n restaurant
cage n an enclosure for birds v t to shut in a cage
cake v t to make a cake
calamity n misfortune disaster
calibre n diameter capacity
calligraphy n good handwriting
callous adj hardhearted
calmly adv in a peaceful way
calmness n the state of being calm
calorie n unit of body heat
calumination n false charge
calumny n false accusation slander
campaign n series of military operations organized course of action
cancel v t to cut out to abolish to annul
cancellation n act of cancelling
candidature n one standing for election
cannon n a big gun v t to fire with gun
canon n a law or church decree
can t v t short form of can not
canto n division of a poem
cantonment n quarters for troops
capability n capacity
capacity n power of grasping ability
capitalist n one who has money
caprice n a change without reason whim fancy
capture n arrest v t to take prisoner
caretaker n a person left in charge
cartage v charges
carve v t to cut to engrave to sculpture
carving n act or art of sculpture
cash n money currency
caste n a class of society social position
casualty n an accident pl list of men killed or wounded

catalogue n a list of books

catch v t & i to seize to grasp to understand to take captive to reach in time

categorical adj of category

category n class or rank general heading
cater v t to provide food or entertainment
causeway n raised footpath
caution n foresight warning
ceaseless adj continual
ceiling n the top surface of a room
celebration n act of celebrating
celebrity n fame
celestial adj heavenly
cellar n an underground cell or room
cement n a substance for sticking bond of union
censure n blame reproof v t to blame
census n an official numbering of people
centigrade adj having a hundred degrees
central adj relating to the centre principal
centralize v t to concentrate
centre n the middle point of anything pivot source
century n of hundred years a hundred of something
cereal adj relating to corn n corn used as food
ceremonial adj & n with ceremony a formality
ceremony n reltgious rite
certain adj settled fixed one or some
certainly adv no doubt
certainty n settled fact
certificate n a written declaration
certify v t to attest formally to inform
challenge v t to call to contest to object to n demand for something
chancellor n state or law official head of a university
change v t to alter to exchange n small coin given for a larger one alteration

changeable adj given to change

chaos n confused state disorder
character n actor s part person in novel and drama
chargeable adj liable to be charged
charitable adj generous
charity n act of kindness leniency alms
chaste adj pure virtuous refined simple
chasten v t to refine
chastity n chasteness purity of conduct
chatter v t to talkidly to make a noise n
cheap adj low in price worthless
cheat v t to deceive n deceiver
check v t to stop to restrain to chide n a sudden arrest cross lined pattern

cheer v t to make joyful applaud to comfort

cheerful adj in good spirits
cheerfulness n happiness
cheese n curd of milk pressed and dried
chemistry n the science of elements and their laws
cheque n an order for money
chew v t & i to grind with teeth
chicken n the young of a domestic fowl
chiefly adj principally
childhood n the period of being a child
childish adj like a child
childlike adj simple good
chill n coldness
chilly adj cold
chin n front part of lower jaw
chirp v t to make sharp notes like a bird n
chit chat n gossip
chloroform n a medicine for producing insensibility
chorus n band of singers
chorus v t to sing together
christ n the Messiah
christianity n Christian religion
chronic adj lasting for a long time lingering deep seated
chronicle n a narrative an account
circle n a round figure a ring persons of a certain class
circular n a business letter a communication sent to many people
circumstance n event
circumstances n plural condition in life
civilisation n state of being civilized
clap n pat v t to applaud by striking the palm of hands together
clarify v t & i to make clear purify
clarification n act of making clear
clash v t to make a clash to disagree to interfere
class n division rank order set of students taught together
classic n study of ancient languages
classical adj pertaining to ancient literature
classification n arrangement
cleanliness n purity
cleanse v t to make clean
clearance n removal of obstacles
clerical adj pertaining to clergy or a clerk
clerk n a writer in an office
clever adj skilful ingenious
client n one who employs a lawyer customer
climax n the highest point the greatest degree
climb v t to ascend
clinical adj pertaining to the sick bed
cloak n a loose upper garment that which conceals a pretext
clock n a time indicating instrument
closure n closing closing of debate
cloth n pl clothes fabric made from wearing
clothe v t p t or p p clothed or clad to dress to cover
clothing n clothes
coalition n temporary combination between parties
coarse adj rough rude vulgar
cobbler n a mender of shoes
cock n male bird male fowl part of the lock of a rifle a tap
cocktail n a kind of horse a mixed drink
coconut n the coco palm
code n a system of laws rules or signals
co education n system of education where girls and boys study together
coerce v t to compel to restrain
coin n piece of money v t to make metal into coin to inyeat
cold adj wanting in heat spiritless reserved
collaborate v t to work together
collaboration n state of working together
collapsible adj fit for collapsing
collapsable adj same as collapsible
collision n state of being collided
colloquial adj conversational
colon n the punctuation mark part of large intestine
colour n hue tint appearance pretence pl paints a flag v t to give
colour to
comb n an instrument with teeth for dressing hair wool etc crest of a cock v t to
dress to separate
comfortable adj promoting comfort
comic adj humorous funny
comma n punctuation mark inverted commas

commanding adj impressive

commandment n mandate order
commence v t to begin to originate
commencement n a beginning
comment v t to write explanatory notes on n a collection of notes
commentator n the writer of a commentary
commercial adj pertaining to a trade
commit v t to entrust to send to be guilty
commitment n pledge
commodity n articles of trade useful things
commoner n one of the people
communicate v t to give information to join
communication n act of giving information information message correspondence

communism n vesting of property in common

companion n an associate a mate
comparable adj able to be compared
compare v t to find out points of likeness
comparison n act of comparing
compassion n pity sympathy
compensation n recompense
compete v t to strive with others to contend
competent adj of sufficient ability suitable
competition n rivalry
compile v t to collect matter from various authors
complain v t to express displeasure to find fault with
complainant n one who makes a charge against another
complaint n accusation ailment
complement n anything that completes
complementary adj supplying a deficiency
complete v t to finish to perfect
completion n accomplishment
complex adj not simple intricate
complicacy n state of being complicated
complication n complicated situation
compliment n a polite praise or respect v t to praise
complimentary adj expressive of praise
composition n a construction literary production
comprehension n understanding
comprise v t to contain to include
compromise v t to settle by mutual consent n settlement
compulsion n force obligation
compulsory adj having no option
compute v t to reckon to value
comrade n a companion
conceal v t to hide to shelter
conceivable adj able to be conceived
conception n thought notion
concentration n act of concentrating
conception n concept idea
concern v t to relate to to belong to to have to do with n business or affair
anxiety
concise adj short
conclude v t to finish to infer
concord n harmony agreement
condemn v t to pronounce guilty to censure
condemnation n the act of condemning
condense v t to reduce in volume to compress to abbreviate
condensation n act of making dense
condition n state circumstance
conditional adj depending on conditions
condole v t to grieve to sympathise
condolence n grief expressed on other s loss
conduce v t to lead to contribute
conducive adj tending
conduct v t to lead or guide to direct to manage to behave to carry

confectioner n a maker or seller of sweetmeats

confess v t & i to acknowledge to disclose
confession n the acknowledgement of a fault or crime
confide v t to trust
confidence n trust
confident confidential adj trusted private
confirm v t to strengthen to make sure to ratify
confirmation n corroborating statement
conflict v t to fight
conform v t to adopt to make like to comply with
conformation n shape structure
confront v t to face
confuse v t to mix together to perplex
confusion n disorder
congratulate v t to wish joy
congratulation n expression of joy at the success
connect v t to join together to associate
conquer v t to gain by force to subdue
conqueror n one who conquers
conscience n the sense of right and wrong
conscious adj knowing aware
consciousness n person s thoughts and feelings
consequence n result importance
consider v t & i to think
consider v t to contemplate to reflect upon
considerable adj great important
consist v t to be composed of
consolation n alleviation of grief
consolidate v t to solidify together into a mass to unite
conspire v t to plot together
conspirancy n a plot
constancy n firmness
constant adj fixed unchanging
constipation n difficulty in evacuating the bowels
constituency n body of electors in a place
constituency n body of electors in a region
constitution n natural state of mind or body formation a system of laws

consult v t to seek advice

consultation n conference
consume v t to eat up to destroy
consumption n act of consuming a wasting disease
contain v t to hold to include
contempt n scorn disrespect
contending n opposing
content adj satisfied
contentment n satisfaction
contest v t to debate to fight n debate strife
continental adj pertaining to a continent
continutal adj occurring on every occasion
continuation n going on in a series or line
continue v t & i to remain to maintain to extend to prolong
continuous adj uninterrupted
contra pref in sense of against
contradict v t to oppose
contrary adj opposite opposing
contrast v i to set in opposition n opposing
contribution n act of contributing a literary article
controversy n a discussion a dispute
convenience n suitableness comfort
convenient adj suitable handy
conventional adj customary
conversant adj well acquainted with
conversation n talking
conveyance n act of carrying a carriage
cooperate v t to work together
cooperation n the act of cooperating
cooperative adj on the basis of cooperation
coordinate adj of the same order or rank v t bring together
coordination n act of coordinating
copyright n legal right to print and publish books and articles
cordially adj warmly
cordiality n state of being cordial
corn n a grain seed horny growth on toes
corporal n an officer in an army next to a sergeant a pertaining to
body
corporation n united body of persons
corps n a division of an army
correction n amendment
correctness n state of being correct accuracy
correlation n mutual relation
correspondence n agreement communication by letters
correspondent n one who communicates by letter
corruption n depravity
cosmetic n adj relating to personal adornment
cost n money expense paid for things
costly adj expensive
cottage n a small house
councillor n member of council
counteract v t to oppose to defeat
counterattack n attack done after enemy s action
countercharge n charge in answer to another
counterfoil n a corresponding part of a cheque etc retained by the sender
courage n bravery
courageous adj brave bold
courtesy n politeness
cousin n a child of one s uncle or aunt
coward n a faint hearted person
cowardice n timidty
Craftsman n an artisan
credible adj believable
creditable adj praiseworthy
credulous adj ready to believe
crimson adj of a deep red colour
cripple n a lame person v t to disable to weaken
crisis n pl crises a turning point a decisive moment
critic n one skilled in judging the quality of a thing
criticism n a critical judgement
critique n a critical estimate
crooked adj bent deformed dishonourable
crossing n an intersection of roads
crystal adj clear as glass n clear transparent mineral
culmination n state of having risen to the highest point
culprit n an accused person
cultivator n one who cultivates
curiosity n state of being curious
curriculum pl curricula n course of study
curse v t to call down evil n an utterance of destruction
cursory adj hasty without much care
curtail v t to cut short
curtain n a hanging screen v t to
curved adj bent
custard n a mixture of milk eggs etc
cyclone n circular storm whirlwind
cyclopaedia n a guide to knowledge arranged alphabetically
cyclostyle n an apparatus for printing copies from stencil plate

cylinder n a roller shaped hollow or solid vessel

cymbal n one of a pair of brass plates clashed together for sound
cypher cipher n nothing

D
dacoit n one of a gang of robbers
dacoity n a dacoit s work
dainty adj neat delicious
dais n raised platform
damage n injury loss v t to injure to defame
dame n the lady keeper of a boarding house wife of a baronet or knight

damnable adj hateful

dangerous adj perilous
daring n boldness a bold fearless
daughter n a female child n daughter in law son s wife
dauntless adj fearless accountbook of daily transsactions
dazzle v t to overpower with to confound with brilliance
de pref in sense of down away
dealing n pl a person s conduct or transactions
dear adj beloved costly
dearth n state of scarcity famine
debatable adj liable to be disputed
debate v t to argue to discuss n discussion
debt n sum owed to a person
debtor n person owing something to another
decency n goodness beauty
decent adj proper respectable
decision n act of deciding judgement
declare v t to assert to decide in favour of
decorate v t to beautify to adorn
decoration n ornamentation
dedicate v t to set apart for a holy purpose to give wholly up to to inscribe
deer n animal with branched horns
deface v t to disfigure
defacement n act of defacing
defamation n act of defaming
defame v t to take accuse falsely
default n neglect of duty
defaulter n one who fails in payment
defeat v t to subdue to overcome
defect n want imperfection
defence n protection justification defendant s plea
defend v t to protect to resist
defensive adj serving to defend
defer v t to put off to lay to submit to yield
deference n respectful conduct
deficiency n lack want
definable adj able to be defined
definition n an exact statement of meaning
deformity n ugliness
degradation n disgrace
degrade v t to lower in rank to disgrace
degree n rank proportion academic proficiency part of a circle part of right angle

deity n a god or goddess

dejected adj sad
delay v t & i to postpone to hinder n lingering
delegate n representative deputy
delegation n body of delegates
delete v t to blot out to erase
deliberation n careful consideration
deliberate v t to reflect to consider
delicacy n tenderness state of being delicate
deliver v t to set free to make an address
deliverence n release
delusion n deception
demarcation n boundary separation
democracy n government by the people
demonstration n proof
demoralize v t to ruin the morals of to cause fear
denial n act of refusing or denying
dense adj thick compact dull
density n closeness of a substance denseness
dentist n a dental surgeon
deny v t to refuse to contradict
depart v t to go away to leave
departure n act of departing
dependable adj reliable
dependant n a follower
deponent n one who gives sworn testimony
deposit v t to lay down to entrust
depression n dejection a hollow
deprive v t to take away from to rob of
depth n deep place depression
deputation n person or persons appointed to act or speak for others
derangement n disturbance disorder
descend v t to come down to be derived from to invade
description n account in detail verbal portraiture
deserving adj meritorious
desirable adj agreeable
desirous adj wishful
desperation n hopelessness
destination n place to be reached
destroy v t to lay waste to ruin
destructible adj destroyable
detective n one employed in detecting criminals
deteriorate v t to become worse in quality
determination n resolution
determine v t & i to resolve to fix to influence
develop v t to unfold to promote the growth of
development n gradual growth
devil n evil spirit
devoted adj ardent zealous
devotee n a devoted person
dew n moisture deposited on cool surface
diagnosis n recognition of a disease by its symptoms
dialogue n conversation
diary n a daily record of events
dictate v t to ask another to write
dictation n act of dictating
dictator n an absolute ruler
diet n a way of feeding food
difference n unlikeness disagreement
different adj unlike
differentiate v t to discriminate
difficulty n difficult situation obstacle
diffusion n a spreading abroad distribution
digest v t to make absorbable to arrange to think over n collection of
laws summary
dignity n honour impressiveness
dilemma n a difficult position
diligence n earnest effort
dilute v t to make thin by mixing with water
dimension n size extent
dine v t to take food
dining room n a room used for meals
dinner n the chief meal of the day a public feast
diplomat n tactful
direction n course address
directive adj giv ing instruction
disability n incapability
disagreeable adj unpleasant
disappear v t to vanish
disappointment n failure of expectation
disapproval n state of rejecting
disarmament n abandonment of warlike establishment
disbelief n refusing to believe no confidence
discharge v t to unload to acquit to dismiss to fire to perform
disclose v t to uncover to expose to view
discomfit v t to defeat to frustrate
disconnect v t to disunite to separate
discouragement n act of discouraging
discovery n thing discovered
discussion n debate
disease n illness
disengage v t to set free to separate
disfavour n dislike displeasure
disgrace v t to dishonour
disguise v t to conceal to misrepresent n
disgust n dislike loathing v t to excite aversion
dishonest adj insincere
dishonour v t to disgrace
disinterested adj without personal interest
dislike v t to disapprove
dislocate v t to displace
dislodge v t to remove from a position
dismiss v t to remove from office to send away
dismissal n act of dismissing
disobedient adj one who does not obey
disobey v t to refuse to obey
disorder n confusion
dispatch v t to send out to dispose of
dispensary n a druggist s room
disperse v t to dismiss to scatter about
displace v t to put out of place
display v t to exhibit to make a show of
displease v t to annoy n displeasure
disposal n arrangement settlement
dispute v t to argue
disreputable adj of ill fame
disrepute n ill fame
distance n remoteness
distant adj far off
distaste n dislike aversion
distemper n derangement of body paint for wall
distillation n act of distilling
distort v t twisted to give false or twisted account
distortion n twisted or false account
distribution n division
disturb v t to unsettle to cause agitation
disunite v t to separate to cause dissension
ditto n adj & adv the same as above in account or lists etc
diversity n being unlike variety
diversion n diverting of attention amusement a military manoeuvre

divert v t to turn aside deflect to change

dividend n number to be divided sum payable as interest on loan or profit
division n distribution disagreement classification a unit in the army

divorce n dissolution of marriage v t to dissolve marriage sever

docile adj submissive
doctrine n belief religious or scientific teaching
document n
dogma n principle rigid opinion
dogmatic adj doctrinal authoritative
domain n estate territory
domestic adj concerning the home
domination n rule
donation n gift of money
donee n one who receives a gift
donor n giver
doom n condemn to hard fate decree
doubt v t to distrust to hesitate
dowry n money or goods given to a daughter as marriage gift
dozen n twelve
drainage n a system of drains
dramatist n writer of dramatic work
drastic adj powerful violent
drawback n a disadvantage
drawing n a sketch a picture
dread n fear adj fearful v t to be afraid
dreamy adj given to dream full of vision
dressing n bandage
drive n a ride a road v t & i to push forward
drizzle v t light rain
drone n male bee
drowsy adj half asleep
dual adj of two double
duchess n wife of a duke
due adj proper owing adequate n that which owed
duel n fight between two persons
duke n a noble of England
duly adv in due course of time
dumb n speechless
dunce n backward student dullard
duplicate n second copy adj double v t to make twice
duplicity n double dealing
durability n the quality of being lasting
durable adj lasting
duration n time by which anything lasts
during prep in the time of
dusty adj full of dust
dutch n a man of Holland
duty n what one ought to do deference due to superior a tax on goods
dwarf n a very small man
dwelling n place to live in house
dynamite n an explosive substance
dynamo n machine for creating electric energy
dysentery n an upset of the bowels

E
each adj every one
eager adj earnest keen
eagle n a big bird of prey
earmark n a mark of identification
earnest n part payment as guarantee adj serious determined eager
earnings n wages earned
earth n soil land
earthen adj made of soil
earthly adv worldly
earthquake n a sudden violent shaking of the earth
ease n freedom from pain or difficulty v t to render easy
easel n frame for supporting pictures during painting
easygoing adj one who takes things easy
eatable adj fit for eating
echo n repetition of sound
echo v t to resound
ecstacy n condition of extreme joy
eczema n a skin disease inflammation of the skin
edge n border sharp side of an instrument
edible adj fit for eating
edition n the number of copies of a book published at a time
editor n one who edits
educative adj likely to prove instructive
effect n result influence
effective n adj powerful having effect
efficiency n power strength competence
efficient adj competent capable
effigy n image representation in dummy form
effort n exertion endeavour
egoism n too much interest in oneself
egotism n self absorption speaking too much of oneself
eighty n eight times ten
elastic adj springing back able to recover former state quickly
elasticity n the quality of tension
elder adj older in age
elderly adj grown old
elect v t to choose or select adj chosen
electorate n the body of electors
electropathy n medical treatment by means of electric current
element n component part substance incapable of analysing elements n plural
elementary adj simple rudimentary
elephant n a huge quadruped with tusks
elevation n raising height above sea level
eligible adj fit to be chosen desirable
elopement n secret running away of a woman from her guardian with a lover

elucidate v t to explain
elusion n escape by deception
em n unit of measurement in types
embrace v t to hold in arms to receive eagerly n folding in arms
clasp
embroidery n designs worked in a fabric with needles
emergency n anything calling for prompt action
emigrant n one who emigrates
emotion n agitation of mind feeling
employ v t to engage in service to give work to to use
employee n one who is employed
employer n one who engages others for service
emporium n pl s ria a large stonehouse centre of trade
empower v t to give authority to
empress n wife of an emperor
emptiness n state of being empty
emulation n ambition to rival another
enclose v t to surround to shut up
encounter v t to meet to oppose to light against
encourage v t to put courage into to stimulate
encyclopaedia n a dictionary of general knowledge
endeavour v t to attempt
endeavourment n attempt
endorsement n writing comments or signature on the back
endurance n power of enduring
endure v t & i to bear
enema n injection of liquid into the rectum
energetic adj full of energy
enforce v t to compel obedience to impose action on
engagement n appointment employment betrothal light
enmity n hostility
enormous adj huge
enough adj & adv sufficient
enquire v t to inquire
entry n act of entering entrantce item entered entries plural
envelope n cover of a letter
enviable adj w orthy of envy
envious adj full of envy
envoy n messenger
envy v t to have ill will
epic n & adj a poem in lofty style narrating a series of great events
epidemic n an infectious disease prevalent in a community at the same time
epistle n a letter
epitaph n an inscription on a tomb
equal adj of the same size identical v t & i to make or be equal to

equation n reduction to cquality

equi in combination meaning equal
equilibrium n state of even balance
equitable adj impartial just
equity n justice fair dealing
equivalent adj of equal value corresponding to
era n a period of time
eradicaie v t to uproot to destroy utterly
erection n act of erecting
err v t to wander from the right path to make mistakes
error n mistake wrong opinion
erst erstwhile adv of old formerly
escape v t & i to get away from danger to avoid to hasten away n
evasion
essence n intrinsic nature a perfume
essential adj necessary
establishment n household house of business
estate n condition state property
esteem v t to think highly of to regard
estimable adj deserving good opinion
etching n art of engraving
eternal adj without beginning or end
ethics n the science of conduct
eulogy n praise
evacuate v t to make empty to leave
evade v t to escape from to avoid cunningly
eve n evening
even n in poetry evening adj level not odd
event n something that happens an incident
everlasting adj perpetual
evidence n testimony a sign or token
evident adj obvious clear
evolution n evolving development
exaggerate v t to overstate
exaggeraiion n a statement in excess of the truth
examinee n one who is examined
examiner n one who tries or inspects
exceed v t & i to go beyond to surpass
excellent adj very good
exception n not according to rule objection
exchange v t to change
exchangeable adj able to be exchanged
excise n a tax on home products money paid for a license
excitement n stimulation
exclaim v t to cry out to speak aloud
exclamation n outcry expression of surprise and the like
exclude v t to shut out to debar from
exclusion n act of rejecting
exclusive adj having power to exclude
excusable adj admitting of excuse
excuse v i to let off from punishment to overlook a fault n pretext
exempt v t to make free to free adj free from duty etc
exhaustion n the state of being exhausted
exhibit v t to show
exbibitor n one who exhibits
exist v t to be to live
existence n continued being
expand v t to spread out to enlarge
expansion n act of expanding
expect v t to suppose to anticipatc to hope
expectation n anticipation hope
expensive adj valuable costly
expedite v t to hasten
expedition n an undertaking an enterprise
expel v t to drive out to banish
experiment n a trial to discover something v t
experimental adj based on experiment
expire v t to die to come to an end
expiry n end
explanation n the statement that explains
explode v t to burst with a loud report
exploit n a heroic act
explore v t & i to search carefully to travel through new regions
export v t to send goods to another country n an exported article
expose v t to lay open to subject to danger
express adj definite precise going at a high speed
expressible adj fit to be expressed
expression n utterance a phrase look
expulsion n banishment
extempore adv & adj expressed without previous preparation
extend v t to stretch out to enlarge
extension n extent stretch
extra adv unusually adj additional
extract n passage from a book essence
extraordinary adj uncommon remarkable
extravagance n unnecessary expenditure
extreme adj outermost remote
eyebrow n fringe of hairs over the eye
eyelid n cover of the eye
eye witness n one who can testify from his own observation one who sees a thing done

L F
facial adj of the face
facile adj easily done ready with words yielding
facilitate v t to make easy to help
facility n easiness
facilities n pl opportunities good conditions
fade v t & i to wither
faint adj feeble weak inclined to swoon
faintness n state of being senseless
faithful adj loyal true
fallacy n a false argument a wrong belief
famous adj wellknown
fantasy n imagination fanciful invention mental image
farewell n words said at parting leavetaking
fascinate v t to charm to attract to enchant
fatal adj deadly destructive
fault n an error a wrong action an imperfection
favourable adj suitable helpful
feasible adj practicable convenient
feasibility n practicability
feature n marked peculiarity pl countenance v t to portray
feeble adj weak
female n & adj a woman or a girl
feminine adj relating to women
festival n a grand feast time marked out for pleasure making
festive adj of festival
fever n high temperature
fiction n something invented false story literature of stories
fictitious adj imaginary not genuine
fidget v t to move uneasily y adj
fiend n the devil a cruel person
fierce adj violent angry
fiery adj containing fire ardent irritable
figurative adj words used to denote thing other than that pointed out by the straight forward
meaning
filthy adj unclean dirty
finance n pl matters relating to money revenue science of controlling public money

finely adv decently

finish n no pl end
firebrigade n body of firemen
fireproof adj that cannot be burnt in fire
fishery n business of catching fish
fist n the clenched hand
fitness n state of being fit
fixity n the state of being fixed permanence
flagrant adj prominent notorious
flame n a blaże
flatter v t to please with false praise
flavour n a distinguishing taste or smell
flawless adj perfect without any defect
flexible adj pliable yielding easily bent
flexibility n state of being flexible ant rigidity
flight n the act of flying flock of birds series of steps
flirt v t to jerk to show affection for amusement without serious intentions
flirtation n playing at a courtship
flock n a company of birds or animals
fluctuation n unsteadiness
fluent adj flowing ready in speech
fluidity n the quality of being fluid
foamy adj covered with foam
foggy adj covered with fog dim
folio n a sheet of paper once folded page number of a printed book a volume having pages of the
largest size
folk lore n legendary tradition
follower n one who follows
following adj succeeding
foolish adj weak inellect
forbade past tenseof forbid
forbear v i & t to refrain to be patient n ancestor
forbearance n exercise of patience
forbid v t to tell not to do to prohibit
forcible adj powerful
forebode v t to predict
forecast v t to foresee to predict to conjecture beforehand
forefather n an ancestor
forego v t to precede to give up
foregoing adj preceding
foreigner n a stranger an alien
forejudge v t to judge beforehand
forerun v t to precede
foresight n fore knowledge
forever adv always
foreword n introductory remarks to a book
forfeit v t to lose right to to pay as penalty for
forgiveness n pardon
forge n furnace smithy
forgettable adj apt to forget not remembering
formality n formal conduct
formally adv in a formal way
formulate v t to express in clear and definite form
forsake v t to abandon to renounce
fort n a fortified place
fortify v t to encourage
forthwith adv immediately
fortitude n patient firmness strength of mind endurance
forty adj four times ten
forum n a market place public place for meeting
forwards adv onwards
foundation n basis the act of establishing
founder n one who establishes
foundry n a place for casting meta s
fourfold adj four times of much
frankly adv without any hesitation
frankness n state of being outspoken
fraud n cheating deception
freehold n land hold free of rates
freewill n power of doing work voluntarily liberty of choice
freeze v t & i to chill to become ice
freight n hire of ship
frequency n frequent occurrence
fretful adj peevish irritable
friendly adj acting as a friend on amicable terms
frigidity n coolness
front n forehead fore part face
frosty adj full of frost
fruitful adj productive
fruition n fulfilment
fruity adj of fruit
fulfil v t to carryout to complete to bring to pass
fulfilment n accomplishment
fullstop n a punctuation mark used at the end of a sentence
fun n sport amusement
function n a ceremony special work
fundamental adj important belonging to foundation essential
funny adj full of fun amusing odd
furious adj very angry
furnishings n plural furniture
furniture n equipment
further adv moreover to a great distance or degree
furthermore adj moreover
furthest adj & adv farthest
fury n rage great anger excitement
fusibility n the act of being melted or amalgamated
fusible adj capable of melting
fusion n fused mass act of fusing
fuss n tumult bustle
fussy adj making a fuss
future n going to be about to happen
futurity n time to come
futile adj useless trifling
fy int same as fie

L G
gaby n foolish fellow simpleton
gaiety n cheerfulness
gait n manner of walking bearing
Gamble v i to play for money
gambol n & v i a frolic a skip
gaol n jail prison
garland n a wreath of flowers
garment n dress
gathering n crowd assembly
gaze v i to look steadily at a fixed look
gem n jewel an object of great worth
generally adv usually
generate v t to produce to give birth to originate
generation n race people of the same time
generosity n nobleness kindness
generous adj kind of liberal nature
genius n a person having extraordinary mental power
gentle adj noble kind
gentleness n mildness goodness
genuine adj pure real
germ n that from which anything develops productive element
giant n a very tall man
gifted adj talented
ginger n a hot spice
girdle v t to surround with girdle
girlhood n the state of being a girl
girlish adj like a girl
gladly adv cheerfully
glamour n fascination magic spell
glare n a dazzling light
glimps n a brief passing view
globe n around body a sphere the earth
glorious n magnificent illustrious
glossary n a list of words with their meanings
God n a being or spirit having power over nature and human beings
godless adj living without God
godly adj pious
gold n a precious yellow metal money riches
goldsmith n one who works in gold
goodbye int farewell
goodness n kindness excellence
goodwill n a friendly feeling popularity in trade
gossip n idle talk
governable adj capable of ruling
grace n mercy favour pardon politeness
gradually adv in a gradual manner
grand adj supreme magnificent
grammarian n one versed in grammar
grape n a fruit
grasp v t to catch to hold to seize
gratitude n thankfulness
gratuity n a gift a payment on discharge
greatness n state of being great
greediness n the quality of being greedy
greedy adj intensely desirous
greed n eager desire
greeting n salutation
grey adj & n of mixed black and white colour
grievance n distress injustice hardship
grip v t to seize
groaning n deep sigh
groundnut n peanut
growth n development
grumble v i to murmur to complain
guarantee n a pledge surety
guidance n direction act of guiding
gun n cannon rifle revolver etc
gunsmith n one who makes gun
gust n a sudden blast of wind
gutter n a passage made for running water
guy n a rope to hold tents
gymkhana n place for display of athletics
gymnastics n muscular exercises

L H
habitual adj customary acquired by habit
hale adj healthy stout
half hearted adj indifferent wanting in zeal
halt v t to stop n stopping
handful n quantity that fills the hand
handicap v t to place at a disadvantage
handicraft n manual occupation
handkerchief n a square cloth for wiping hands and face
haphazard n mere chance adj casual adv casually
happiness n the state of being happy goodluck
harmful adj injurious
haste n hurry rash speed
hasten v t to cause to make haste
hasty adj speedy
hateable adj detestable
hatred n dislike
haughty adj proud arrogant
havoc n destruction
headache n a pain in the head
heading n title
healthy adj in state of good health
hearsay n rumour
heartache n mental anguish
hearty adj genial sincere
hectogram n a weight of grams
heir n one who inherits other s property
helpless adj wanting help
hence adv therefore from here
herd n number of beasts assembled together
herdsman n one who tends a herd
hereabout adv in this neighbourhood
hereafter adv in the future
heredity n handing of qualities to offspring
hereunder adv underneath this
hereupon adv on this
herewith adv with this
heritage n inheritance
hero n the chief person in a play brave
heroine n a female hero supremely courageous
hesitation n act of hesitating
hiatus n a break between two vowels
highway n a road
himself pron reflexive form of him
hinder v t to check to prevent to retard
hindrance n obstruction
historian n writer of history
historical adj belonging to past pertaining to history
hitherto adv till now
hoarse adj harsh
hobby n an interest a favourite pursuit
hoist v t to lift to raise Flag hoisting ceremony
holiday n a festival a day of recreation
hollow adj false empty insincere
homeopath n a system of curing disease by minute drugs one who use this system

homeopathy n Hahneman s system of curing disease by minute doses of drugs

honesty n uprightness sincerity

honeymoon n the wedding holiday
honorarium n a fee paid for professional services
honorary adj holding office without pay
honour n dignity pride
honourable adj worthy of honour
horizon n limit a line where sky and earth seem to touch
horrible adj fearful
horror n fear dislike
horticulture n gardening
hosier n one who deals in hosiery
hospitality n kindness to guest
host n a person who entertains a guest an innkeeper
hostel n a residence for students
hostile adj warlike rude
hostility n enmity
hour n a period of sixty minutes
household n family of family
housemaid n a female servant
housewife n mistress
however adv in whatever manner
howsoever adv although
human adj pertaining to mankind
humane adj kind
humanity n human nature
humbly adv in a humble manner
humiliate v t to humble
humility n humbleness
humour n wit state of mind inclination
humorist n a man of playful fancy
hungry adj suffering from hunger
hunter n one who hunts
hurriedly adv in haste
hygiene n the science of health
hygienic adj pertaining to health
hygrometer n an instrument for measuring moisture
hymn n a song in praise of God
hymnal n a hymnbook
hypercritic al adj over critical
hypnotism n artificially induced sleep
hysteria n a nervous affection accompanied with a convulsive fit
hysterical adj pertaining to hysteria

L I
ibid adv in the same place
icon n statue image of a saint
ideal n standard of perfection adj perfect faultless
idealist n an upholder of idealism
identity n sameness
idiom n peculiar but customary way of expression
idle adj indolent useless
idler n one who observes idleness
idol n an image statue
idolator n one who worships idols
if conj whether
igneous adj pertaining to fire produce by fire
ignitable adj able to be ignited
ignite v t & i to set on fire
ignoble adj mean of low birth dishonourable
ignorance n want of knowledge darkness
ill adj evil bad sick
illegal adj contrary to law
illegible adj indistinct
illustrative adj serving as illustration
imagination n idea dream
imbibe v t to absorb to drink in
imitable adj which can be imitated
imitate v t to copy to mimic
imitator n one who imitates
illusion n deception
illiteracy n want of knowledge want of education
illiterate adj unable to read and write
illness n bad health disease
illogical adj without reason
immobile adj unremovable
immature adj imperfect not mature
immeasurable adj great boundless
immorality n viciousness sin
immovable adj which cannot move fixed
immune adj free from obligation free
impassable adj that cannot be penetrated into
impatience n intolerance
impatient adj restless
impeach v t to accuse to charge with crime
imperfect adj defective incomplete
imperil v t to bring into danger
imperishable adj indestructible
impiety n ungodliness sin
impolite adj not civil rude
import v t to bring into country
impose v t to influence to deceive
imposture n deceit fraud
impostor n a false character a swindler
impotence n weakness
impracticable adj not able to be done
impression n an effect produced
improper adj incorrect
improvable adj that can be improved
improvement n progress
impure adj unchaste
in prep into against towards
inability n incapacity
inaccurate adj erroneous
inactive adj not active
inapplicable adj irrelevant
inattentive adj paying no heed
inaudible adj that cannot be heard
inauguration n formal ceremony beginning
inauspicious adj unlucky unfortunate
incalculable adj uncertain
incapable adj not capable
incapacity n inability
incarnation n embodiment in human form
inch n a unit of measure foot an island
incident n an occurrence
include v t to contain to regain
incoherent adj disconnected
incoming adj coming in
incommode v t to annoy to molest
incomparable adj matchless
incompetent adj not competent
incomplete adj imperfect
incontestable adj indisputable
inconvenient adj unsuitable
incorrect adj wrong
incorrigible adj depraved impossible to rectify
incorruptible adj that cannot decay
incredible adj hard to believe
increment n profit increase
incurable adj that cannot be cured
indecency n immodesty
indeed adv really
index n & v i alphabetical list of names Places etc
indication n hint
indicator n a guide
indifference n absence of interest
indifferent adj neutral
indigestion n want of proper digestion
indirectly adv
individual n special person peculiar separate
induct v t to introduce
indulgence n gratification tolerance
industrial adj pertaining to industry
industrious adj active smart diligent
inequity n injustice
inertia n inactivity
inevitable adj unavoidable
inferiority the state of being inferior
infinite adj endless
infirmity n weakness
inflammation n a swelling on a part of body
inflammatory adj Lending to inflame or excite
inflate v t to increase to blow up with air or gas
infringement n violation
influence n the power of producing influence
influenza n a fever with severe cold
informal adj not in due form
inhabitant n a dweller
inhale v t to breathe
inheritance n which is inherited
inhuman adj brutal barbarous
initial adj & n primary of the beginning
initiate v t to introduce to begin
initiative n self reliance taking the first step
injection n act of injecting
injury n harm damage
inland adj & adv of the country
inmost adj most inward
inn n a shelter a lodging for travellers
innocence n simplicity harmlessness
innumerable adj numberless
inodorous adj odourless
inquire v t & i to ask to make an investigation
inquiry n investigation
inquisition n a search investigation
inquisitive adj inquiring
insanity n madness
inscription n engraving
inseparable adj that cannot be separated
insert v t to place in to introduce
insertion n act of inserting
inside n adj & adv within
insight n power of understanding through knowledge
insistence n the act of insisting on
insoluble adj that cannot be dissolved in fluid
insolvent adj bankrupt
insomnia n sleeplessness
inspector n one who inspects
inspiration n inhaling of air divine influence
instability n fickleness
instance n an example suggestion
instant adj urgent immediate
instigate v t to urge on to stimulate
institute v t to set up to establish
instructor n a teacher
insufficient adj inadequate
insult n dishonour
insuperable adj not able to be overcome
insurance a contract to indemnify insured things against loss
insure v t to guarantee
integrity n honesty
intelligent adj quick to learn
intelligible adj comprehensible
intend v t to mean to purpose
intense adj extreme eager
interchange v t to change with another
interesting adj exciting interest
interfere v i to obstruct
interference n obstruction
interim n of the time in between adj temporary
interlink v t to connect together
interlock v t to lock together
intermediary n & adj mediator
intermingle v t & i to mix together
intermission n an interval
intern v t to confine within the limits of a place
internal adj inward am external
interpolation n insertion of something new not genuine
interpreter n one who interprets
interrupt v t to obstruct
interval a halt stop
intervention n interference
interview n conference a formal meeting for talk
intestine n the lower part of the digestive system
intimacy n a close familiarity
intimate adj familiar
intimation n hint
intimidate v t to terrify
into prep entrance within a thing
intolerable adj not to be endured
intonation n the production of a musical tone
intoxication n state of being intoxicated
intricacy n complication
intrigue v t to plot secretly
introduction n a formal presentation
intrude v t to enter uninvited
intuition n insight instructive knowledge
invalid n ill weak
invariable adj constant without change
invasion n an attack encroachment
invention n discovery
investigate v t to search out carefully
invigorate v t to put life
invincible adj unconquerable
invisible adj that cannot be seen
invitation n solicitation
invite v t to request to come and participate
invocation n the act of calling in prayer
invoke v t to beg for protection
inwardly adv in the mind
irk v t to trouble to annoy
iron n name of a metal
irony n satire state of affairs which is the opposite of what was desired
irrecoverable adj that cannot be recovered
irreducible adj not able to be lessened
irregular adj uneven
irregularity n the quality of being irregular
irrelevant adj not to the point
irreparable adj not able to be rectified
irritable adj easily angered
irritate v t to annoy to make angry
irritation n vexation
island n land surrounded by water on all sides
isle n island
islet n a small island

J
jabber v t to chatter rapidly
jack n knave at card flag machine for lifting weights
jackal n an animal related to dog
jailer n the keeper of a prison
jam n fruit preserved by boiling with sugar
jaundice n a kind of disease with yellowness of eyes and skin
jealousy n suspiciousness
jester n one who jests
jet black n ivory black
jew n a person of the Hebrew race
jewel n a precious stone
jewellery n jewels in general ornaments
journal n a diary a newspaper a register
journalist n one who writes for or conducts a newspaper or magazine
journey n & v t a travel
joyously adv merrily
judicial adj pertaining to justice impartial
juice n the fluid part of the fruit
juncture n a critical time
juniority n the state of being junior
juryman n a member of jury
justice n equity judge
justify v t to prove to be just or right
juvenile adj youthful childish
juvenility n youthfulness
juxtaposition n nearness placing side by side

K
kerchief n a square piece of cloth
kernel n inner part of nut essential part
kerosene n refined petroléum
kindergarten n an infant school
kindle v t to inflame to set on fire
kindly adj & adv with kindness
kinship n telationship
kiss v t to touch with lips
kitchen n a place where cooking is done
knit v t to weave into a net to unite
knock v t & i to push to clash to strike
knot n a tie a cluster
knowingly adv consciously
knowledge n learning
kodak n a small camera
kopeck n a Russian coin
kraal n an enclosure for cattle

L
laboratory n place for experiments
laborious adj industrious
labour n to work hard to toil to strive work
laboured adj unnatural
lack v i & t to be in need of want
lamb n young of sheep
lame adj imperfect v t disabled in one or two limbs
lament v i to feel sorry
lamentation n expression of sorrow
landlord n owner of land
landscape n a part of land seen from a point
lane n a street
language n faculty of human speech or of a nation
lantern n case for holding or carrying light
largely adv to a great extent
lastly adj in the end
latrine n toilet lavatory
laudable adj worthy of praise
laughable adj funny ridiculous
lavatory n a place for washing hand and face
lavish adj extravagant abundant v t
lawful adj just rightful
lawless adj against law disobedient
lawyer n pleader a man of legal profession
leap n spring jump bound v i
leavings n plural remaining portion
lecture n a formal reproof v t a discourse
ledger n a book of accounts
legacy n the money which is left by will
legal adj just lawful
legible adj clear readable
leisure n a spare time
length n the distance between two points extension
lengthy adj long
leniency n mildness
lenient adj mild gentic
lessen v t & i to diminish to decrease
lesson n instruction something to be learnt v t an example punishment
let v t aux verb to allow to permit to give leave
liability n responsibility
liable adj accountable responsible probable
liberal adj kind unselfish
liberate v t to set free
liberty n freedom right to do as one likes
librarian n one who keeps a library
licence v t to authorize to grant permission n permission
licensee n holder of licence
lie v i to utter falsehood
lifelong adv during the life time
limited adj bounded
linguist n one skilled in many languages
liquid n flowing
liquidate v t to settle to clear up debts to put an end
liquidity n state of being liquid
liquor n a fermented drink
listener n one who listens
literacy n ability to read and write
livelihood n means of living
liver n the gland by which the bile is secreted
locality n position situation
lockup n a place where prisoners are kept
loftiness n pride height
logic n art of reasoning
longevity n long life
longitude n distance east or west from meridian
loom n a machine for weaving v t to appear indistinct
lot n luck choice
lotus n water lily
lovable adj charming worthy of love
love n affection v t to like very much
loving adj affectionate
low adj humble not high
loyalty n faithfulness
lubricant n substance used for lubricating
lucidity n brightness
luminous adj bright clear
lunatic n a mad man
lust n eager desire
lustre n brightness
luxurious adj indulging in luxury
luxury n expensive living easy going life

M
machinery n machines in general
machinist n a machine maker
mad adj insane
madam n a courteous form of address to a lady
magic n witch craft conjuring
magician n one who knows magic
mail n bag of letters post
maintain v t to affirm to assert to support
maintenance n keep in working order
majority n full of age the greater number
maladministration n faulty administration
malice n spite ill feeling
malpractice n improper conduct
mammoth adj huge big very large
manage v t & i to handle to control to contrive
manageable adj fit for managing
management n administration
manager n a controller
manhood n the state of being a man
manifold adj numerous and varied complicated
mankind n the human species
manoeuvre n skilful movement stratagem v t to manage artfully

manual n a hand book adj pertaining to or done with hand

manufacture v t the making on a large scale
marble n a very hard stone with polish v t to paint like marble
mariner n a sailor
mark n a sign of note target v t to make a mark
marking n impression with a mark
maroon n a brownish crimson colour
marriageable adj able to be married
martyrdom n suffering of a martyr
marvellous adj wonderful astonishing
masculine adj manly of the male sex
masque n an entertainment consisting of pageantry a masked person

massage n a form of cure by rubbing and kneading the body

massive adj large bulky heavy
masterpiece n greatest work in quality
match v t & i to be of proper value to correspond
mathematics n the science of magnitude and number
matinee n a show held in the day time
matrimony n marriage
matron n married woman female superintendent in a hospital school etc

matter n substance cause of trouble subject

mature adj ripe fully developed
maturity n fully developed state
mauve n a bright purple dye
maxim n a pro verb maxim gun a small gun
maximum n the greatest side or number
meantime n the interval between two given times
meanwhile n in the interval
measure n that by which something is estimated
measures n plural means to an end
mechanic n a skilled workman an artisan adj relating to machines
mechanical adj relating to machines unintelligent
medal n metal worked in the form of a coin
meddle v i to interfere
medium n the middle means agent
melancholy n & adj sad feeling of dullness gloomy
memorable adj able to be remembered
memory n remembrance
menses n the monthly discharge from the uterus
mentality n intellectual power
mentionable adj that may be mentioned
menu n a list of dishes available
mercury n a planet quick silver
merely adv simply
merriment n enjoyment mirth
mesmerize v t bring to a hypnotic state
message n communication
messenger n one who brings message
metaphor n figurative use of words
mew n cry of cat sound like cat v i to cry like cat
midnight n the middle of night
midst n the middle adv in the middle amidst
midwife n a woman who assists another in child birth
might n power strength
milky adj of milk
miller n a worker of a mill
million n one thousand thousands
millionaire n a very rich person
minimize v t to reduce to the smallest amount
minimum n the least amount
minor adj smaller less unimportant
minority n state of being a minor
minute n very small trifling of little consequence exact
miracle n a marvel natural event
miraculous adj wonderful surprising
mirror n a looking glass
mirth n joy glee
misguide v t to lead into error
mislead v t to lead wrongly
mismanage v t to manage wrongly
misplace v t to place in a wrong place
misprint n mistake in printing v t to print incorrectly
mistake v t to understand wrongly
misunderstanding n misconception
mockery n ridicule
modernity n the state of being modern
moist adj damp slightly wet
momentary adj lasting for a moment
momentous adj important
Monday n the second day of the week
mono n in the sense of single alone
monogram n two or more letters interwoven in a figure
monologue n a speech spoken by one person alone
monopolize v t to obtain monopoly of
monopoly n the sole right of dealing in any thing
monotony n uniformity of tone
monthly adj adv & n recurring every month
moody adj in ill humour
morality n virtue
moreover adv besides in addition
morn n poetical form of morning
mortality n death destruction
mount n a hill v t to rise ascend
mourn v t to lament
movables n personal property
movement n change of position
muddy adj full of mud dirty
multimillionaire n a person with millions of money
multitude n a large number a crowd
mum adj silent
murmur n a low indistinct sound a complaint v t to make a low continuous sound
museum n building where object of art and science are kept for show
mushroom n a kind of plant fungus
music n melody pleasant sound
musician n one who is skilled in the practice of music
mutiny n rebellion against constituted authority
myself pron reflexive form of a writer or a speaker
mythology n the science of myth

N
nab v t to catch to arrest
nail n a claw a horny growth v t to fasten with nail
naive adj unaffected simplicity
naked adj bare
namesake n one having the same name
napkin n a small cloth for wiping hand
narration n act of relating
narrow adj limited in size of little width v t & i to make narrower
nationality n patriotic sentiment
nationalise v t to make national
naturally adv according to nature
nature n innate character the universe essential qualities natural disposition kind

navigation n the act of navigating

necessary adj indispensable
necessity n imperative need poverty
needle n a sharp pointed piece of steel for sewing
negation n a denial refusal
neglect v t to have no care to disregard to leave undone
negligence n carelessness
negotiate v t to manage to exchange for value
negotiation n transacting of business
neither adv conj & pron not either
nerveless adj useless weak
net adj free from all deductions
netting n the act of forming a network
neuter adj neither masculine nor feminine neuter gender
new n adj fresh
news n tidings
nicely adv finely
nickname n an added name a by name
niece n a daughter of one s brother or sister
nightingale n a small singing bird
nominee n a designated person
nonetheless adv never the less
noon n midday adj pertaining to noon
normality n regularity
northward adj towards the north
notable n a famous person or thing
noteworthy adj remarkable
numerous adj many in numbers
nun n a woman who leads a religious secluded life
novelty n something unusual
nowhere adv not anywhere
numberless adj countless
nursery n a room for infants a place where trees and plants are reared
nurture n training v t to train to nourish
nutrition n act or process of nourishing food
nut n the fruit of a tree a wooden or iron piece with screw v t to gather

O
oath n a solemn affirmation to God
obedience n submission to another s rule
object n end purpose a thing which one causes or feels
objectionable adj disagreeable unpleasant
oblique adj slanting
obscene adj indecent lewd
observer n one who observes
obstacle n an impediment a hinderance
obstruction n persistent opposition
obtain v t & i to get to gain to prevail
obviously adv clearly evidently
occasional adj occurring at times
occupation n employment business possession
occurrence n an incident
ocean n the main body of water on the earth
ochre n a kind of pale yellow clay and its colour
odd adj not even strange peculiar at odds in disagreement odds and ends

odorous adj fragrant

odour n smell perfume
of prep
off adj & adv away farther off hand well off
offensive adj hateful disgusting
offering n a gift a sacrifice
official n & adj relating to an office
oil painting n a painting in oil colours
ointment n a greasy substance used for applying on wounds
omission n failure neglect
omnipotent adj almighty
omniscient adj all knowing
omnipresence n presence everywhere
onwards adv towards the front
opaque adj not transparent not able to be seen through
operator n one who operates
opinion n belief notion idea
opportunity n chance favourable time or occasion
oppose v t to speak or act against to resist
opposite adj adverse contrary
optimism n hopefulness
optional adj according to one s choice
oral adj spoken verbal
orator n a good public speaker
ordinarily adv usually
organization n act of organizing structure
oriental n eastern eastern country adj
ornament n a thing that adorns
orphan n a parentless child
otherwise adv in another manner
ought v aux to be bound in duty to need to be done
our pron belonging to us
ours pron belonging to us
outcome n result
outdoor adj outside the house
outing n an excursion
outline n boundary line a description v t to make sketch
output n product the quantity prepared at a time
outrage v t to insult to ravish
outright adv completely
outrun v i to pass the line
outsider n a person outside a special class
outstanding adj prominent unpaid
outward adj exterior
outwit v t to defeat by superior wisdom
overact v t to act too much
overbid v t to offer more than value
overhear v t to hear stealthily
overlook v t to inspect to forgive
overnight adv on the preceding night
oversight n a mistake
overstate v t to exaggerate
overtake v t to follow and catch
overtop v t to rise above the top of
overweight n excessive weight
overwhelm v t to win to conquer to overpower
ownership n possession
ox n bull
oxygen n gas in atmosphere essential to life

P
pabulum n food
pace n single step v i & t to walk to regulate speed
pacify v t to calm
package n a small bundle
painting n a painted picture
palace n royal residence stately mansion
palm n the inner surface of the hand
palm n a tree
palmist n one versed in palmistry
palpitation n throbbing
panacea n cure for all ills universal remedy
panner n a general fault finder
pantaloon n trousers
paper n material used for writing
parable n a proverb
paraffin oil n refined petroleum
paragon n a perfect pattern
parallel adj similar v t to equal
paralysis n a total or partial loss of motion
paramount adj supreme chief
parasite n a flatterer
parliamentarian n an M P
parody n a comical imitation v t to imitate ridiculously
parity n equality
paronym n words alike in sound but different in spelling
partiality n a tendency to favour
participate v i to have a part in
participation n the sharing in common with other
particle n a very small part
particular adj special careful
particularity n exactness
particularly adv in detail
partner n a sharer
partnership n joint ownership
pass book n a bankers book
passenger n a traveller in a public vehicle
passion n deep feeling
passionate n easily moved to anger moved by strong emotions
pastime n recreation
patent n permit given by Government
paternal adj fatherly
path n a foot way
patience n calmness endurance adj perserving
patient n a person under medical treatment
patricide n murder of father
patriotism n love of one s own country
patron n protector
pattern n model
payable adj due
payee n one to whom money is paid
payer n one who pays
payment n act of paying
peacemaker n one who makes peace
peacock n a kind of bird
pearl n a substance formed within the shell of an oyster
pearly adj resembling pearls
peasant n a rustic farmer
peasantry n peasants of a region
peculiar adj strange
pedant n who makes show of learning
penal adj pertaining to the punishment
penalize v t to lay under a penalty
penance n art of self mortification
penetrate v t & i to pierce into
penetration n act of piercing insight
penguin n a kind of sea fowl
pension n a payment after retirement
pensionable adj able to obtain pension
peonage n service
perambulator n a child s carriage
percept n mental product
percentage n
perfect adj complete exact v t to render faultless
perfection n faultless
perfumery n perfumes in general
perhaps adv by chance
period n age a portion of time
Periodic al n happening at regular interval of time
perish v i to die to decay
perishable adj liable to perish
permanent adj lasting
permissible adj allowable
permission n leave consent
permissive adj allowing
permit n a written permission v t to allow
permittance n allowance
perpetual adj everlasting
perpetuation n continuity
perplex v t to puzzle
perplexity n puzzled state
persevere v t to persist to try again & again
personnel n the persons employed in public service
perturbed adj agitated
perusal n careful reading
pervert v t to turn from right course
pessimism n looking at the worst of things
petticoat n garment worn by lady
phantasm n an illusion
pharmacy n art of preparing medicine
phenomenon n anything remarkable
philology n the study of languages
philosopher n expert in philosophy
phone n telephone
photography n the art of producing pictures by photographic camera
physical adv pertaining to physics bodily
physician n a doctor of medicines
pickle n vegetable preserved v t to preserve in pickle
pickpocket n one who steals from another s pocket
pictorial adj of pictures
picture n a beautiful object a visible image v t to draw
picturesque adj vivid effective like picture
pierce v t & i to thrust into
pilgrim n one who goes to holy places
pilgrimage n journey to holy places
pillow n a soft cushion for the head v t to lay on pillow
pinch v t & i to nip to urge to distress
Pisces n fish the twelfth sign of zodiac
pitcher n a vessel for carrying liquids
pitiful adj full of pity
pity n compassio v t to have pity
plaintiff n one who commences action at law
plan n scheme map drawing project design
plane n a flat level surface
playfellow n play mate
pleasant adj agreeable
pleasure n satisfaction delight
pledge n promise v t to pawn
plenty n quite enough
plot n a plan a piece of ground v t to conspire
plural adj consisting more than one
pocketful n as much as a pocket can hold
poetry n poems
policy n state craft
poisonous adj full of poison
politeness n courtesy
politics n science of government strife of parties
politician n one versed in politics
pollute v t to defile
pollution n defilement
polygon n a five sided figure
pomade n a perfumed ointment for hair
pompous adj splendid showy
ponder v t to think meditate
poorness n lack of good quality
popularity n state of being liked or admired
population n the people of a country
portable adj movable light
portfolio n a portable case for keeping loose papers office of a minister of state
portrait n a photograph
positively adv in a positive manner
possession n state of owning
possibly adv perhaps
postal adj connected with post
poster n a placard
post date v t to put on date after the actual time of writing
post mortem adj examination after death
postpone v t to adjourn to delay
potency n power
poverty n the state of being poor
practicable adj that may be carried out
practical adj relating to practice
practise v i & t to put in practice
praying n the act of praying
preach v t & i to advocate to deliver sermon
precede v i to go before in time or rank
precious adj costly dear
precis n brief summary
precise adj exact
predicate n that is affirmed
pre existence n existing beforehand
preface n an introduction to a book v i to make introductory remarks
prefix n a particle placed before a word
pregnancy n state of being pregnant
prejudice n an unreasonable bias
premature adj done or happening too soon
prematurity n happening untimely
premier n chief
preparation n previous arrangement
prescription n medicine prescribed
preservation n act of keeping safe
preside v t to have control over
presidency n the office of a president
pressure n force compulsion
prestige n high reputation influence on account of past success
prevention n obstruction
priceless adj invaluable
pride n self esteem v t to take pride in
primitive adj ancient
principal adj main chief n head of a college
principle n a fundamental rule or truth
priority n precedence
prisoner n criminal one confined in a prison
privacy n seclusion
privilege n monopoly v t to bestow special right
probability n likelihood
probation n trial
probe v i to search into
procedure n manner of legal action
proceeding n course of action
process n summons writ method course state of going on

procession n a number of persons proceeding in orderly succession

proclamation n notice to the public
producer n generator
product n a result yield
production n the act of producing
professional adj pertaining to a profession
profitable adj useful
profound adj very deep mysterious
progress n improvement increse v t to advance to improve
progressive adj advancing
prohibition n the act of forbidding
project n a plan of purpose v t & i to plan
prologue n a preface
prominent adj famous
pronoun n a word used in place of a noun
pronounce v t & i to utter
proof n test evidence demonstration impression taken for correction
propagate v t to increase to spread
property n wealth attribute
prophet n a foreteller
proposal n a scheme
propose v t & i to offer to plan
proposition n a formal statement
proprietor n owner
propriety n fitness rightness good character
prose n non metrical form of speech v i to talk in prose
prosper v i to thrive
prosperity n flourishing state
prostitute n a harlot
protein n an albuminoid
prototype n a model
protrude v i & t to project to thrust out
provocation n act of provoking
provoke v t to excite
prudence n foresight wisdom
prudent adj wise foresighted
pseudo prefix false deceptive
pseudonym n a fictitious name
publication n the act of making known publicly
publicity n the state of being public
pun n a play o words v i to make use of puns
punctual adj exact as to time
punctuality n extreme exactness of time
punctuation n the act of dividing sentence by marking
punish v t to chastise
punishment n penalty imposed for an offence
purchase v t to buy n buying thing bought
purgatory a place of spiritual purification
purification n the act of purifying
puritan n a person professing strict purity
purpose n idea or aim v i to have an intimation
purposely adv intentionally
pursuance n following after
pursue v t to aim at to follow
puzzle n a riddle a difficult problem v t to bewilder
pyorrhoea n discharge of pus from the gums
pygmy n dwarf

Q
Q boat n a warship disguised as a merchant ship
quadrate v t to make square
quail n a small bird v t to fear to lose heart
qualification n thing that qualifies
qualified adj modified
qualify v t to modify
quality n rank virtue
qualmish adj affected with nausea
quantity n amount
quarrel n angry dispute v i to dispute to find fault with quarrelled p t &
p p quarrelling present participle
quarrelsome adj irritable
quarry n a place where stones are dug out v i to dig stones from quarry
quarterly adj adv & n once a quarter
quarto n a book consisting of sheets folded in four parts
quasi adv as if unreal
queenly adj like a queen
quell v i to suppress to quieten
quench v t to slake to satisfy thirst to put out fire
query n a question v t to doubt
quest n a search v i & t to make a search for
questionable adj doubtful
questioner n one who asks questions
questionnaire n list of questions drawn for gathering information
queue n a line of persons
quinine n a drug obtained from the cinchona tree
quit v t to leave to repay
quite adv altogether
quiver v t to shake
quiz v t to make fun of n a general knowledge test one given to quizzing

quorum n number required for a valid meeting

quota n part share
quotation n that which is quoted current price
quote v t to repeat words to refer to state price

R
rabbi n a jewish doctor of law
racial adj pertaining to race
rack n a frame for holding fodder v t to torture
radian n the angle at the centre of a circle
radiance n brilliant lustre
radiant adj shining
radium n a costly metal which emits rays
radiate v t & i to send forth rays
radiator n a kind of heating apparatus
rain n water falling in drops from cloud v i to rain
rainbow n a bow of seven colours
rainfall n shower of rain
rap n a smart blow v t to strike with blow
rape n sexual intercourse with a woman without her consent v t to ravish to take away by
force
rapid adj swift
rare adj uncommon
rational adj sensible
raze v t to erase
razor n an instrument used in shaving hair
reach v t & i to arrive at
reaction n action in response to something
readable adj able to be read
readily adv quickly easily
readjust v t to adjust again
readmit v t to admit again
readmission n state of being admitted again
realistic adj true to fact
reality n actual existence
reap v t & i to cut down crop
reappear v i to appear again
reappoint v t appoint again
reason n power of reasoning cause rational faculty argument v t to discuss
to argue to infer
reassure v t to give confidence to
rebellion n a revolt
reception n the act of receiving
recital n narration reading
recognize v t to identify
recognition n taking notice a formal acknowledgement
recognizable adj able to be recognized
recognizance n a legal bond
recommendation n statement meant to recommend
recovery n state of having recovered
recreation n enjoyment
recruit v t to enlist soldiers n newly recruited soldier
rectangle n a four sided right angled figure
rectify v t to refine
rectitude n honesty
recur v t to occur again to be repeated
reccurring adj coming again
reduce v t to bring down to lower to degrade
reduction n the act of reducing
reference n act of referring
referendum n the submitting of a proposed law to the electorate for decision
refinement n the act of refinement
reform n the act of improving
reformer n one who reforms
refrain n chorus of song v t & i to restrain
refreshing adj invigorating
refreshment n light food or drink
refuge n a shelter or safe place
refugee n one who takes refuge
refusal n a rejection
refuse n waste matter dross
refutable adj able to be refuted disprovable
regain v t to recover possession of to gain back
regard v t & i to esteem
regarding prep concerning
regime n time of government
regiment n a body of troops commanded by a colonel rule control
regional adj pertaining to regions
registered adj recorded in a register
regret v t to be sorry
regrettable adj to be regretted worthy of regret
regulate v t to control to adjust
rehearse v t to repeat
reign n a rule kingdom v i to rule as a king
rein n the strap of a bridle v t to check to control
reinforce v t to add strength to
reinstate v t to put back in the former state
reiterate v t to repeat again and again
rejection n refusal
rejoice v t to feel great joy
rejoin v t & i to join again
rejoinder n an answer to a reply
relate v t & i to tell to report
relaxation n act of relaxing partial remission
relevance n pertinence
relevant adj applicable
reliable adj able to be trusted
reliance n confidence
reluctant adj unwilling
remain v t to continue to stay behind
remark n observation v t & i to notice to say something
remember v t to keep in mind
rememberance n memory
remit v t to forgo to send money
remittance n money sent
remorse n regret
removable adj able to be removed
remove v t & i to move from a place to dismiss
renaissance n the revival of arts and literature
rencounter n encounter sudden conflict
render v t to give in return to submit
renew v t & i to repeat to make again
renewal n revival
renounce v t & i to reject to give up
renowned adj famous
renunciation n self denial
repair v t to mend
reparable adj able to be mended
repeatedly adj over and over again
repent v t to regret about
repentance n sorrow regret
repetition n act of repeating
reporter n one who makes a report
represent v t to show to describe to act for
reproduce v t to produce again to produce copy of
republic n a commonwealth government without monarch where power is with people and their
elected representatives
require v t to demand to want
requirement n demand
rescuer n one who rescues
research n a careful investigation
resemblance n similarity
resemble v t to be like or similar to
resembling adj similar
resent v t to take ill to be angry at
resentful adj irritable
resentment n anger
reservation n the act of reserving
residence n a place where one lives
resident n one who resides in a place
residential adj relating to residence
residue n remainder
residuum n that which is left
resign v t to give up office to surrender
resignation n the act of resigning
resist v t to oppose
resistance n opposition
respect n & v t to honour to esteem
respectable adj deserving respect
respectively adv relatively
respond v t to answer responded p t & p p
respondent n & adj answering
response n an answer
responsibility n the charge for which one is responsible
responsible adj answerable
restoration n restoring
restore v t to give back to build up again to renew
restrain v t to check to hinder
restraint n check
restriction n act of restricting
retail v t & i to sell in small quantities
retailer n one who retails
retain v t to hold back to engage
retaliation n revenge return
retard v t to hinder
retention n act of retaining
retina n sensitive layer of the eyes
retire v t to draw back to go to bed
retirement n privacy
retouch v t to improve by fine touches
retraceable adj able to be retraced
retract v t & i to revoke to draw back
retrench v i to lessen to curtail
retrievable adj recoverable
retrieve v t to recover to save to rescue
retrim v t to trim again
return v t & i to come back to give back n act of returning
official report
reveal v t to disclose
revenge n a retaliation v t to return injury for injury
revere v t to venerate
reverend n adj deserving reverence
reverse n defeat contrary condition adj opposite v t to invert
revertible adj able to be reverted
reviewer n a writer of reviews
revise v t to reexamine to amend faults
revivable adj what may be revived
revival n a recovery to life
revive v t & i to bring back to life to vigour
revocation n cancellation
revoke v t to cancel
revolt v t & i to rebel to feel disgust for
revolve v t to move about a centre to rotate
rewardless adj having no reward
rheum n discharge from the nose
rheumatism n a painful disorder of joints
rich adj costly wealthy fertile
riches n wealth
richness n wealth
rider n one who rides
ridiculous adj causing laughter
rifle corps n volunteers armed with rifles
rift n a cleft an opening v t to burst open
riftless adj without a rift
rifty adj having cracks
right adj correct lawful according to rule opposed to left straight
righteous adj upright honest just lawful
rigid adj stiff
rigidity n stiffness
ring n an ornament worn on the finger
rinse v t to clean in water
rinsing n washing
risky adj hazardous
rival n a competitor adj competing v t to emulate
roam v i to wander
roast v t to bake to cook on open fire
robe n a gown v t & i to dress with a robe
rock n a large mass of stone
rogue n a knave v t & i to cheat
roguish adj knavish mischievous villanous
romance n a love story
romantic adj marvellous
room n a space a separative division of a house
rot n decay v t & i to decay
rotary adj revolving
rotate v t & i to revolve to cause to revolve
rotation n the act of turning
rotten adj decayed
rough adj not smooth uncivil
roughen v t & i to make rough
roundish adj somewhat round
roundly adv completely boldly
route n road way
routine n a regular course of action
rowdy n disorderly person adj noisy
rubbish n waste matter trash
rumour n hearsay
rupee n a coin of India Indian currency
rustic adj of the country
rusticity n rustic manner
rusticate v t to banish from the institution
ruthless adj pitiless

S
sabbath n the divinely appointed day of rest
sabotage n intentional damage
sacred adj holy divine
sacrifice n an offering to God a loss v t & i to give up to resign to offer to God

sad adj sorrowful

safeguard n protection v t to guard
safety n freedom from danger security
saint n a sage a holy man
saleable adj fit for sale
salary n pay v t to pay a regular salary
sale n selling
salt n a substance formed by action of acid and base or metal adj v t to season with
salt
salvation n freedom from sin
salve n a healing ointment v t to rescue
sample n specimen model
sandwich n two slices of bread with any sort of food in between them
sane adj of sound mind
sanitary adj pertaining to health
sap n the vital juice circulating in plants
satellite n a planet revolving round another a hanger on
satire n irony sarcasm
Saturday n the seventh day of the week
Saturn n the name of a planet
sauce n liquid or dressing to food for taste
saucer n a small plate
saving adj protecting preserving
savings n something kept from being expended
saying n a proverb
scale n a thin layer v i to come off in scales
scandal n reproach shame calumny
scant n scarcity adj scarce adv scarely
scarce adj scanty in small quantity
scarcity n rarity famine
scarf n a piece of cloth worn round the neck
schedule n a list v t to place in list or catalogue
scheme n a system plan v t to plan
scholar n one who learns one who is learned
scholarship n learning a money allowance made to a student
s cientist n one who knows or practises science
scissors n a cutting instrument of two blades moving on a pin
scope n range that at which one aims
scorn n extreme disdain v t to hate
sea n the ocean
search n an examination v t & i to seek out to investigate
sculpture n work of an sculptor
secrecy n privacy
secret n a mystery adj hidden private concealed
secretariat n the office of a secretary
secretary n one who writes letters a government official
secular adj worldly
securable adj able to be secured
security n safety
seesaw n game in which two children sit and swing
seize v t to catch
seizure n a sudden attack
seldom adv rarely not often
self n a person s identity or private interest
selfish adj concerning only oneself
semi prefix in sense of half
semicolon n a mark of punctuation
sensibility n capacity to feel
sensible adj appreciable
sensitive adj easily moved
sensuality n gratification of appetites
sensuous adj derived from the senses
separable n & adj that can be separated
separate adj divided v t & i to divide
separation n disjoining
serene adj clear calm
sergeant n a noncommissioned officer in the army
serviceable adj useful
settlement n the act of settling
sever v t & i to separate
several adj separate
severe adj harsh strict
sex n the characteristics which distinguish a male from a female
sexual adj pertaining to sex
shade n a place sheltered from the sun v t to screen to shelter
shady adj dark gloomy
shake v t & i to move to vibrate
shallow adj not deep trivial
shampoo v t to wash and rub the head with lather
share n a portion an allotment v t to divide
sheep n a woolly animal
sheepish adj timid
sheer adj utter mere absolute
sheet n a broad piece of paper a sail
shiftiness n the state of being shifty
shield n armour for defence
shining adj brilliant
shipping adj relating to ships
shock n a collision a sudden jerk
shocking ad offensive
short adj having little height hasty adv suddenly
shortcoming n a fault
shortage n an insufficient supply
shorten v t to make short
shout v t to cry loudly n loud cry
shrewd adj keen witted cunning
shrinkable adj able to contract
shun v t to avoid
shut v t & i to confine to close to separate
sigh n long breath v t to mourn to grieve
sign n a symptom a gesture a distinctive work v t to mark with a sign

signature n person s name written by himself

significance n meaning importance
silence n stillness v t to make silent
silent adj calm quiet still
silliness n the quality of being silly
simile n a figure of speech
simplicity n innocence
sin n wickedness v i to commit sin
since adv prep & conj ago in the past time after through the period between past and present

sincere adj honest true

sincerity n
singular adj single rare remarkable
sir n a word used in addressing a master or elder
sire n a senior a master father ancestor a title
situate adj place
sketch n an outline v t to draw an outline
skin n hide rind v t to strip off the skin
skip v i to leap
slaughter n a killing v t to murder
slave n one who is held in bondage a helpless victim v i to work like a slave
slay v t to kill
sleep n slumber v i to slumber
slip n a mistake v t & i to glide to make a false step to err
slum n a dirty area
small n a slender part adj of little size and strength
smile n look of pleasure v i to laugh slightly
smoke n fog gases vapour v t & i to give forth smoke
smuggle v t to import or export goods without paying custom duties
snake n a serpent a slow lazy person
sneeze v t to eject air through the nose violently with an audible sound
snow n frozen vapour falling in white flakes v i to fall in snow
soap n a compound of fats and alkalies a washing substance v t to wash with soap

sociable adj friendly fit for company

solemn adj serious grave
solicit v t & i to try to obtain
solid adj whole compact
solidarity n joint liability
solitude n loneliness
soluble adj capable of being dissolved
solvable adj that may be solved
something n an unknown event
soon adv in a short time promptly
sorrow n grief regret v t to regret
sound adj healthy unhurt v t & i to fathom the depth of water
sound n that can be heard v t to utter aloud
soup n liquid food
sow n a female pig v t to spread seeds
sparable n a headless nail used by shoemakers
spare v t to save adj frugal thin
sparkle n a little spark v i to glitter
specific n & adj definite precise distinct a sure remedy
specification n a particular mention of anything
spectacle n show sight spectacles n
speech n the faculty of speaking
spendthrift adj person who wastes his money
spin v t & i to make thread by drawing out and twisting threads
spine n the back bone
spirit n the soul courage disposition energy
spiritual adj holy
sport n a game jest v t & i to trifle
sprinkling n the act of scattering in drops
sprout plant v t to grow
spurn v t to treat contemptuously
spy n secret agent one who watches secretly
squash n a crush v t to crush to reduce to pulp
squeezable adj able to be squeezed
squeeze v t & i to press to extort money
stable adj firmly fixed
stable n a building for lodging horses v t to keep in stable

stadium n an athletic ground

stage n a raised platform scene the dramatic art v t & i to play on the stage

stagnant n dull
stamina n strength
stammer v t to speak with hesitation
standardize v t to conform to standard
stark adj stiff adj quite
starting n departure
starvation n the act of starving
starve v t & i to cause to starve to die or die for want of food
stationary adj fixed
stationery n writing materials
statue n a cast image
stature n the natural height of the body
status n rank social position
stay n stop v t & i to remain to stop
steadfast adj firm
steadily adv firmly
steely adj made of steel
steep n a precipitous place adj sloping
stenography n short hand
sterile adj barren unfruitful
sterling adj genuine of solid worth n English coin
sterility n barrenness
sterilization n the act of sterilizing
stimulate v i to incite
stimulation n the act of exciting
stirring adj exciting
stitch n a single pass of needle in sewing v t to sew
stomach n an organ in which food is digested v t to suffer patiently
stone n piece of rock a gem a monumental tablet
stop n halt a pause v t to halt to pause
stoppage n obstruction
storey n the horizontal division of a building
story n legend tale short narrative
stout adj strong
straight adj honest not bent
straighten v t to make straight
straightforward adj frank honest
straightway adv at once
strained adj unnatural
strand n shore beach v t to drive ashore
stranger n a foreigner
strap n a long narrow strip usually of leather
strategy n military tactics
straw n dry corn stock
stream n a body of running water v t & i to flow in a stream
streamlet n a little stream
strength n power force vigour intensity
strengthen v t & i to make strong
stress n pressure strain force effort
stretch n extent v t to lengthen to extend
stretcher n an appliance for carrying a sick and disabled person
strike n refusal of workman to work till the grievance is removed
striking adj impressive
string n a fine cord
strive v i to try hard to struggle
structure n construction form
stubborn adj obstinate
studious adj thoughtful devoted to study
study n meditation careful reading v t & i to contemplate
stupid adj dull
stupidity n foolishness
sturdiness n the state of being sturdy
sturdy adj strong
stutterer n a stammerer
Style n manner manner of writing or speaking
subdivision n a subordinate department
subdue v t to conquer
subjugate v t to bring under control
sublet v t to underlet or lease to another person
sublime n majestic style adj noble exalted
submission n obedience to authority
submit v t & i to yield
subscribe v t & i to sign to assent
subsequent adj following after
subsidiary adj helping
subsidy n assistance aid in money
substance n the essential part
substantial adj essential real material
substitute v t to put in other s place n person or thing doing the work of
another
subvention n support
subversion n ruin
succeed v t & i to be successful to follow after
success n a favourable result
succession n relation line
successor n one who succeeds
such adj of the same kind similar
sudden adj happening unexpectedly
suffer v t & i to endure
suffering n distress
suffice v t & i to be enough
sufficiency n ability capacity
sufficient adj adequate
suffix n a letter or syllable appended to a word
suicide n death by one s own hand
suit n a petition
suitability n suitableness
Sum n total a question v t to total
summarize v t to present briefly
summary n a short concise statement adj brief
sunny adj bright cheerful
superhuman beyond human power
superintendence n management
superintendent n an overseer
superior adj higher in place
superiority n pre eminence
superlative adj supreme
supersede v t to override
superstition n false religion
supervise v t to watch and direct the work
supplement n addition v t to add
supplementary adj additional
suppose v t & i to think to imagine
supremacy n highest authority
supreme adj highest in authority
sur over
surcharge n over charge v t to over charge
surely adv certainly
surgeon n expert in surgery
surgery n the science and art of a surgeon
surmount v t to conquer
surname n one s family name
surplus n a quantity which exceeds beyond what is wanted
surprising adj exciting wonder
surroundings n circumstances
surveillance n inspection
survive v t to continue to live
suspicion n mistrust doubt
suspicious adj doubtful
sustain v t to support
sweat n toil labour perspiration v i to labour to perspire
sweep n act of sweeping v t & i to clear with a brush
swell n increase v t & i to become larger to increase to expand
swift adj active quick
swim v t & i to move on water by the movements of limbs
sword n a keen edged cutting weapon
symbol n a sign
symbolize v t to represent by symbol
symmetry n right proportion of parts
sympathetic adj having common feeling with another
sympathy n compassion
symptom n indication
synonym n a word having the same meaning and signification as another
synopsis n a summary
syrup n a saturated solution of sugar the juice of fruits boiled with sugar
systematic adj methodical
syntax n the grammatical and due arrangement of words in a sentence
synthesis n a building up
syringe n a pipe furnished with a piston v t to spray with a syringe

T
tab n a tag
tabby adj of different colours
table n a flat smooth surface a flat surface supported on legs v t to form into a list

tablet n a small table pills of medicine

taboo n something prohibited v t to prohibit by authority
tackle n an appliance for lifting or lowering heavy weights v t to
seize
tact n adroitness cleverness
tactics n manner of proceeding
tale n a story
talent n high mental ability
talkative adj loquacious
tamper v t & i to meddle
tamperer n one who tampers
tangle n complication v t to knit together confusedly
tape n a narrow band v t to bind with tape
tardiness n sluggishness
tax n a charge made by government on property v t to impose a tax
taxation n the act of taxing
taxi n a motor car plying on hire
teaching n instruction
tearless adj without tars easy
technique n mechanical art or skill
technology n the science of industrial arts
tedious adj wearisome irksome
temper n temperament passion
temperance n self restraint
tempest n tumult a violent storm
temporary adj lasting for a short time only
tempt v t to try to allure
tenacity n obstinacy
tenant n one who occupies a house on rent
tendency n direction
tenor n a course direction
tension n state of being stretched
tentative adj made or done as an experiment
terminate v t & i to put to end
terrible adj frightful
terrify v t to alarm to frighten
territory n a region
testament n a will
textual adj pertaining to text
texture n tissue a web
thankless adj ungrateful
thanks n an expression of gratitude
theft n stealing a thing
theist n a believer in existence of God
theme n topic subject
therefore adv
thermometer n an instrument for measuring temperature
thesis n an essay
thief n one who steals
thirst n desire for drink v i to have desire for drink
thither adv to that place
thoroughfare n a public road
though adv & conj notwithstanding
thousand n the number of ten hundred
threat n declaration of an intention to punish
threaten v t to menace
thrice adv three times
thrift n frugality
throat n the gullet
through prep from one end to the other
throughout adv & prep in every part
Thursday n the fifth day of week
tighten v t to draw tight
timely adj & adv early
timid adj fearful
title n a name of distinction
toady n a mean flatterer v t to flatter meanly
tobacco n a plant whose leaves are used in eating and chewing
toe n a digit of the foot
tolerance n patience
toil n hard labour v i to labour
tolerable adj endurable
tomorrow n & adv the following day
tongue n the organ of speech taste and language
tonsil n one of the two glands at the root of the tongue
tooth n the hard substance in the jaws used for chewing v t to indent
topaz n a gem
torpedo n a submarine weapon
tortoise n a kind of turtle
torture n extreme pain of mind or body v t to vex to inflict pain
totality n the whole sum
touching adj moving
tough adj strong hard difficult to break
tourist n one who travels for sightseeing
towel n a cloth used for drying the body
traceable adj that may be traced
tradition n unwritten body of beliefs
traditional adj according to old custom or practice
training n act of educating
traitor n a deceiver
traitorous adj guilty of treason
transferable adj negotiable that which can be transferred
transform v t to change the form
transformation n change from one form to another
transition n a change from one place to another
travel v t to go from one place to another
travelling n a journey
treacherous adj violating not to be trusted
treachery n breach of trust
treasure n great wealth v t to store up
treasury n place where treasure is kept
treaty n signed contract agreement
tremble v i to shake
tribute n praise acknowledgement gift
trifle n a thing of small value v t to waste time
trifling adj of little value
trim adj neat v t & i to decorate
triple adj threefold
triplicate adj made three at a time v i to make three copies
triumph n a great victory v t to gain a victory
trivial adj of little worth
troublesome adj annoying
trustworthy adj reliable
tuberculosis n consumption
Tuesday n the third day of the week
tuitional adj pertaining to tuition
tumidity n the state of being swollen
tumour n morbid growth or swelling
turbine n a water wheel
tutor n private teacher
tutorial adj pertaining to teaching
twain n two a pair adv twice
twelve n & adj two and ten
twelfth adj next in order of eleventh
twentieth adj the ordinal of twenty
twenty n & adj twice ten
twice adv two times
twin n one of two born at the same time
twinkle v i to shine with spark light
twofold adj double
tying n knot string ribbon
type n symbol specimen letter used in printing
typhoid n & adj a type of fever
typical adj symbolical
tyranny n severity
tyrant n an oppressive ruler
tyre tire n a band of iron or rubber which encircles a wheel
tyro n beginner

U
udal n a free hold state
udder n one of the mammary gland of animals
ugly adj not good looking hateful
ulcer n a painful sore from which matter flows
ultimate adj farthest last
ultra in the sense of beyond
un pfx used before nouns pronouns adjectives signifying a negative meaning
unanimous adj agreeing
unaware adj ignorant
unclose v t to open
unclothe v t to make naked
undergo v t to bear to endure
underrate v t to value below the true worth
understand v t & i to know the meaning of
undertake v t & i to attempt to take upon oneself to be bound

undo v t to ruin to repeal

undoing n ruin
uneven adj odd not smooth
unfair adj unjust
unfold v t to disclose
uniform adj distinctive dress regular
uniformity n similiarity
unimportant adj not important unessential
unique adj without an equal
unite v t & i to join together
unity n the state of being one
universality n the state of being universal
unmoved adj calm firm
unrest n uneasiness
until prep & conj till such time
unto prep to
unwell adj indisposed
up adv aloft on high
uphold v t to devote to support to approve or confirm
uplift v t to raise to exalt
upon prep on the surface of
upset v t to disturb to overthrow
urgent adj important
use n profit custom utility employment using v t &i to employ for a
purpose to be accustomed to consume
usual adj common
usually adj ordinarily
utter adj complete total v t to speak to pronounce
utterance n the act of uttering

V
vacancy n the state of being vacant
vacant adj empty
vacation n the period of rest
vacationist n one who enjoys holiday
vaccination n injection
vaccinator n one who vaccinates
vacuum n empty space
vagabond n one who wanders adj wandering
vague adj uncertain
vain adj empty showy
valid adj legal strong
validity n justness
valuable adj costly
valuation n the act of valuing
value n worth importance v t to estimate
vanish v i to pass away to disappear
vanishing adj passing from sight
vanity n empty pride
vapour n gas steam
variable adj fickle changeable
variety n change difference
various adj different
vary v t & i to make different to diversify to express variously to alter

vegetable n a plant used for food

vegetarian n one who eats only vegetable
valiantly adv bravely
vehicle n a carriage medium
veil n a curtain v t to hide
vender vendor n one who sells
venerable adj worthy of reverence
venerate v to pay great respect to revere
ventilator n a contrivance to let in fresh air
venture n chance risk v t & i to dare to a risk
venturous adj bold
verbose adj containing too many words
verbosity n the quality of being verbose
verse n a line of poetry
version n translation account
via n a way by way of
vertical adj upright perpendicular
veteran n old and of long experience adj
veto n an authoritative prohibition the power of prohibiting v t to forbid

vex v t to annoy to tease to harass to distress

vibration n oscillation quivering
vice n fault evil practice prefix in place of
vicious adj corrupt wicked
viciousness n wickedness
victim n a sufferer
victor n a conqueror one who wins in a contest
victory n triumph conquest
vigour n strength force
vigorous adj strong energetic
villain n a very wicked person
vim n energy
vindicate v t to defend to support to justify
vindication n defence justification
vine n the creeper which bears grapes
vineyard n plantation of vine
violate v t to use violence to break
violation n act of violating
violence n injury outrage
violet n a plant with purple flowers adj dark blue
virgin n a maiden adj maidenly pure chaste
virtue n moral worth excellence chastity
virtuous adj morally good
vision n sight dream imagination
visitor n one who visits
vital adj essential affecting life animated
vitality n principle of life
vitalize v t to put life into
vitamin n any of numerous organic substances accessory food factors present in nutritive foods
and essential for the health of animal organism
viva voce adv orally by word of mouth
vivid adj full of life lively active clear
viz n contraction of videlicet that is namely
vocabulary n a collection of words arranged in alphabetical order and en plained dictionary

vocal adj relating to voice

vocation n calling in life profession
volume n a book space occupied size bulk
voluminous adj consisting of many volumes lengthy bulky
voluntary adj of one s own free will spontanecus
volunteer n one who oins to serve with one s free will v t to offer oneself

vomit n to throw up from the stomach v i &i

votary n one devoted to any cause or vow
vowel n a letter which can be sounded by itself
voyage n a long journey by water
vulgar adj mean low
vulgarity n vulgar manner
vulnerable adj able to be damaged
vulture n a large bird of prey

W
wabble v t to wobble to move to and fro
wafer n a small thin sweet cake
wages n sum paid for work done
wagon n a railway truck
wail v i to lament n lament
waist n part of the human body between ribs and hips
waistcoat n a short tight sleeveless coat
wait v t & i to stay
waiter n a servant
wake v t & i to arouse
walk n manner of walking v i to go on foot
wander v i to roam
wanderer n a walker
want n need poverty v t & i to need
wantage n deficiency
wanton adj playful irresponsible wild
warden n a guardian
wardrobe n a cupboard where clothes are kept
warfare n engaging in war armed contest
warm adj ardent zealous earnest
warmth adj zeal
warning n caution
warrior n a champion a fighter
washable adj able to be washed
washerman n one who washes clothes
wasp n a stinging winged insect
wastage n loss by waste
waste n spoil refuse adj useless wild v t & i to damage to spoil

waterman n a boat man

waterproof n & adj impervious to water
watt n an electrical unit of power
wave n a vibration of water v t & i to make wave
wavy adj full of waves
wax n sealing wax honey v t & i to rub with wax
we pron
weakly adj infirm
weakness n feebleness
wealthy adj rich
weapon n an instrument of offence or defence
weather n the state of atmosphere v t to expose to the air
web n that which is woven
wedding n marriage
wedlock n marriage
week n a period of seven days
weekly n adj & adv happening once a week
weep v i to lament
weeping n lamentation
weigh v t & i to measure
weight n heaviness burden v t to load with a weight
welcome adj received with gladness v t to receive with gladness
welfare n well being
westward adv towards the west
wheat n a plant with edible seeds
wheel n circular frame v i to revolve
whence adv from what place
whenever adv at whatever time
whensoever adv at whatever time
whipping n the act of beating with whip
whispering n speaking secretly
white n anything white adj pure spotless of the colour of snow v t to make
white
whitewash n & v t to put whitewash on
whither adv to what or which place
whole adj complete entire n complete thing
wholesale n sale of goods in large quantities adj in large quantities
wholly adv entirely
width n extent from one side to the other
widow n a woman whose husband is dead
widower n a man whose wife is dead
wild adj savage untamed
wilful adj obstinate
will n wish the faculty of deciding v t to order to resolve
window n an opening in a wall to admit air and light
wireless n communication through electromagnetic waves without wire
wisdom n prudence
wishful adj desirous
witch n a woman having magical power v t to enchant
withdraw v t & i to retire
withdrawal n act of withdrawing
withhold v t & i to hold back to stay back
witness n testimony v t & i to attest
woeful adj sorrowful
wolf n a wild animal
womanhood n the state of being a woman
wonder n a miracle v t to marvel
wonderful adj strange
work n labour effort employment
workmanship n skill quality
worry n anxiety v t to trouble to harass
worship n devotion reverence v t to adore
worshipper n a devotee
worth n value merit
worthwhile adj suitable
worthless adj of no value
wound n injury hurt by cut v t to injure to inflict wound on
wounded adj iniured
wrap v t to cover to fold together
wreath n garland
wrestle v t & i to struggle
wrestling n a struggle
wrinkle n slight ridge on surface v i to become wrinkled
writ n a writing legal documents
wrong n harm an injury adj not right v t to treat unjustly

X
X rays the invisible rays emitted by an electric current by means of which the interior of solids are
photographed
xylography n art of engraving on wood

Y
yean v t to bring forth young
year n time of twelve months
yearn v t to have an eager desire of
yeast n the froth consisting of fungi used in making beer
yellowish adj somewhat yellow
yester adj last
yesterday n the day before today
yet adv still besides afterall
yielding adj giving way inclined to submit
yoke n frame of wood placed on oxen subject bond
young adj not yet old not far advanced inexperienced
youngster n a lad a young boy
youthful adj young

Z
zealous adj fervent
zest n a relish flavour v t to give relish to
zigzag n something that has a sharp turn v i to turn smartly
zink n a white metal
zoo n a zoological garden
zoology n the science of animal life
Some Difficult Words Commonly Misspelt
LETTER WRITING
 Top right margin
Mohalla Maharam
Shahdara Delhi

How to start a letter

salutations

•
My dear father papa uncle
Dear aunt mother mummy
•
My dear Umesh
Dear Renu
My dear son
My dear daughter Sapna
•
My dear brother sister
My dear sister Pushpa
My dear Anand
My dear friend Anand
•
Sir
Dear Sirs
Dear Mr Ramesh
Body of the letter

• Reference
I have just received your letter
• Message
Meet Mr Gajraj and give him the money
• End
Please give my best regards love wishes to
How to close a letter
subscription
subscription
•
Affectionately yours
Yours affectionately
Your affectionate son daughter nephew niece
•
Affectionately yours
Yours affectionately
Your affectionate father uncle mother auntie
•
Sincerely yours
Yours sincerely
Yours very sincerely
•
Yours faithfully
•
Your loving brother
Your loving sister
P S Post Script
 Letters of Greetings

I was pleasantly surprised to know

Please accept my heartiest greetings on the eve of
Please accept my best wishes on this happy occasion
My wife and kids join me in expressing our warmest greetings on the occasion of

May this occasion bring you all happiness and prosperity

May every day of your future be as pleasant and auspicious as this day
May God grant you every success in the coming years
I wish this day to be as happy and gay as lily in May

I would have joined you so happily in the celebrations but for my visit on urgent official business
I regret my absence on this happy day owing to my illness
How eager I am to be with you but my family occupation prevents me from doing so

But you will soon receive a gift as a token of my affection for you on this happy occasion
I hope you like the small gift bouquet I sent to you today to convey my warm feelings

Once again I convey my sincerest greetings on this auspicious occasion

Wishing you all the best in life
Looking forward to hearing more from you
Sample Letter

My dear
Please accept my heartiest greetings on your birthday May this occasion bring you perfect happiness
and prosperity in the coming years I regret my absence on this happy day owing to my illness But
you will soon receive a gift as a token of my affection for you on this happy occasion
Yours sincerely
Letters of Congratulations

I am so happy to know
We are thrilled to hear from our mutual friend
My heart is filled with joy to learn about
My happiness knew no bound the other day when I came to know about
I was beside myself with joy the other day when I came to know about

Please accept my heartiest congratulations on

My wife joins me in congratulating you your son on your your son s grand success
It is really a splendid achievement and we are all proud of you
I am delighted to learn that you have realized your cherished ambition

Your grand success will make you bask in the glory of good fortune all through your life
May God continue to grant you similar successes all through your life
I am sure you would bring great laurels to your profession and the organization you joined
Having attained a firm footing in your life I am sure you would go very far on the path of
achievements

Do you plan to celebrate the occasion

When are you intending to join
 Do you plan to go abroad for higher studies

Once again I congratulate you on your well deserved success

Your success is a fitting reward of your merit painstaking labour
God has duly rewarded your sincere efforts
Accept once again my felicitations on this grand occasion
Sample Letter

My dear
I was beside myself with joy the other day when I came to know about your topping the list of the
successful candidates in the Civil Services Examination It is really a splendid achievement and we are all
proud of you May God continue to grant you similar successes all through your life Do you plan to
celebrate the occasion Your success is a fitting reward of your merit painstaking labour
Yours sincerely
Letters of Sympathy

I am extremely sorry to hear of the fire that ravaged your factory on th Sept
I was much distressed to learn about the theft committed in your house last Monday
I was extremely worried to know about your illness the other day by our mutual friend
It was with profound shock that I learnt about your car accident from the newspaper
I was quite disturbed to know about your supercession in service
It was with great sadness that I learnt from the newspaper about your failure in the examination

However it is a matter of great relief that the damage caused was not major
At the same time I am quite relieved to know that the loss is not much
But I am sure the regular treatment will make you get rid of it in no time
But I feel greatly relieved to know that you are physically safe
Do not worry if you could not get your promotion this time you may get it next year
Success and failure are a part of life and should be taken in stride

Do not get upset about it as I am told it was insured

I am glad that the police is hotly pursuing the case with some useful clues
Take full rest and follow the doctor s instruction You will get well soon
Success or failure are a matter of luck Do not lose your heart and work hard with redoubled vigour
Success shall be yours

I know some important personnel in the Insurance company I will speak to them
Please do not hesitate in asking any financial help from me in case you need
Why do not you come to my place for the convalescence We ll have good time
Henceforth be careful in driving and also get your car brakes thoroughly checked
Sincere efforts always bring reward so continue trying

You have all my sympathies on this unfortunate incident

I feel greatly concerned about your loss
Please convey my heart felt sympathies to your entire family
May you recover speedily
May God grant you your well deserved success next time
Sample Letter

My dear
I was extremely sorry to hear of the fire that ravaged your factory on th Sept However it is a matter
of great relief that the damage caused was not major Do not get upset about it as I am told it was insured
I know some important personnel in the Insurance company I will speak to them You have all my
sympathies on this unfortunate incident
Yours sincerely
Letters of Regret
 Thanks a lot for your kind invitation to attend
I was extremely happy to receive your letter of invitation to attend
It was so kind of you to have remembered me on the occasion of
It was an honour to have received your courteous invitation letter

I would have been so much delighted to be with you but

I was thrilled to receive your invitation and was looking forward to meeting you all but owing to

I regret to inform you that in spite of my ardent wish I would not be able to make it for reasons
beyond my control
We were all very keen to participate in but
I have much pleasure in accepting your invitation but deeply regret having to refuse owing to a
previous engagement

Unfortunately I am not well

Owing to my urgent business trip abroad I would not be able to attend it
but I am preoccupied with the arrival of guests on the same dates
but I am going out on the same dates to attend my sister s wedding

Nevertheless I convey my heartiest good wishes for the happy occasion

All the same let me congratulate you most heartily on this happy event of your life
My family joins me in wishing you all the best
Best wishes for this grand event of your life

How I wish I would have reached there I hope you would appreciate my position
I do hope you would accept my sincere apologies for my absence
You can t imagine how perturbed I am at not being able to make it
I sincerely regret the disappointment I am causing to you
Sample Letter

My dear
It was an honour to have recieved your courteous invitation letter I would have been so much
delighted to be with you but unfortunately I am not well I sincerely regret the disappointment I am
causing to you Nevertheless I convey my heartiest good wishes for the happy occasion
Sincerely yours
Leave Applications

Respectfully I beg to state that I have been suffering from fever since
With due respect I wish to bring to your kind notice that my niece is getting married on
I submit that I have to attend an interview at on
I have to state that I am having a very important work to do on

Therefore I request you to grant me leave for days

Hence you are requested to grant me leave of absence for
I therefore request you to grant me leave for to enable me to attend to this work

I shall be highly grateful

I shall be much obliged to you
Sample Letter

Sir
Respectfully I beg to state that I have been suffering from fever since last night Therefore I request
you to grant me leave for three days I shall be much obliged to you
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Letters of Thanks
 I thank you from the core of my heart for your letter sending me the gift etc
I express my profound gratitude for your having cared to remember me send me the beautiful gift
etc
It was very kind of you to have
Thanks a lot for your letter beautiful gift etc Indeed I am grateful

Your letter gift is the most precious possession that I have

Your sentiments expressed through the letter gift has really boosted my morale
Your letter gift has really strengthened our bonds of affection
The exquisite gift warm feelingful letter was most befitting the occasion

Thank you once again for your kind letter gift

Very any thanks for caring to remember me
Thanks a lot for the letter gift although your personal presence would have made quite a
difference
Thanks again We are looking forward to meeting you soon
Sample Letter

My dear
I thank you from the core of my heart for your letter sending me the gift Your letter gift is the most
precious possession that I have Very many thanks for caring to remember me
Yours sincerely
Letters of Condolence

It was with deep regret that we learnt the shocking news of the passing away of
I was greatly saddened to know about from the newspaper telephone call letter
I was rudely shocked to know about the sudden demise from
I was deeply distressed to learn about the sudden demise of

He was such a lovable person

In his death in the prime of life God has snatched a bright jewel from our midst
His sociable nature and cultural refinement would keep him alive in the hearts of his admirers
His death has caused a grievous loss not only to your family but to all of us
He was a source of strength and inspiration to many of his fellowbeings
His remarkable achievements would transcend his memory beyond his physical death
Some of his pioneering work will go a long way to benefit many future generations

Please accept my sincerest condolences on this sad occasion

May God grant you enough courage and forbearance to withstand this shock
May his soul rest in peace in heaven and guide you for years to come
We express our most sincere sympathy to you in your great bereavement
We hope that the tree he has planted thrives well to provide protection to his family
Sample Letter
My dear
It was with deep regret that we learnt the shocking news of the passing away of your father His death
has caused a grievous loss not only to your family but to all of us We express our sincerest sympathy to
you in your great bereavement May God grant you enough courage and forbearance to withstand this
shock
Yours sincerely
Love Letters

Your loving letter this morning has come like a ray of sun shine
 Your sweet letter has enveloped me in the sweet fragrance of our love
Your letter has flooded me with sheer happiness
Your affectionate letter has dispelled the depression that surrounded me earlier

Everything is fine here except that I miss you so badly

Has our little daughter write her name recovered from flu
Nights really seem unending in your absence
Is all well at home

I am longing dying to meet you

Once again I must tell you how deeply do I love you
Write back soon as your letters provide me a great emotional support
I am counting the days when I will meet you

You are the sweetest dream of my life

Your memory keeps me radiant
I am desperately waiting to meet you my sweetheart
You are the greatest thing that happened to my life
Sample Letter

Dearest
Your sweet letter has enveloped me in the sweet fragrance of our love Everything is fine here except
that I miss you so badly Write back soon as your letters provide me a great emotional support You
are the greatest thing that happened to my life
Love
Yours ever
Letters of Invitation

It is with great pleasure that I inform you that l am myson is getting engaged on th February
at Taj Palace s Crystal Room at p m
This is to bring to your kind notice that
Most respectfully I inform you that
I am pleased to inform you that

I request you to kindly come with your family to grace the occasion
I would be delighted if you could spare some time from your busy schedule to attend the above
mentioned function celebration
It would be a great pleasure to have you among the guests
Please do come with your family at the appointed place and time

You know how important is your presence on this occasion for us So please do come
I am sure you would not disappoint us
I would be greatly honoured if you could come on this occasion
My whole family is very eagerly awaiting your arrival
Sample Letter

My dear
It is with great pleasure I inform you that my son is getting engaged on th Feb at Taj Palace s
Crystal Room at p m I request you to kindly come with your family to grace the occasion My whole
family is very eagerly awaiting your arrival
Yours sincerely

Letters and Applications on Educational Matters

This is to bring to your kind notice that I am leaving the town and I want to have my son s transfer
certificate from your reputed school college etc
 I have been watching my son s studies and find him to be still quite weak in mathematics
I am deeply pained to learn from my son about the callous attitude of some of the teachers towards
the students
Since my daughter a student of your school class wishes to compete for the science talent
competition I should be grateful if you could issue the relevant certificates

Kindly arrange to issue the certificate at your earliest Thank you

I would be grateful if some special attention is given to my son
You are requested to send the relevant certificates by give date
I again request to get the needful done at your end
Sample Letter

Dear Sir or Madam

Since my daughter Neeta a student of Class XI in your school wishes to compete for the science talent
competition I should be grateful if you could issue relevant certificates I again request you to get the
needful done at your end
Yours sincerely

Replies to Matrimonial Advertisements

In response to your matrimonial advertisement published in the newspaper s name and date I
furnish hereunder the relevant particulars about my daughter son
This is in reference to your matrimonial advertisement published in name of the newspaper
on date that I give below the details of my daughter son and my family
I have seen your recent advertisement for a suitable bridegroom bride for your daughter son and
would like to furnish the following particulars about myself my son

Name age education appearance and earnings

Brothers sisters and their description
Parents and their description
Caste sub caste or community details

In case you are interested please send to me more details about the boy girl along with his her one
recent photograph
If you require more information I would be pleased to furnish it
If you have belief in astrology we will send the horoscope also
Since we want marriage at the earliest a prompt reply will be highly appreciated
Sample Letter
Dear Sir
In response to your matrimonial advertisement published in The Hindustan Times on th Sept I
furnish here the relevant particulars of my daughter give the relevant details If you have belief in
astrology we will send the horoscope also Since we want marriage at the earliest a prompt reply will be
highly appreciated
Yours sincerely

Letter to the responses received from Matrimonial Ads

I was delighted to receive your letter in response to our ad in the newspaper

Received your letter soliciting further enquiry into our likely matrimonial alliance

My sister is a post graduate in Economics from Allahabad University

At present my daughter is teaching in Cannosa convent school
Enclosed photograph is a recent shot of name my sister

Should you have any further query I would be most willing to satisfy it When is Amit coming for
 holidays
I hope this satisfies your query Kindly care to send a recently shot photograph of Amit too
If you need ask anything still we can meet at Lodhi Hotel between th to th instt where I shall be
staying during my next visit to Delhi

Hope to see our proposal to fruition soon

Expecting to hear from you soon
Looking forward to our coming meeting
Sample Letter

Dear Mr
I was delighted to receive your letter in reply to our ad in the newspaper At present my daughter is
teaching in Cannosa convent school I hope this satisfies your query Kindly care to send a recently shot
photograph of Amit too Looking forward to our coming meeting
Yours truly

Family Letters Between Equals

It was indeed a great pleasure to receive your letter

I received your letter and was delighted to go through its contents
Received your letter after ages
So at long last you cared to remember me

Of late I have not been keeping in good health

Father is now better but his movements are somewhat restricted
After the cataract operation mother s eyesight has improved considerably
Pappoo secured marks and IVth rank in his annual exams
The other day my wife met your cousin at Sheela s marriage

What about your tea addiction still going cups strong a day
How are you getting along in your new affair Any help needed
Are you really so busy as not to be able to correspond frequently
When are you going to marry in old age

Hoping to meet you in the Dussera vacation

I hope you would be coming over to this side at Rahul s marriage Then we will meet
Sample Letter

Dear Ramesh
So at long last you cared to remember me Of late I have not been keeping in good health What
about your tea addiction still going cups strong a day I hope you would be coming over to this side at
Rahul s marriage Then we will meet
With loving regards
Yours affectionately

Family Letters From Elder to Younger

I was happy to receive your letter the other day

It is surprising that since last one month you haven t cared to drop even a single letter to us
The photographs sent by you are really marvellous We were delighted to see them
Mr Saxena met me yesterday and told me about his meeting you on th instant

Ramesh s competitive exams would start from st Oct

Your Sushma auntie expired on September last She was unwell for some time
Since Reeta s marriage has been fixed on th January I expect you to be here at least a week
 earlier to help me in the arrangements
Your nephew Bittoo is unhappy as you did nt send him the promised watch

How are you doing in your new assignment Is it really taxing Hope it is exciting
I hope you are taking proper care of your health
Tell Asha that I miss the delicious dosas prepared by her
How is Pintoo in his studies

I hope you would be punctual in your letter writing to us and would come on Dussera
Be careful about your health in this rainy season and continue writing letters
Apply for your leave well in advance so that you are in time for Reeta s marriage
More when we meet
Sample Letter

My dear Ram
It is surprising that since last one month you haven t cared to drop even a single letter to us Since
Reeta s marriage has been fixed on th January I expect you to be here at least a week earlier to help me in
the arrangements I hope you are taking proper care of your health More when we meet
With love
Yours affectionately

Family Letters From Younger to Elder

I was very happy to receive your letter after a long while

I was thrilled to receive the sweets sent by mummy through Mrs Jindal
Have you people completely forgotten me No letters
I am writing this letter to ask you to send Rs for my fees at your earliest

You will be glad to know that I have been selected in the debating group going to U S A for one
month
This year owing to extra classes in Dussera holidays I won t be able to come
Tell Mohan Dada that I need a tennis racket as I have been selected in the college Tennis team
Asha wants to go to her parents place at Diwali She will go only if you permit

Is Mummy O K How is her arthritis

I hope your blood pressure must now be under control
Has Sarla auntie returned from Hardwar
Would Munna be going to watch the cricket test match at Kotla ground

I hope to come for days in Christmas vacation

I might come there during this month for a day
Hope to talk to you over phone when I go to chacha ji s place
More when we meet
Sample Letter

Respected Brother
I was very happy to receive your letter after a long while You will be glad to know that I have been
selected in the debating group going to U S A for one month Is Mummy O K How is her arthritis More
when we meet
With regards to elders and love to youngers
Yours affectionately

Letters supplementing the queries arising out of your receiving of the

Appointment Interview Letters

I was glad to receive your query in response to my application

 Delighted to receive the questionnaire sent by your office
Extremely pleased to get a favourable response from your side

But your letter does not mention anything about the T A I am entitled to receive for travelling to
attend the interview
There appears to be some discrepancy between the grade given in the ad and the one given in your
letter
Owing to my illness I won t be able to attend the interview on the scheduled date Could I get a date
fifteen days later than the scheduled one

Avidly awaiting the interview date answer to my query

Looking forward to a bright future in your esteemed organisation
I hope you would kindly care to send the required clarifications on the mentioned points to enable
me to attend the interview or join the concern
Sample Letter

Sir
I was glad to receive your query in response to my application But your letter does not mention
anything about the travelling allowance I am entitled to receive for travelling to attend the interview
Avidly awaiting the interview date
Yours faithfully
Job Applications

I have come to know through some reliable sources that you have a vacancy for the post of in
your renowned organisation
I come to know from your advertisement published in the Hindustan Times on that you have
vacancy for the post of in your esteemed organisation
Being given to understand by your advertisement in

Since I meet all the required qualifications and experience conditions I wish to offer my candidature
for the same and supply hereunder my details relevant to the job
In response to the aforementioned advertisement I wish to offer my candidature for the same and
supply hereunder my particulars relevant to the job
As I possess the requisite qualification so I beg to offer my services for the same

I assure you sir that if selected I shall do my work most conscientiously

In case you select me I assure you that I will do my work very sincerely
If given the appointment I am sure I will prove an asset for your organisation
If you favour me with an appointment I shall do my best to work to the entire satisfaction of my
superiors

Name Address Date of Birth Educational qualification Experience Extra curricular activities etc
Sample Application

Sir
I came to know from your advertisement published in the Hindustan Times of th August that you
have a vacancy for the post of Administrative Officer in your esteemed organisation Since I meet all the
required qualifications and experience conditions I wish to offer my candidature for the same and supply
hereunder my details relevant to the job I assure you sir that if selected I shall do my work most
conscientiously

Yours faithfully
Letters of Complaints
 It is with great agony that I wish to bring to your kind notice the callousness shown by some
employee of your Deptt
I am pained to draw your attention to the following lapse committed by your men

For the last fifteen days mention the cause and in spite of my several reminders no action has
been taken by your men
In spite of my repeated oral complaints and your department s oral assurances no concrete action
has been taken yet to solve this problem
It is indeed sad that your department has turned a deaf ear to our written complaint followed by
several reminders

It is really surprising that such an efficient department as that of yours is not heeding to our
complaints Please get the needful done without any further loss of time
It is difficult to believe that such thing should have happened under your efficient control Please
get the needful done at the earliest
I can hardly believe that a department like yours which is reputed for its efficiency should be taking
so much time in doing the needful

I am quite hopeful that you will take a prompt action and oblige
I feel confident of receiving a favourable and helpful reply
Sample Letter

Dear Sir
It is with great agony that I wish to bring to your kind notice the callousness shown by your Deptt s
personnel For the last fifteen days my phone is lying dead and in spite of several reminders no action has
yet been taken by your men It is really surprising that such an efficient Deptt as that of yours is not
heeding to our complaints Please get the needful done without any further loss of time
Yours faithfully

Letters of Enquiry regarding Hotel Accommodation

I shall be coming by the Delhi Express and arrive at your hotel around AM
I want you to book an A C room for me from th Oct to th both inclusive
Book a single bedded and sea facing room in your hotel betweem th Oct to th Oct from your
time of check in and check out

Please collect all my mail reaching your hotel before my arrival on th Oct morning
Please make sure I get an air conditioned room
Please arrange a taxi to take me out around A M the same day i e th October

I am sure this visit shall also be as comfortable as it was the last time
You are an added attraction for me to visit your city
Looking forward to a comfortable stay in your hotel
Sample Letter

Maurya Sheraton
New Delhi

Dear Sirs
I want to book an A C room for me from th to th Oct both inclusive Please collect all my mail
reaching your hotel before my arrival on th Oct morning Please arrange a taxi to take me out around
A M the same day i e th October
Looking forward to a comfortable stay in your hotel
Yours truly
Letters to Banks
 I have recently moved into this town and opened a general store at the address given above On the
recommendation of my friend Vijay I wish to open a current account with your bank
I have been recently posted to from I am interested in opening a savings account in your
bank
With the approach of Diwali we expect a big increase in the sales of our shop company As we have
just entered this field the wholesale dealers are unwilling to give us the credit facility Therefore
we have to request for overdraft for Rs
I wish to inform you that I have been transferred to This being the case it will not be possible
for me to continue my account with your bank in future Hence I request you to close my account
This is with reference to my personal discussion with you regarding overdraft I therefore now
request for allowing me to overdraw on my account No up to Rs between st January
to st July
I am writing to ask you to stop the payment of cheque No amount drawn payable to M s
Karan & Karan Delhi as this cheque has been lost in the post
Referee guarantor

Please send me the necessary form and also let me know if any referee is required for opening a
new account
I will provide references should you require them
We have debentures worth Rs which we are prepared to deposit as security
As I have no investments to offer as security I should be grateful if you could make an advance
against my personal security
As our past commitments regarding overdrafts have always been honoured hence we find no
reason for you to turn down our proposal

I shall be grateful for an early reply

Hoping for a favourable reply
We shall highly appreciate a sympathetic response to our above request
We shall be grateful if you could grant the overdraft asked for
We should be highly thankful if you could accede to our request
Sample letter
Dear Sir
I have recently moved into this town and opened a general store at the address given above On the
recommendation of my friend Vijay I wish to open a current account with your bank Please send me the
necessary form and also let me know if any referee is required for opening a new account I shall be
grateful for an early reply
Yours faithfully

Letters to an Insurance Company

I want to have my life insurance policy for the sum of Rs

I want to get my car insured by your company for Rs lakh
I wish to have the house holder s insurance policy covering both building and contents in the sums
of give the cost of the building and the cost of the contents respectively

We wish to take out insurance cover against loss of cash on our factory shop premises by fire theft
or burglary
What rebate or concession you offer on an insurance policy for Rs lakhs
Is there any loan facility after a fixed period in the policy you offer
What modes of premium payments you offer
Claim
I am sorry to report an accident to mention the property insured We estimate replacement cost of
the damaged property at give the amount
I regret to report that a fire broke out in our factory stores last night We estimate the damage to the
stores at about give the amount
We regret to report that our employee give name of the employee has sustained serious injuries
 while doing his work Doctors estimate that it will take him about a month to be fit to work again

Please arrange for your representative to call at our factory premises and let me know your
instructions regarding the claim
Should your representative visit to inspect the damaged property please let me know the day of
his visit
We therefore wish to make a claim under the policy give the name of the policy and shall be glad
if you send us the necessary claim form

I hope you would care to send to me an early reply

Please answer this letter as soon as possible
An early reply to my query shall be greatly appreciated
Please send me particulars of your terms and conditions for the policy along with a proposal form if
required
Please quote your terms and conditions for providing the required cover
Sample Letter
Dear Sir
I want to get my car insured by your company for Rs lakh What modes of premium payments you
offer Please send me particulars of your terms and conditions for the policy along with a proposal form if
required An early reply to my query shall be greatly appreciated
Yours faithfully

Letters of Complaints Business

On date I bought from place an instant geyser manufactured by your renowned concern
Your salesmen delivered the name the product on date one instant geyser we had ordered
I was shocked to find the instant geyser purchased on date at place by us did not function well

It is a matter of shame for your esteemed organisation to have brought out such products in the
maket without proper quality control
It is shocking to find the appliance having faulty wiring system
I am sorry to point out the defect in the geyser write your complaint

I am confident that a reputed concern like that of yours can ill afford to lose your reputation and
shall get the needful done at the earliest
I hope you would send your salesman woman to replace the mentioned product of yours
Need I remind you that such product should be lifted replaced without much fuss
Sample Letter
Name of the concern and its concerned officer
Dear Sir
On I bought from the Diplomatic store an instant geyser manufactured by your reputed concern
It is shocking to find the appliance having faulty wiring system I am confident that a reputed concern
like that of yours can ill afford to lose your reputation and shall get the needful done at the earliest
Yours faithfully
Letters of Apology

My son informed me that my cat had eaten away your chickens

My wife told me about our driver s ramming my car into your boundary wall

I am extremely sorry to know about it and render my sincere apologies

I apologise deeply for the inconvenience caused to you
My sincere apologies

Although it happened inadvertently yet I am prepared to compensate for your loss

 I wish I were there to prevent it Any way you can penalize me as you want
Kindly care to inform me the loss you have incurred owing to name the culprit this negligence

I promise that in future I shall be extra vigilant to see it does not happen again
I have admonished my and he will be careful in future
I assure you that such things will never happen in future

In the end I again ask for your forgiveness

Once again with profound apologies
Repeatedly I express my profuse apologies

Sample Letter
Dear Sir
My wife told me about our driver s ramming my car into your boundary wall My sincere apologies
Although it happened inadvertently yet I am prepared to compensate for your loss I assure you that such
things will never happen in future Once again with profound apologies
Yours faithfully
Letters on Official Matters

As your honoured self must be aware that I am working in Deptt in the capacity of a Junior clerk

For the last twenty years I am the position in the factory

I am Officiating in the capacity of for last two years

Now I have been transferred to

Owing to my domestic problems I request you to change
On account of my health problems I would not be able to
Owing to my reason I can not function in the same position any more
On health grounds I have been advised to leave this city
My family duties have constrained me to seek my transfer

Looking at such a changed situation I won t be able to work in the present position
As such I request you to change my working shift hours
In the light of the above I request you to transfer me to section or place

Hence I request you to expedite order my desired transfer to

You are therefore requested to release me at the earliest
I pray you to consider my case sympathetically
In view of my loyalty and past performance I am sure you would condescend to grant me the
desired wish
I am sure to get a sympathetic response from your side to my genuine problem
With earnest hope I crave your special sympathy in my case
Sample Letter
Sir
As your honoured self must be aware I am working in Sales Deptt in the capacity of a Junior Clerk
Owing to my domestic problems I request you to change my place of work In the light of the above facts I
pray you to transfer me to Purchase Deptt In view of my loyalty and past performance I am sure you
would condescend to grant me the desired wish
Yours faithfully

Letters from a Landlord to a Tenant

I feel constrained to inform you that due to recent increase in the house tax I have been left with no
alternative but to increase the house rent by Rs per month w e f first of next month
It has come to my notice that your children make so much noise when they play that it causes
disturbance to other tenants
 I am in receipt of your letter regarding the leaking of the roof of your house
I have noted your complaint about the rent payment receipts

I hope you will not mind this increase in rent as I have retired from service recently and my only
source of income is the house rent received from you
I am sure you will give the necessary instructions to your children in this connection
I like to assure you that we are arranging for the necessary repairs at the earliest
The receipts in question will be issued on coming Monday

I hope you won t find this increase burdensome

I hope you will be able to understand and appreciate my point of view
I expect you to bear with me for a few days only
I am sure you will extend your co operation as always
Sample Letter
Dear Sir
I am in receipt of your letter regarding the leaking of the roof of your house I like to assure you that
we are arranging for the necessary repairs at the earliest I expect you to bear with me for a few days only

Yours sincerely

Letters from the Tenant to the Landlord

I have to inform you that the roof of the house we are occupying leaks during rains causing great
inconvenience to our family
I am sorry to point out that despite several reminders you haven t issued the rent payment receipts
for the last three months
Please refer to your letter regarding increase in the rent of the house we are occupying
We have noted your complaint regarding our carelessness in switching off the light at the main gate

Hence you are requested to get the necessary repairs done at the earliest
I therefore request you to issue the above mentioned receipts without any further delay
I regret to write that whatever cogent reason you may have for increasing the house rent but my
financial means don t permit me to pay a higher rent
Rest assured that we will be careful in future regarding switching off the light at the main gate

I hope you will understand our problem and cooperate

Hoping for a favourable reply
I am sure you will appreciate my financial problem and withdraw your rent increase proposal
We are sure that this assurance is enough to set to rest all your doubts in this regard
Sample Letter
Dear Sir
I am sorry to point out that despite several reminders you haven t issued the rent payment receipts for
the last three months I therefore request you to issue the above mentioned receipts without any further
delay Hoping for a favourable reply
Yours sincerely