CELLO rod end fh Position STRING BulLDER BY SAMUEL APPLEBAUM [A Continuation of the BELWIN STRING | BUILDER or any other Standard String Class Method. Published for VIOUN BASS Viol PIANO ACC. CEO. TEACHER'S MANUALCELLO Shavl aud Position iisivs FOREWORD Builan Turd and Fifth Position String Builder 1s to be used after Book III of ‘the Belwin String ‘er. However, it may also be used as a continuation of any of the standard string class methods. howersits, book, the Violin, Viola, Cello and Bass play together. The book for each instrument, pov, Giz {8.8 Complete unit and may be used separately for class or individual instruction. In this pean he Pupil is carefully taken step by step through the third and fifth positions. The pupil is taught {0 find each finger, after which simple shifts are introduced with the same finger, followed by shifts teuttese positions with different fingers. Each type of shift {s presented and developed with interesting ‘This book includes the following bowings: the détaché, the martelé, wrist and finger stroke, collé, spiccato and staccato. ‘The material in this volume is chosen for its musical interest and its technical value. There are a number of duets which are tobe played by either twopupils or with the class divided into two groups. There alsoare a number of melodies in which the class becomes a string ensemble, each instrument playing a different part. A “p” after the number indicates there is a piano part for that melody. The material in this book {s realistically graded sothat only a minimum of explanatory material is required. Suggestions for work by Rote are presented throughout the book. TECHNICAL PROGRESSION THE THIRD POSITION The Third Position - Finding The Fingers On The G and D Strings Finding The Fingers On The A and C Strings....... How To Go From One String To Another Smoothly . . - ‘Two Duets In The First Three Positions...........+ ‘Melodies That Go From An Open String To The 3rd Position . Melodies That Shift To The 3rd Position With The Same Finger . . Melodies That Shift With The Same Finger In The Keys of G and D Melodies That Shift By Scale Line To The 3rd Position . . ‘Melodies That Shift By Scale Line In The Keys of F and G Melodies That Shift To The 3rd Position With Different Fingers More Melodies That Shift With Different Fingers... ... Melodies That Will Teach Us How To Play Harmonics . . THE FIFTH POSITION osition - How To Find The First Finger .. . . Finding The ‘Second and Third Fingers In The 5th Position Further Use Of The 3rd Finger In The 5th Position .... Melodies That Include The 5th Position .......... More Melodies Using The Détaché and Martelé Bowings... . . Melodious Etudes In The Keys of G and F. We Shift Through The 1st Five Positions eee We Shift To The 5th Position With The Same Finger In Various Keys How To Shift From The 3rd To The Sth Position By Scale Line . . Melodies That Shift By Scale Line In Various Keys... +++ +++ pie Positions vesserecccicctcs : Melodies In The Ellon We shift To The Sih Position Wit Difereat Fingers "To The Sth Position With Different Fingers More Melodies TH2s doing The Martale And Saccato Bowings. Piaying One Octave Scales On A Single String ~ The Whole Tone Scale ‘Arpeggios To Help Develop Our Left Hand Technic’ - Lively Melodies Using The Spiccato Bowing «-- ++ Two Minuets In Various Positions.» -+~‘The Third Position (3rd) Slide the entire hand on the fingerboard until the 1st finger reaches the 4th finger. The thumb must move with the hand, remaining opposite the 2nd finger atall times. The Ist finger in the 3rd position sounds an octave higher than the next lower string. ““t? means to test the note with the open string. Leave the finger on the string while testing. Finding the Fingers on the G String W.B. ~ means to use the whole bow. z ie ‘Extended potion = this the whole tone finger patter. oo Finding the Fingers on the D String ened postin ME teeta! Cites pre ao WPS fnger pa tingex pat extended pos, wa, Le 5 1242 When you test a note, adjust the finger go that it will sound exactly like the open string. By the way, is your Cello in tine? Let us make sure. “Ext.”” means extended position. Let’s Skip A Bit in the Srd Positi UL Use the upper half of the bow. aaa A ee. t A t f% 14 at os Ee 7a Ae fn t 7 1 2 = ROTE PROJECT: In the 3rd position -practice the whole tone will be a whole step between each finger. This finger pattern (in extended rd and 4h measures onthe Ist line of No. Land No. 2. Play in marie rhythms and ‘powlage ‘eeonform th be For a earione theaes oon Towing one» Practice the other finger patterns on the 2nd line of No. 1 and No. 2 E.L,1989 12 finger pattern on the G and D strings. There €0,1NC.Finding the Fingers on the A and C Strings wea 5, 0. tog psen 2 . 7.3 7 © finger pattem OY stager pares Bow Se a et iene 6 4 The C String Use the full width of the hair on the C String. = vended pci Bo sd od t n e The Detache Bowing The Detaché is a smooth bowing that may be played in any part of the bow. Above the middle - only the forearm is to be used from the elbow down. Below the middle ~ we use the upper arm. The side of the hair is used with the atick tilted slightly towards the scroll. Practice the next 3 lines in 2 ways using the Détaché bowing: (1) U} 2) Li. . There will be a half ROTE PROJECT: In the 3rd position ~ practice the 74 finger pattern on the A string. step between the 3rd and 4th fingers. Play in various rhythms and bowings. Tals finger pattern i found in the 4th and Sth measures of the 1st line of No. 4. Play in various rhythms and bowings: Fer Cello alone, Practice the other finger patterns on the 2nd line of Nos. 4 and 5 in various rhythms and bowings. E19994 How To Go From One String To Another Smoothly In slow string changing we use the arm with a flexible wrist. The bow moves toward the next string to be Played and does so in a vertical curve rather than in a straight line. ‘The bow hair is then very close to the next string. This makes {t possible tochange strings smoothly. When going from one string to another there ‘must not be any break in the tone and the fingers are to remain on the string during the change. i rd at 7 1 a ° 1 ° 1 ° 4 Etude The first 2 notes of each measure are 4 notes apart and are called FOURTHS. The last 2 notes of each measure are 3 notes apart and are called THIRDS. we n “4 ie FE SRA Acomma (9) means a slight pause, usually at the end of a phrs ‘The slanted lines (//) mean to lift the bow from the string, The Leave the bow on the string. "? after a number indicates that there is a piano part for the melody. Menuet ‘Leopold Mozart was the father of the famous Wolfgang Mozart. He was a Violinist and the author of an early Violin method. Allegretto-cheerful, but not as fast as Allegro Leopold Mozart n (Key of C Major) ad. as in 9p: 7 oF cant E.L.1999Two Duets in the First Three Positions Sonatina (Duet) Cornelius Gurlitt (1820 - 1901) was a German organist and composer. This s a movement from one of his piano sonatinas arranged for two Cello: Moderato-a moderate pace (Key of C Major) : C. Gurlitt , A et fn Song Of The Harvest (Duet) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was one of the world’s most gifted composers. He started to ‘compose when he was about 5 years old. Moderato (Key of © Malor) WA. Mozart 1g Vn oeMelodies that Go from an Open String to the Third Position Play each of these a few times very slowly. Listen carefully to the intonation. A 12 P Etude Moderato (Key of C Major) qq . . Hohmann A 1s Folk Tune (Ensemble) ‘This melody is used by Engelbert Humperdinck (1854-1921) in his opera Hansel and Gretel. Allegretto (Key of G Major) From the German mt in m of Ne V_tel-Ext Von Melody 757 cote ot 2 4 1. = 4p —=|y =——|r > —— | av Ensemble ROTE PROJECT: The C Major Seale in 2 octave once. Practice in various rhythms and bowings. Play each note 4, 3 and 2 times, and finally each note a i xd Ist ELtoa9Melodies that Shift to the Third Position with the Same Finger When we shift to and from the 3rd position, we use the entire hand, the thumb remaining opposite the 2nd finger. During the slide you must lighten the finger pressure on the string and relax the thumb pressure on the neck. © & a sett. : == ‘ 7 a ® a DN ce Ke ee te z = pas nr Canzonetta Allegretto (Key of © Major) Robert Wiliams ns i ee 16P: Sunday Morning Allegretto (Key of © Major) a ch sly ut ad > ov = BL.3999Melodies that Shift with the Same Finger in the Keys of G and D ® wa ® ads ie ® st, wn On od tn The White Steeple Moderato (Key of G Major) Silas J. Vail i ® ard Ex, v. eee a. a eet v —— ~ ard Bt. re 28 7. Easter Time Allegretto (Key of D Major) from Lyra Oavidica mt ton a Wen. 2 nop Cones 20°: wt 240 0 = ° . 8 Srd- Et nt z pe a 12 ° rit, ° ROTE PROJECT: The G Major Scale in one octave. Practice in various rhythm: ow! ing {s only for practice purposes. es n 3rd tm, le sed an ais 1 EL.909)Melodies that Shift By Scale Line to the Third Position 1, When we shift to a note in the third position by scale line we slide with the finger THAT WE ARE GOING To. ‘The finger that we are going to actually displaces the finger that Is on the string. 2, When we shift from the third position by scale line toa note in the first position, we slide with the finger THAT IS ON THE STRING. ‘The small notes are not to be played. They serve as a guide to the finger that is sliding. The pitch of the small note is approximate, — " mike Oa a Tr oT The Carnival Of Venice With A Variation Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840) was perhaps the first Violin virtuoso. His compositions for the Violin are widely used. Allegretto (Key of G Major) eps cerin) ~ a seal a The Wrist and Finger Bowing For this bowing use only the wrist and fingers. Start with all fingers curved and the middle joint of the thumb bent outward, Draw the bow down with the wrist about 2 inches, straightening the fingers fat the same time. Now draw the bow up about 2 inches curving the fingers. Practice this stroke a few minutes each day. Variation ysbout 4 inches from the frog. we ard an 2 9 23p: mf ts ~ ° ° ROTE PROJECT: Todevelop fluent shifting, practice No. 23 in different finger patterns. Play on all etringe in various rhythms and tempi. For example: ee = es) rl EL.190910 Melodies that Shift By Scale Line in the Keys of F and G Minor Gavotte (Duet with Piano) George F. Handel (1685-1759) was born in the same year as Bach but died 9 years later. A Gavotte is an old dance in 4/4 time usually beginning on the up beat of the measure. Allegretto (Key of F Major) aif Handel et Sat 7 Se ps Greensleeves Andantino-a bit taster than Andante (Key of G minor) Traditional English Melody a. a > bay! aad a _V mp4 (ili a a a ROTE PROJECT: ‘The F Major Scale in one octave. Practice in various rhythms and bowings. EineBre Melodies that Shift to the Third Position with Different Fingers When ascending, the finger that is on the string slides until it reaches the third position. When you each the third position, the finger that you are going to, will strike the string. When descending, the finger that is on the string slides until it reaches the first position, Then the finger that you are going to will strike the string. Memorize this basic rule: when we shift to a different finger, the slide is performed with the finger ‘hat is on the atring, Practice the following shifts slowly ‘so that the slide between the first and third positions is audible. Dear Katherine Allegretto (Key of F Major) PREPARATION aoe a We Shift on the G String 1S T eee a eer A Stately Dance Johann S, Bach was born in Germany in 1685 and died in 1750. He was one of the great organists of his time. His fame as a composer did not start until nearly 100 years after his death when his works were revived by Felix Mendelssohn. Moderato (Key of G minor) J.S. Bach a ne ce 29 f aed Fine mae i os a BN piles : Bt Tat @ ia, 24 tq D.C. al Fine 21.198912 More Melodies that Shift with Different Fingers Abide With Me Moderato (Key of Bb Major) William H. Monk pe 7 et a How To Shift When There Is No Slur ‘When we shift and change bows at the same time, we slide to the higher note with the finger that we are going to. We slide to the lower note with the finger that is on the string. Donotpermit the slide tobe heard tnd ath, ath te 4th =D pf st see S nit, is « : se vee a f-p—. = 31335 re pape cs =a =| 1% 1 a3 1 i es 1 id 2 a’ 2 a7 4 ‘The Shepherdess Andante-a moderately slow movement (Key of A minor) Pee | 17th Century Air n , at 32P' ra 7 wat. Te Fine tf! i ‘D.C. al Fine The Martele Bowing ‘This bowing starts with a sharp accent and ends with a clean stop. At the start of the stroke, press the bow into the string. Draw the bow quickly and release this pressure at the same time. Practice this plece in 3 ways: (1) W.B. (2)U} (3) LE. In Praise (Ensemble) Alexander Reinagle Moderato (Key of D Major) yy ad ae V ee. : ’ Re fst Melody 3p ifo aaa Ensembl oe ROTE PROJECT: Continue the C Major Scale in two octaves. Refer to the C Maj ES 6. _ Try a minor scale. elcee nse ecaaees gee oa etMelodies that Will Teach Us How to Play Harmonics ‘One step above the fourth finger in the fourth position on each string, we will find a harmonic which ts an octave higher than the open string. The hand remains in the fourth position while the third finger flattens out and stretches to the harmonic. A clear harmonic will be produced if the string is lightly touched in the right spot. The other fingers are to be lifted from the string. on | fe on ong a a He 4a 34 Tae go Passepied Allegretto (Key of G Major) sed Ernest Gillet a 3 — 2" Theme Franz Schubert (1797-1828) composed a great deal inhis short life. This is a theme from his famous Unfinished Symphony. Andantino (Key of G Mi naan (Key jajor) a Franz Schubert a oe te A sa14 The Fifth Position—How to Find the First Finger at ig Play it again CR an By d3 Now slide the entire hand on the fingerboard until the thumb reaches the base of the neck. Play this note E with the 1st finger which will now be the Sth position. In the Sth position, the left elbow must bbe kept raised and well away from the Cello. sh 3e aoe a the half rest slide oa The Tenor Clef In the tenor clef, middle C is on the 4th line, At the start, in order to read the tenor clef, play the notes a Sth higher. seh oy A a sd Bh fd sd ut A 2 7 2 7 t tar we tv a nn nor Ps ee ee A Technical Stunt The Rhythm Band Moderato (Key of C Major) at oe a , — Mise. A oh Mom Sm oh 8 teste ante o 40 EL.309918 Finding the Second and Third Fingers in the Fifth Position Finding the Second Finger in the Fifth Position ae Sth on fn Here we have the same line in the tenor clef. 5a WB. oad sth A n n The First on D and the First on A (in the 5th Position) - What Is the Difference? In the 9th measure, use the Staccato bowing, which is a series of Martelé notes in the same bow. Play them above the middle of the bow. Etude Moderato (Key of © Major) p A Ge y oN a 2 fi v 2 staccato Ps ; G above middle A Ly <<.16 Further Use of the Third Finger in the Fifth Position Use the whole bow throughout this page. te fh 5 fq 2 Tein 6th Fe 18 1238 oa 7 ae ‘extended pos. the ame 1 c 4c mise - : From One String To Another in the Fifth Position ‘Try to keep the fingers down when going from one string to another. ¢ a D ‘The same $ measures in tenor clef. m c 7 i 12a2.17 Melodies that Include the Fifth Position A Melodious Etude Moderato (Key of © Major) i is Key Mor) Ch. De Beriot , Soe, é Bourrée (Duet) A Bourde 1s a lively dance of French or Spanish origin beginning with an up-beat. It is usually in 4/4 or 2/4 time. Allegretto (Key of © Major) 4S. Bach ae v a) DiS. al Fine 4 ‘ice the 1 finger pattern on the G and D strings. There will be ROTE PROJECT: In the Sth position ~pract rhythms and bowings. This pattern will be found 1 half step between the latand 2nd fingers, Play in various 1n the 3rd and 4th measures of each line of No, Eis18 More Melodies Using the Detach and Martele Bowings Etude In Scales Practice in 2 ways: (1) Above the middle (A.M.) (2) Below the middle (B.M.). Ch. De Beriot Moderato (Key of C Major) n ‘The Grand Martelé For the Grand Martelé, we use the entire bow. The Martele attack at the tip must be just as firm and sharp as the attack at the frog. Do not allow the bow to slide on the fingerboard as you approach the tip. The Gypsy King (Ensemble) Moderato (Key of C Major) Old Hungarian Air PREPARATION met ow a ers ae A ge ae Melody 50P Ensembl a2 foe oe sot ROTE PROJECT: Inthe Sih position ~the whole tone finger pattern starting on F on the A string. There will be a whole step between ‘cach note. Practice in various rhythms and bowings. This finger pattern will be found in the 3rd and 4th measures of the 1st line in No. 45. eat. 109919 Melodious Etudes in the Keys of G and F The Dutch Door In measures 1 and 2 when going from the 3rd to the 2nd position, the Ist finger reaches back while the entire hand shifts to the 2nd position. The thumb, of course, must be opposite the 2nd finger. ornt G Mn Moderato (Key of G Major) fF woniend w. simile oy 5 teem 2 2 een. The Gossip Use the Détach¢ bowing. Practice in 2 ways: (1)U} (2) Lf Moderato (Key of F Major) Poni n ond- Ext ae — te Zotar a ELao9920 We Shift Through the First Five Positions wes <387 ey From the Third We Shift to the Fifth Position with Different Fingers a ee : pee ee I Love Thee Edvard Grieg (1843-1907) is Norway’s best loved composer. He wrote many songs as well as the famous “Peer Gynt Suite”. Andante (Key of C Major) Edvard Grieg ae ath ‘nd Oe fn —~ EN, —_——— 1.199921 ‘We Shift to the Fifth Position with the Same Finger in Various Keys ut ra St ia sa, Dt gneve ot i At, e™ ve 56 pat ears eee Tit 7 TT sa ath aN" re 2 Don a sm seh Gro m7 1 1 vee 1 1 ‘When the last note in a slur is marked with a dot it is held a bit Jess than its value. Do not accent this note, but leave a slight pause after the note has been played. The comma ( 9) indicates a slight Pause with the bow remaining on the string. The slanted lines mean that the bow 1s to be lifted from the string. Fantasy George P. Telemann (1681-1767) lived at the same time as Bach. He wrote many operas, oratorios and instrumental works. Allegretto (Key of E minor) G. Telemann ies a 0 BLtsa922 : How to Shift from the Third to the Fifth Position By Scale Line 1, When we shift from the 3rd position by scale line to 8 note in the Sth position, we slide with the finger THAT WE ARE GOING TO. 2, When we shift from the Sth position by scale line to a note in the 3rd position, we slide with the finger THAT IS ON THE STRING. ‘Make sure that the left thumb 1s always opposite the 2nd finger. ws. te’ Sd gen 38 = el ede erteit®tiet «3,9 0910 foetsess eo Ts «1 34 0 > ard A MV f 1.199925 From the First Position We Shift to the Fifth Position with Different Fingers Review the text on Page 11. On this page when we shift from the 1st position to the 5th position, we follow this baste rule: slide with the finger that is on the string. ® sa ® sa > Andante ‘This is a theme from the slow movement of one of the great Violin concertos. Andante (Key of C Major) Oo ee am Ses am P More Shifting to the Fifth Position Beh ae ae 68 1 1 Ea 1 1 #8 1 2 Humoresque F. Wohifahrt Moderato (Key of D Major) a od an de (een a> ’ 9p: Ta aa 2nd ete Yaa cay ao st ot ELtsa926 More Melodies that Shift to the Fifth Position with Different Fingers Juanita Andantino (Key of G Major) t ae) ix Spanish Melody A For Gretchen (Duet) Moderato (Key of G Major) fn 4h Set (te ON St EY German Song reeen B8927 Interesting Melodies Using the Martelé and Staccato Bowings A Polyphonic Dance (Duet) Allegretto (Key of A minor) G. Telemann v A position age ° , ins my st te mom ie Tea rit.(2nd time) Minuet From “Don Giovanni” AL Moderato (Key of F Major) WA. Mozart o E1999 oresc.28 Playing One Octave Scales on a Single String—The Whole Tone Scale Major Scales Use the upper half of the bow for the next 4 lines, G Major Minor Scales G minor onG yg SH ade on 15 A minor = va op, ni Sete Khem Tettt TF A New Experience in Sound The Whole Tone Scale In this scale the notes are a whole step apart. There are no half steps. x~ means a double sharp. The pitch is raised two half steps. dad-Ex. WB 16 oot 843 f9 i 810 4 7 a2ttig & fROTE PROJECT: Practice one octave Major and minor scales on a single string, ascending and descending jwith the fingering used in the 1st two measures of Nos. 74 and 75. Play on all strings in various rhythms land bowings. 1,19920 Arpeggios To Help Develop Our Left Hand Technic G Major 3b Major 3rd a An Arpeggio Etude C. De Beriot we v Moderato (Key of F Major) w2. ‘ nb re 8 SF 4 marteté A King Is Crowned Use the wrist and finger bowing on the 16th notes and the martelé' bowing on the 8th notes marked wn F. Wohifahrt Moderato (Key of G Major) , a v Top ereac. Lrg9930 Lively Melodies Using the Spiccato Bowing Polonaise A Polonaise is a stately Polish dance in 3/4 time. Use the spiccato bowing on all the 8th notes marked with dots and the martelé bowing on the quarter notes marked with dots. Allegretto (Key of © Major) Leopold Mozart's Notebook Do =. foes S AA eae 80P pies. mf sitiaad\ arco 4, + ett wd tongs Quick Air (Ensemble) Vivace-lively (Key of G minor) pias. Henry Purcell Melody Ensembl E PROJECT: Practice one oclave Major scales in the Keys of C, F and G. End each scale on one note Tore ce crtvs before donconding. Use ine while bow daché and ariel strokes in separaic bows, 2a well as the slow spiccato stroke, playing each note 4, 3 and 2 times. R CMR 8D ag FMAIOR sed gy | at at wh Gagaion 8 ae 4 18s Bigs 7 Ts aig 1 a 4° te E.L.109931 Two Minuets in Various Positions Minuet Allegretto (Key of C Major) 348th Century Dance vo : A Minuet (Duet) Use the martelé on the quarter notes and the spiccato on the 8th notes marked with dots. Allegretto (Key of G Major) G.F. Handel ne. : E 2 . + art: 5 83: 21,1999