Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BRKEWN-2013
Agenda
Configuration Essentials
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RF terms and Wi-Fi behavior basics
BRKEWN-2013
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The Impact of a Crowded Spectrum
Performance At Risk in Unprotected Networks
Throughput
Reduction
Near Far
Interference Type (25 ft) (75 ft)
End User Impact
2.4 or 5 GHz
Cordless 100% 100%
Reduced network capacity Phones
and coverage
Video Camera 100% 57%
Poor quality voice and video
Wi-Fi
Potential complete link failure (busy neighbor)
90% 75%
Microwave
Oven
63% 53%
IT Manager Impact
Bluetooth
Potential security breaches Headset
20% 17%
Support calls
DECT Phone 18% 10%
Increased cost of operation
BRKEWN-2013 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Source: FarPoint Group
Cisco Public 4
How does Interference impact Wi-Fi?
Separating the FUD from the Fact‘s
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CCA Blocked or High
802.11n traffic
Video Signal
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How does Interference impact Wi-Fi?
Separating the FUD from the Fact‘s
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802.11 and Duty Cycle – Channel
Utilization
Retransmit a packet
Duty Cycle of interference is directly proportionate
to channel time available
Busy network – less interference tolerance
Less busy – might not even notice low levels of
interference
Bandwidth is like Money – the more you get the
more you spend
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Understand Protocol Selection 802.11 b/g/a/n and
Duty Cycle—Important? Why?
DSSS
Beacon Size (Bytes)
100 200 250 300 350
1 896 1696 2096 2496 2896
2 496 896 1096 1296 1496
5.5 241 387 460 532 605
11 169 241 278 314 351
OFDM
6 153 287 353 420 487
12 87 153 187 220 253
24 53 87 103 120 137
54 35 50 57 64 72
130 26 32 35 38 42
300 23 25 27 28 29
Time µS
BRKEWN-2013
Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Any Cisco Access point already sees and
reports noise and interference per channel
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Wi-Fi and Spectrum Knowledge – Why
is silicon important?
Noise is complicated –
Collisions, fragments, corruption
Wi-Fi that is below sensitivity threshold of the receiver
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High Resolution Spectral Advantage
The Industry’s ONLY in-line high-resolution spectrum analyzer
Power
Power
?
BlueTooth
BlueTooth
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The Value of ASIC Based Intelligence
Troubleshooting Workflow Response A: Response B:
CleanAir Technology Software-only Solution
Event: SpyCam and
Microwave causing strong
interference
Detect presence of Two unique sources detected by all Energy detected by all APs
interference APs
Classify source of Spycam and microwave uniquely Inability to differentiate between
interference identified multiple sources of interference
Correlate interference events Interference correlated across all None – seen as unique event by each
across APs APs as two events AP
Assess impact to AP and Severity and impact of each Total Interference measured only
network interferer measured
Alert to IT Intelligent alert on sources and One alert per AP on “interference
impact detect”
Physically locate SpyCam Interferers precisely located on Unable to locate automatically,
and Microwave floor map manual search for both
Mitigate impact of Intelligent and automatic channel Manual changes based on limited
interference change data
Air Quality Report Network-wide view of Wi-Fi health None
by AP
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Enterprise Wireless Evolution
From Best Effort to Mission Critical
2005 2010
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Market Transitions
Workplace
Mobility Video
Experience
1.3 Billion new Networked Blurring the Borders: 50% of all Cisco Network
Mobile Devices in the Consumer ↔ Workforce Traffic Today Is Video
Next Three Years Employee ↔ Partner
Anyone, Anything,
Anywhere, Anytime
Mobile Devices
IT Resources
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“When the students returned this year, if you asked me
what percentage of students are using the Wi-Fi network
– I would have told you 40%. I was shocked to see 85%
of them using the Wi-Fi network”
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Influx of Mobile Devices Creates IT Challenge
IT Consumerization: Now a Reality
ENTERPRISE
TIME
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CleanAir Technical Details
BRKEWN-2013
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USER - HTML
MSE WCS Plus WCS TCP 443
WCS Base
Merging
History IDR Web Server
Spectrum Expert
Cisco
Location DB CleanAir Manager AQ Connect Expert
Spectrum
CleanAir Manager SOAP SNMP DB
NMSP SOAP UDP 161/162
TCP 443
TCP 16113
IDR Merging
CAPWAP AQ
USER –
CleanAir AP HTML/CLI
Base CleanAir System
CAPWAP
WLC + CleanAir AP
SensorD
TCP 37540/37550
SAgE
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CleanAir Specific Acronyms
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Key Components Interaction
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Non Wi-Fi Interference Detection
BRKEWN-2013
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The CleanAir AP
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Air Quality and Severity
20
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Supported Interferers
Cisco Unified Wireless Network 7.0 Release
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AQ Detail
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AQI In-Depth
Each AQ report contains the average, and the
minimum observed AQ during the period
Each CleanAir Radio sends AQ reports
independently to the WLC for the channel it is
serving (15 Minutes by default) or all channels if in
Monitor Mode (MMAP)
WLC Maintains last normal AQ report for each radio
until update is received
WCS polls each WLC at predetermined (normal or
rapid) intervals (Normal 15 minutes, Rapid 30
second)
Design Decision Moment: Rapid Update mode for a given radio
interface, pollutes overall average as normal averaging is suspended
while active
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AQI Summary
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Interference Device Report
IDR and The AP
severity WLC
IDR up/down reporting is
near real time
AP tracks all IDR’s not
reported to WLC
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Multiple AP‘s = Multiple Sensors
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IDR In-Depth – The AP - PMAC
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WLC Merging – and PMAC ―The
Cluster‖
IDR-DECT – ap2
IDR-DECT – ap3 2.4 GHz
Cordless
Merged IDR = DECT – AP-2
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PMAC Merge
•Once the PMAC Signatures are merged – we can identify which AP’s are
hearing the same device
•Notice the Cluster Center – this is the closest AP to the device
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WLC and PMAC Merging
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The MSE
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MSE Merging – LMAP X-WLC
MSE Merge
AP-1
AP-1
AP-2
AP-2
2.4 GHz
Cordless
RF Channel ―1‖
RF Channel ―6‖
RF Channel ―11‖
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MSE – WLC Merging and Location
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CleanAir Mitigation Modes
BRKEWN-2013
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Interference Mitigation Features
NOTE: Only Available with full CleanAir enabled installation – not overlay
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PDA - configuration
WCS – Configure=>controllers=>802.11a/b=>RRM=>DCA
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PDA Operation
If channel change is caused by PDA event – it will be logged
in WCS – Monitor=>RRM
PDA event is viewable on WLC=>wireless=>Access
Points=>Radios=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir RRM
Only available with full LMAP deployment
Microwave Oven, Video Camera, Canopy, Fixed Wi-Fi are
all persistent devices
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ED-RRM Operation
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ED-RRM Use Case
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Spectrum Monitoring
BRKEWN-2013
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WCS - Home
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WCS – CleanAir TAB
Requires MSE to display
Worst 802.11a/b interferers
802.11a
average AQ
Total 802.11a
Interferers
802.11b
average AQ
Total 802.11b
Interferers
802.11a
Minimum AQ
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WCS – Alarm Summary
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CleanAir
SNMP Trap Settings/controls
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WCS CleanAir Maps
Select Edit View to add CleanAir Average and Minimum readings to the Maps View
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WCS CleanAir Maps
Selecting a map for a given floor provides detail relevant to the selected floor. You can change the AP tags
to display CleanAir information such as CleanAir Status (shows which AP’s are capable), Min or average AQ
values, or Average and Minimum values. The values are relevant to the band selected.
Interferers displayed in this way do not require MSE – However they are
Raw and not coordinated to eliminate duplicates
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WCS CleanAir Maps
You can also view interference information being seen on any radio interface
by drilling down on the AP Icon and selecting the radio
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WCS CleanAir Maps
Air Quality heatmaps can be selected to represent average or minimum AQ and
Provide a visualization of the Air Quality over a mapped area.
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WCS – RRM Dashboard
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WCS CleanAir enabled Security
Dashboard
CleanAir designated Security devices are integrated with the Security dashboard
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WCS CleanAir Security
There are three devices enabled by Default for security – And not
a single WIDs/WIPs solution on the market can see them
The customer can also add any other device that they deem
appropriate
Jammer
Wi-Fi Inverted
Wi-Fi Invalid channel
Jammers – are self explanatory – and readily available online
Wi-Fi inverted is simply inverting the I and the Q of the RF signal –
very effective
Off Channel is a fairly easy hack with DD-WRT – simply moving
the center frequency by a few KHz will render it invisible.
BRKEWN-2013 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 61
WCS CleanAir Client Troubleshooting
integration
CleanAir information is
also coordinated into the
client troubleshooting
dashboard
Selecting a client – and
launching the client TS
dashboard now adds a
CleanAir tab
The TAB displays any
interference source that is
currently being detected
by the AP the client is
attached to
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WCS CleanAir Client TS integration
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Spectrum Expert Connect
BRKEWN-2013
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SE Connect-Cisco Spectrum Expert
using a CleanAir AP as the sensor
You will also need version 4.0 or greater of Spectrum Expert to use this feature
This version is still pending release as of this Webinar (June 16th 2010)
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Setting SE Connect on the CleanAir AP
The AP listens on
ports:
37540 for 2.4 GHz
37550 for 5 GHz
BRKEWN-2013 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 66
Setting SE Connect on the CleanAir AP
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Setting SE Connect on the CleanAir AP
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Spectrum Expert version 4.x Configuration
Monitor=>AP’s=>802.11b/a
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Launching SE Connect from WCS
Use Advanced Search to locate
AP’s in SE mode
From the host where you have
SE connect installed – select and
launch the SE connect Icon
Downloads a .CCF file and
launches SE Application
BRKEWN-2013 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 70
Spectrum Expert version 4.x Configuration
IP Address
Of AP
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CleanAir Configuration
BRKEWN-2013
Presentation_ID © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 72
CleanAir WLC enable
(WCS identical under Configure=>Controllers)
Wireless=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir
CleanAir is enabled
by Default on the AP
Interface
it is disabled Globally
by default on the
controller.
WLC CLI
(Cisco Controller) >config 802.11a/b cleanair enable
BRKEWN-2013 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 73
Per AP radio CleanAir Feature Enable
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WCS CleanAir Status
Monitor=>Access Points
Edit View – add CleanAir Status and CleanAir Capable
CleanAir sensor status –
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MSE – Context Aware
WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>tracking parameters
Disabled by
Default
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MSE – Context Aware - History
Disabled by
Default
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BRKEWN-2013 Recommended Reading
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BRKEWN-2012 Online Resources
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