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Characterization and treatment of textile wastewater

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CHARACTERIZATION
AND TREATMENT
OF TEXTILE
WASTEWATER
This page intentionally left blank
CHARACTERIZATION
AND TREATMENT
OF TEXTILE
WASTEWATER

HIMANSHU PATEL
R.T. VASHI

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON

NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
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ISBN: 978-0-12-802326-6
CONTENTS

Acknowledgment vii

1. Introduction 1
List of Figure 2
List of Tables 2
1.1 Current Scenario of Environment 2
1.2 General Processes in Dyeing Industry 5
1.3 Sources of Wastewater 8
1.4 Characteristics of Wastewater 9
1.5 Treatment of Wastewater 10
1.6 Remedial Measures 16
1.7 Effect of Wastes 17
References 18

2. Characterization of Textile Wastewater 21

List of Tables 24
2.1 Methods 25
2.2 Collection and Preservation of Samples 25
2.3 Characterization 66
References 70

3. Feasibility of Naturally Prepared Adsorbent 73

List of Figures 74
List of Tables 74
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Materials and Methods 89
3.3 Results and Discussion 93
3.4 Conclusion 98
References 99

4. Batch Adsorption Treatment of Textile Wastewater 111

List of Figures 111
List of Tables 112
4.1 Introduction 112
4.2 Experiments 112
4.3 Results and Discussion 113
4.4 Conclusion 125

v
vi Contents

5. Fixed-Bed Column Studies of Dyeing Mill Wastewater

Treatment Using Naturally Prepared Adsorbents 127
List of Figures 127
List of Tables 128
5.1 Introduction 128
5.2 Experiments 131
5.3 Results and Discussion 132
5.4 Conclusion 143

6. Use of Naturally Prepared Coagulants for the Treatment

of Wastewater from Dyeing Mills 147
List of Figures 148
List of Tables 148
6.1 Introduction 148
6.2 Material and Methods 149
6.3 Results and Discussion 151
6.4 Conclusion 156
References 157

Index 159
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I take this opportunity to express my appreciation to all those who have

contributed a lot in making this work possible and have also given me sup-
port in all the things that I needed.
I would like to thank Dr. Ashwin Patel, principal, and Dr. G. M. Malik,
head of the Department of Chemistry, Navyug Science College, for providing
me their laboratory facilities. I would also like to thank all teaching and
nonteaching staff for their kind support during the course of my study.
I express my deep feeling of appreciation to Hashmukh C. Patel,
manager of a well-known dyeing mill, who gave me information about
the processes occurring in textile mills and also helped me in collecting
wastewater. I am thankful to Dr. K. C. Patel, professor of the Department
of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, and to my
friends Purvish Shroff, Ketan Patel, Sagar Desai, Nilesh Ahire, and Mukesh
Tandel for giving me moral support and encouraging me during my nervous
moments.
I owe my loving thanks to all my family members. Without their encour-
agement and understanding, it would have been impossible for me to finish
this work. I am really staggered to realize just how much effort they have
made and put in for me to reach this achievement.
I hereby accept with a deep sense of satisfaction and pleasure the obligation
of the abovementioned and also those whom I may have failed to mention;
without them, this endeavor would have been a distant goal.
Himanshu J. Patel
Department of Chemistry, Navyug Science College
Surat, Gujarat, India

vii

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