Module 2 divided into 4 segments:

1. Concepts, Attitudes, Key features of critical approach

Answer the question about reading process including strategies of
2. Pre-reading
3. Whilst-Reading
4. Post-Reading

Concept of Critical Reading

Critical reading is also called close reading/active reading, wheeler, kip,1998.

According to Russel and smith, applying critical thinking to reading process by

1. Questioning and suspended judgment

2. Using methods of logical inquiry and problem solving
3. Evaluating in terms of some norm or standard or consensus

According to Kurland, critical reading is evaluating information and ideas for deciding what to accept
and believe involving reflecting on the validity of what a reader has read in his/her prior knowledge
and understanding of the world.

The different of Critical Reader and Non Critical Reader

1. How they approach the text, CR any single text is viewed as one’s description of the facts
taken on certain topic while to nonCR information in the text is viewed more as facts.
2. How they learn, CT recognize not only what a text says but also how a text describes a topic,
various ways of learning allowing them to see every text as the unique creation of a unique
author. Non CR tend to gain knowledge by memorizing the statements in the text, which is
surface level of learning.
3. Example of different attitude : History book
To CR, a history book is appreciated as how a particular perspective of event, particular
selection of facts, that can lead to particular understanding. Non CR, reading history book to
learn the fact of situation or to discover and accepted interpretation of the event.

Key feature of critical approach to reading

According to Pavel 2008

 1. There is no any single text conceives its own, pre-determined meaning.
2. It is a must for a reader to work hard to create meaning from every text.
3. Interaction between the critical reader and the text is questioning, responding, and expanding.
4. To create meaning, critical reader use various approaches, strategies, and techniques
including applying personal experiences and prior knowledge to reading process.
5. Critical readers actively search topics related to their investigation

Reading Process : Pre-Reading

Previewing Strategies:

1. Read the first sentence under each heading, which often states central though of the section.
2. Read the first sentence of each few paragraph to discover main idea.
3. Note any graphic aids, that often suggest what is important in the selection as they have been
chosen to support the massage, read the caption and legends on graph.
4. Read the last paragraph or summary, this may provide condensed view of selection of turn
reviewing key points or may draw the reading to a close.

Make prediction:

1. Essay’s focus.
2. A chapter’s method of development.
3. The key points to present.

Connect Reading to Prior Knowledge and Experience

How to activate background knowledge:

1. Ask question like “What do I already know about….” And try to answer it.
2. Draw on your experience if any
3. Brainstorm by making list or jotting down things related to the topic.

Guide Question

How to form Guide Question:

1. Turn each major heading into a series of question.

 2. As read a section, look for and highlight the answers to your questions.
3. When finish reading section, stop and check, place check marks by those you cannot recall.
Then reread.
4. Avoide one-answer question (Yes/No). Quesiton that begin with what why or how are more
useful.

Reading Process: Whilst-Reading Strategies

Purpose of Whilst-Reading Activities:

1. Identify
2. Organize
3. Understand key information

Whilst-Reading Strategies

1. Highlighting
Read the paragraph or section first then highlight the important parts. Highlight key ideas of
any topic sentence and supporting details. Be accurate and make sure your highlighting
reflects the idea stated in the passage. Highligh the right amount, not too little and not too
much. Usually 20 to 30 percent of the material.
2. Annotating
Underline or highlight key ideas, then put mark for certain purpose such as a star to mark
items or definition, brackets to indicate examples, asterisk to mark useful statement, a
question mark to indicate confusion statement, and exclamation point to argue or show
disagreement, etc Use numbering or draw circle, arrows to connect ideas.
3. Mapping
Ide map is visual picture of how the contents of paragprah essay and textbook chapter are
organized. Writing an idea map can help organize and check our own ideas to make sure all
ideas are included. The tips is in mapping ideas the thing that need to do are basically
identifying overall topic or subject, identify major ideas that related to the topic and connect
each one to the central topic, identify supporiting details and connect them with the major
ideas.
4. Outlining
 Purpose of outlining is to trach what you have read. Tips for outlining, don’t worry about the
format of outline, it show organization of idea, use word, phrases or complete sentences, use
own rods, explains or support the heading.
5. Figuring out unfamiliar words
Tips to figuring out unfamiliar words are circle or highlight new word, pronounce the word,
guessing from the context, guessing from word formation (prefix, root/stem and suffix), look
up in a dictionary.
6. Reading visuals
Read title or caption that indicates what situation is being described and legend is caption
explaining the visual. Determine how the visual is organized. Determine what variables that
may include quantities or categories. Determine the scale or unit of measurement and note
how the variables are measured. Identify trends, patterns or relationship shown in visual.
Read any footnotes and identify the source. Make a summary note.
7. SQ3R
SQ3R will strengthen and lengthen memory about what you read and also shorten time to
prepare for an exam. Steps in SQ3R is Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review.