REDES DE DATOS II

Data Centers Overlay Networks

Alberto Arellano A. Ing. Msc.

aarellano@espoch.edu.ec
CCNA – CCNP - CCSP
Spanning Tree Protocol - Limitations
• The path is the shortest only from the perspective of root
• Long convergence times (>> 50 seconds)
• Danger of flood storms
• Choice of the root is not safe
• STP deactivates ports to form a tree
Solution - Overlay Networks
Overlay Network is a technology for encapsulating Ethernet frames
across a routed network. Its goal is to combine the best aspects of a
Layer 2 network with the best aspects of a Layer 3 network.
• TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) – IETF 6326
• NVGRE (Network Virtualization using GRE) – RFC 7637 Microsoft
• OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization)
• VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) – RFC 7348
• SPB (Shortest Path Bridging) – IEEE 802.1aq
• FabricPath (TRILL - CISCO)
• GENEVE (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation)
• STT (Stateless Transport Tunneling)
TRILL
Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
TRILL SOLUTION - Overview
TRILL SOLUTION - Functions
TRILL Advantages - RFC 6326 (07/2011)
IETF standard for L2 scalability, inventor of STP is inventor of
TRILL – Radia J. Perlman
Loop Efficient Fast Easy
Prevention Forwarding Convergence Deployment

 Build loop free  Forward data  Listen to network

distribution efficiently topology  Easy
tree and use based on SPF changes and configuration
TTL to avoid and ECMP complete  Unified control
loops convergence protocol for
within a few Unicast and
milliseconds Multicast
TRILL Header (64 bits)

FIELD DESCRIPTION
V version number, which is 0 currently. Each RB must check the version number when
receiving a TRILL packet. If the version is incorrect, the RB discards the packet.. (2
bits)
R Reserved for future extension. An ingress RB sets the R field to 0 when adding a
TRILL header. Transit RBs and egress RBs ignore the field. (2 bits)

M Multidestination attribute:
• 0  Known unicast frame.
• 1  Multidestination frame (multicast, broadcast, or unknown unicast frame).

ExtLng Length of the Options field. 0 indicates that the Options field does not exist. (5
bits)
Hop Hop count, which is used to avoid loops. An RB drops a TRILL frame whose hop
count is decremented to 0. (6 bits)

Nickname Nickname of the ingress/egress RB (16 bits)

 Nickname Concepts
• Each RB on a TRILL network has a unique
nickname. The nickname is similar to an IP
address in terms of function.
• A nickname has one priority and one root My nickname
RB3

priority. When a nickname conflict occurs on is

000000000001
a TRILL network, the priority determines
which RB's nickname is to be advertised to RB2 RB1 RB4
other RBs.
 The RB with the highest priority
advertises its nickname. RB5
 If the RBs with the same nickname have
the same priority, the RB with the largest
system ID advertises its nickname. A Nickname Must be
Unique on the Network
• An RB uses its root priority to run for the
root of multicast tree. The RBs with the
highest and second-highest root priority are
selected as the roots of two multicast trees.
 VLANs on a TRILL Network
VLAN Description Packet Supported
CE VLAN A CE VLAN connects to the TRILL Native Ethernet packets
network and is usually configured on the
edge devices of a TRILL network to
generate multicast routes.
Carrier VLAN A carrier VLAN transmits TRILL control TRILL control packets
packets and TRILL data packets. A and data packets
maximum of three carrier VLANs can be
configured on an RB. In the inbound
direction, native Ethernet packets are
encapsulated into TRILL packets in carrier
VLANs. In the outbound direction, TRILL
packets are decapsulated and restore to
native Ethernet packets.
Admin VLAN A special CE VLAN transmits TRILL TRILL network
network management traffic. management traffic.
Designated VLAN To combine or separate TRILL networks, TRILL control packets
multiple carrier VLANs are configured on a and data packets
TRILL network. However, only one carrier
VLAN is selected to forward TRILL control
and data packets. The selected VLAN is
called a designated VLAN.
 NET
• Similar to IS-IS, TRILL uses network entity titles (NETs) to
identify network layer information about switches. A NET
includes the following elements:
 Area ID: An area ID identifies an area. An IS-IS network has
multiple areas, while a TRILL network has only one area.
The TRILL area ID is 00.
 System ID: identifies a host or switch and has a fixed length
of 48 bits. In actual applications, a system ID can be
automatically generated or configured. You can specify the
system ID (unique on the entire network) when using
the network-entity (TRILL) command to configure a NET. If
this command is not configured, the system generates a
system ID. The generated system ID is the same as the
bridge MAC address of RB.
 SEL (also referred to as NSAP Selector or N-SEL): The role
of a SEL is similar to that of the protocol identifier of IP. Each
transport protocol has one unique SEL. The SEL of TRILL is
00.
TRILL Encapsulation – Unicast Data Path
Port Roles
ROLE DESCRIPTION
ACCESS UNI interface, which connects to user terminals, forwards Native
Ethernet packets but does not forward TRILL packets. The link on the
interface is not advertised by the LSP protocol packets. AF election is
required only for this type of interfaces.
TRUNK NNI interface, which supports broadcast links, forwards only TRILL
packets and protocol packets, but does not forward Native Ethernet
packets.
P2P NNI interface, which functions the same as the trunk interface except it
does not participate in DRB election.
TRILL Proccess
Establishing TRILL Neighbor Relationships

TRILL devices send Hello packets (TRILL Hello PDUs) to establish

neighbor relationships. Because of different port types, the Hello
packets sent on broadcast and P2P links are different; however, the
processes of establishing a neighbor relationship over these links are
similar.
TRILL Proccess
Synchronizing LSDB

After a DRB is elected, the LSDBs maintained by all RBs on the

network are synchronized. An LSDB is the basis for generating a
forwarding table. Therefore, LSDB synchronization is essential to
correct data traffic forwarding on the network. The LSDB
synchronization process varies depending on the network type.
TRILL Routing
• Unicast:
 Packets are forwarded hop-by-hop using local Shortest
path
 Equal Cost Multipath supported, load-balancing a local
decision
• Multicast:
 Traffic is sent over Multicast Distribution Trees (MDTs)
 Highest priority RB (Selector) decides how many MDTs to
build
 MDT list can be sent in LSP, but defaults to highest priority
RBs
 If # of MDTs < # of RBs, out-of-order packet delivery may
occur
 Building 1 tree similar to Spanning Tree.
TRILL Routing
APPOINTED FORWARDER (AF)
TRILL supports VLANs. To avoid loops, TRILL requires
all the traffic of a VLAN on a network segment to enter
and leave the TRILL network through the same port of
an RB. This RB is the AF or AVF of the VLAN, and the
port is the appointed port.

AF
TRADITIONAL MAC LEARNING
TRILL MAC LEARNING
TRILL Application – Interconnection Between DCs

• TRILL does not run between egress RBs or different DCs

• The interconnecting interfaces between the RBs are inbound
interfaces for servers in the respective TRILL sites
• Different DCs are interconnected through a VPLS network or optical
fibers
• Egress RBs must learn MAC addresses of all servers
Configuration Roadmap

Enable TRILL globally on RBs so that the RBs

can process TRILL packets

Configure mandatory parameters such as the

VLAN, NET, and nickname.

Enable TRILL on the interfaces connecting the RBs

so that the interfaces can send and receive TRILL
packets.

Configure an admin VLAN on each of RBs so

that the administrators can manage devices
Lab 1 - TRILL – eNSP (CE-6800)

• Carrier Vlan = 10
• CE – Vlan = 100
Configure RB1
Configure RB1
Display STP status
Enable TRILL on interfaces RB1
Enable TRILL on interfaces RB2
Check TRILL Configuration
Check TRILL Configuration
Wireshark Capture ge 1/0/1 Hello PDU
Configure interface ge 1/0/8 – PC1&PC2
Check connectivity -- PC1&PC2
Check connectivity -- PC1&PC2
Lab 2 - TRILL Data Center
Configure RB1
Configure RB2
Configure RB3
Configure RB4
Configure RB5
Enable TRILL on interfaces
Enable TRILL on interfaces
Enable TRILL on interfaces
Enable TRILL on interfaces
Enable TRILL on interfaces
Enable TRILL on interfaces
Check TRILL Configuration
Check TRILL Configuration
Check Connectivity