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Analytical Method For Asphalt Concrete Job Mix Formula Design
Analytical Method For Asphalt Concrete Job Mix Formula Design
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Abstract - This paper presents a computerized method for Provide resistance to frost action for base and sub
asphalt concrete job-mix formula design; The Excel Solver base courses.
using Linear Programming by Optimization method was The proper selection of different sizes of aggregates to
adopted in this paper. The solver can handle problems that insure better performing mix is known as aggregate
involve many variable cells and can help to find combinations blending.
of variables that maximize or minimize a target cell. İt also
specifies one or more constraints-conditions that must be met There are several methods available for aggregate blending
for the solution to be valid. It proved that it is efficient and which can broadly classify into three categories: a) Graphical
quick enough to be used in such mix design. The aggregate Methods; b) Trial and Errors and c) Methods which involve
gradation area is calculated from graph by using trapezoidal Optimization Techniques.
rule in excel sheet, gradation area is more that area is having The graphical methods are applied for early stage of asphalt
more air voids. Gradation aims at reducing the void space, construction and still popular among engineers due to its
thus improving the performance of the mix. simplicity and rapidity. Even these methods can be applied
in the field to quickly assess the proper aggregate
Key Words: Job Mix Formula, Optimization, Excel Solver, proportioning.
Trapezoidal Rule, Gradation Area.
The several popular graphical methods are Triangular Chart
Method, Asphalt Institute Method and Routhfutch Method.
Graphical methods are limited by number of aggregate sizes.
1. INTRODUCTION Asphalt Institute graphical method and the triangular chart
method cannot accommodate more than two and three sizes
The objective of mix design is to determine the amount of of aggregates respectively. The results obtained from the
various sizes of mineral aggregates that is used to get a mix graphical methods are roughly accurate and cannot be
of maximum density. directly used. Although graphical methods can be used as an
Aggregates are classified as coarse, fine, and filler. The initial tool for aggregate proportioning and the solution
function of the coarse aggregates in contributing to the obtained can be further optimized by trial and error method.
stability of a bituminous paving mixture is largely due to The use of trial and error method also become complex with
interlocking and frictional resistance of adjacent particles. increases the number of different sizes of aggregates. Also
Similarly, fines or sand contributes to stability failure the trial and error methods and graphical methods cannot be
function in filling the voids between coarse aggregates. used to optimize cost. The aggregate blending problem
Mineral filler is largely visualized as a void filling agent. which affects a large number of aggregates and more than
Crushed aggregates and sharp sands produce higher stability one constraint cannot be solved by trial & error or graphical
of the mix when compared with gravel and rounded sands. methods. These complex aggregate blending problems
require more accurate and mathematical approach for
Gradation has a profound elect on mix performance. It might acceptable results. To address these issues several
be reasonable to believe that the best gradation is one that optimization tools are developed by continuous research in
produces maximum density. This would involve a particle the field. This Paper Presents the Proportioning of
arrangement where smaller particles are packed between Aggregates by Analytical Method i.e., Linear Programming by
larger particles, thus reducing the void space between using EXCEL SOLVER.
particles. This creates more particle-to-particle contact,
which in bituminous pavements would increase stability and
reduce water interaction. However, some minimum amount
of void space is necessary to:
provide adequate volume for the binder to occupy,
promote rapid drainage, and
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 927
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
This study investigated the use of a fuzzy triangular Area=1/3 d [(first and last/ordinates)+4(sum of
membership function to develop a linear program model that even/ordinates)+2(sum off odd/ordinates)].
can be used to get the optimum aggregate blend. A model was Area=1/3 d [(y1+yn)+4(y2+ y4+…..+ yn-1)+2(y3+ y5+………+ yn-2)
developed to provide the optimum blend taking into
consideration: design range, tolerances of mix job formula, The accuracy obtained by Simpsons 3/8 rule is around 1%
and variability associated with the percent passing for each in both tests. Simpsons 1/3 rule might also give results
sieve. An experimental investigation was developed to poorer than those obtained by the trapezoidal rule, as
evaluate the variability associated with the percent passing of mentioned in the introduction. However, a sketch of the
each sieve to be taken into consideration during model boundary would help t indicate which rule to apply. The work
development. Then, the problem of the aggregate blending in this paper shows that it is worth considering Simpsons 3/8
process was formulated and the main factors affecting this rule for area computation since it can provide competitive
process were discussed. accuracy.
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 928
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
b) Assign the Variables l) Make sure Assume Linear Model and Assume Non-
X1= 20mm aggregate, X2= 16mm aggregate, X3=10mm Negative boxes are checked, then click OK.
aggregate, X4= dust(Robo Sand), X5=filler (Granite Back at the Solver, click Solve. It should yield the solution.
Powder). Click on Keep solution.
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 929
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 930
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
From this solution we obtain combined gradation. With the Picking the values from Table 4 we can plot a graph as
values of obtained combined gradation and Required shown in Figure 3.2.1
gradation range a graph can be plotted. As shown below.
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 931
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 932