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Doubled Haploid
Technology in Maize Breeding:
Theory and Practice
Editors
BM
Prasanna
Vijay
Chaikam
George
Mahuku
CIMMYT®
(www.cimmyt.org)
is
an
internationally
funded,
not-‐for-‐profit
organization
that
conducts
research
and
training
related
to
maize
and
wheat
throughout
the
developing
world.
Drawing
on
strong
science
and
effective
partnerships,
CIMMYT
works
to
create,
share,
and
use
knowledge
and
technology
to
increase
food
security,
improve
the
productivity
and
profitability
of
farming
systems,
and
sustain
natural
resources.
Financial
support
for
CIMMYT’s
work
comes
from
many
sources,
including
the
members
of
the
Consultative
Group
on
International
Agricultural
Research
(CGIAR)
(www.cgiar.org),
national
governments,
foundations,
development
banks,
and
other
public
and
private
agencies.
©International
Maize
and
Wheat
Improvement
Center
(CIMMYT)
2012.
All
rights
reserved.
The
designations
employed
in
the
presentation
of
materials
in
this
publication
do
not
imply
the
expression
of
any
opinion
whatsoever
on
the
part
of
CIMMYT
or
its
contributory
organizations
concerning
the
legal
status
of
any
country,
territory,
city,
or
area,
or
of
its
authorities,
or
concerning
the
delimitation
of
its
frontiers
or
boundaries.
CIMMYT
encourages
fair
use
of
this
material.
Proper
citation
is
requested.
Correct
citation:
B.M.
Prasanna,
Vijay
Chaikam
and
George
Mahuku
(eds).
2012.
Doubled
haploid
(DH)
Technology
in
Maize
Breeding:
Theory
and
Practice.
Mexico,
D.F.:
CIMMYT.
Abstract:
This
manual
is
primarily
intended
for
maize
breeders
in
the
national
agricultural
research
systems
(NARS)
and
small
and
medium
enterprise
(SME)
seed
companies
in
the
developing
countries
who
would
like
to
better
understand
and
utilizes
the
doubled
haploid
(DH)
technology
in
breeding
programs.
It
is
a
compilation
and
consolidation
of
knowledge
accumulated
through
scientific
contributions
of
several
maize
geneticists
and
breeders
worldwide
as
well
as
protocols
successfully
developed
(in
collaboration
with
University
of
Hohenheim,
Germany)
and
being
used
by
the
CIMMYT
Global
Maize
Program
in
DH
line
development,
especially
in
Mexico.
An
overview
of
the
utility
and
applications
of
DH
technology
in
maize
breeding
is
presented
first
in
the
Manual,
followed
by
Chapters
on
in
vivo
maternal
haploid
induction
using
haploid
inducers,
haploid
kernel
detection
using
anthocyanin
markers,
chromosome
doubling
of
haploids,
deriving
DH
seed
from
colchicine-‐treated
plants,
DH
in
commercial
maize
breeding,
integrating
molecular
markers
in
DH-‐based
breeding
pipeline,
and
finally,
access
to
tropicalized
haploid
inducers
and
DH
service
from
CIMMYT.
ISBN:
AGROVOC
descriptors:
Zea
mays;
Plant
breeding;
Doubled
haploids;
Haploid
induction;
Tropicalized
inducers;
Agronomic
management;
Molecular
markers;
Phenotypic
selection;
Intellectual
Property;
DH
service.
AGRIS
category
codes:
F30
Plant
Genetics
and
Breeding
Dewey
decimal
classification:
Printed
in
Mexico.
ii
Acknowledgements
The
authors
of
this
manual
would
like
to
express
their
sincere
thanks
to
a
number
of
people,
institutions
and
funding
agencies
for
their
great
support
and
inputs
to
the
doubled
haploid
(DH)
research
work
undertaken
at
CIMMYT
over
the
last
five
years.
The
present
manual
would
not
have
been
possible
without
this.
Special
thanks
are
to:
Prof.
Dr.
Albrecht
E.
Melchinger,
Dr
Wolfgang
Schipprack,
and
the
University
of
Hohenheim
(Germany)
DH
team,
including
the
PhD
students
(Dr
Vanessa
Prigge
and
Aida
Kebede)
for
their
significant
support
in
transferring
the
DH
technology
to
CIMMYT
and
for
optimizing
various
steps
in
the
DH
production
pipeline;
Dr
Marianne
Banziger
for
her
insight,
vision
and
support
in
forging
the
collaboration
of
CIMMYT
with
University
of
Hohenheim;
Dr
José
Luis
Araus,
who
led
the
initial
collaboration
of
CIMMYT
with
University
of
Hohenheim;
Dr
Natalia
Palacios,
Luis
García
and
Miguel
Bojorges
Cortés
for
critical
support
with
the
colchicine
doubling
process,
and
providing
training
on
the
safe
handling
of
colchicine;
CIMMYT
colleagues
(especially
Drs
Gary
Atlin,
Daniel
Jeffers,
and
Kevin
Pixley)
for
providing
important
inputs
for
strengthening
the
DH
program;
The
committed
DH
team
in
CIMMYT-‐Mexico,
namely
Leocadio
Martinez
Hernandez,
Luis
Antonio
López
Rodrígues,
Juana
Roldán
Valencia,
Ana
Mely
Islas
Montes,
Gustavo
Alberto
Martínez
Rodríguez,
Zaira
Ivette
Mata
Carrillo,
Belem
Adriana
Cervantes
Hernández,
Juan
Antonio
Díaz
Ríos,
César
Muñoz
Galindo,
Reymundo
Blancas,
Pablo
Ostria,
Jabed
Bahena
Torrez,
Miguel
Ángel
Díaz,
Marta
Cano,
Germán
Bastián
De
León,
Blanca
Flor
Pineda
González,
Dany
Fajardo
Romero,
Edith
Hernández
Márquez,
Francisco
Hernández
Fajardo,
Emiliano
Reyes
Espinoza,
Leonardo
Juárez
Agustín,
Ignacio
Morales
Guzmán,
Faustino
López
Hernández,
Eduardo
Fernández
Cruz,
Yesenia
López
Vázquez,
Marcela
Santos
Hernández,
Verónica
Román
Álvarez,
and
Belén
Paredes
Hernández;
The
Station
Managers
of
CIMMYT’s
Agua
Fría
station,
Raymundo
López
and
Ciro
Sánchez,
for
efficiently
handling
the
field
logistics
required
to
manage
the
DH
line
production
pipeline;
Visiting
scientists
–
Alba
Lucía
Arcos
(Colombia),
Thanh
Duc
Nguyen,
Hung
Huu
Nguyen
and
Ha
Thai
(Vietnam)
–
for
providing
useful
feedback
for
improving
some
of
the
aspects
of
DH
line
development;
CIMMYT
IP
&
legal
team
(especially
Rodrigo
Sara
and
Carolina
Roa)
for
valuable
support
in
steering
through
the
IP
process;
All
the
funding
agencies
that
have
generously
supported
the
DH
research
work
in
CIMMYT,
especially
the
Bill
and
Melinda
Gates
Foundation,
CGIAR
(through
MAIZE
CRP),
SAGARPA,
Howard
G
Buffet
Foundation,
USAID,
and
Vilmorin,
under
various
projects,
including
DTMA,
MasAgro-‐IMIC,
etc.;
and
CIMMYT-‐Corporate
Communications
Team,
especially
Mike
Listman
and
Miguel
Mellado
for
the
design
and
layout
of
the
Manual.
iii
Contents
S.No.
Chapter
Author(s)
Page
No.
iv
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• Chip 500 seeds and genotype with validated SNPs flanking
major QTL for MSV resistance
• Select 100 seeds with favorable allele and grow in the field
• Select 40-50 plants based on vigor and per se performance and
cross them (as female) to tropicalized haploid inducer (as male).
!
• Chromosome doubling
• D1 seed obtained by selfing D0 plants
• Seed increase, only if needed.
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