(MYSBIKAJBHOE, YUMUIHLE TIPH MOCKOBCKOR sans OPAENA BAUER FOV APCTRENHOR ROHCEPBATOPHH MEH TL. MARKOBCKOTO B.Dpaénoe Yue6uuk nomu@onun onggeno Yapaannat eae seen ‘tapencr yspexden _maacapraa Krys CCP ‘eeecroe ucdauna ue yo upon yuan (ntanoocre 182107 “Taopun ayounes) Mockss, «Myauxas, 1987ne - ee a . UW 'S40. S$ 82 ®paéuons B. - : O82 Yue6unk nommonnn.— M.: Myserxa, 1987.— 207 c., Hor. B yue6uwke paspaGotTania TeMit yaHAMOHOTO Kypca nonHdonuH. Mepsaa wacth CORCPHKHT OCHOBHNG CBEXeCHHA HS TeOPHH Toandounn, HCHOAb3yembIe, Taxke npr TOMMPOHNYeCKOM aHanH3e. Bropah wacTb mpencraBnser coo s3ana4HUK, cocToR- uu H3 pa3HOrO pola KOMMECHTHPYCMEIX MUCbMeHHBIX ynpaxHeHHH B cTporoM cBOGOaHOM cTHe. B Tpetbe# uacTH maeTCA KpaTKHA HcTOpHYecKHA o630p pasar’ HHYECKOTO HCKYCCTBa. + THR HOM DoMMaecKOr Aan yaamaxes TeopeTHuecKHK oTaenenHii MY3bIKaAIbHBIX Y4H-. AML. 4905000000— 388 026(01)—87 © Uszarenperso «Mysukar, 1987 r. 69—87 7 NPENUCOBHE YueOuuk mpeanasHayen ana teopernueckux oTfAeneHHh yaHanu. Yuu- AHIHBA Kype — HatanbHli, HB 3TOM ero cnenuguka. C ofHofi croponn, OH MPH3BaH aTb 3HaRHE OCHOB, TO eCTL NpewcTaBAeHHe O TNaBHEIX cpencr- Bax nomHonun 6e3 Bcecroponnero ux paccmotpenua, C xpyroft ctoponn, AH BbIIYCKHHKOB, Ibe MY3HKATbHCe OOpasoBahte OrpaNHdHBaeTcR YYHIH- HLeM, STOT KYPC — eHHCTREHHOe CONPHKOCHOBEHHe c NOAMoHNeH Kak yue6- HOH AUCRUNAWHOH, H NOTOMY OH ROMKeH ObITH MocTaTOHHO NOAHHM. Cxa- SaHHBIM OMpesesaoTcCA OT6op MaTepHana Hu MeTOmHKa. Yue6nuK cocTouT H3 Tpex vacTel — Teoperuyecko, npakTayeckoh 4 HcTOpHYeCKOl. Teope- THYCCKaH YACTh ABAACTCH NepBoH H caMol SombWOn no o6bemy. B uenom, omuako, yaeOHHK wMeeT npakTHYeckyo opHeHTanHio, KOTOpasn, HeECOMHeHHO, OnpaBaanya: Npodeccuonanbuoe sHaHHe MaTepHada AaeTCA TONBKO yepes cro MpakTHyeckoe OcBoeHHe. Bes omymenua nonnbonuyecxoit MaTepuH , PUKCHPOBAHHBIe Kak 91eMeHTApHble H ODHO3HAY- Hl MCJOAHKO-PHTMHUeCKHe H TapMOHHYeCKHe YCAOBHA, B KOTODLIX HeTpya- HO OBNaeTb «rpaMMaTHKOn> NonMpoHHH. CucTeMa yupaxXHeHHit c 4eTKHMH TEXHHYECKHMH TpPeG6OBAHHAMH YCHAMBaeT STy orpaHHuHtTenbuyi (ynpoma- romyio OG6yyeHue) TeHAeHUMO H NOSBONAeT cocpenOTOUNT BHAMaHKe Ha H3ydaeMOM MOMeHTe Ge3 OTBAeYeHHA Ha conyTcTByIUlNe TpyaHOcTH. Boab- wad YacTh HaYaJIbHBIX yIpaKHeHHH NONycKaer eAUHCTBeHHOE pellieHue, H YYCHHK, OfPaHHYCHHBI B BO3MOMKHOCTH OWIHOATBCA, BEIYYHBaeTCA Ha OCHO- B€ NOMOKHTEMbHOTO («KaK Hao»), a He OTPHUATeLHOFO («kak Henb3a>) onbita. YueOHHK OpHeHTHpoBaH Ha TpagMtuoHHEle HOPMEL LWIKObHOrO 3cTpororo cTHaa;.KOppeKlHA NpaBA! YUHTHIBaeT OMIT UTeYECTREHHEIX pyko- BogcTs. YipaxkHeHuA B CTporoM cTHe BEMONHAIOTCA B KIIO¥Aax Jo TIpn- MeHeHHe abTOBOrO H TeHOpoBoro KONE ObAZaTeAbIO; HcCnOAB3OBaHHE COMpaHoporo 3aBHCHT OT TOTO, HaCKOMbKO yuallHcca mphyyeus K paGoTe C HEM B Kjlacce comb@eaxKuo. Muorne 340aHHa B yueGuHKe COCTaB.eHbI TAK NTO PelleHHA BOSMOXKHB Kak B COMPAHOBOM, Tak HB CKPHNHYHOM KmOUe, — Yopaxvenua B CBOGOAHOM CTH-le HanpaBseHs Ha BbIpaboTKy co6crBen- Ho noanouuyeckoro ronocopegenua. Hopmatupen Tak Ha3biBaeMbili 6axon- CKHH CTHJIb, HO WIA ycleBaroulux yueHnkos Kpyr cpeacta MOKeT ObITb pac- WWHPeH 1O npexenoB, KOTOPHIX AOCTHTaeT YYHAHMHEI Kypc rapMoHHH. SHakOMCTRO c HapogzHoOw monM@ouned orpanusueaetca n0Ka30M HK aHta- 1H30M O6pa3iloB pycckoro PombKopa H oAbKAOpa HapoOAOB ComsHBx pec- ny6aHK. Sananua Ha o6paOoTKH HapomHEIX necet He npensarawTca, Tak Kak HapOwHad noANonuA — ABAeHHe OYeHD MHOrOAHKOe H ero OcBOeHHE € AOKHOH OCHOBaTeNbHOCTBIO B PaMKaX Ha4aJbHOrO KypCa HEBO3MOXKHO OGasatenbuyio 4uacTh pa6OTb cocTaBAaeT nonnounyecknit anaan3 aa KOTOPH OPHEHTHPOBaH TeoperHueckHH pazaen. B nocaeaHem raapube no- NOKCHHA AaloTcA No MpedMyliecTBy Ha OCHOBE H3BECTHBIX yYaHMCA Mpo- vspenenHit. B Teme VII, nocaauenHo# dyre, HOTHEIX npuMepos Her, a npHu- BOAATCA ccblikH Ha XTK. Sto BISBaHO He TO/MbKO MaJbIM oOneMoM yue6- HHKa, HO TakxKe H HAaNOOHOCTbIO NPHYYHTD YYeHHKOB pa6otaTb c OGOHMH TOoMaMH XTK (HamHuve ux MpeaNonaraetcH y Kaxgoro). ‘ H36nirok 4 mogpobHocth MaTepHana B yueGHHKe peryaupyetca Ha MpakTuke TEM, YTO TpyAHHe 3akaHHA HeEOGASaTeAbHB AA CaObIxX yueHH- KOB, JlerKHe — H3HWHA 2A NOABHHYTHIX. Texct yueOHHKa He paccuAtan Ha uTeHHe ero MOAPAA, NOpAAOK npoxoageHHA, OTOP ynpaxkHeHHh Hu npo- H3BCACHHH AA aHanH3a ycTaHaBAMBaloTcA Mpenogasaterem. [Tpeanonara- eTCH, YTO HeKOTOpble pasfenbl (B TOM YHeMe HCTOPHYeCKHi) MoryT 6BITb OCHOBOH CaMOCTOATeAbHOM pa6oTH yyaukuxca. B HOTHEIX MpHMepax Hp B KBaApaTe cooTBeTcTByWT UMppam B tap- tutype. Lupa nepen (HaW mocae) unppol B KBaqpate o6o3Hauaet TaKT Ao (HK NoOcHe) sTOH UnppE (HanpuMep, 5 [Tl van [5| 7). Counnenua H.C. Baxa waspipatoTca 6e3 yka3saHna aBTopa. «Xopolwo TemnepupoBanunlit Ka- BHp» OGosHauaetcn XTK, yr 43 Hero ONpesenmOTCA TOMOM H TOHAJbHO- CTblO COKpalleHHO (HanpuMep, IC, IIdis); yrn ws «Hexycctaa yr» o6osHayatotca Contrapunctus no u3aanmw [lerepca. Mpu o6osnauenun OpraHHbIX couHHeHHa Baxa yKa3siBaloTcad TOHaJIbHOCTb, HNAeKc no BWV w Tom (Bd.) 8 u3fannu Merepca (kpome uapecTHeAWIHX, KoTOpble onpene- AAOTCA TOHAabHOCTbIO). HHcTpyMeHTarbHble NpOH3Be_eHHA Ges yKa3zaHHA coctaBa HcNOnHHTeNel npeqHasHauenbl Ana choptenuano. [Ipumeper mpe- awoani u yr A. A. Wocraxosnya npusogatca u3 wukaa op. 87, dbyr P. K. UWleapuna — u3 unkaa «24 npemoaznu u cyra» aaa doprenuano. HexoTophe mpumepsl 43 AMTepaTypb AaloTcA B CXeMATHYECKOM H3I0XKEHHH. i Yacme nepean OCHOBHBIE CBELEHWA lO TEOPHH NOAHOHHH TEMA I. NOJIH®OHHA § 1. My3pikanbHnlt ckaan, 6biBacT MOHOAHYeCKHH, rapMOHHuecKHH (ro- MOOHHO-rapMOHHYeCKHA) 4 nomnponuyeckhi. MonomwyueckHh ckal (oc- HOBa OADKNOpa MHOTHX HapOAOB H APeBHHX BHAOB npodeccHonabHont MYy3HIKH) OJHOTOJOCeH: 3BYKH CKTAMbIBaOTCH B Me/OMHIO, HX qHHeHHO-Me- omwuecKkai CBA3b MocTHraerca B NepBylo ovepeb cpexcTBaMH Jala. TapMonmuecknit H nonuonnyueckHi CKnaAbl Kak MHOPOPOJIOCHbI€ MPOTHBO- nocrapaaioTca BMecTe MOHOAMUeCKOMYy. B MHOrOrOOCHH 3BYKH COOTHOCAT- CH H CBASHIBAIOTCA He TOAbKO B MOCIeELOBaTeAbHOCTH B KaKLOM H3 TOMOCOB (Me0,M4eCKH, MO TOPH30HTatH), HO MB OAHOBpeMeHHOCTH MEMAy TooCa” MH (rapMOHH4eCKH, HO peptukatu). Topu30ntasbupit u BepTHKaJ DEB dbaxtoppl Bcerma B3aHMOLelicTByIOT, OHAKO POb HX B TaPMOHHYECKOM H NOAMpOHHYeCKOM CKJawe HeoAWHakopa. B rapMOHHYeECKOM MepBHYHa Bep- THKadb, TAPMOHHA HaNpaBAAeT ABHKEHHE MEOAWN H ONpeseAeT CAOKE- HHe @OPMBI, OCHOBHOe COMepaHHe COCPpeMOTOYEHO B OAHOM MeOAHYECKOM rovloce, BCweAcTBHe Yero roOCa HepaBHONpaBHbl. B noAMoHH4eCKOM CKua- Re Bce O6crouT uHaye. § 2. Moamonnuecknit ckaaq oTaM4aloT: raapeHcTBO = MenOAMMeCKOTO Havana, paBHOMpaBue Pomocos, TeKyYeCTh H3OKEHHA. TP aapencTBoO Me€ZOAHYeECKOrO Havana NpOABAAeTCA, BO-Nep- BbIX, B M@JOMMYeCKOH pa3BHTOCTH H KOHTpacTe FoocoB: nowHounyeckoe MHororomocHe — 3TO aHcaM6/b MesOqHH. Bo-pTophix, B M€pBHYHOCTH Me- OMMNeCKOTO ABHXKeHHA (FrOpH3OHTaAH) MO OTHOWeHHIO K TapMOHHH (Bep- Tukann). Tlockonpky Kaka MeNOAHA pasBepTbIBaeTCAa 6onee HM MeHee fO-cBOeMy, NOCTONbKy BOSHHKAIOUIMe MeKAY HHMH COSBYYHA CyTb Peayvib- TaT HX COBMecTHOrO ABHKeHHA (COsBy4He — AKKOPAOBOe HAM HeakKOpso- Boe coueTaHHe C s06bIM KOmMYeCTBOM 3ByKoB). Caxa3b Mex Ay CO3BYYHAMH B NONMMPOHHYECKOM CKJIae HMeeT, CIEMOBATEIbHO, JHHeHHO-MeNOAHYECKYO neppoocnosy. OgHakO MpHHUHNHaAbHaAd’ MEpBHYHOCTh MeAOMMTECKOTO BBH- 2KeHWA He YMaAHeT POH FAPMOHHH: AHHEHHO-MeOMHNeCKaA CBA3b COSBY- uni MOxKeT GEITh AONONHeHa yHKUMOHaIDHOH TapMOHHYECKOH CBASbIO. Vgeanpubiit cunres MemogqMyeckoi CaMOCTOATebHOCTH nonHpoHHyecKHX rojocos vw 6oraTcTBa PyHKUHOHAIbHOM rapMOHHH BocxuUaeT Hac B COMH- Hennax H. C. Baxa. . Menomugeckash pa3BHTQCTb, KOHTPacT POJOCOB, MePpBHYHOCTh JHHCHHO- MeNOMHNeCKOrO Hadadia CYMMHPY!OTCA NOHATHEM . . PaBHONpaBue FOTOCOB oO3HadaeT, YTO MYS3HIKATbHOe CORepKAanhe PaccpeAoTOUMBaeTCH MeXKAy HYMH B Mpouecce COKeHHT opmn. Tax, B 5KCNOSHUHH yrH TeMa MIpOBOAHTCA BO BCEX FOMOCAX, TO eCTb BCe OHH B 56 a ra eMy. nocyaemaior yvacTHe B H3/1I0%KeHHH. Bmecte c Tem ronoc, Ko- CH TeMa, BLIQeIAeTCA H riaBeHec ; TByeT. OAHAKO Be, PO1b 3a HHM He 3aKpenaaetca it vrosty H B HYXHBI MOMEHT nepex ronocy. Cymecrsyior noand OMMHM thea’ OHHUeCKHE NpOHaBeAeHHA TrOmOCOM: HanpuMep, B opr cax Baxa sto tom s @HHBIX XOPaJIbHBIX OGpa6otKax B KOTOpoMy Hopyyaeten cantus fir: cautt HO Hpi. mus. Ckaq Wx no”H ii wane Pa3sBHTOCTH H KOHTpacta, ronocos. Pouaweckirt no mpur aumgantus firmus (sar. — npowneri Halles) — Behylan Menogua, KoMNO- MHOFHX npou3pegenHh XII] — nepsoii MOJIOBHHbI XVIII Bexa. SaMMcTByeTcA H3 NePKOBHEIX WIM CBETCKHX HcTouHHKoB. [Tpo- mur a ANHTeAbHOCTAMH Gonee KPyNHbIMH, 4eM conpoBoxAeHHE nanos) teet> HSHOMeH MR OGHapyxXuBaeTCH Kak MBHKeHHE Ges oc- S3 + Kak CHAOWHOH 3ByKOBOH MOTOK (cM. TaKxe § 7) . Noanhonua (2pex i ; . - mMoAvg-——MHOrO, evi —-3Byk) 2 — po My3bi- crown nowageareet XYAOKECTBEHHDIN CMbIC KOTOpOrO BUD AReTes cpen. ugeckoro ckaga. Tonnpounyeck . aad My3bika pacnovla CBOHMH cnoco6aMu HalOKeHHA i aH. H Pa3BHTHA, CBOHMH Bbipabor PpaMu H Popmamu. Uto xacaer H : phar, Oya. . CA COMePpKaHHA, TO HEAb3R yTBe TO KaKHe-TO MyablKaJIbHble oO6pa " nbounsecned bon 3bl NPHCYWIH TOKO NoAKoH it TONBKO TOMOMOHHO-rapMonHyeckoit sate, WTO ta KoH Myspike. [Ipasyapnee ckagat b, 4TO Ta hentia tape vanpenanae BonMoulaeTcA cpeacTBaMH romodouno- H HAH NOMMounecKoH MyspKku. Mme . HHO NO3TOMY B KaKHXx- 70 cayuanx KOMNO3HTOPHI NPeANOYNTaloT BOSMOXKHOCTH NoAHOHHYeCKOrO ne — BO3MOXKHOCTH TOMOOHHO-rapMOHHYeCKOrO ABbIKAa. , ore MOOHHO-TapMOHHYeCKOe MHCbMO, CPOpMupoBaBMIHCh BHYTPH noOAH- bowmn onoxn Bospowaenns, OTACHHAOCh OT Hee B Hayane XVII Bexa un oanbh mo © ceGe Kak HCKYCCTBO HOBOE, CBETCKOe, Pe3KO OTAHYHOe OT CBOErO - HBHOrO H 4YKAOrO APKHM 93MOLLHA M HCTOpHYecKkoro mpeaxa. [lanee romodonna u A J NOAHOHHA pa3BHBaHch caMocT HO outro BO3MeHCTBYA Apyr Ha Apyra. p oumenne 5 rentbonna NPHBICKaeT COKPOBEHHOM MbICAbIO, 4 HE BHEIMHHMH aTpH- oy amy. aMedaTebHa TpaXHUHOHHAaA cTporocth nomHoHHyeckoli cbax- ne + KPaCO¥HBle BOSMOMKHOCTH NOAMMOHMH OrpaHHyeHHy. Crporocts aH- Cee oanbounueckux TOMOCOB COCTOHT B POACTBe CKOpee C BLIPASHTebHO- flanee HH HCKYCCTBa rpauKH, YM CO CTaHKOBOH MacaaHOH 2KHBONHCHIO. nae aMble HHTCHCHBHbIE NO KOMOpHTy dyru, HanpHMep, H3 «My3EKH a PYHHEIX, yAapupix, uenect» Baptoxa, u3 «fpo6nHus Kynepera> Pave i yerynaior B 9TOM OTHOMEHKH HeNOANOHHYeCKON My3bIKe TeX xe oxasupaeten ara aor KONOPHT MpOHaBeAeHHA DelicTBHTeAbHO ApKH, , HPOHHA — AMID BHEWNH haKTypHEt Hi HHH (HanpHMep, BocbMHrosocHBtt ix «3oaory Penna bill KaH i Baraeya)' , oH BO Betynmennu K <3onoty Peitha> MoxHo BblkenHTD av6onee oprannynpe nomndo i HHH CBOHCTBA: - AeKTYANH3M, OGOOMLEHHOCTh, eAHHOG6pPasHocTD. ° urea KOtaee eK TY anus M NOAMMOHHYeCKOH MYy3BIKH He He- pecan €€ SMOUMOHAIBHOCTH, HO NOMHPOHHMECKH OpraHH3OBaHHble 3ByKH pesok pynor C pasyMHOH CTOpOHOH AYXoBHOH ciepE yenoBeKa oTHeTAHBee H itbH €: MOINPONMYeCKAA MY3bIKa 2KHBET B OCMBICICHHE nepenkHBaemo- » Goaudounaeckas pedb— 3TO BHICKasbIBaHHe Bcerma oO62yMaHHoe. kone reHku COOTHOWeHHA B ABYeAMHCTBE «MBICAHMOe-nepexKHBaeMOe? Gec- KOHeSH. OAHHX Cily4aAx 3TO HEpa3feENHMOCTb CKOPOH HW pasMBINLIeHHA: konbl More snuzoab B Hani, 4MCTOTa H MOUb ASbIKa 3aCTABIAWT B M3YMAeHqHK OCTaHOBHTLCA Tepe ABHBWIHMCA 4yQOM H He MpOCTO YANBAATHCA, a ray6oKO nepeXHBATD OYeBHAHOCe HeBepORTHOE. Te, KTO MOFyT NOSOpPOTh TpyAHOCTH CAMWAHHA STHX , MpHOmH- *Kalollero Weroe K pasHOTeMHOH NOMPOHHH. B nogronocouwnok nonuounn Bcex cCTHeH OTMeyaIOTCA: HPHMaT AMHe- ApHOCTH, CBOGOMHOe HCMOMb3OBaHHE AHCCOHAHCOB MPH OYeBHAHOM mpeo6s1a- JaHHH KOHCOHAHCOB, MpesnouTeHHe NpAMOTO ABHXKeHHA C NepeKpelluBa- HHAMH, CBOOOMHDI€ BKIIOUCHHA H BEIKJIOUCHHA TOAOCOB, XapakTepHO IIpA~ Moe JBIDKeHHE NPN BEIXOLe W3 YHHCOHa, OOasaTebHa YHHCOHHO-OKTABHAaA Ka eHuyn.Noaronocowaa nonmpouua GuBaeT HHCTpyMeHTambHad (HanpuMep, y Bla HHMHpCKHX poxkeqHuKos) WH BOKaJIbHO-aHcamM6nepana. Ucnonnutenu MpeANOyNTawT NecHH c nMOcTeneHHEIM Pa3sBepTEBaHHeM MeOH — AMPH | YECKHE MPOTAKHbIe H cBaneOHbe, MeJVICHHHe XOPOBOHEIC. Tlogronocounasa nonHouHa AOCTHTAa pacupeta B 9NOxXy cloKeHHA MocKkoscKon Pycn. BecbMa BeMKO ee 3Ha4eHH @ B TBOpYeCTBE PyCCKHX KOMMO3HT: _ XX pexos *. PY fropos XIX FEMA Il, KOHTPANYHKT § 6. Kontpanynxt (ar. punctus contra punctum—ouka, To ecTS | HOTa, MPOTHB TOUKH) — OMHOBpPeMeHHOe COueTaHHe AByx H Gonee MenonHi B pasHNX ronocax. KontpanyHxTupylollue MeNOAMH B ORHO H TO 2Ke BpeMaA CaMOCTOATENbHb H B3AHMO3aBHCHMbI. OHH CaMOCTOATECbHbI — MOCKOJIbKY } Kaan ABHKeTCA M0-cBOeMy H MexKAy cOOoM OHH KOHTpactupyr (uMe- €TCA B BHAY: KOHTPacTHPYIOT B KaxKAbH aHHbI MOMeHT 3By4¥aHHA; CaMH no ce6e MewOHH MOryT ObITb COBepIIeHHO OAHHAKOBHIMH, Kak B KaHOHe B Hauane «Mapanzonn» u3 «, penpusa; Crpapuuckni. <«Iletpywixa», Baapc). TIpHuiunk HHTEPBANbHOTAPMOHHYECKOTO COOTHECE- HHA OCHOBAHK Ha NOAMOHMYECKOM TOHHMAHHH MpHposn! cosByaHi. Ero CYTh: M@XKAY KOHTPanyHKTHPy!OWMMH rosocaMM OOpa3yloTCA HHTepBasDl, ecu roocoOB TPH H OONbUIe, TO COsByuHe MpeAcTaBaKseT Ckopee CYMMY HH- TeppasloB MexKAY NapaMH Frosocos, ¥eM COOcTBeHHO akKOpa (Tak B NIpHH- uune; akTHYeCKH 2%Ke MOAMPOHHYECKHE COSBYYHA HAXOAATCH B COracHH C axkopfaMH). Onnofi 13 riaBHbIX XapaKTepHCTHK MOAHPOHMYECKOA BePTHKAIH ABAA- eTCH B3aHMOselicTBHe KOHCOHaHcoB H AHCCOHaHcoB. KoHcoHMpyillne Cco- SBy4HA OObEAMHAIOT SBYKH TIpOuHee, YEM AHCCOHMPYWIMHE: B KOHCOHAHCAX 3BYKH HW rOlOCa IPHTArMBaITCA Apyr K APyTy, B AMCCOHAHCAX OHH He TpH- TATHBAITCA HW Lake OTTAKMBAIOTCA. Tlonumanwe norMponnyuecko BEpTHKaNH KaK CYMMbI HHTepBa/OB Mpe- o6mamano Bp XIV—XVI Bexax. B my3blke TOro BpeMeHH KOHCOHAHCH! Pia- BeHCTBOBAIH, LHCCOHAHCKI CBOMM IIpHCyTCTBHEM NOAVeEPKUBANH HX LOMHHH- pyollee nosoxenke. Tocnegnee Bbipakanoch B HeOOXOAHMOCTH KOHCOHAHT- Hol nomroToBKH HM O6s3aTenbHOrO pa3peltienua Aucconanca. Tonnouuio XVII—XVIIE sekos xapaktepu3yeT CHbHoe BosfehcTBHe byHKWHOHAIBHOK PapMOHHH; OGpasyeTca «rapMOHHA B NOAMPOHHH> HK «noHpounueckadt rapmonusa». [ucconavcsi HE HYMaloTCA B_TOATOTOBKE KOHCOHAHCaMH, HO coxpannetca TpeSopanve HX paspellleHHa. Tlonudouuio XX Beka OTMUAIOT OOHOBMeHHe yroTpeOusemblx cozpyynii, OGulee yCHueHHe AMCCOHAHTHOCTH (quccoHaHchl caemyioT, MHHyX KOHCOHaHC), ocna6nenve yHkKWMOKAaIbHOK B3aHMO3aBHCHMOCTH CO3ByYHA. CeacTBHeM 9TOrO CTaO 3HadHTebHOe yCveHHe AWHeHHO-M eOAHYECKAX cBasen. ‘§ 8. Baas qucconancos pasanuaorcs no emoco6y ux o6pa3s0BanuA H nO xapakTepy B3aMMofelicTaua c KOHCOHaHcaMH. J[ucconMpyiollve HHTep- | ~~ Batbl MOTYT GbiTh UOAYYCHDI OF 3BYKOB NPOXOMAULHX, BCHOMOTATEAE t 3ahepKaHHbix, XoTA MenOQHYeCKHe PHCYHKH C MPOXOAAULHMH, BCTOMOra- TeHEHEIMH H 3akepKaHHbIMH 3BYKaMH B TapMOHHH MOAHDOHHH OANHAKO- | Bbi, MpHpoa HX pasaMyHa. B rapMoHuH OHH OOpa3yioTcA B cBa3H C aKKOp- ROM («HeakkopgoBble 3ByKH>). B noauonnn npoxogaume, BCNOMOFAaTeJIb- , HbIe WH 3aM€PXKaHHble 3BYKH CYTb ABNeHHA JHHeaPpHble: 3TO MeNOMHMGECKHE urypEi, cooTHecenHble ¢ ApyrHM ronocom. CoorsetcrBeHHo oT/HyaeTca ° NOHATHE PaspeWiCHHA: eCIH B FapMOHHH 93TO mepexoa MHCCOHHpylollero * aKKOPAa B KOHCOHHPYIOWWHA, TO B NOHPOHHH — nepexon AYCCOHHpyR- wero HHTEPBada B KOHCOHHpyloMuHA. Ycnosue paspemenua B nosndo- HHH TaKKe MeNORMYECKOE: XOX OAHOTO HB 3BYKOB JHCCOHHpylomlero HHTep- | Bala Ha ceKyHyy. Ha mpaxtuke (oco6enHo B MysbiKe BTOpOh NomOBHHEE XVII—XIX Beka) nomnonnyeckaa TPaKTOBKa MPOXOAAWAHX, BCNOMOPAaTeJIbHBIX H saXepKan- HEIX 3BYKOB C/JIHBaeTCA C rapMOHHYeCKON. POXOMHMHE SBYKH CHeAyloT Ha cAaGbIX MOMAX MO CceKyHAaM B | OQHOM HalpaBwe€HHH ANHTENbHOCTAMH PaBHBIMH HAH He3Ha4YHTebHO pas- | HbIMH, He KpyliHee NOAOBHHHBIX (HHaYe OCTAHOBKH OyAyT npeoOagaTb Hal AauxKenvemM). Boshukawunii B pesyAbTatTe TaMMooOpa3HbIi XO B ORHOM Touoce HaSbIBAeTCA NMPOXOAALLHM Me€ORHYeCKHM O6OpoToM. B ctporom cTH- J€ MpOxoAAlleMy MeNOAHYECKOMY O6OpoTy B OAHOM rosoce NpoTHBONOcTaB- AKCTCH JWIAULHHCA 3BYK B APyrOM rovloce, B CBOOOMHOM cTHIe — m106a8 MenonmuecKkan Qurypa, CleayWWMaA AANTeAbHOCTAMH HAH PaBHBIMH Mpo- XOAAMLHM, HJIH OOvlee KPyNHbIMH, N1aBHO HAH CKadKOM. BenomMorareabHbii 3BYK (He ARMHHee yeTBepTH) OOpas3yetca Ha cia60M BpeMeHH MpH XoZe MeAOZHH Ha CeKyHAY BBepX HJIH BHHS HK o6pat- HO. Takad MeOAHKO-PHTMHYecKad (burypa HasbIBaeTCA BCrOMOraTeJbHEIM MCJIOAHYECKHM O6apoToM. FIpH BcnomoraTerbHoM OGopoTe B OAHOM rosoce, B APYPOM TovOce BO3MOXKHHI: B CTPOrOM CTHTe — BHIepKAaNHBI 3BYK, B cBOOORHOM cTHJIe (KpOMe BEIAepKaHHOrO sByKa) — MpoxoAAUEHIt HAH BeTO- MOraTevIbHbI OGOPOT H BCAKOe HHOe MeOAHYECKOe ABWDKeHHE. B cso6oaHoM mucbMe ynorpeGutenbHbl TakxKe HeModHbe BCMOMOraTewb- ube OGopoTb: a) 6e3 HaYaabHoro 3aykKa, Tak Ha3bIBAaeMbIft cKauKOBBIIi BCNOMOraTeIbHbIN (B3ATbIt CKAYKOM Ha ca60M BpeMeHH 3ByK CBASHIBAaeT- CA XOOM Ha CeKyHAy co crefzyiouuM, 6onee TaxertiM); 6) 6e3 KoHeYHOrO 3ByKa, TaK Ha3bIBAeMbIt OpoweHHHA BCNOMOFaTeAbHbI (BCHOMOTaTeAbHUIit Ha cia60M BpeMeHH yBOAHTCA CKayKOM B caeayioMmHi, Gonee TaxerBIt 3ByK). SanepxeaHHbre aBYKH OGpasyloTcA Ha CHABHEIX (OTHOCHTeEABHO CHJIbHEIX) NOAAX MPH CBASbIBAHHH (CHHKOMMpOBaHHH) aByKOoB. JLucconaHc, KOTOpBIH MOXKeT COpasoBaThCA MERAY CBASAHHBIM 3BYKOM H 3BYKOM B Apy- POM TroJl0ce, B3ATbIM B STOT MOMEHT M1aBHO HJIM CKaYKOM, Ha3bIBaeTCA 3a- A€pKaHHbIM, WIM CBAZAHHBIM, HK 3aqepxKanHeM. OGa3zaTebHO pa3spellenue 3aQepxKaHHOrO AHCCOHHpytomlero sByKa XOMOM Ha CeKYHAY BHH3 HJIH BBepx (B crporom cTHe —TOeKO BHH3). Tonoc, B KOTOpoM 'B ZaHHoe Bpema HaXOAHTCA 3a2@pKanHblt 3ByK, Ha3bIBACTCA CBASAHHbIM, a KOHTPatlyHKTH- pyiomuit emy — cpoGogunM. B caa3aHHom ronoce paasmuawrcd: HOTa TIpH- roTopvenua (3 npaMepax oGosHayeHa mn), CAWrOBaHHaa c Heli HoTa 3agep- akaHHa (3) H HOTa paapemenua (P). Hora cso6ogHoro ronoca, o6pasyi- ula AHCCOHAHC Cc HOTOH 3adepKaHHA, Ha3blBaeTCA CBOOOAHOH HOTOH samep- *KaHHoro AHCcoHaHca (c). 12 TATCABHBIX WH | CBA3AHHDIA FOC cBOGOAHEIA Tomoc CBOOOAHEIK ros1oc cBAZaHHBH rovioc Henpuwrorossennhoe 3anepxeanke B CBOOOMHOM CTHIe Mper- cTaBiaeT COGOM AHCCOHAHC Ha CHbHOM (OTHOCHTEABHO CHJIbHOM) ppemerit, 3BYKH KOTOpOrO GepyTcA MlaBHO HAH CKadKOM. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Menon ueCKHX yCNOBHA pasH4alOTCA HENPHOTOBJeHHble 3aepKaHWA CKAYK . BCNOMOFaTeAbHOre THHA. eee pOOOnMHE MHCCOHAHCH O6pa3yWTcA MpH OTCYTCTBHH paspente- HHA B Kako Obl TO HU ObIM0 copMe; B3ATEI OHH MoryT 6bITh Ha MOOK P BHO HJIH CKa4KOM. my 9, Muoroswaunocts TEPMHHA “KOHTPAaMyHKT® CBAZaHa C efO MHOTO- en. Fen oo KonTpanynKT> ynotpe61seTca Kak CHHOHHM CJ10Ba enon ows» gan o603HayeHHA pOda MY3bIKaIbHOrO HCKyCCTBAa (aupankerun gmacten: a nonmpouun XVi Beka» H «MaCTepa KOHTPanyHKTa XV Beka» par Hoan as an). 2. KourpanyHKTOM Ha3bIBaeTCA MeJIOLHA, MpHCOeAMAREM aA pauniol TlapeucTsyrouleh (HanpHMep, MPOTHBOCHOMKEHME — KOHTPATY ecaulero ty). Compopomgaionlaa MenOzHa, o6pa30BaHHan urypaunek (SCanton B OCHOBe aKKOpfa, HaSbIBAeTCA TaPMOHH4YECKHM KOHTPanyHKTOM | “a KO», Koapni6enpxaa Bonxosbl, nocieqHAA BapHallna). 3. «Kontpany HxTOM lie. Pla HagplBaeTCH Mbeca C PasBHTOH TeXHHKOM CO Pig) 1 Ten Heo eeimécKan Mysuka> obosHawaioren wale HeHMHTaILH “MHHOM «KOHTparlyHKTH4ecKaa uMNTan TpOHsBeACHHA, OCHOBAHHbIe Ha COeAHHEHHH PaBHosHay (Quodlibet uz TonpaGeprosckHx BapHallui) HIM C ao A ee en. FOROCOM H CONPOBORAalOWHMH KORTPaNnyHKTaMu (Berxonen. Tes a cn bouna, 4. I], TpHo), a Take OTMEYCHHEIC oco60 oan P yecxol paGotoh (MouapT. Cumponna «lOnutep», Punan). TEMA III. COMKHBIA KOHTPANYHKT § 10. Caoxkupiit KOHTpanyHKT — COeAHHeHHe MeOAHH, Koropoe e ne HOBTOpeHHH AaeTCA B HOBOM sou Coen (B OTH ante woe He ‘ . Coeannenne H afawlerO TaKOA BO3MOMHOCTbIO B08 Oe H3BeKaeTCA HOBaA KOHTPally HOM COUHHEHHH), H3 KOTOpOrO 3aTeM yar OHAYaIbHBIM COeAHHEHHEM. cKad KOMOHHaUMA, HasbiBaeTca TNepB Coen ‘IbHOrO, B KOTOPOM peasH3yeTCA Hue, O6pasoBpaHHoe Hs Nepponaua . er SOHSeON Koro BapHaHTa, Ha3biB HOCTh NOAYYeHHA KOHTPalyHKTHUeC a HBIM coennuenne. V3 nepponayanbHoro COeMHHCHUA moner, OuTe eae) WleHO OHO, 1Ba HH HECKOAbKO MpOU3BOMHBIX (cM. MpHMepbl , Hopmpt uM OnpaprHla KOHTpallyHKTHpOBaHHA paBHO O6A3aTeCIbHbI AIX NepBOo- Hi, monyckaloulaH yaABpoe H3BOHOrO pasnnyaiorTca KOHTpanyHKT NOJBHKHO Hue. Hue, LonycKaloulH mpeob6pasoBa Toasaxnol KOHTPanyHKT — pod cioKHOrO KOHTpanyHKTa, KOTOPOM TipOH3BOAHOe COeAHHEHHE o6pasyerca B pesyaprare ONCE COOTHOWWEHHA MeJOAHH NepBOHadaIbHOrO nmyTemM HX nepeaBux HH . uTebHO Apyr Apyra. Tio wanpapnenwio cmemeHHA — BepTHKanbHONO (110 BEICOTe) HH TOPH3OHTaNbHoro (BO BpeMeHH) —- pasmMualorcA BepTHKasb- HO-NOABHAKHOH H TOPH3OHTAbHO-NOABHKHOH KOHTPanyHKT; HX COBMeMLEHHE OOpasyer BABOMHEe-NOABHIKHOH KOHTPanyHKT. KOuTpanyHkK?T, AOnycKawWWHH yABOeHHe, — pom caomHOrO KOHTpanyHKTa, B KOTOPOM NPOHSBOAHOe CoeAHHeHHe OOpa3zyetca ymBOeHHeM (OqHOTO, HeEKOTOpBIX, BCexX, yaule — AByx) TomocoB TepuHei HAH ceKcTofi HH AeunMOn cBepxy 1H60 cHHay. ABACHHA NOABWKHOFO HM NOMycKaioulero yABOeHHe KOHTpanyHKta Uc- caeaopan C. H. Tanees 8 kuure «[logeHxHot KOHTpanyHKT cTpororo nucb- Ma» (1909). KourTpanyukT, AONycKawMmul mpeo6pa3zo0BaHne, — pon CAOKHOFO KOHTPanyHKTa, B KOTOPOM NPOW3BOAHOe CoeAHHEHHe NowyyaeTcA OT H3MeCHCHHA Me1OAHH NepBoHa4yabHOrO C NOMOLIbIO Kakoro-s1H60 cnoco6ba ipeoOpasopanua (cm. remy IV). Pasangaiorca KOHTpanyHKTH o6paTuMba, PaKOXOAHbIH, RONycKalOulH yBeiHYeHHe, AOMyCKalOWlwA yMeHbillenue. C. HW. Tanees B cuctemMaTHKy CAOxHOFO KOHTpanyHKTa BKAIOUHA TObKO OG6paTHMbI, Kak HMeIOWHA HaHOomblee MpakTHyecKoe 3Ha4eHHe. § 11. Bepruxaapxo-noxsHxKHon KOHTpanyHKT — BHA NOZBHKHOrO KOHT- panyHkTa, B KOTOPOM MpOH3Bog_Hoe coesHHeHHe OOpaszyeTca nepemMelleHHeM MeOQHH (OMHOH, HEKOTOpBIX, BCeX) NepBOHaYadbHOrO Ha TOT HJM HHO HMHTepBall C M3MCHEHHEM BBICOTHOPO COOTHOUICHHA MeKAY romocamH. 1 H. C. Bax. Apeaoana Ha OGosnauvenua. Huteppaani: npuma 0, cexynaza 1, Tepuna 2, KBapTa 3, KBHHTa 4, cexcra 5, centuma 6, oxTaBa 7 u T. a. Touioca: B neppoua- YaTbHOM COCQHHEHHH OOO3HAUaIOTCA PHMCKHMH WHPpaMH, CUHTad BepXHHh TONOC NepBbIM, 3TH OOOsHaYeHHA COXpaHHIOTCA B MpOH3BOAHHIX coemuHe- Huax. Tlepeqpwxkenua: OyKBa V IPH PHMCKOM UMdpe o3HayaeT BepTHKasb- Hoe MepeABHAeHHEe, YHCIO Mp Heli — HHTepBad, Ha KOTOpHI mepememta- eTca romoc. OTpuuaTetbHoe HCO NOKasbiBaeT NepeABHxKeHHe BepxHErO roj0ca BHH3, HHKHETO — BBepX; NOOMHTEAbHOe — BepXHerO BBEPX, HHK- Hero BHH3 (HampHMep, IY“? — nepenpuxeHue BepxHero rosoca Ha KBapty spepx, [IY2 — nwxnero Ha repunio BHH3, 1Y=~4 — pepxnero Ha KBHH- ty BHH3, ITY"—° — nwxnero Ha cenTHMy BBepx). CoeqHHeHHA: nepBoHa- yasbHoe ycaosuo o6o3nayaetca [+ 11, nponspoquoe LY=™ +]IY"", rae att a mest TO HH HHO€ KOHKpeTHoe 3HayeHHe (Tak, B mpuMepe 3 [Y=—]44 . = TlepectawHoBku roaocos (TouHee, nepezBHxeHHA KOHNTpanyHK- THPYIOWLAX Me@VIOAHH) NPH NONyYeHHH MpovsBOAHOrO COeAHHEHHA BOSMOXKHH caenyiouHe: 1) OHH H3.romOcoB nepexBuraetca, Apyrof octaetca Ha MecTe (npumep 46); 2) ronoca nepegpuHrawTca B OAHOM HanpaBaAcnuu — o6a BHH3 HH (B) BBepx; 3) To x%e B NPOTHBONOMOMHEIX HaNpaBeHHAX, OTMAMAACh (rv) Han cOnmxKascb (a); 4) cOnuxKancb, romoca OKa3HBalOTCA Ha OAHOM 4 yponne (e); 5) mepememasch TeM %Ke NyTeM Mavlee, OHH MEHAIOTCA MECTaMH: * WYXIMA MEpBOHAYabHOrO COCAHHEHHA CTAHOBHTCH B MPOHSBORHOM HHAK- ‘iM, @ HWKHWA — BepxHHM (2K). 6) ry=e +7? Tlepecravoaka, mpH KOTOpOi; BepxHHi rouoc NepBoHayaNbHOro CcoeAH- HeHHA B NPOHSBOAMHOM OCTaeTCA BeEPXHHM Xe, a HHKHHH — HHOKHHM, Ha3bl- BaeTcCd NpaMoi (npuMep 46—y); ronoca Oka3bIBaIOTCA Ha OAHOM YPOBHE, Ha- SbIBaeTCA CMeWaHHon (e); rom0ca MeHAIOTCA MeCTAaMH, Ha3blBaeTCA TPOTH- ponomoxHOn (x). TlocaenHaa uMeeT HanOosbUlee NPAKTHYECKOE 3HAUeHHE. Ilpyxronochoe coefunenue c NpoTHBONOOKHO! nepecTaHosko B MpoH3- BOAHOM HasblBaeTcA ABOHHEM KOHT.P.anyHKTOM (KOTOppIa, caen0- BaTeNbHO, — YaCTHHI cay4ali BepTHKaAbHO-NOABHAHOLO). Buab BEPTHKAADHONOABHKHOTO KOHTPanyHKTa pasaH- YAIOTCA B 3ABHCHMOCTH OT TEXHHYECKHX YCHOBHH COUMHEHHA NEpBOHAYaJb- HOrO COeCAHHEHHA, ONpeAeAAeMBIX TEM, KAKOe HMCHHO Tpe6yeTca MpousBod- Hoe — C IPAMOM WIM MPOTHBONOAORHOH NepecTaHOBKOH HM NepeABUKeHHEM Ha KakOM MHTepBan OHO OOpasyeTcA (HaNpHMep, YCIOBHA COUMHEHHA Tep- BOHAYabHOrO COCAHHEHHA, paccuHTLIBaeMOro Ha OOpas0Banne MPOusBol- Horo NepeABHOKeHHEM Ha OKTABY, Pe3KO Pa3HATCH OT YCAOBHH, o6ecneun- BaiollHX MeuuMHyIO MepecranoBKy). MockombKy TexHONorHA oMpenenmeTca rlaBHBIM O6pas0M MHTepBaioM fepexenxKenHa (TOWHee, BepTHKaIbHbIM nmoKagaTeeM, CM. HHKe), TO H BHA BEPTHKANbHO-MOABHAHOO KONTPAanyHK- Ta Ha3hBaerca MMeHeM 9TOrO HHTeppana (noKasaTena). HanpHMmep, Bep- THKAbHO-NOABHKHOM KOHTPAaNyHKT TEPUHH (HH OKTABHI, HAH AyOMeLHMEL) . Bcero BHAOB CTOIDKO Ke, CKODKO HHTeEPBAOB, HO MpaKkTHYeCKH HaHOosb- lee pacnpocTpaHeHve NOAYUHIK JH HEKOTOPEIE (cm. § 12). 4 Tloka3zaTedb BEPTHKAABHOrO NepeABUKEHHA (2QT. Index verticalis, coxpamenuo Iv, MHOMeCTBeHHOe YC — IIv) yao6ex naa on- peAeneHHA yclOBHH, MPH KOTOPHIX COUMHAeTCA NepBoHadambHoe HO pasy- eT¢H MpOusBOAHOe coemHHeHHe. Ero BeAHYHHa MpeacTaBAReT CYMMY nepe apwxeHHi ronmocos: Iv==] Y"™--I. ¥"". Iv gaer HasBaHne BuAy. IV= 157 JTO DOPTUK Wb HO-NOAB HK OT KOUTPANYHRT oKTaADL, Ly==—]] —_ ABOhHOH KOUTPAnyHKT nYOReHHMM 1 T. A. Beanunny Iv noacuntath Npocto H, 3HaQHT, erKo onpenenuT, BHA BepTuKabHO-noABHAxKHOFO KOHTpanyuKta NTO OcoGeHHO BaxkHO mpH akan3e, Kora BcTpeyaiotca noguac ouenL ; a 1 2 3 % 5 6 *KYULEMCA HECXOACTBE OHH 61H3KO POACTBEHHDI, Tak Kak O64 HanHcaHM c yuerTom ycnosui Iv=—21. Pasnuua xe OObACHAeTCR HEORMHAKOBLIMH Tle. PeABWKeEHHAMH: B NPHMepe 3 [ y==]¥=—l4 “EIT Ve~T gy B MpuMepe 5 Ive [VTTl2 4 Pv=—9 oy, a au- 3necb MHCCOHAHCL! MepBOHayadbHOrO COeMHHEHHA geTaIoTeR AuccoHaH CAMH B IIpOH3BORHOM, HECOBepIIeHHble KOHCOHAHCHI o6paula roan ton NepHIeHHEIe, COBEpPWeHHbIe — B COBepLeHHEe. Hckatowennn: rey) a NepweH RBA KOHCOHAHC, MpeBpaliaiouluiica B A Oo erxoe i COBepWeHHBI KOH . apta (fHccOHaHC, AaloWlnh c _ nueckoe rare nepuonauactenoro H MpoH3BO,HOrO coemHHeH Hi, panto Kak rex WwHueckas Mpoctota, o6ecnewHan Iv=—7 camMoe WHpoKoe mp tae ie Iv=—11 nan —18) B fi i omeuHMb {( . BOHHOH KOHTpanyHkKT Ay — 18) ® ') soey cTpororo mHcbMa 6b caMbIM ya oe eA oone ive TI X KaHOHaX). 1 yTO yo6eH B MHOPOronOcHH cand orate Mexy 3BYYaHHeM MepBOHAadaJIbHOrO H mponaponHoro Coen au “) craw OULYTHMBIMH, KOTZa B amoxy caoGoAHoro Fee ol peng tb Tap” HOM KOHTpanyHKT A KOTO Havasa H ABOHHOH K raanen” “ treo OKTaBHOMY. Cxema o6pa30BaHHA MPOHSBOAHOTO COeAHHEHHA AY) af H. C. Bax. ®yra Ib Was: Tipumenserca rakxxe menee NOgpoGHas 3anvch BepTHKavEHBEIX tepecta- HOBOK, Pe YKa3bIBalOTCA TObKO HHTepBab NepexBHxenus, 6e3 O6o3Haue- HHA Touocon. Tax, B mpHmepe 3 [y==—fe== =—21, B mpumepe 5 Iv= =—12—9=—91. ~~ § 12. Han6oaee ynorpeGureabHble = BHAL BEPTHKaJibHO-NOABHAKHOTO KOHTPanyHKTa: QBOMHOH KOHTpanyHKT OKTaBbI (Iv=—7 un —14), ayoxe- uuMb! (Iv==—I1 Han —18), qenumer (Iv=—9 nan —16). Bo BchkoM AByxron0cHOM COC#AHHEHHH OTAameHHe romocos Ha OKTaBy H3MeHACT 3By¥YaHHe, HO He OTMeHAeT HODM MH MpaBH HCHO/Ib30BaHHA HH- 1d Auvaetca or Iv=—14 wan ~-21; cTtonb xe Mano oTanuaetca Iv——]]1 or Iv==—18, Iv=—9 — or Iv=—I6. Iipwawna mpennoutenua stax BHAOB B TOM, YTO B HHX COXpaHnetcs UpHOH3HTeAbHOe cooTReTCTBHE KOHCOHHPYIOIMHX H JHCCOHHPYIOULHX HHTep- BaJlOB B MepBOHAYaAbHOM H NpOH3BOAHOM coeaHheruax. Hanpotus, 8 asoii- HOM KOHTpanyHKTe cenTuMbI (Iv=—6), noun (Uv=—8), yyaeunmu (Iv== =—10) Takoro cooTBeTcTBua Her. Kpome Kavonwyeckux cexaennuit (cm HCOHAHC B TlepBoHa- : _ HHe CeKCTH (KO! ; . § 27), stH Baa KOHTpanyHkTa MpuMeHstoTca peaKo. Tanecs NPHBOAHT OcuopHaa ocoGeHHocTb ntumy (ameconane B MIpOH3BOMHOM) H CenTHMbL mpyMeppi: Berxosen. «TopaecrsenHaa Mecca», Agnus Dei, Presto, Iv==6; Ya/IbHOM COeAHHEHHH) > 69, n aMepH HCNONb30BaHHA (MOMHMO KaHOHHye- Yaitkosckni. Cumonun No 2, 4 IV, vr. 73—88, Iv—=—l, Cm. Take: B cexcry. Cm. Taxae § 62. IIp Xuugemurt. Ludus tonalis, Fuga in G, r. 24—28, Iv==—99. UWeazpun. Pyra ckHx cexpenuni): ITH, 7. 27—30, 35—38; «Hcexycctso pyru>, 23. Sales 2) Ne 2 a-moll, 7. 4—9, Iv=—13. t. 9—17, 42—50; Berxosen. Conara Ne 31, @yra, 7. 5-8, 20—23. = —16) npume- ao = oh enuuMst (Iv==—9 Hn Asotuok wourpan YHKT OkTaBR (IvV—=—7 HaH —14) Xapak- Mpoknon k on 7Pa NNeHHe KOHCOHANCH nepBOHayabHOrO CoeAHHe- TePH3yeTCA CHeMYIOULHM COOTHOMIeEHHeM NepBOHayabHOro H MpOH3BOZHOTO waTeseH TeM, ¥TO. HecoBep: 6 JOTCH B COBEPLUeHHEIe H HaoGopoT: coequHennit: HWA B MPOH3BOAHOM COeAHHeHHH OOpaliia . 17 16Tnasuoe cpoe oO6pasne ero He cr ‘OJIBKO B pa3a.I WabHor Pa3.1H4HH 3By4aH - 0 H MpoHsBomHoro coenuHeHHi (Tem Oonee, uTO Iv 9 coors = 0 Iv=—9 HW poscTBeHHHX [y= ~—2, Iv= —5 HaxoOQut NpHMeHeHHe OC AH- HEHHAX C YABOCHHAMH raocoB. CM TakKe § 63. TIpumep CaMOCTORTeb- B coex HOrO HCNOb30BaHHA: «Hcxycctso yrn», Canone II, T. 4 8, 9—12. Cnomunnk H NOKa3aTeNb momyuaercs, KOrMa MepBOHAdaRBHOe coe- | AMHeHHe COUHNAeTCA Cy 4ueTOM ocoGeHHocTeii an r A ABYX HH He TED B Ona eS BKHOTO KOHTpanyHkta (cM. TaKye § 65). Ha tancco aapnonas FO H3B€KalOTCH 2Ba HH HeCKOAbKO pasHoxa a 3 8 NPOHSBOAHOTO coeAHHeHHA, HampuMep: panrepHey B. A. Mouapr. Pexsuem, Kyrie j Hc < HOAbIOBaHHE PASIHYHDIX NepesBHKeHHH — IPHeM CAOKHBIT H apTH- CTHYHBIA. OHH #3 3amMeyaTey) x _ Zg p HEHBI A310} i HM@CHEH CIbHEHLIH o6p LOB II Tae 0 BCe ynoTpe6uterbubie BUAB BEPTHKa/IbHO-NOABHXKHOrO KOHTpanyHKra: coe AWHEHHE Nle€pBoHayadbHoe — 7. 5—6; NPpOH3BOQHHIE — T. 13—17 Wv=—14, ? T. 28-32 Iv——1]] __ _! § 16). » T. 32-36 Iv==—2 1, 36—40 Iv==—16 (cm. tTaxxe 18 § 13. Muororosocnnit BEPTHKAAbHO-NOABHAHOH KOHTPaRYHKT OTHOCHT- iM K O6NaCTH C1OXKHOH KOMMOSHTOPCKOM TeEXHHKH. . TpexroamocHHil BePTHKAAbHO-NOABHKHOM KOHTPpa- “wYHKT BecbMa pacmpocTpaneH. Kak H B JBYXTOJOCHH, B MpOH3BOAHOM + UCHHCHHH BO3MOXKHbI NpAMas, CMelaHHad H NPOTHBONOOKNAA Mepecta- Hoku (MOcHeANAA Mpec6sanaer). Tpexronocnoe coemuHeHHe C TMocaesylo- WOH NPOTHBONOAOKHO NepecTaHoBKOH B mi060h 43 Tpex map rosocos (To YCTb B MPOH3BOAHEIX COCAHHEHHAX KaXK [bl H3 TONOCOB MOXKET 6uITh Bepx- 1M, CP@AHHM HJM HIXKHHM) Ha3bIBaeTCA’ TPOMHHIM KOHTPanyHKTOM. Bos- WOXKHBI 6 KOMOHHaLH — neppoHayatbHoe coekHHeHHe H 5 MpOH3BOMHHIX: I Il “ot I tl nl ul I Il 1 nr W Ml i I it I 1 Bux Tpoiiworo KOHTpanyHKTa onpemerseTca No NepecTaHoBkaM B KaxK- v B HMKHeH Iv” =I1Y= Rot nape ronocos: B BepxHeli _Iv’=1Y"™ +I =n, “MLTTTY=" (sgecb Il okasbipaeTcaA BEpXHHM FOviOCcOM H ero NepeABHKe- MHA OOOSHAYAIOTCA MOJIOXKUTEALHBIM HAH OTPHWATEAbHBIM YHCOM COOTBET- erpenHo), B Kpatnet IVE=IV=™-+II[Y"". SaKonomepHocTb Tpolinoro xoHTpanyuKta: Iv’--Iv’==IvE. Campim YNOTpeOuTeIbHHIM ABAHeETCA TPOR- io KOHTpaNyHKT OKTaBBI (TO ecTb KaxKMad H3 Map rowocoB MHIeTCA NPH lv==—7). «Husenunonnoe> (2ar. inventio — u306petenve) ucnonb30BaHHe ero BOsMOxKHOcTel OTAWYaeT CuHdonuo Ne 9 f-moll, rae NepponayambHOe eoenuHenHe — ‘T. 3—4, mponsBozHEIe — T. 7—8 (I-IH+4), 1. 11-12 (III+1+IL), 7. 18-19 (I[+I+I); Baxom ne npHmenentt I+114+ll « WI++1. UerpepHo KORTPanyHKT (TOABKO OKTaBHBIA) oOpasyerca, ec- aH YETBIPEXTOMOCHOe NepBOHaTaTbHOe COeAHHEHHe AOMyCKaeT MPOTHBONO- JIOMKHBIC HepecTaHoBKH B KaxKAOH u3 6 map ronocoB (23 mpoHsBORHEIXx coe- jtuHenua). [IpHMenaetca HapeaKa, H 9TO BCeTAa CBUAeTCALCTBO OUEHb BbI- €OKOFO KOHTPanyHKTHYeCKOrO MacCTepcTBa. B. A. Mouapt. Ksapter B-dur K. 458, 4. 1V [Allegro assai] T.98-102 Pon oT te a itFipumepss, pofxof Kontpanynxt. Ic, TAs As Ge jan » Te, Vd (vr. 11—12, 14-15 tpoftuof Kourpan : ksapraeaiy). Me 23 tTpofvoh KOHTpanyHKT oKTaBH Cc nepectanoexann 4a nony 4 wea THe) wapt. Keapter G-dur K. 387, 4. IV, raapuaa naptus; B a Cons tonalis, Fuse ine any emu op. 38, 4. III, raanvasa naptua; Xnnnene Lud i . » T. 35—37—40 wn 43—45—48: rf j ; ten ‘teondeneccar mee at at 5—48; Woctaxoauy. dyru C-dur, Fis-duy 4: bee eeeepanyanr. Tlanectpuua. Mecca nan Mapyeano Kyrie, rt. 9 have Caaf an 28—30; «Ctpactn no Mardews, apua Ne 26, naptua 0 * M i + K, 543, 9. II, 1, 76-81, 109—115; Taneen, Kautara Ne 2. Ne . i) fo 2, Ne 9} BonHoOA T 4; ; Fig ma xop, TI-|4k: Ulocraxoswy. yr e-moll (1-2 tema), As-dur. OllapTy MpHHadneKHT YHHKaAbHBA nATepHoi KoH ' ounn «, Havarbuble Mpopesenua MAACOBOH TeMBI) . -NOABHKHOH KOHT, } KOR Deny PanyHKT — Bua nm re apo nnae 8 KoTopom NpOH3BOAHOe cCoemHHeHHe oOpasyeres nameneun, % meron mononne ( OWe@HHA MOMEHTOB BCTYNeHHH KONTPanlyHKTApyioulHx raetea ita ty aa OfHa, HeKOTOpble) NepBoHayaNbHOrO COeHHEHHA CABH- aM) fon eneca (aye AAMTENHOCTS «BNepen» (<«BIpaBpo» NO ropu30HTa- orem azan> [) Wureppanbuoe oTnomenne rono0cop NIpH 3Tom 4 ice horlcontalie) Mane aabHOrS cMeuenua (oGo3Hayaetca Ih — | ; KOJIN4ECTBOM PHT: Ht HH TaKTOB; B npHMepe 11 Ih pape BocbMon PRTMUSTCCEH TEUITEABHOCTER | cM. Kony dunana cum4 M. Paseap. Fpo6uuua Kynepena, Pyra | 11 [Allegro moderato] Tloxo6uuie « MHCThI€> CAYYaH QOBO. BHO PeRKH; mePeeKenie coBMellaetca c¢ BepTHKaaeneM COnNHO FOPHSOHTaBHOG HHe-NOAB 1 5 i ABHKHOH KOHTpPanyHKT oGpeaquHaer cpBolictna PTHKaJ - H ropH3 -NOABHKHOTO HpOH3B0X - BepT bHO 0. OHTaIbHO-nOT! HOe CoedH e€ ol I: , HeHH! 6 . i pasyeTca oHOBpeMeHHEIM TOPHSOHTAJIbHBIM H BePTHKaJIbHbIM nepenBHkKe- HEM C H3MeHeHHeM BPeMeHHOFO H BEICOTHOTO COOTHOWCHHA MexK ly TOnO- camu. Hanpumep, 8 IC nenonp3ytotes: 7. 7—8 KaHou (conmpaHo — TeHop) p 2 BOCbMBIe B HHXKHIOI YHAEMLMY, T. 24—25 (Tenop — aabT) B 4 BOCbMHIe B BePXHIOIO YHACLUMY; T. 91—22 (conpano— Tevop) B 6 BOCbMBIX B HIDK- wor cexcty; T. 14—15 (anbt — Gac) B 8 BOCbMBIX B HeOKHIOIO YHACUHMY; ry. 11—12 (anpT —Tenop) B 10 BOCBMEIX B HHDKHIOIO centumy. Kom6nnaltun CyMMHpOBaHbl B weTLpexrosOcHol CTpeTTe T. 16—18. BeprukambHaa mepectaHoska yrayOnaeT pesmbed@HOCTh TOpHSOHTAMbHO- ro CMelleHHA, MpHTOM MocseAHee TEXHHYECKH Arde sunonnumo. [aa H3- MepeHHA BbICOTHBIX H3MeHeHHA MOMKeT ObITh HCMONb3OBaH Iv, HO 3eCb OH He onpemenneT BHAA BePTHKA/IbHO-MODBUKHOFO KOHTPANyHETA, Tak Kak OT- cyTCTByeT 3aBHCHMOCTh Mey HHTepBaaMH B MepBOHAYaIbHOM H MPOHs- BOJHOM COeHHEHHAX, 2g 3438 Tpumepot. errax: Mecca h-moll, Ne 12, 7. 6, 12, 17, oavha? ‘Mouapt. Oyra 1. Tpwmenente B .CTp c-moll aan ctpynupx K. 546; [aasyxos. @yra a-moll op. 101, 7. 148, 162, 179, 206, 214; WWocraxosuy. Dyra C-dur, t. 79, 87. 2. PasHoTreMHble nepeABWKeHHA: Taasynos. Cumpouna NM 7, 4. Il, cp. {20} m |23| (spoinot BAsofve-noABMAHOK KOHTpanyHKT); CpeqH peAKHxX Mpumepos Me- Oprannaa oyra Es-dur BWV 552, Bd. III, 1. 90; 4 {r6|; Tanees. Kantata Ne 2, Ne 3, Tpofivaa yra, ro npoTHsocnoxenns Igis, ItAs, IH. penaWxeHHA TeML H yAepxKaHHO paspaza (§ 26, 27): cm. HOT- 3. Ochopanie KaKOHOB H KaHOHHYeCKHX cexpenunit I wpe mpHMepst 236, 286. § 16. KonrpanyHkt, Ronyckaloulweh yABOCHHE, 10 cymrectBy OH30K BepTHKa/bHO- po_BWKHOMy, Tak Kak yABaHBaroMHA ronoc —ToT xe yABaHBaemuli, nepexecenant BBEpX HH BHH3 Ha HHTepBat yABOCHHA. [lostomy npH HanucaHHH NMeppoHadanbHoro coeAHHeHHA yHTHBaIOTCA YyCIOBHA coorsetetsyiomero Iv. [aa Kpafueil napy ronocop B TIpHMepe 126 Iv=—3+5=2, B npuMepe 128 IWw=441=5. . B npowasoaHoM coeAHHeHHH ronoca MoryT He TOABKO YABaHBaTECA, HO Tp STOM take NepeasuraTbca c npaMow HaK HpOTHBONOAORHOR nepectanoBxok, TpyAHOCTh aHa- - ym3a B TaKAX cayyaax BO3pactaeT, TAK Kak JEPKO cTupaeTca pasauupe MexkAy TonocaMH yABaHBaeMBMH. H yABaHBAIOUIKMH. Jlaa onpexenenua Iv w oGued KapTHHtt fepecTaHOBOK cnenyeT YYHTEIBATb NepeABHKeHHA B KaxOl Mape pasHOTeMHBIX POAOCOB. Tak, B NpHme- pe 12 r mpowspoqnoe coenHHenHe uernpexromocHoe: IA conpaHo H texopa lv=—4—12= =-—-16, ana Kpaiveh napb rou0coB Iv=—6—12=—18, aaa cpeaHei nap Iv=—4—10= =—14, aan ampta w 6aca lv=—6—10=—16. B npumepe 12a ana sepxHeit mapb TouOCcoB Iv=3—5=—2, ana wwxnel lv=—6+4=—2, Aaa cpeduell Iv=—6—5=—I1, aaa Kpait- nei nap Iv=3+4=7 (cM, Take aHasHs TlepecTaHopok B § 12). Caenosateabio: 1) neppowatampHoe coenHHeHHe Hanucano np Iv=—12, —14, —16, —18 ¢ yueTOM oco- Gennocteh Iv=—2, 5, 7; 2) nepecTaHoBKH 1px pasHxX NMoKa3saTerAX, ocymecTBneM be MOpO3Hb, CyMMHPyIOTCA B T. 59-62, KOTOpHle ABIAMIOTCA KOHUTPanyHKTHYeCKH BEMOANEHHOR KyabMunaunel, Besynpewnocts pelleHna Tpyaneimen saya4H BHAeIACT oyry Kak BH- gawulniica o6pasel, MacTepCcTBa. H.C. Bax. @yra HgIIpumene HHe O6nuHO cBAgaH Oo ¢ ynuotHe aocon, Yale B paaB 3 nner ee TEMS neo cexbeiiy, (een H . pasgenax, Tonoca ‘yabautoavren ‘vane. ; . NpHMep » CTpettax (Ib ren rasynon, yrn op. 101), ovens pacnpoct; OF orem eeevoullte anne ( aneoncxni Cumouna Ne 6, 4. H) , CHOBHH HanucaHu : A KOHTpanyxkta, 70; ne cae ne . AONyCKaiowlero yABOeHHE, ze neaonaeasen a3aHbI HEKOTOpHe H3 BOSMOMKHWX). Mpoctetumat cx 4 ‘i a eyoyaronve. twepny Oe COeAHHeHHe, AonycKalowee yrROeHHe Bepxnero "yoseee repunea nuwerca n = rani aun oe , pu Iv=2, ycaopua Koroporo azech: 4 TI (paspacherve zany one, IX O603Ha- 4eHHA CM. B 55); uekmouaet TIp#MO0e napajnenbuoe HKeHHe 2K § ); HeKm eTCa NpHm H PaANeTbH' ABH KeHH MOKHH ii 5 H i PaHeHht YacTHYHBle H HeTOWHHE YABOCHHA ron vi auseres TepuveA CHH3Y NpH AONOAHHTeADHOM or : HHA ronoc T i oc Tepunelt cuHay, Tpe6yetca Iy== Aylune 3 5 8 HCKWMOYaeTCH na »eHHe), CenTHM; (i) - : ‘pannuenHH 8. Tpyanee yapouTs sepx- » YCHOBHA KOTOpOrO B ZaHHOM cayyae cye- an Padean3am Tepuni, qeuHM (K HAM BO3MOxKHO MpaMoe ABH Npekeabunh nnTeppan cOmixKeHHR Toro. COB — Tepluua., Hix . HHA Todo yApansaetca 10 ” Tepuueh cBepxy npH AONONHHTeENBHOM orpaHHyennn To. wae MOCOB HYIKEH CHOOKHMH NOKasaTenb (cM. § 65, yn ne OCR Mpunepu , Yipaxkuenne 68). (oKoHYaHHe) ; Mouapr. Ave verum K. 618, 1. 30; Tauees, | 4. I, 113); Taasynos. Conata Ne 2 op. 75, 4. ITI, penprsa «Hoan Tlamackuns, » : 4 § 17, O6paTHMbli KONTpanyHKT — BHD monycKaioulero Mpeo6pasopaHHe KOHTPanyHKTa, B KOTOPOM MPOH3BOAHOe COeAMHEHHE noayyaetca OT O6pa- INGHHA OHO HH HEKOTOpDIX (HETO.IHDIH o6patumbii) aH60 scex (noanBlit n6paTHMBI) MeqO.MA NepBOHAayaJBHOrO. Tlonnplt uw HenosHbH cyTb ABe DCHOBHEI€ PasHOBHAHOCTH OOpaTHMOrO KOHTPanyHKTa. Zepkasbubla KOHTPanyHKT — npoctelimHi u camblit ynoTpe6u- feabHbllt — 3ToO TOAHBIN OOpatHMbli KOHTPaNyHKT, B MPOHSBOAHOM coeaH- WCHHH KOTOPOrO COOTHOLIEHHE Bepxuell H HMKHeH MenORHi MeHAeTCA Ha POTHBOTONOAHOe; IPH STOM HHTEPBalbl MCKAY romocaM¥ ocTaloTcA TeMH see (OTUerO H HET 30€Cb BEPTHKAAbHO-NOABHAHOTO KOHTpallyHKTa, HecMOT- pa Ha NpOTHBONONOKHYIO nepectaxosky). Hassanue OObDACHAeTCA TEM, YTO {IpOH3BOAHOe COeAHHeHHE rpausecKkH MOMOGHO MepBOHAvasbHOMY, OTPa- }KEHHOMY B 3epKavle, NocTaBeHHOMY MOl HOTHOM cTpoKoOH (TOT +e pesysb- TaT Nonyuaetca MPH UTeHHH CMpaBa HaleBo nepepepHyTOrO NepBOHaua.ib- noro). B npumepe 13 npHBedeubt nepponayaabHoe (a) HK MPOH3BOAHEIE CO- eqHHeHHA — rpadHueckH TOYHOE (6) H npuMenenHoe Baxom (8). H. C. Bax. @yra IG Henoannf o6paTHMblaé KOHTPaNyHKT MeHEee ynotpe6uteser u Gonee CAOMKEH, TAK KaK B MPORSBOAHOM COeAHHEHHH HeoweBHIHA 3aBHCH- MOCTb OT HHTepBaslOB NepBOHAYabHOTO. B npumepe 14 stopok apyTaxT — TPaHCNOHHPOBaHHOe NPOHSBOAHOE COCAHHEHHE. H. A. Pumcxuit-Kopcaxos. Ckasaine 0 HeaHaHMoM rpane Kutexe w nese Pespounn, a. IV 14 [Andantino] 23Tl nonionic OOnosreeepaTuatoro KOHTpanyHKta BeCbMa MHOroo6pa3Ho. Me- MeTACMOE C KOHTPanyHKTH p HHEM, BbINBHHYJIO o6patum Ft juice epencrae npe. BIH KOHTPanyHKT Kak BaxKHey o6pa3z0BaHuA, ocobeHH exe Bro 8 byes O B OHOTEMHBIX opm p PMaX, Tpexge Bcero B re. B XTK oro on is propia cnoco6op pa3BHTHA, BcTpeyaetcr B cone. H B CHCTeMe crpeTT (II]b); on Howax («MyspikanbHoe mp . rap. Kouurer e-moll HouleHHe», Ne 5 4 iM Rt06 a hee ; , No ap.; Mouapt. Keuuter c-moll . . , Trio al Rovescio), B 2xura it K renotbonss porean ), rax (Auraniickan cionta No 6), ny ante ovnoctn we o6paTuMoro wNOABUKHOFO KOHTpa- yur ynpollacren ec ea TPYAHBIX PasnenoB TeopHH. O3HaKomvleHne , JIOBHTbCH CHHTATb NepBoHayan cu bBHBIM He CoegaH- scpeameaee on AsWxKeHHRK (mpHMep 15a), a NponsBonHDIe oT Hero — B paayanre Hs * nha. anak oOpauleHna) H HenomHOM o6paTuMom (e) KOHT- . Ha3BaTb BTOPHYHLIMH NepBOHaya/IbH BIMH CoesHH : MH 2A8 OG6pa3z0BaHHA NpPOH3BOAHEIX B MOABYOKHOM KOHTpanyHKtTe. mavens 6) Iv +0~ B pesy.iprate mpHMeneHua: 1) BEPTHKa/bHbIX NepecTaHOBOK nowyqaror- Pil TIPOH3BOAHbIe COCAHHEHHA B BEPTHKaJIbHO-O6paTHMOM KOHTpanyBKTe lonHoM (B) H HenodaHOM: (2K); 2) POPH3OHTAbHBIX nlepeABHXeHHA — npo- jBOAHBIE B FOPH3OHTAa/IbHO-OOpaTHMOM KOHTPallyHKTe MOJHOM (r) H He- ilomHom (3); 3) TeXHHKH BRBOMHE-MOABHKHOTO KOHTPanyHKTa — TIpOH3Bon- ble B BEPTHKAbHO-TOPH3OHTAbHO-OOpaTHMOM KOHTPAMyHKTe NOAHOM (a) W HemoaHOM (H). ITpumepot. «Hcxyecrso §=yru», Contrapunctus XI] (4erepexroaocu 3epkambiblit) Contra- punctus XHT (rpexroaocumi BepTHKasbHo-oOpaTHMniit); Mowaprt. @®yra c-moll aaa cTpyx- wbx K. ‘546; Tawees. @optentanwwi kKeaptet op. 20, punar (wenoaHEIit BepTHKaTbHO- oGpatumeti); Tpokodpes. Conata Ne 4, 4. Hl (ro xe); Pasens. «Ppo6unua Kynepenay, (byra; Wocrakosmy, @yra E-dur; Ifenpuu. «24 npemoanu 4 dbyra», Ne 1 Hn 24. § 18. Pakoxoaumii KoNTpanyHkKT — BHT AolycKatouero mpeoOpa3zona- lide KOHTpanyHKTa, B KOTOPOM MpOHsBOAHOe coeAMHeEHMe MOsyuaerca OT KOCNPOH3BEEHHA B BOSBPATHOM ABHAKEHHH OAHON HH HEKOTOPBIX (Herion- Heit pakOXOAHEI), Yale Beex (MOAHBIM pakoxogubli) Metognit neppoHa- yanbHoro. TIpnmepyl BcTpeyaloTca & CTapHHHOH My3bIKe («Mol kone — moe Hayao», B cO.: Puiiom ae Mauro. Aucam6au. M., 1975), n3penKa y Baxa: («MyspikatpHoe mpHnouenne», Ne 3), Mouapta (cm. npumep 18), Tatiana. Winpoko npumeuseTcs HEKOTOPbIMH KOMMO3HTOPaMH XX Beka, He- peAKO B KOMOHHAWHK C COpaTHMBIM KOHTpanyHKTOM (Léu6epr. «: B IpHMepe 16 MaTepHanoM COMpOBOKAAaOWAX HMUTAUHA CAyKaT @pasbi OcHoBHOro HaneBa (B CONpaHo) B ABYX- H YeTIPeXKpaTHOM yMeHB- IWeHHH, ¥eM ROCTHraeTCA NOAHEI TeMaTHaM (baKTypBI. YMeHbIeHHe YacTO NPHMEHAAOCh B pHuepKapax, banta3zvax (CBeaunK. Xpomatuyeckan cbantasua in d), norma B pyrax (IJE; Contrapunctus VI; Wocraxosny. Pyra Fis-dur, r. 117; Bepr. «Bouuex», a. HI, 7. 63), nspea- Ka B KaHOHaX; OHO ABAAeTCA O6bIUHBIM cpeacTBOM paspa6oTKH (Baruep. «Hiopr6eprcxue mefcrepsunreppi>, Yaepriopa, T. 122), monuoun3auHn TKaHu (PaxmanHHos. Pancogua wa Temy TlaraHnnn, Bapnauna X; cM. Tak- we mpumep 208), BKmo¥uan scdekTHEH mpweM coBMeLeHHA BapHaHTOB MOTHBA, CleAYIOWHX PasHbIMH ANMTebHOCTAMH (PumcKHit-Kopcakos. «Caa- ko», Hayao Betynaenua; Crpapuuckui. , xop «Macnennia Mo- Kpoxsocrka», |68| 2). Baarogapa o6mHoctu ronocd npoyHo cBa3bBaloTCA B Wen0e. Orcioza cneayeT, YTO HMHTAUHA —~ BaKHbI NpHHUHN OprakH3a- UHH NOAHDOHHYECKON MYSbIKH. ‘ : 2. UmMuraunei uate x . a3bIBaeTCA cnOcO6 H30>%KeHHA HW pa3sBHT - tTuyeckOro MaTepHasa. paspuTig Tema Tosoc, neppbim W3naraioulH MeNOAMYeCKHA MaTepHad, HasbiBaeTca Ha- 4HHaIOWHM HAH Mpondctot (uraz. proposta — npetuomenne), o6o3Ha4ua- 28 ms y etcn P. [onoc, BOCNpOH3BOAAMLHH MaTepHad, H3I0KeHHbIA B HadHHalouleM, Ha3bIBaeTCH HMHTHPYIOWWHM HAM pHenécToh (uTaa. risposta — OTBET, BO3- paxkenue), o6o3Hauaetca R. B HMHTAUHOHHOM TpexronOCHH PHCMOCT ABE —~ R, uw Ro. KontpanyHkt K WMHTHpylolkemy rosocy, CnemyIOUlHi B NepBOM rooce MO OKOHYaHHH B HEM HMHTHPYeMOH Me/IOQHH, Ha3blIBaeTCA MPOTH- BocsoxeHnem (o603Hayaetca C. p. nan IT). HuanBHAyaqH3upoBaHHan MeJOAHA, HaNOKeHHaA B Mponocte, Ha3biBa- etca temo (T); HMHTHPOBaHHas B pHcMocTe, OKA HMEHyeTCH OTBCTOM (O). Temoii HMeHYeTCA TOKO AOCTATOYHO pa3sBHTHIh H O*opMJieHHBIH MaTepH- an. Haspaune «oTBeT> MpHMeHAeTCA O6buHO K HMHTAQHH B dyre. Foroca HagblBaloTca NponoctToH w pucnocToH Aub Tora, Kora B HUX MPOBOAHT- CA HMHTHpyembIit MaTepHan (06a TePMHHa Yallle NPHMEHAIOTCA K KaHOHy). «Umuraunay H . Ka- Honn 4, 5); 2) mpon3pemeHHe, OCHOBaHHOe Ha TeXHHKe KaHOHHYeCKOH, TO €CTb HENpepHIBHOH HMHTALHH, B KOTOPOM BOCNPOM3BORHTCA BeCb MaTepHast nepsoro rosioca. TexHH¥eCKH KaHOH — CJl@OBaHHe HMUTHPYEMBIX 3BeHbeB M@JOAHH: COCTOHT H3 a) HauaJIbHOrO MegqOAHYeCKOrO 3BeHa B Mponocte Kh BOCIIPOH3BeAeHUA eTO B pucmocre, 6) MposonxKeHHA STOR MeOAHH B Mpo- Nocre H BOCHpoHsRemenHA B PHCMOcTe H TaK AaNee. SBeHDA, PABHbIe KaXK- jloe paccTOmHHio BCTYNACHHA, Ha3BaOTCA OTMe1aMH KaHOHa (B Hpumepe 23a ux 9). BurpasnTenbHoe KayecTBO KaHOHa — MA@KCHMAJbHOe €QHHCTBO HOAO6HOrO, KOHWERTPHpOBaHHoe BONNOWeNHe OOpasa, cocpemoToueHHe My- | BbIKaJIbHOM MBICAH. TepMHHb «KaHOH> H «KAaHOHHGeCKad UMHTAallWA> OAW3KH, HO HE COBCEM ONHOSHAYHEI: KAHOH — CaMOCTOATebHOe NMPOHSBeACHHE H/IH OTHOCHTCJIbHO 3aBepileHHoe MocTpoenHe; KaHOWM¥eCKaA HMUTaUHA — a) cnoco6 H310%Ke- HHA Han 6) nocTpoenne, Te OHa NepexogHT B HHOe NPOAOMKEHHE. Daa . onpezenenua HCHOAb3yIOTCA Te Ke TEPMHHH, uTO AIA npocroh HMHTAallHH. Oranune of npocToh# AMHTAULHH CBOAHTCA K OovbulelH nocue- JOBATENBHOCTH OCYWECTBCHHA NpHHUMNa nepeAauH MaTepHata OT rouoca K rovlocy. PopMasbHM NpHsHak KaHOHHYeCKOH MMHTAauHH — BOCITPOH3Be- Meuve B pHcnocte 2-ro orgena. Tipu HeOobuoM paccTOAHHH BCTYNAeHHA OTAEAOB MOWKHO GuITh Goalie: KaHOHHYeCKOe KavecTBO OGHapyxuBaeTca, KOPMa CKNaAbBaeTcA HMHTHPyeMan MeNOAHA, OONatalollad CAaMOCTOATeAb- ° HOH O6pa3HO-TeMaTHYeCKOH 3HaYHMOCTHIO. Buabl KaHOHAa pasnnyaioTca: 1) nO KOmMNeCTBy MponocT — C onHOR (MpocTbe HI OAHHapHble) H C HECKOJbKAMH (apofHbe, Tpolinpie); 2) no NpH3Haky KOHEYHOCTH HH NOBTOpAeMOcTH -— KOHeYHBIE H GeckoneuHEe; 3) flo papeHcTsy HAH HepapeHeTBy paccTOsHHi BcTyNeHHA — I w Il pas- pana; 4) no xapaKTepy HMHTHpOBaHHA — oOblanble HC Npeo6pasopaHHa- Mu; 5) To cTeneHH NOLOGHA PHCNOCTHI H HpomocThl — NOME H YaCTHAHBE, a Take ctporve u cBoGogHble. TocneaHne — c NepeMeHHBIM HHTEPBaOM BCTYMMeHHA HAH C HETOUHBIM HMHTHPOBAHHeM (Kavonnyeckne BapHaltHH uid oprava BWV 769, sapvaung V; CxpaGun. Mpeaoaun h-moll op. 11). Ecau cnopo «KaHou» ynotpebanetca Ges yTOuHAIOMLHXx onpenenennit, TO OHO O3HayaeT KaHOH KOHeYHWH, npocTo#, Ges npeo6pasopanni (noa- pasymespaloTca H He yYKa3biBaloTCa cpolictBa: KOKeYHBI, cTpornii, roanHi). B ocraabHblx cayuaax Tpe6yloTca yTOUHAIOWHe ONpeneteHHA. Tlo cpoemy crpoenHio (c TOUKH 3peHHA pa3BepTHBAHHA B TOPH3OHTAdb- HOM MlaHe) KaHOHBI OCHOBLIBAIOTCA Ha KOMNO3HILHOHHBIX CxeMaX, Paclpo~ CTpaHeHHEIX B AaHHY!O XyMOKECTBEHHY!O 9NMOXy. Tax, B HHBeHUHH No 2 c-moll KaHOH «BioxeH» B NepHod THNa paspepTHeanua. Canone Il x3 «Hcxycctsa yru» copMeliaeT POpMBI: TpexuacTHylo da capo (t. 25—76, 77—103), o@HOTeMHy!o coHaTHy10 (NoGo4Haa MapTHA — T. 41, B penpu3e: 7. 61 w raapHaa naptun — T. 77), CTapHHHYlO KOHIepTHyio (tema — T. 25, 41, 61, 77, unrepmeanu — T. 29, 44, 65). B XVIII—XX pexax B KaHOH O6neKaioTca roOMOMOHHBIe POpMbL: MepHOA (Betxosen. Cumdonun Ne 4, q. Lt. 141—177), apyxuactnaa (Cxpa6an. Kanon d-moll) # TpexuactHaa 2. YaeGuuK morHporun 33wo wee a ao e se 299528 5 CFEC a = Xnomox aE ON ZGRE A e REO me zg SUEsss a8 oN Saas & a & oI Q 8.58 Sa suyuzez@ = wT Ro Se | ,69 3 & EEN ES y == Sx Og EER YrAWYEE PE zsePoius Sa EZRrasg Ba EecSwes ~~ eateas 5a Seak 22 FE¥EEm a Soma 9, 3¥ laa az Zo OBE Ze O965uUan ES £62“ 988 B SEO y x RO xx Tg me ec qezr.® So Ya SRE xO Aaa eS rH me 2 ofa oFe* Pe Zed Oonrygm” _ GK sis 3m S mead mo OUR RE | zr, @Eeeskog ae ox od RESYESS, I se2foearag hy Bo BF ae Ee *Quewh as | 22,8 Sr 5 a r Eg OE Oa OE st ak a Il °o =o oO ee. FS son Rot x azo} =se@bowexooa” a5° as Ho S35 oes maak ewe .. aa S82o5 On BEX G yb f a “ 2 =a at * ° i Ns «as 6 §& 25 2 = 8 a Po = ow SS 98 SO tea = goog - ey an O° REY Se = of & g 25: a ° =g & >o “x Re e 6 x = 2 ga 8 Es o 2. = am Dz xO vo 3 a” S 5 2 = 3 oe & gax a= £ zg sc 2 598 ~~ s "se =, ~*~ sme Sa om $95 “x = CER a oE— 2 @2e ab & FO” 3 a = i= x= @ Za oS = x e° 8 dg —_ iM LO om mz wo oe oR Ss. 68 = ca FF =a mw° & oF =x (Od Mor zo =: 5 oz £ x= & na x ae f 3s mT 8 . he x eo mE os os na 6 su 9 .o am B aZze Se or.) [3 Sex ele eS ge Omg sc 4 om & 60a Fe Bganes ER a. . © 8 aes FF R. win (Hu) Re—Rs) He paBHo paccrosnmio MexaAy P wu R, (npumep 236). dopmur | paspaga Tpe- it Mexay pucnoctamH (Ri CTGAHHeE BCTYMACHH 6yioT MpHMeHeHHA BepTHKATbHO-NOABHMHOrO, I] paspAaa — POPH3OHTaVIb- HO- HJIH BABOHHe-NOABHKHOTO KOHTpanyHkTa. B, A. Mouapt. Kanon K. 508 Ne 12 A. K. Jiagos. Kanon,Ecam ron0ca Bcrynaiot B OAHOM HallpageHHH B OAHHAKOBH HHTepBar (Hanpumep, Idis, 7. 52—53, 54-55), To KaHOH MHIMeTCA B MpOCTOM KOHT- panyukte, Tak Kak Iv—=—m-+n=0. TlononHuTenbune ycnoBHa: 3 Korga e P sepxnui, 8 Korza P HwxKHHA rosoc. Bce cKa3aHH0e OTHOCHTCA K KaHOH C JOG6BIM KOJIHYECTBOM FovlocoB. i B yerspexroaOcHblx KaHoHaXx I paspsaa KOHTpanyHKTH4eckHe KOMOH- i HauHH SHAYHTeADHO Gomee CIOKHH, TaK Kak OOpasyloTcA Ba MepBoHa- YaJIbHEIX COeMHHEHHA, AaloulHe TpH MponsBoO_HbIX. MoxHo OrpaHHYHTbCA | IIpumenenue BepTHKAAbHO-NOABHKHOLO KOHTPanyHk- IpHBellenHem npHMepa — cTpeTTit H3 pyr Taneepa (oT T. 4 KaHOH | “a MOKa3aHO B CHeMYIOULHX CXeMaXx: PeXOMUT B KaHOHHYECKy!O CeKBeHUHIO). CXEMA 1 CXEMA 2 , C. H. Tanees. Kantata Ne 2, Ne 3, Tpoiinan pyra, I \ 25 [Allegro molto] fg] , Ry nf B, Ci; Ra tag Ar Bo Pp A” B.\C D Ry ng, B, Cy R» A, Bal P A” BC D P+R, — coeAnHeHHe MepBonayavibHoe (Rit+Re — mponspognoe), rae lv=—mtn; —m — uwuteppaa sctynaenua (oOo3HauaeTca cTpeaKoii) P>R,; +n—unuteppaa Ri->Re. Ecan nanpapaenne P—+R, uo Ri>R2 NpOTHBOMOAOKHOe (OAHH BOCKOAAULHH, ApyroH HUCXOAALLMA — CM, CxeMy 1), 70 —M; ecCAH HX Halpapnenve ofMHakosoe (064 HHcXO_mMe HAH Oba BOcXOsAMHe — CM. cxemy 2), TO +n. B npxmepe a dy = —m—n= — |— 5 —6==—7; em. Take ®yry f-moll ocraxopnya#F.°169—177: Iv==—3— —8=—Il1. . Tocneguan 43 BCTYMalOWHX PHCMOcT MHWWeTCA B MPOCTOM KOHTPanyHk- ye (OTHOCHTCA K KaHORY C 1106HIM KOHUECTBOM ronocos). B npumepe, 24 mpHBeqenb HEKOTOpble H3 BO3MOXKHEIX CXEM, MOKAa3bIBa- jOllHe BapHaHTH BCTYMIeHBH TOMOCOB B TPEXFONOCHBIX KaHOHAX. Kanon C TAKHMH BCTYMICHHAMH (TO e€CTh MepBOHauaMbHOe CoeQHHeHHE P-+R)) THUIYTCA MpH OLHOM H3 ynoTpeOuTenBHLX NoKasaTenen. TlonoannteapHpe ycnopua: npa [y=—11 (oTHOCHTeTDHO TOABKO K 4-My BapHaHTy BCTyNJeHHH, TO eCTh HHKHHM — BepxHHit — cpeaHuit) 3; npn Iv-=—14 ksapta (oTHocHT- ) CA TOADKO K 1-My BapHaHTY, TO eCTb cpeauHii—pepxHHii—HWKHHH) H KBHATAa (oTHOCHTCH K 3-My BapHaHTy, TO eCTb cpeqHHii — HWKHH — BepxHHit) ynorpe6AloTcaA Kak B MpOCTOM KOHTpanyHKTe, pH Iv==—9 (oTHOCHTCA K 4-My BapHaHTy, TO ecTb BepxHHi — HWKHHK — cpenuuit) 1. . ) 24 Ive-dl lvea-14 IlpuMenHeHHe KaHOHa H3BeCTHO C BpeMeH Tlapwxckow Koln (XII pex). Texnuka KaHoHa pacupeTact B XV-—-XVI BekaXx, B ¥aACTHOCTH y HHAepwaHACKHX KOHTpanyHKTuctos, Tpaawuun KaHOHHYecKO o6pa6oTKH HanleBa COXpaHWHch B OpraHHBIx counHeHuax Baxa: cantus firmus u3/a- raeTca B Be KaHoHa (Bd. V, Ne 8, 15, 19, 29, 37, 44) Han compopomaerca uM (Tak HasbipaeMblii «KaHOH Ha xopay>: KanonwueckHe BapHallHH BWV 769). 37oe we oe B cBo6o0AHoM cTHle npeoO6sadaeT ABYXTOMOCHBI KaHOH. TloMuMo cTpeTT B dyrax OH HCHOAb3yeTCA B BAPHAUHAX (Berxosen, Lyman, Bpamc), B ca- MOCTOATeIbHEIX mbecax (Lyman, op. 124), Hepemko BKIIO4AaeMBIX B c6op- wuka (par, @pank, Mackoscxuit, Uileapnu,; cOopHukH KaHouoB: Janos, op. 34; Apercxuii, op. 1). Kanou moxeT ObITb 4acTDIO onepHoH cueHbl («Esrenufi Onerni», cueHa moeannka), (opMoli w310x%KeHHA TeME (MPpank. Conata Jia CKpHkH H oprennaHo, PuHad), CPEACTBOM Pa3SBHTHA B Cepe- AMHaX HW paspaOoTKaXx, CNOCO6OM AHHAMH3aUHH HAH BapbHpOBanHa (Bopo- aun. Kaapter Ne 2, 4. IIT, Wocraxosuy. Cumpouna Ne 5, 4. 1, {39} — {40)). Tpex-u weTbIpexromocHble KaHOHBI Kak CaMOCTOATeTbHbIe MPOHSBeMeHHA HeMHOrOUHCAeHHH! (cM. npHmMep 23; CranunncKuit. Tipenogux B ope ka- youos; Uleapuu. Moanponnyeckan terpaab, Ne 22); mpHMensiotca raas- HEM O6pa30M B cCTpeTTax dyr, HHOrAa MPH SKCHOHHPOBAHHH (Mouapr. Kpapter G-dur K. 387, 4. IV, Hayao), pappHpoBaHHH (MacxosckHi. Cum- bouna No 27, 4. III, [18]) # paspurun Tem (Elocraxosuy. Cumponna Ne 8, uy. I, | 28) 6). § 25. Ksotno# kawon — c aByMA mponmoctaMH — upesctaBlgeT Ba OHHAPHHX KaHOHa, 3BY4AaLHX OAHOBpeMeHHO, OGDEAHHCHHHIX B Wesoe. Ecan kaxgaa u3 mponoct (PI, PH) socnpoussogutca omHon puenocroi (RI, RII), ro ronocos uetepe (camp yacTBlit cayaai, KOTOpBIM orpaHH- ynpaetcn flambHealee paccmorpenne), ecaH Asya — HX WecTb. B npH- Mepe 26 ,BoltHOH KaHOH compoBomaaeTCca K@HOHOM-CeKBeHLHel C YABOCHHA- MH (470 COCTaBAReT B We0M TPOHHOA KaHOH). B. A. Mouapt. Pexsuem, Rex tremendae majestatis 26 [Grave] 38 Haunuawmen MoxeT Obitp m106aa mapa ronocos. PIT sctynaet HAH OnnopPementHo c PI (cxema 1), Hau c RI (cxema 2), nau mocae RI (cxe- Ma 3). 39CXEMA 1 | CXEMA 2 | CXEMA 3 A; BC, }A BC D | K, Ly AB CDI ABC! K LM KL MN | KLM | ABO D, K; L; My Ko Lj}A BC DE B xaHonax I paspada’counHAeTcA TOAbKO ABYXPOAOCHOE nepBoHagadb- noe PI+PII (nponspoanoe RI+RII), rae IWw=—mtn, —m — HHTepBali acTyNieHHA MexAY mponocTaMH (PI—PIl), +n — meray pHcnoctaMy (RI-RI), Ecau RI pacnosaraetca mo OTHOWCHHIO K RI tax xe (sblule, Hwxe), Kak PII k PI, To +-n; ecaH cooTHouleHHe oGpatHoe, To —n. B mpH- mepe 26 Iv=—m+n=0+7=7. . H3 cxem caenyet, 4TO KaHOHH, Tae HHTepBaIbl PI—RI u PIRI OMHHaKOBH No BeAHYHHE H HalpaBseHnHio, NHIYTCA B MPOCTOM KOHTPanyHk- re. B ocTaabHblx cayyanx TpeGyeTca MpHMeHeHHe KOHTpanyHkTa BepTH- K@/IbHO-NOABHAKHOrO. Komno3HTophl W34aBHa, UCHHJIH JOPHYHYy!0 CJIOMKHOCTb nepenseTennit B KaHOHAaX C HeECKOADKHMH mpomoctamH. B anoxy crpororo MHCbMa (B 4acT- noctH, )Kocxenom Jlenpe) Oniau co3sqaHbl MHOrHe BHigaoulHeca o6pa3ubl. B caoGoHoM cTHAe BB80MHOH KaHOH MpHMeHseTCA B CTpeTTax oyr (Icis, 7. 94—97; Loctaxosuy. Pyra e-moll, T. 111—115; ero xe Kauxuter g-moll op. 57, [85] ), pee B ApyrHx (popMax NpH H310xKeHHH TeMBI (Kanrata Ne 80, ayat Ne 7, T. 22) MB pasBHBaloWtHx YacTAX (Tanees. Kantata No 2, Ne 5, Keaprter, \18|-; Wocrakosus. Cumouna Ne 5, 4. 1, [32 | u Cum@o- nua Ne 8, 4. I, (23) ). Kax camoctosteibHoe nponspenenne 370 PeAKOCTb (xopanbHaa o6pa6orka Bd. V, Ne 35; UWheapun. Tonuonnyeckan TeTpadb, No 15: Topmuc. Tlecnu HaHosa 2HA, Ne 5). 40 1 § 26. BeckoneyHpiit KaHOH -- BHA KaHOHa, rae P u R Bosppaulawrca K cBoeMy Hatany H MOryT GbITh NOBTOpeHEl 6e3 nepepbipa B HMHTHPOBa- Huu. Floptopenua mponoctel H pHcnocTh! H HX OTAeN0B OGosHayaioTcA »P, R.A. By Aw .Br at. 2. Anranitckaa necua 28 Burt. 8 nyt, ve 3a. Gyap no. sc “——~B npumepe 28a Kanon I paspaga (paBHb Bce paccToanHA aetynicnitit, B tom unene R3— ,P), 8 apumepe 286 If paspaya (P—R nontakta, R-~ nP TPH ¢ momoBHHOH TakTa). Kanonbi-necHH 3anucbipaloTca Ha OAHOA cTpoKe c OG03HayeHHeM MCT BCTYIWIeCHH; 3aKaHYHBAOTCA BEIKMIOYeHHeEM POOCOB noovepenHo (O6o3HayaeTcA (epMaTaMH) HJIH OAHOBpeMeHHO, NPHMepbl CM. B c6.: 100 KaHonos. M., 1969. BeckouneyHble KaHOHE! | paspAgxa B NpHMy, ABYXFOMOCHBIe H MHOPOTOJIOCHBI€, MHLWYTCA B NpOCTOM KOHTPaNyHKTe; MPH BCTYNACHHAX B Apyrue HHTepBanbt TpeOyeTcH BePTHKabHO-TOABHAKHOK KOHTpalyHKT. B asyxronocubix KanoHax [v=-—2m, rae —m HHTepBad BCTyNAeHHA; C.e- nOBaTesbHO, KAHOH B OKTaBy nHWeTca npn’ lv=—14, B HOHY npH Iv=— 16, B ReuwmMy npx Iv=—18. B MHororojocHEIX GecKOHe¥HbIX KaHOHaX YHCAO NepBOHATaAbHbIX H YHCO MPOHSBOAHBIX COeAHHEHHA paBHO uHcAy pHCMOcT: B TpexrojOCcHH P+R, gaer npousBoguEle R;+Re. u ,P+Ro, 2-e nepponayanbHoe CoequHe- uve P+R, naet »P+R, 4 ,Ri+Re. B kKaHoHax B OKTABY MepBOHAayaJbHble COeMHHEHHA NUWyTCA B TpOuHOM KOHTpanyHKTe Hpw Iv==—21. B yernipex- rosiocHsix KaHonax (Mouapt. Ksaptet D-dur K. 499, y. I], 7. 45-50) Kap- THHa aHaJlOrH4nas; BCTYNJeHHA B OKTaBy H B NpHMy (NO OTHOWeHHIO K mponocte) afech HepeAKO YepeAyloTCH, YTO yMeHbWaeT TEXHHYECKYIO CHOK- HOCTS (coeMHHeHHe NpoNocTb ¢ pHcMocToh, BcTynaiomei B NpHMy, — B NpOCTOM KOHTpailyHKTe) H MpakTHYHO NO COOTHOMIEHHIO AHAaNa30HOB B BO- KabHBIxX CouMHeHHAX (Iauuka. «Pycaan # Jloamunay, a. 1, KaHoH «Kakoe uyQHoe MPHOBeHbe>). Muororosocuble 6eckOHeyHbIe KAHOHI He B NPHMy H He B OKTaBy npeg- CTABJIAIOT OBOABHO TPyAHyO 3akauy C KOHTPaNyHKTHYeCKOH TOUKH. 3peHHA (B TpexrOOCHOM KaHOHe, HaNpHMep, Kae H3 MepBOHAYaNIbHBIX COeAH- HeHHH NuWeTCA C ABOMHEIM MOKa3zaTeneM). ITpumepot. Bax. Kanon BWV 1074; Baptox. Kaaprer No -5, bunag, T. 1384—142. BeckoneyHble KaHoHm If pa3spaAda NpHHUHnHatbHo mpome KaHouos | paspiila, Tak KaK OHH He CBA3AHbI OOM3ATEIDHBIMH BePTHKab- HEIMH HepecTaHoBKamH. Ja TeXHHKH COUMHEHHA HHTepBadl BCTYNVICHHA pe- wWalomero 3Ha4ueHHA He HMeeT. PaccTomHHe BCTYNeHHA MEKMY NocnesHeH H3 PHCHOCT HM NOBTOPeHHeM MPONOCTH! MpakTHYeCKH He OFpaHHueHO, NoaTO- MY KaHOHBI MOryT 6EITh MpOLOMKHTENDHEIMH CKOAL yrogHo. Tocnegnee B OCObeHHOCTH LEHHO MpH H310KeHHH UH BapbupoBakuu Tem (npHMep 286; Mackoscxuit. Kpaptet Ne 3, 4. I], papnanua D-dur) 4 B CaMocTORTeMbHBIX mpecax («MysbikaabHoe mpHHomenue>, Ne 4; Bpamc. Kanonsi op. 113, Ne 8). IlpHmMenenue G6eckoneunoro KaHona. |. TMocrosunoe Bosspa- weHve Aenaer Mopmy nogXo_suelt naa necen WyTouHoTO H GEITOBOTO Cco- Repxanua. Hapogupii o6nt4ai neTh KAHOHBI C OTMaeHHbIX BPeMeH Out pacnpoctpanen s Anrann, Ppanuny, Huszepnangax, Ao Hauala XX Beka p JluTBe cOxXpaHANach TpaqHuNA cyTapTHHec (ApeBHHe ABYX- UAH Tpex- ToulocHbie TecHH, MpHMeyaTeAbULIe OOWHeEM MapaaenbHbIx CeKYHA). Ne- CeHHbe KaHoHn nHcadu Tatian, Betxopex, Uly6ept u MHorve ApyrHe KOM- nosuTopH. Hvorga cOuwHHANHCh Mbeckl CMOKHbIE H TEXHMUECKH, H To 06- pasHoi cytu (Mouapt. Ave Maria K. 554 u Lacrimoso K. 555). Caox- HOCTh HX MOXKCT MPOWCXOAHTh OT HCMOMb30BAHHA HECKOAbKHX MPONOCT (Mouapt. Kanon K. 515b; Bpamc. Kanonsi op. 113, Ne 9, 13) nu npeo6pa- goBaHua (TpoiHOH KaHoH B OOpamjenHu—cmM. BWV 1076). 2. Ecrh npx- Mepbl HCHOb30BaHHA GecKOHeyHOrQ KaHOHa B QNepHOM ancamM6ne (Ber- xonex. «Dugenuo», Ne 3), BapHanunax («Cumcbonnueckhe STIOIH>, BapHa- una IV), HHcTpyMeHTaabHEIX Mbecax (UfenpHH. Tlonucouuyeckan TeTpadp, Ne 17), B pasaenax campouun (Manep. ‘Cumouns No 1, a. III). 3. Bec- 42 . KOHCUHBIN KaHOH 4aCTQ HcnoOwH3syeTCH Kak 4aCTb Ooee KpyNHOrO wesnoro. B romoonusix opMax — mpH u3aviomeHHH nepHoga (Tanan. Keapret No 76, 4. III), kak mpwem pa3pa6orkn (Llly6epr. Heoxonyennas cum@ouna, 4. 1, T. 122—129) u Bapbuporanun (Llocraxosny. Cumpbonusa Ne 1, 4. II, jar] 5), B KYIbMHHauHAXx (Tanuka. , BLITOIHEHHOe B BHAe yeTbIpexromocHoro GeckoHeyHoro KaHoHAa). § 27. Kanonnueckas cekBenuwa — pa3HOBHAHOCTh GOeckoHeyHOrO§ Ka- HOHa, B KoTOpoH P u R BosBpallaioTca K CBOeMY Havany H NOBTOpAWTCA OT Apyrux crynenei Ges nepepbisa B HMHTHpOBaHHH. K Hef NPHMeHHMEL Te 2ke TEpMHHbI H OGOsHaYeHHA, TO K GecKOHeyHOMY KaHOHYy; NHureTCA KaHOHHYeCKaA CeKBEHWHA OOBINHO Ha Ba TOMOCA; KOMYECTBO 3BeHbeB aupa-Tpu. Kanonnueckaa cexpenuna I paspaga us06paxkaetca cxemaruye- CkH: Ay By. - A Be vA, By wan A, Bi” OSA BN “ aoa s A por. ” Ai+B—coeannenne nepponasaupHue (B,+,,A—nponspognoe), rae IV=—m tn; —m—anHTeppan sectynnenua PR; tn— HHTep- Bal R>,P. Ecom Hanpapnenve PR uv R—-,,P nporuponoroxnoe (OHH BOCXOAAUHH, Apyrof HHcXOgAuHH), TO —n; ecaAH ux HampaBreHne OfHHakOBOe (cayyaeTcA penko), To +-n. CxeMbI cM. B mpumepax 128, 13], 137. B antepatype yacTH cexBenuHH mpH Iv-=—7 ¢ ceKyHAOBHIM WaToM H KBAPTO-KBHHTOBBIMH BCTYNeHHAMH. Kpome ynotpeOuTepHEtx (npu- mep 31, tT; 1—4, Iv==—18; Contrapunctus I, t. 17—20, Ive=—14; Mouaprt. Conata Ne 14 c-moll K. 457, 4. I, 1. 168—173, Iv=-—30) mpunensiores M Opyrve BHA! ABOMHOrO KOHTpanyHKta (mpuMep 31, T. 5—7, Ive—24): [ Adagio] C. U. Taneen. Cumcouus c-moll, 4. i Ive-5-7= -12 . 29 a) t,.29-33 d [Sehr magig gewegt| P. Barxep. HiopuGeprckue mefictepsnureph, Yeeptiwopa 6) 1.8-10 lvF 6-72-15 438)T,15-17 Iv= -13 -14 =-27 Kanonnueckan cekpenuua Il paspaaa menee ynorpebn- TeibHa. Mureppan BCTYNeHHA Wa. TeEXHHKH COURHEHHA pellaloulero aHa- ueHHA He uMeeT. PacctosuHe P—R o6ntHo Menbue, tem R~-,,P (npu- mep 30a); mpumep 306 nokaspiBaet Gonee peakuit cnyyai (cM. TaKxe IIF, tT. 9—14): H. C. Bax. ®yra Ifis Tpex- H weTHpexronocHbe KAHOHHYeCKHe CEKBEHILHEH OTHOCATCH K OGaCTH COMKHOM TEXHHKH H B JHTepaType AOBOMbHO MadiO- 4HCHeHHE. OGpasun yOexaaroT B HX NOAHOsBy4HH: Contrapunctus V, 7. 65; Mouapt. Kaaptet B-dur K. 589, uv. I, r. 108—112 (asofinaa kanonnyeckaa cexpenuna); Wyman. Poptennannpit KBaptet Es-dur, 4. IV, tT. 73—81; Taa3yHos. Cum@onus Ne 7, 4. II, [7] ; CM. npuMep 25, T. 4. Komnosutopn oxoTHee oO6palilaiotca K cexBenunam II paspaga, cBOGORHBIM OT orpaHH- - 4eCHHH BEPTHKAMDHBIX MepecTaHOBOK. Kpyropof kKaHOH — ceKBeHILHA, MOAYAHPyloWlad Tak, YTO BO3Bpa- WjaeTCA B HCXOAHY1I0 TOHAMbHOCTb. ITpumepot, «My3bikanbHoe hpunowenne>, Ne.7 (peaKHi cayyali camo- CTOATENBHOTO C€KBEHTHOrO MponsBezeHHA); Taneen. «Moann /lamackun», 4a. IH, [12] 4 [15]; ero xe Kanrata Ne 2, Ne 3, Tpoituas qbyra, {28l. TlpuHMeneunve kKanOHH4YeECKOM CeKBEHILHH HOPMaTHBHO B He YCTOHUMBHIX NOCTpOeHHAX: WHTepMewWAX yru, COHAaTHBIX paspa6orKax (Mouapt. Cumponua g-moll, 4, IV), cepequnax (Yaiixoscxui. Cumdonua Ne 6, 4. I, Moderato mosso B no6o4HO Napruu), xonax Hu cBa3Kax (Mac- xopckui. Cumonua Ne 5, 4. H,|40| ; npumep 29a). Kanonnyecxolt cex- BeHUHH CBOHCTBEHH@ CIUTHOCTb, H B KAHTHJeHHOH MY3bIKe OHA HepesxKO npeacTaeT Kak Hekah MejoHueckan U36EITOUHOCTh, WUBeTeHHe (Mackon- ckuft. Cumonna Ne 21, |1| 4, cexsenuna Tpexronocnan HeTouHan). Tpu- 44 ~ a T T, ~~ pan om \ , i npumep 296; MeHaeTCA TaKKE B PAaCUIHNPeHHAX yeroiHe paanenee ane M Pore i f A nit», lyst Ka imckni-Kopcakos. «Kamei GeccmepTHbli», . : Kovonepnaa. 7. 5—8) WIM B COMpOBOKAeHUH, KaK B CHeMyIOUeH mipekpac i Ke: . wre: HOW Mysbl H. A. Pumckuit-Kopcaxos. Cxasaive 0 Hesuaumom rpane Kure d isti ] axe u pepe Pesponny, a. III, apa Kuasa 1Opna [Andante mistico} . a1a § 28. Kanon c npeo6pa3zosannem XapakTepu3yeTca mpHmMenenvem 06- PalleHHA, YBEIMYEHHR, YMeHbLIeHHA, pakOXoga. 3TO TEMbI-TE3HCa, NOJIHAA PeaTH3allHA ee noTreHuHit. Tipu scem GoratcTBe pa3BHTHA NepBOHada.IbHbIH OOpa3s yAepxAnBaeTcA oO KOHUa: pasBepTbIBaHHe (PyrH — Mpouecc, B KOTOPOM HenpepbiBHoe OOHOB- neune He NepexoxuT B HOBOe KayecTBO. OTclona yHMaMeHTAaJIbHble CBOH- CTBa — OOCTOATEbHOCTD BbICKASbIBAHHA, COCPEMOTOYEHHOCTh. ITO OTIO- cutca K O6pa3suam Baxa u Tengena Ww K OpHeHTHPOBaHHBIM Ha KJaccHue- ckyio TpadHunio dyramM, HampHmMep, Bpamca, Mackosckoro, XuHsAeMHTa. Onuaxo yxe y Baxa u oco6enHo B 6onee mo3qHHe TBOpPYeCcKHe 3MOXH NOL BJHAHHEM CHMOHHNECKOH My3bIKH byra, He yTpayuBan cBoux aTpHOyTos, oOorallaeTcaA HHBIMH Ka¥eCTBaMH, B TOM 4HCe AHHAMUKOH paspa6oTouHo- CTH H CNOCOGHOCTbIO K BOMMOMEHHIO KOHTPacToB. @yra nuwerca Ha TpH (B XTK ux Bcero 26) uaH yeteipe (8B XTK — 19) rojoca; HHOrga ronocop Oonpule (Icis x Ib—nsaTHronocHbie), peako HX apa (Ie). Hekotoppie, B ¥acTHOCTH xOpoBble, (byrH HMeIOT rapMOHH ecKoe cOnpoBox MeHHe. Ckanpipaetca dyra H3 MATH KOMMO3HUHOHHBIX 3JIEMeHTOB: TeMa, OT- BeT, MPOTHBOCJIOXKeHHe, HHTEPMEAHA, cTpeTTa. OcHOBHbIX pa3—enoB TPH: SKCNO3HUHOHHEIT, PasBHBalOWHi, 3aBepwialouHii. Mx pa3Hble COOTHOWIeHHA ONpesesI0T pasHOBHAHOCTH opMET. § 31. Tema wan Bown = (4ar. dux) — Beayulat MYy3bIKaJIbHas MBICJIb, MpeacTaBAAWWad OTHOCHTEIbHO 3aBepueHHy!0 MeJOAMWO, NepBoHayasbHO H3laraemMylo OfHOrONOCHO. Baaroslapa KOHUCHTPHpoBaHHOCTH (cKaTOCTH Npu CMBICOBOR HanOJHeHHOCTH) TeMa ABJIA€TCA HMITYJIbCOM K JBHKeHHIO, aeCC BOCIIPOHsReZeHHA OOpasyloT KOHCTPYKTHBHAIM OCcTOR OPMbl; Me@101HKO- PapMOHH4ecKHe CBOMcTBa BAWAIOT Ha KOHTpanyHKTHYecKoe H ‘rapMounue- Ckoe BLINOAHeHHE Yenoro. TpogoaKHTenbHOCTS (B cpeavwem — 2—4 TakTa) 3aBHCHT OT THNa ABHxKeHHA (40 9—10 taKTos B PHTMH¥YECKH OAHOPOAHEIX a a renax: dyrerra e-moll BWV 900); B k aBHPHBIX, cKpHnHy- kopoy |! Bax yr pao? €, ¥eM B GOnDUIHX OpraHHhx y XOPOBLIX, HO 3TO He THnMaHI O61HK TeME cKAaqHBatcH B XVII BeKG BMEcTe c camoh dby- Tod; o6perutne B TBOpYectBe Baxa un Tennena KJQCCHYeCKHH BHA, TeMEI 4pesBblyaHHo pa3sHoo6pa3zny. B Hux CHHTesupyeTéa MenoguKa pasHenx Sale H sox: B onHHx (HE) pasaH4HMe cyrlean /BoKanbHot NOAKMOHHH ean I Bexon, B apyrux — Hapoaho-necenhble /o6oporn (Idis) wu tax- x aJbHbie putMer (Oprakuaa dyra g-moll), ecrs remit uncTo HHCTpyMen- Q ape _{aaupumep, Ha ne Tembl yru ua Opranuoit toxxatn d-moll nareriiKe power aa Ds Hubie (B yactuocTH, y Tengeaa) ne ayaa r OHaAbHOTapMOHHYeCKOoe cTpoenue OTMe4¥eHO ACHOCTEWO embl yr — 3To MenoaAHH Ha TapMOHHYeCKOH OcHoBe, HanpaBaAMOMen HX AbWkeHHe. Muorve cTpoaTca TombKO H3 akxopaoabix (IAs, IIG, IH) an- 6o ¢ MHHHMyMoM HeakKOpNoBblx spyKos (ICis); xpomatuueckue Npoxogsa- ule SBykH B Temax Baxa — penxocts. He uMewr ABHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TapMOHHH JIHillb HeKOTOpHle — riaBHM o6pas0m TeMb B CTapHHHOM ayxe (Mecca h-moll, Ne 6), B “acTHocrTH, Onaronapa MIPHMCHEHHIO JanoB, 3aHMcT- DORAN us cTpororo cruaa (Tam xe, Ne 12). €MbI ObIBaIOr TOHANbHO 3aMKHYTHIe TNaBHOH TOHATbHOCTH; TaKCBEX COMAIUANCTIO) WU ee aIOTER JAUMA DelaeTcs B ToHanbHOCT V cTyneHH: B MHHOPHBIX cbyrax — B Mi HOPHY10, B Ma3KOPHBIX — B MaXopHyl0 AOMHHaHTYy (Igis,. IES): HHble Mo- Moryt cutep AocrwKeHne Nosavefiiero Bpemenu, cm. § 99. Pagputpre TeMBI aTb OTKIOHEHHA B Cy6 is; - M B nowy (itis Th). yORomMunnanty (IIFis; Mecca h-moll, Ne 1) ‘€MBI HM@IOT rapMOHHYeCKH YeTKOe Hayao H OK : ‘ uaile Ha caa6om Bpemenu, or I nay Crynenu (“aes sieitua B XTR oo IIFis, IIB), saxanyusatotca Waulke Ha CHbHOM BpeMeHH, Ha TepuHH mH60 NPHM€ OCHOBHOM HAH JOMHHAHTOROM TOHAMbHOCTH, pexe — na KBHHTe oc- HOBHOM ToHanbHocTH (IG). TIpu arom NoApasyMeBaetTch aatenruyeckuil. oG6opor B rapmonun V (VII) — I wan nome IV (I) ~ V (VI) —I Tlaaranbuaa (IAs) » noaosHinan (Id) Kayenunn Heranuunn. , Menoauko-putmuyeckoe coqepxanue Tem gaer ochopanyne ANA NOApaskenenun ux wa OAHOpOAHBIe H KOHTpactubie. Onvopogubimn HasbiBaloTce Temi, eniitie vw ‘MEO RHKO-PHTMH4eCKOM OTHOUIeHHH, TO ecTh a) mpeacTaBrsoulue CHHTHYIO MOTHBHYIO rpynny (Icis, HH), 6) ockopsrarontnéca Ha npec6pa3osanuax ofHOro MOTHRA mK MOTHBHOH Tpynmnt (Ic, IIcis), 8) ocHoBiBaloulnecs Ha MOTHBAX pa3HEIx HO HeKOHTpacTHHIx (Idis, IIB). Buewnue NpH3HakH — oTcyTcTBHe parmn. 4eCKHX MPOTHBOMOCTaBeHHH H H3G6eraHHe rayOoxux uesyp, Hepenko ABH- *KEHHE OMHHAKOBLIMH JIHTe/IbHOCTAMH. , Kourpactapimy na3piparorca TeMBI, COACpKaliHe MOTHBHbIe H PHTMH- weckne conocrapenua (IId, Ile), ycuaupaemue Nay3aMu H We3ypamu (IIC, IAs); HSpeiKa CONOCTaBAHeMbIe aJeMeHTH CyTb Tmpeoc6pa30Banna OaHOro MoTuHBa (fis). Cymectayer NpoMexKyTowHad rpynna yMepeHHo-KoH- TPAaCTHBIX TeM: CONOCTaBIeHHA B HUX Maflopedbepubl, CocTaBHbIe 3leMeHTEL He oTensiotca uesypamu (IF, IG). Pasmepti ueTHBle (25 yr us 48) Hw cnoxuHe B ATK npeo6sagator. Campi ynotpe6uTenpunii — 4/, (24 u3 48), rae orHocntenbHO CHaABHAT 48 \ y AOMA ANA o6pasopanua i Hpeo6pasoBaHHAh MOTHBOB 3HAYHT TO xe, 4TO H cunbuan. Cpeau HeveTHpx Goslee ynoTpeOuTeibHbI MpocTble pa3Mepbl. Crpoeuue tem (HMeioTcH B BHAY Npexge Bcero Temb: yr Baxa 13 ATK uw opranHstx) pechMa MHOroo6pasHo. OrHocHTenbiio Gonee THNHSKpO- BaHbl TEMbI C YETKOW MeTPHYeECKOM H MOTHBHOH OCHOBOH, MeHee ompemeen- HbI B 9TOM OTHOWWEHHH HeOBICTpbIe OHOPOAHbIe H MeBy4He TeMBI, re MO- THBLI HH MOTHBHBIC Tpynmbl Tak HIM HHave CcauBaloTca. B o6mem mane MOXKHO BHIRCIHTb TPH‘ OCHOBHHIX THMa cTpoeHua. 1. Han6onee pacnpocrpaHerb! TeMbl, KoTOpble Gosee HAM MeHee oTUeT- ABO YeCHATCH Ha DBE HeOAMHAKOBEIe NO NOTOKeHHIO H Ha3HAueHHWO Ya- CTH —~ XapakTépHyW H 3aBeptiatoulyo. [leppas (HasbipaeTCH TaKKe TeMa- THIeECKHM ” HAPOM) “Oiipélenser skcmpeccuio Temp. HuxuBuayarbHocTh 06- AHKa CO3MaeTCA HCMONb3OBaHHeEM B TOM HJH HHOM OTHOLIeCHHH NpHMeta- TeibHoro (HanpHMep, YMeHbIJeHHOrO) HHTepBasa, oGopota (Ila; Mecca h-moll, Ne 3; Bpaunen6yprexnit konuept Ne 6, 4. II) nan puTMuyeckoit gurypy (IIC). Ynorpe6uteabHo cekBeHUHpOBaHHe MOTHBAa, B TOM 4HCTe BapbuposanHoe (La, IB, TIF, If, Ig, IIB). Bropaa, 3asepuaioulan 4acTb B HeGOJbUIHX TeMaX OFPpaHH4HBaeTCH KaJeHUHOHHHM OGopotom (IEs, Ig), B Gonee pa3sBepHYTLIX — NpodoMKaeT H MOCKA3ZbIBAaeT XaPakTePHY!0 YaCTb (IIF, nocaeanue 12 BocbMpix; Ib, 8 ueTpepreii nocae nay3bl), HepeAKO CeK- BentHo (JIC; IIG, tr. 3—6). « H KaZeHUHOHHHA yuacToK BHAHMBIM O6pa30M He pacuieHsiorca (B Temax JIC, IIB nocaenHee 3BeHo C€KBEHWHH (akTHYeCKH COBNagaeT C KafeHUHel), XOTA KaeHHA yale Kak-1H60 OOosHayaeTCH, — HANPHMep, BBEMCHHEM XapakTepHOH MeNOLHKO- puTMuyeckoH gurypp (IIg), purmuyeckHM 3aMefaenHem (Ia), kpynHok AAMTeIbHOCTHIO OGbINHO Cc TpewbiO HH MopgeHtom (IH). Xapaxtepuas 4aCTh TeMbI HepeaKO 6nIBaeT rapMOHHYeCKH pa3soMKHyTOH (ICis, IFis), OMHako BCe Ke vacTH, OcoOeHHO 3aBepliaiollan, OOHapy2XHBaloT TeHAeH- WHIO 3aKmi04“aTb B ceOe NOWHEI rapMoHHYecKHi o6opor I[—IV—V—I. To nporsxxenHoctH oG6e uacTH — XapakTepHad H 3aneplaiowlan — HAH papuu (uame no 2 Motusa: IEs, IF, IFis), Hin Bropaa npomoAKUTeMbHEe (Jb). Onpeazenenne rpaHuy HeTpyAHO, Korda 4acTH pasmeneHE! Nay30n. To 2Ke OTHOCHTCH K CJIHTHBIM TeMaM, B KOTOPHIX YaCTH pa3JIHUHbI NO pHcyHKy HH Xapaxtepy AswxeHHA (ICis, IF, IIf). Meee orueTaHBo cTpoeHhe Tex OAHOPOAHEIX TEM, THe TaKHX MPH3HakKOB HET; MPH aWasu3e OpHeHTHPaMH MOTYT CIyKHTb 6OOAbuiad *«HHTOHAWHOHHAaA OTBETCTBEHHOCTh>® XapaKkTepHor 4aCTH, COOTHOUIeHHe YaCcTeH NO NPOAOMKHTEA_HOCTH, CEKBEHTHOe JBHKEHHE B Hayaje BropoH yacTu Hw T. 2. ConpsxkenHe YacTeH NoAYaC OKa3HIBaeTCa HeOMHAaHHEIM H Wake Upwyyaaineem. Tak, B Teme Pyru JE nay3a genut ABa NONyTAaKTHEIX MOTHBa BHYTPH XapakTepHOH wacTH (THNMGHAaA AVIA Ha- Waul TapMOHHYeckan NocnepopaTenbHocth |—V—V—I); sapepmiamman 4aCTb, Celyloiuian 6e3 WesypH, MO MpoAOsKHTebHOCTH paBHa XapaKTep- HoH, 3aKaHuMBaeTcH KaweHuMel B H-dur (nocre vero 6e3 ocTaHOBKH Nepe- TekaeT B mpoTuBocnoxenue). [pyre npxmepsi: Uaitkoscxnit. Cronta,No } daa opKectpa, Pyra; MackoscKni. Monnponnyeckue HaOpockn, pyru No 5 b-moll u Ne 6 fis-moll; Xunzemut. Ludus tonalis, Fuga in E, in Es; Wo- crakosuy. yra C-dur; Wleapux. ®yra XIX Es-dur. 2. Tpyroi tan ctpoewua TeM, KOTOpbIi BCTpeyaeTcH riaBHbim o6pa30M B OObWHX PasBEpHYTLIX yrax, OTIMYaeTCA OT ONHCaHHOrO Oonblen pas- BHTOCTbIO NOcTpoeHHi wu, Goyee HAH MeHee BBIAeeHHHIM KaJeHUHOHHEM yuactkom. OTHOcHTeAbHaa OGoco6eHHOCTy NOcMefHero BHEUIHe OTMe4aeT- ca 3aMeasienvem (IIFis), maysou. (Ilb), cuHkomo# (IId), BBeqenHem HOBOH duryper (Ile), mpeo6pa3opakneM HayaJbHOro MOTHBA HJIH BO3BpalleHHeM K HcXofHOMy ABHxKeHHIO (Ih, IIb). StH Temp pacnpocTpaHeHbl MeHbUe npeablayuux. [pyrue npumepbt: Taxees. «Hoann Jlamackun», 4. II]; Mac- 49