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Hindi (मानक िह ी) is the first official language of
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Part
1 Learning the Hindi Alphabet

1 Become familiar with Devanagari Script. Devanagari is an abugida alphabet of

India and Nepal and is the main script used to write Hindi, Marathi, and Nepali. It is
written from left to right, lacks distinct letter cases, and is recognizable by a distinctive
horizontal line running along the tops of the letters that links them together.[1]
A chart with the Devanagari alphabet is available here:
http://www.omniglot.com/charts/print/hindi.pdf.

2 Study the Hindi vowels. Hindi has 11 vowels, some of which are indicated by the
use of diacritic marks, or symbols added to the letters of an alphabet in order to show
different pronunciations.[2] Vowels in Hindi have two forms: one form for when they are
used by themselves, and one form for when the vowel is joined to a consonant in a word.[3]
अ a and आ aa
अ does not change the consonant, so if you see a consonant without a
modifying symbol, it will have this vowel sound.[4]
When आ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ा to the end of the
consonant (for example, न na becomes ना naa when आ is added to it).
इ i and ई ee
When इ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ि◌ to the left-hand
side of the consonant (before the consonant).
When ई is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ी to the right-hand
side of the consonant (after the consonant).
उ u and ऊ oo
When उ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ु beneath the
consonant. You Might Also Like

When ऊ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ू beneath the

consonant.
ए e and ऐ ai
When ए is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌े above the How to
How to Say Goodbye in
consonant. Say I Love You in Several Different
When ऐ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ै above the Hindi Languages

consonant.
ओ o and औ au
When ओ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ो to the right-hand
side of the consonant (after the consonant).
How to How to
When औ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ौ to the right-hand Say Yes in Different Put Accents on
side of the consonant (after the consonant). Languages Letters
ऋ ri
When ऋ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ◌ृ beneath the
consonant.
This vowel isn't very common in Hindi and is only found in Hindi words of
Sanskrit origin.[5]

3 Study the Hindi consonants. There are 33 consonants in Hindi.[6] They are
organized in the alphabet by how you use your mouth and throat to pronounce them.
Because Hindi uses more consonants than English does, some of them have no direct
equivalent in English.[7] The (a) next to some consonants indicates that they are
pronounced as aspirated (i.e., with a strong breath of air such as p in "pit" or "puff").
Velar consonants, pronounced by using the back of the tongue at the roof of your
mouth (e.g., k or g in English): क k, ख k (a), ग g, घ g (a), ङ n
Palatal consonants, pronounced by raising the front of the tongue just behind the
gums[8] (e.g., j in "job"): च ch, छ ch (a), ज j, झ j (a), ञ n
Retroflex consonants, pronounced by curling the tongue backward and touching the
roof of your mouth just behind the gums (none exist in English): ञ t, ट t (a), ड d, ढ d
(a), ण n
Flap consonants, pronounced by "flapping" the tip of your tongue toward the roof of
your mouth behind your upper front teeth (e.g., the t softening in words like "butter,"
which often sounds like "budder") : ड़ d and ढ़ d (a)
Dental consonants, pronounced by touching the tip of your tongue behind the back
of your upper front teeth (e.g., th in "thin"): त t, थ t (a), थ d, ध d (a), न n
Labial consonants, pronounced by using the lips together (e.g., b in "baby"): प p, फ
p (a), ब b, भ b (a), म m
Semivowels are vowel-like consonants, such as the w in "wet": य y (as in "young"),
य r, ल l, व w or v
Sibilant consonants, pronounced by using the tip of the tongue to push air out in a
hissing noise[9] : श sh, ष sh, स s
Glottal consonants, pronounced by using the glottis at thee back of the throat[10] : स
h

4 Distinguish between "voiced" and "unvoiced" consonants. Hindi consonants

have two basic different ways of pronouncing them: voiced and unvoiced. Reading
explanations for these pronunciations may seem a little complicated, but don't worry; once
you start trying to practice the sounds, you'll be able to feel the difference between voicing Featured Articles

and not voicing.

Voiced consonants are pronounced by vibrating your vocal cords.[11] For example,
voiced consonants in English include z in "zoo" and g in "good".
Unvoiced consonants are pronounced without vibrating your vocal cords. For How to How to
example, unvoiced consonants in English include s in "snap" and k in "kitten". Avoid Deal with Puberty
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5 Distinguish between "aspirated" and "unaspirated" consonants. Hindi

consonants also fall into two basic subcategories, unaspirated and aspirated. You can
have unvoiced unaspirated consonants, unvoiced aspirated consonants, etc.
Aspiration is another term for a burst of air released through your mouth.
The only way to really understand how this works in Hindi is to listen to recordings.

6 Listen to a recording of the Hindi alphabet and then try to mimic the recording.
The Hindi alphabet may look a little alien to you, especially if you are a native English
speaker, but with some practice, you'll be able to understand how to make all the Hindi
letter sounds yourself.[12] A video recording of the Hindi alphabet is here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyG_594WOjE.
Once you have listened to the recording a few times, pause the recording and try to
mimic the pronunciation of the speaker. Take your time and work your way slowly
through alphabet.

7 Learn how to write the Hindi alphabet. You may find it easier to learn the
Devanagari script if you can see how it is written. There are several tutorials available
online, but the one at hindibhasha.com is widely recommended by university language
departments.

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1 Become familiar with Hindi nouns. Nouns are words for objects, places, emotions,
animals, and people. In Hindi, all nouns have a gender: masculine (M) or feminine
(F). The gender of Hindi nouns is essential for proper grammar and communication, so
when learning Hindi nouns, you must also learn their genders so you can use the nouns
correctly.[13]
A very general rule to determine the gender for a noun is words that end with the
vowel आ aa are usually masculine and words that end with the vowel ई ee are
usually feminine. However, there are many exceptions to this rule, so it's important
to still learn the gender of every noun through memorization and practice.[14]
For example: The noun for boy is: लड़का larkaa (M) and the noun for girl is: लड़की
larkee (F). So in the case of these nouns, the general rule of gender applies.
On the other hand, nouns like केला kelaa - Banana (M) and मेज़ mez - Desk (F) or
घर ghar - House (M) are all exceptions to the general rule of gender.

2 Become familiar with Hindi pronouns. Simple pronouns like "he, she, I, we, they"
are key to communicating in any language, including Hindi. The pronouns in Hindi
are:[15]
First person singular: म main - I
First person plural: हम ham - We
Second person singular: तू too - You (Intimate)
Second person plural: तुम tum - You (Informal), आप aap - You (Formal)
A note on informal and formal pronouns: each pronoun is used based on
the level of politeness in a conversation. Use the formal आप aap when
meeting someone for the first time, talking to someone older than you or
simply to show respect to the person you are addressing.
Use the informal तुम tum when chatting with your friends or close relatives.
Use तू too when you are in a very informal or intimate conversation, such as
talking to your partner or to young children. It would be considered
extremely rude in Hindi to use तू too when talking to a stranger or someone
you barely know.
Third person singular: यह yah - He / She/ It / This
Third person plural: वह vah - He / She/ It / That
In spoken Hindi these words are pronounced slightly differently: यह is
pronounced yeh and वह is pronounced voh. Use यह yeh when talking about
someone or something close to you, so if someone is standing right next to
you, use यह yeh.
Use वह voh when talking about someone or something further away, so if
someone is standing on the other side of the street, use वह voh.
When in doubt, use वह voh.
Third person plural: ये ye - These / They
Third person plural: वे ve- Those / They
You will often hear वे ve being pronounced as the singular "voh". The third
person plural pronouns follow the same rules: ये ye for people / things close
to you (in the distance sense) and वे vo for people / things further away.
Note that both यह yeh or वह voh could mean either "he" or "she", so there is
no difference based on the gender of how you are talking to. You must rely
on the context of the sentence to determine if a person is talking to a "he" or Featured Articles
"she".

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3 Become familiar with Hindi verbs. Verbs describe an action, occurrence, or state of
being. Learn Hindi verbs in the infinitive form (in English, "to ___"), as verbs are
conjugated by dropping the infinitive ending and adding other suffixes. Hindi infinitives end
in ना naa.
Examples of Hindi infinitives include: होना honaa - to be; पढ़ना pahrnaa - to read or
to study; बोलना bolnaa - to speak; सीखना seekhnaa - to learn; जाना jaanaa - to go.[16]

4 Learn the basics of conjugating verbs. Like nouns, verbs in Hindi must be
conjugated to reflect grammatical categories such as number, gender, tense, and
mood.
For example, the infinitive verb होना honaa- to be, conjugated for number
becomes[17] :
म ँ main hoon - I am
हम ह ham hain - We are
तू है too hai - You are (intimate)
तुम हो tum ho -- You are (informal)
आप ह aap hain - You are (formal)
यह है yah hai - he/she/this is
वह है voh hai - he/she/that is
ये ह ye hain - these/they are
वे ह ve hain - those/they are
There are three conjugations for gender in the present verb tense:
For masculine singular subjects, drop the infinitive ending ना naa and add ता
taa.
For masculine plural subjects, drop the infinitive ending ना naa and add ते te.
For feminine singular or feminine plural subjects, drop the infinitive ending
ना naa and add ती tee.
Because Hindi verbs have many tenses, you’ll want to use a textbook or other
reference materials to learn verb conjugations beyond the basic present tense. A
good reference dictionary will also help you conjugate new verbs.

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5 Continue to practice your conversational Hindi with longer phrases and

sentences. Once you become more comfortable with Hindi nouns, pronouns, and Understanding
verbs, you can move on to studying other elements of Hindi.[18] Narcissism in
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Part
3 Practicing Words and Phrases in Hindi
How to Tell if Deal with the
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1 Purchase a good Hindi dictionary. Oxford University Press publishes the gold
standard of dictionaries, the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary.[19] While smaller pocket
dictionaries are fine if you just need to look up a word or two, invest in a more substantial
academic dictionary if you are serious about more formal study.
There are also Hindi dictionaries online. The University of Chicago’s "Digital
Dictionaries of South Asia" project includes a dictionary of Urdu and Classical
Hindi.[20]

2 Learn the days of the week. Start with basic words that will help you become
familiar with how Hindi vowels and consonants work together to create a word or
phrase. Focus on recognizing the Hindi words and the Devanagari script. The days of the
week are:[21]
Sunday, Hindi word: RaveevaaR, Devanagari script: रिववार
Monday, Hindi word: SomvaaR, Devanagari script: सोमवार
Tuesday, Hindi word: MangalvaaR, Devanagari script: मंगलवार
Wednesday, Hindi word: BudhvaaR, Devanagari script: बुधवार
Thursday, Hindi word: GuRoovaaR, Devanagari script:गु वार
Friday, Hindi word: ShukRavaaR, Devanagari script: शु वार
Saturday, Hindi word: ShaneevaaR, Devanagari script:शिनवार

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3 Learn basic words for time and place. Once you become familiar with the days of
the week, move on to other basic Hindi words, keeping in mind the Devanagari
Right Click on
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script.[22]
Yesterday, Hindi word: kal, script:कल
Today, Hindi word: aaj, script: आज
Tomorrow, Hindi word: kal, script: कल How to Wear Grey How to Find, Edit,
Hair without and Save Drafts in
Day, Hindi word: din, script: िदन Looking Old TikTok
Night, Hindi word: raat, script: रात
Week, Hindi word: haftaa, script: ह ा
Month, Hindi word: maheenaa, script: महीना
Years, Hindi word: aal, script: साल How to
Second, Hindi word: doosRaa Remove Contact
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Minute, Hindi word: mint, script: िमनट Ride Cotton Swabs
Hour, Hindi word: ghantaa, script: घंटा
Morning, Hindi word: saveRey, script: सवेरे A D V E RT I S E M E N T

Evening, Hindi word: shaam, script: शाम AD

Noon, Hindi word: dopeheR, script: दो पहर

Midnight, Hindi word: aadheeRaat, script: आधी रात
Now, Hindi word: ab, script: अब
Later, Hindi word: baad mey, script: बाद म

A D V E RT I S E M E N T

4 Practice common phrases with a partner or with a recording. Learning

conversational Hindi is a great way to practice your alphabet skills and prepare you
for lessons on basic Hindi grammar. Actually having a conversation in Hindi is the most
important way to learn the language.
Find a friend in your language class or look online in language forums for
individuals looking to practice their conversational Hindi. There are also recordings
of basic phrases online that you can refer to.[23]
Focus on phrases like:[24]
Hi!, Hindi: Namastey!, script: नम े
Good morning!, Hindi: Suprabhaat, script: सु भात
Good evening!, Hindi: Shubh sundhyaa, script: शुभ सं ा
Welcome! (to greet someone), Hindi: Aapka swaagat hai!, script: आपका
ागत ह।
How are you?, Hindi: Aap kaisey hain?, script: आप कैसे ह ?
I'm fine, thanks!, Hindi: Mein theek hoon, shukriya!, script: म ठीक ँ ।
And you?, Hindi: Aur aap?, script: और आप?
Good/ So-So, Hindi: Accha/ Theek-thaak, script: अ ा/ ठीक-ठाक
Thank you (very much)!, Hindi: Shukriyaa (Bahut dhanyavaad), script:
शु ीया (ब त ध वाद)
Refer to this link for recordings of these phrases as well as more detail about their
pronunciation: http://www.learning-hindi.com/convo.
Don't be afraid to start speaking the language even if you only know basic
vocabulary and grammar. The sooner you start, the faster you will pick up the
basics of the language---learning Hindi is really a matter of practice and
determination.

Part
4 Expanding Your Knowledge

Watch Articles

1 Use online lessons to practice your skills. There are several universities that offer
free online lessons. Find audio and video lessons whenever possible so that you can
How to How to
hear the language being spoken. Whistle With Your Remove Bathroom
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North Carolina State University offers a series of 24 video lessons that include
instruction on script, vocabulary, grammar, and culture, as well as exercises and
quizzes.[25]
The University of Pennsylvania offers a series of 20 audio lessons that cover the
How to
basics of Hindi grammar. Protect Your
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2 Find a good textbook. Once you become familiar with the basics of Hindi vocabulary
and grammar, you'll need a more in-depth source to learn the more complicated
elements of the language. Try to find a textbook that includes audio elements if possible.
Rupert Snell's Teach Yourself Hindi course and book is highly recommended for
beginners and includes audio.
Elementary Hindi by Richard Delacy and Sudha Joshi comprises a textbook and
workbook with audio CD.
Sonia Taneja's Practice Makes Perfect Basic Hindi is a workbook full of exercises to
help you build on existing knowledge and practice concepts such as conjugation.

3 Read as much as you can in Hindi. Fortunately, there is a wealth of online

resources available in Hindi, including newspapers, blogs, and social media. There is
also a tradition of Hindi literature dating back to the 760s CE, full of poets, philosophers,
and religious writers.[26]
Dainik Jagaran is the most popular Hindi newspaper in India.[27] Other important
newspapers published in Hindi include Hindustan[28] , Dainik Bhaskar[29] , and
Rajasthan Patrika[30] . The BBC also has a BBC India site.[31]
The Parikalpana Award is an annual award given to Indian blogs, much like the
Bloggie Awards in English.[32]
As in most other places, popular social media in India include Facebook, Linkedin,
and Twitter.[33] Visiting social media pages in Hindi will give you an accessible "in"
to the language and to popular cultural topics.
Prominent authors in Hindi literature include Chanda Bardai, author of the Prathviraj
Rasau (12th century); Kabir (14th century), a devotional author; poet Ganga Das
(1823-1913); novelist Munshi Premchand (19th century); Dharmavir Bharati (20th
century); and novelist Jainendra Kumar (20th century).[34]
Children’s books can be a great place to start because they are written very simply
and often include pictures. Learning-Hindi.com has a collection of children’s books
online.[35]

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4 Watch movies in Hindi. India has a huge movie industry, popularly known as Pillow Make Sun Water

"Bollywood"-- it’s actually the most prolific film industry in the world, with over 1,000
films released per year. Indians LOVE going to the movies; more tickets are sold in India
than in any other country (2.7 billion tickets per year).[36] Many movies in Hindi are released
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every year, and thanks to online streaming services such as Netflix and content providers
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such as iTunes, you can watch many of them right from your own home. Watch them in the Beat Boredom Plus Style Advice
over the Summer for Each
original language with English subtitles so you can practice your Hindi listening skills.
Important films in Hindi cinema include Mughal-e-Azam (frequently ranked the
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greatest Bollywood movie of all time), the comedy Golmaal, and the drama
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[37]
Kahaani.
If you enjoy superhero movies, India has quite a few of them. Popular films include
Krrish and Ra.One.

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5 Attend Indian cultural events. If you live near a college or university, there will
probably be a variety of cultural events hosted by international students. Many towns
and cities with high Indian populations have festivals and other cultural events where you
can meet new friends and learn about Indian culture. If there is an Indian or Hindu cultural
center near you, you can check their events calendar or contact their organizer.
If there are no cultural events nearby, look around online! Wesleyan University even
maintains a "Virtual Village" where you can explore cultural topics and read
interviews with "villagers."

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6 Find friends who speak Hindi. Because so many people speak Hindi, the chances
are good that you know people who can speak the language. Particularly if they live
far away from home, people will often be happy to chat with you in their native language.
Websites such as meetup.com offer you the chance to find groups of people who
are interested in learning more about Hindi language and Indian culture. Meetup
currently has 103 groups in 70 countries, but if there isn’t one near you, why not
start your own? [38]
Try striking up a chat with someone in your local Indian restaurant or grocery store.
Not only will you get practice with your language, you will learn more about
delicious Indian cuisine!

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Community Q&A

Question

How do I say "yesterday" in Hindi?

Community Answer

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"Kal" or "pichle din" mean "yesterday" and "previous day." AD

Helpful 116 Not Helpful 22

Question

Why doesn't anyone want to learn the Hindi language?

Community Answer

In fact, there are many people interested in Hindi, though not as many as for languages
such as Spanish or French. The reason may be that Hindi is less used in Anglophone
countries and it is perceived as difficult for native English speakers.
Helpful 91 Not Helpful 28

Question

How do I say 'brother' in Hindi?

Community Answer

The word for brother in Hindi is 'Bhaiya'. If you want to pay more respect, you can add 'ji' at
the end of it, and it will be "Bhaiya ji".
Helpful 69 Not Helpful 13

Question

What are some good websites to learn Hindi?

Community Answer

Duolingo has recently added a course, and they have always been one of the top websites
to learn a language. However, before you start, I recommend becoming familiar with the
vowels and knowing how to use them and write them.
Helpful 51 Not Helpful 16

Question

What does "Tum jisse baat kr rhi ho" mean in English?

Community Answer

It means, "the one you are talking to". Here the person being referred to is a female.
Helpful 50 Not Helpful 15

Question

How do I say, "You're such a funny person"?

Community Answer

If you want to say it formally, you can say, "Tum (t-oo-m) bohot majedar (ma-je-d-aa-r) ho'.
Informally, you'd say, "Aap bohot majedar ho."
Helpful 29 Not Helpful 50

Question

How do I memorize new words for Hindi?

Community Answer

Keep an organised vocabulary notebook. Look at the words again after 24 hours, after one
week and after one month. Read, read, read. Use the new words. Do word puzzles and
games like crosswords, anagrams and word searches. Make word cards and take them with
you. Learn words with a friend. Learn how to use a dictionary.
Helpful 28 Not Helpful 9

Question

How do I learn Hindi in Duolingo?

Community Answer

Download the Duolingo app from the Google Playstore or Samsung Galaxy or Apple Store
on your device. It's free. After downloading, you can click on Hindi language, and it will teach
you words, sentences and phrases through their pages and lessons.
Helpful 4 Not Helpful 0

Question

How to say: What's your name? in Hindi?

Community Answer

Aapka naam kya hain? For elders or seniors. Tumhara naam kya hain? For those of your
level or juniors. Tera naam kya hain? For those of your level or your inner circle and those
younger than you.
Helpful 3 Not Helpful 0

Question

How do I say happy 4th birthday in Hindi?

Madhukar Sachdev
Community Answer

You can say it as "चौथा ज िदन मुबारक" (Chautha Janamdin Mubarak). Mubarak can be
replaced with बधाई (Badhai) too.
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Tips

When learning any language, it’s a good idea to immerse yourself in the culture of that
language. Attend Indian festivals, try to meet Indians, go to Indian restaurants and try to
order your food in Hindi. The more you practice the language in everyday settings, the
stronger your language skills will become.

Another great way to learn conversational Hindi is to read Hindi labels, signs, and children’s
books. Hindi and Sanskrit also have a rich literary tradition so as your reading
comprehension of Hindi improves, try reading Hindi poetry and short novels or books.

There are a few words widely spoken by masses of Indian population, which actually happen
to have Urdu origins. Although the modern day Hindi that is widely spoken (in the Northern
side of India) is a tasteful mix of Hindi and Urdu, they do have some difference.

For "Thank You" the appropriate word is "Dhanyawaad" but people often use "Shukriya" (but
keep in mind, that the former is what is considered in Pure Hindi)
Time- "Samay" (Hindi) "Wakt" (Urdu)

Year- "Varsh" (Hindi) "Saal" (urdu)

Week- "Saptaah" (Hindi) "Haftaa" (Urdu)

Jewellery- "Aabhushan" (Hindi) "Gehna/Gahna" (Urdu)

Attack! - "Aakraman!" (Hindi) "Hamla!" (Urdu)

Difficult- "Kathin" (Hindi) "Mushkil" (Urdu)

Sorry/Apology- "Kshama *K is silent" (Hindi) "Maaf" (Urdu)

Mister. - "Mahoday" (Hindi) "Janaab" (Urdu)

Sir- "Shrimaan" (Hindi) "Huzoor" (Urdu)

Story/Tale- "Kahaani/Kathaa" (Hindi) "Quissa" (Urdu)

Doubt/Suspicion - "Sandeh" (Hindi) "Shuq/Shaq" (Urdu).

Only- "Keval" (Hindi) "Sirf/Sirph" (Urdu)

If you greet someone you can use "Namaskar" (Hello) as well. Because in some instances,
"Namastè" is used as "Goodbye" or a Leave Greeting. However, if you want to give utmost
respect, you should use "Pranam" as a Leave Request (as it is most commonly used for
taking a leave from Elder/Teachers/God's etc).

One would certainly suggest using those words with a grain of salt. But it is something that
even this list, and even Google gets mixed sometimes.

Learning with actual books is a fun and extremely helpful way to learn about Hindi. Some
suggest reading books like Panchatantra, Hitopadesh, Mahabharat, Ramayan, etc are
absolute classics to read.

Watching Movies helps too, since it had been ages since mainstream has adopted this mix of
Hindi and Urdu.

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References

1. ↑ http://www.linguanaut.com/hindi_alphabet.htm#ixzz3Sav2eojX
2. ↑ https://hindi.yale.edu/language
3. ↑ http://www.learning-hindi.com/vowels
4. ↑ http://www.learning-hindi.com/post/727352299/lesson-2-vowels-part-1-a-and-aa
5. ↑ http://www.learning-hindi.com/post/773880849/lesson-7-vowels-part-6-ri
6. ↑ http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hindi.htm
7. ↑ http://www.omniglot.com/language/articles/devanagari.htm
8. ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/439183/palatal
9. ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/542648/sibilant

More References (29)

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Co-authors: 46
1 votes - 100% Updated: June 7, 2022
Views: 650,708

Categories: World Languages

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