Core Subject for Senior High School Students

Nominal Duration: 80 Hours

Student Level: Grade 11

Subject Description:
The course introduces
the learners to basic under-
standing of media and infor-
mation as channels of com-
munication and tools for the
development of individuals
and societies.
To develop creative and
critical thinkers as well as re-
sponsible users of media and
information.

► Introduction to Media and

Information Literacy
► The Evolution of Traditional to New
Media
► Types of Media
► Media and Information Sources
► Media and Information Languages
► Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
► Opportunities, Challenges, and
Power of Media and Information
► Current and Future Trends of Media
and Information
► People Media
► Text Information and Media
► Visual Information and Media
► Audio Information and Media
► Motion Information and Media
► Manipulative Information
and Media
► Multimedia Information and Media
M1.Introduction to Media And Info Literacy
INTRODUCTION

In this module you will be introduced to the subject and

the basics of media and information. Definitions, models and
process of literacy will be discussed and you’ll be practicing
your skills in assessing and analyzing information.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
► Describe how communication is influenced by media
and information
► Identify the similarities and differences between and
among media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy
► Discuss responsible use of media and information
► Explain how the evolution of media from traditional to
new media shaped the values and norms of people
and society
► Uses various strategies in order to avoid communica-
tion breakdown.
► Compare and contrast how one particular issue or
news is presented through the different types of me-
dia (print, broadcast, online)
►

REMINDERS

After every content, activities and exercises will be given.

The key to the success of this module is self training, discipline
and honesty. The lessons in this module will then be utilized on
the succeeding modules as part of the subject. Each activities
will be evaluated.
L1.Intro to MIL
Media and
Information The capability to access,
analyze, and invent media.

Literacy (MIL)
A mandatory for people to
know their human rights to
express their opinion

There are Main Benefits of MIL which are:

In the teaching and learning process, it equips the teachers with en-

1 hanced knowledge to empower future citizens.

Media and information literacy imparts crucial knowledge about the

2
functions of media and information channels in democratic societies,
reasonable understanding about the conditions

A society that is media and information literate fosters the develop-

3
ment of free, independent and pluralistic media and open information
systems.

Along these benefits are the most current concepts of MIL which are:

Media Literacy Information Literacy Technology Literacy

1
L1.Intro to MIL
Media Literacy
Significance of ML
It is the understanding to ac-
cess, analyze, evaluate, create, re-  Develop critical thinking skills.
flect and act using all forms of com-
 Understand how media messages shape our
munication .
culture and society
Used to figure out the com-
 Identify target marketing strategies
plex messages we get from televi-
sion, radio, Internet, newspapers,  Recognize what media maker wants us to believe or do

magazines, books, billboards, video  Name the techniques of persuasion used

games, music, and all other forms
 Recognize bias, spin, misinformation and lies
of media.
 Discover the parts of the story that are not being told
Media literacy skills are in-
 Evaluate media messages based on our experiences,
volved in the educational stand-
skills, beliefs, and values
ards of every state--in language
arts, social studies, health, science,  Create and distribute our own media messages
and other subjects  Advocate for media justice

Information Literacy Significance of IL

It is a set of skills requiring peo-

ple to recognize when information
is needed and have the ability to
locate, evaluate, and use effective-
ly the needed information
Information literacy also is
more essential nowadays because
of technological change and
spread of wide knowledge like fake
news, pandemic update, pictures
and photos.
It is used to verify the authen-
ticity, validity, and reliability of the
given data.
 Determine the extent of information needed.
 Access the needed information effectively
and efficiently.
 Evaluate information and its sources critically.
 Incorporate selected information into one’s
knowledge base.
 Use information effectively to accomplish a
specific purpose.
 Understand the economic, legal, and social
issues surrounding the use of information, and
access and use information ethically and
legally.

2
L1.Intro to MIL
Technology Literacy
Significance of TL
It is the skill of a person, work-
ing independently and with others,
Problem-solve
to responsibility, appropriately and
effectively uses technology tools to Communicate
access, manage, integrate, create  Locate, use and synthesize information found
and communicate information.
using technology.
It also called digital literacy.
Develop skills necessary to function in the 21st century.

To show the connection of the three, refer to the image below.

1-Create 2-Identify where

information with and when the
different information will
media be posted.
(ML) (IL)

3-Share the infor-

mation with tools
or technology for
others to use the
information.
(TL)

3
L2.Evolution of MIL (Traditional to New Media)
Introduction

The development of media didn't start with Facebook, Messenger nor Instagram. It all
started with a rock. Yes, you read it right, with a rock. Then to drawings within stones and
body. Read through the lesson 2 to learn more about the evolution of media.

Content

1-Pre-historic Era(200,000 BCE 4,000 BCE)

A. Petroglyphs -Petroglyphs are illustrations created

by abolishing part of a rock surface by incising or
carving, as a form of rock art.

Some petroglyph images probably have deep cul-

tural and religious significance for the cultures that
created them.

B.Cave Paintings - (also known as “parietal art” )are

painted drawings on cave walls or ceilings, mainly
of prehistoric descent, to some 40,000 years ago
(around 38,000 BCE) in both Asia and Europe.

The paintings are exceptionally identical around

the world, with animals being common subjects
that give the most dramatic images.

C. Dance - in archaic civilizations, dancing before the

god was fundamental in temple rituals. In Egypt, the
priests and priestesses perform ceremonial movements for
significant events. The dance is done with by harps and
pipes as music.

Archeological evidence for early dance includes

9,000-year-old paintings in India at the Rock Shelters of
Bhimbetka, and Egyptian tomb paintings depicting
dancing figures

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L2.Evolution of MIL (Traditional to New Media)
Content

1-Pre-historic Era(200,000 BCE 4,000 BCE)

D. Body Art –Body painting was temporary, painted in the hu-

man skin, and lasted for one day, or at most a couple of
weeks.

Body painting with clay and other innate pigments existed in

most tribal cultures. Often worn during ceremonies, it has a lot
of meanings such as becoming adult, wedding, preparation
for hunt, birth, death, position, symbol of power.

2-Ancient Era (3000 BCE 100 CE)

A.Writing

1-Cuneiform script is one of the earliest schemes of

writing, identified by its wedge-shaped marks on clay
tablets, built by means of a blunt reed for a stylus.

The cuneiform writing system was in use for more

than three millennia, through several points of devel-
opment, from the 34th century BCE down to the sec-
ond century CE.

2- Egyptian hieroglyphs were an orderly writing system

used by the ancient Egyptians that combined ana-
grammed and alphabetic elements. Used for religious
articles on papyrus and wood(3,300 BCE-400 CE).

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L2.Evolution of MIL (Traditional to New Media)
Content

2-Ancient Era (3000 BCE 100 CE)

B. Alphabet

1- The Phoenician alphabet- ( also called Proto-Canaanite

alphabet) is the oldest confirmed alphabet. It contains 22
letters, all of which are consonants.

It was acquired from Egyptian hieroglyphs and became

one of the most extensively used writing systems, spread by
Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean world,
where it expanded and was comprehended by many oth-
er cultures.

2- ( 8th century BCE) The Greeks borrowed

the Phoenician alphabet and acclimated it
to their own language, creating in the de-
velopment the first “true” alphabet, in
which vowels were bestowed balanced
status with consonants.

According to Greek legends addressed

by Herodotus, the alphabet was carried
from Phoenicia to Greece by Cadmos.

C. Drama- is the clear-cut mode of narrative, commonly

fictional, served in performance.T he theatrical culture of
the city-state of Athens generated three genres of drama:
tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play.

D. Paper- The word “paper” is derived from papyros, An-

cient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant.

Papyrus is a chunky, paper-like matter used in ancient

Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing way be-
fore the paper making in China.

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L2.Evolution of MIL (Traditional to New Media)
Content

3-Industrial Era (1440 1890)

A. Printing Press -A printing press is an apparatus for administer-

ing pressure to an inked surface recessing upon a print medi-
um (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. The
invention and spread of the printing press was one of the
most prominent events in the second millennium.

It was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Jo-

hannes Gutenberg around 1440

B. Dry Plates- the Collodion dry plates had been accessible

since 1855 by Désiré van Monckhoven.

C. Telegraphy- the long-distance broadcast of textual or sym-

bolic messages. An electrical telegraph was self-sufficiently
advanced and patented in the United States in 1837 by Sam-
uel Morse

D. Telephone– Is a telecommunication device that allows many

users to administer a conversation when they are too far apart.
Alexander Graham Bell was the first to get a patent for a tele-
phone.

E. Phonograph- is a device designed for the power-driven re-

cording and reproduction of sound. It is also called gramo-
phone afterwards.

F. Film– is also called movie, motion picture, theatrical film , or

photoplay. It is a series of immobile images that generates the
illusion of moving images.

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L2.Evolution of MIL (Traditional to New Media)
Content

4-Information Era (1906 present)

The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People har-
nessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits,
and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became
more efficient. afterwards.

Transistor Radio Electronic Circuit

Mainframe Computer Television 1950’s

8
L2.Evolution of MIL (Traditional to New Media)
Content

5-NEW AGE (1900S to Present)

The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the so-
cial network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of per-
sonal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image,
sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age.

2015-Super Computer 2016-NanoTech 2019-Quantum Computers

9
L2.Evolution of MIL (Traditional to New Media)
Content

Given the evolution of media information in the world, what could be the signifi-
cance of these development in the society?

It introduced entertainment to society. Entertainment like film, music, videos, games
and online games.

Publication of art and more recreational products. It is now easier to share the talent
we have.

Faster and easier communication around the world.

Provide information and education such as online resources of encyclopedia.

Used for maintenance and monitoring such as government progress, business and
even in school grading.

Transactions done via online like payments and process.

10
L3.Types of Media
Introduction

After the evolution of media, there is also a need to differentiate the different types of
media. Read and study the types and answer the activity given.

Content

Generally, media is used worldwide to transfer information. Just like writing a love
letter to your crush, here are the types of media for you to have additional idea how to
transfer your feelings to your crush.

1 Print Media
Two Divisions of Print Media

1-Reporting

Reporters are the ones who write the contents

This type of media is
of the paper by investigating news worthy events
composed of newspapers,
and interesting stories.
magazines. Print Media in-
volves the usage of a physi- 2-Editing

cal medium, such as paper, Editors assign stories to the reporters and de-
and is printed and distributed cide which story is to be printed. They edit the
by a publishing company. story content and check if there is a need for re-
vision.

Outdoor Media
This is specific print media with contents that vary from advocacy and public
service announcements. Includes advertisement, marketing, public relations and
political communication are often found in newspapers.

11
L3.Types of Media
Content

2 Broadcast Media
3 New Media

Media that transmits infor- Type of media that now uses

mation immediately to the widest
possible audience (most convenient
and practical way).
The main purpose is for the sake
of immediate transmission to a wide
audience. Exhibited in daily life
through the usage of wired/wireless
communications like television, ra-
dio, telephone, live broadcast.
the newest means of communica-
tion, digital technology.
Internet, the main gateway for
accessing such information is con-
sidered to be the easiest way of
gaining information.

Along these three types of media, a convergence among them happens in the soci-
ety. It involves the merging of the three types of media: Print, Broadcast and New Media.
The following situations below show the convergence of the medias presented.

As the New Media continues to advance, the olderbof media, Print

and Broadcast are slowly being left behind.

News Articles, Online Broadcasts, and many more has begun appear-
ing because of the convergence.

It gave way for the Broadcast Media to create more ways in transmit-
ting information, for example: 1-Online Videos, 2- Online Streaming

Some consumers stopped their subscription on television for broadcast

media since it is available for free with new media.

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L4.Media and Information Sources
Introduction

Fake news is eminent nowadays. It’s everywhere, and there is a need to validate first
the information before sharing, adding a comment or even before liking it. Here are the
following sources for your media.

Content
Also known as community media. It is any source that created by the com-

1
munity, for the community and about the community. The source is com-
Indigenous posed to develop information understood by the community, that reflects
their own. Ex: Barangay Ordinances given by the Brgy Capt.

Source in which literary, musical, artistic, academic and any materials pub-

2
lished and organized by genre and sorted alphabetically. It was construct-
Library ed after the invention of printing press. The main point for library is the ca-
pacity have physical or digital access of information such as books.

A global computer network providing information and communication fa-

3
cilities. You need to check the source’s reliability , accuracy, value, authori-
Internet ty, and timeliness before copying the information as your assignment. You
also need to ask permission before pasting to have a safe sourcing.

13
L4.Media and Information Sources

14
L5.Media and Information Languages
Introduction

MI Language doesn’t mean the spoken word or written context. It is the way in which
the meaning of a media text is conveyed to the audience. Through signs and symbols, the
media communicates to its intended audience. Read through to get more discussions
about the media and information languages.

Content

MI Language example is how a poster for a horror movie is done, usually dark with
scary picture. For a comedy content, the MI language is usually bright and colorful. To clas-
sify the different types of MI language, refer below.

Visual Language Aural Language Written Language

Televisions and films, Diegetic/non- Is a print-based me-

what you see in the diegetic sound used dia, such as captions.
screen, camera an- to modify the mean- Also indicates the lan-
gles and movements ing guage chosen (Eng/
has meaning. Fil/Mandarin).

Example: drumroll for

Example: Clouds and suspense movie, up- Example: Caption for
light means heaven beat drums for action a photograph is a
scenes quote

Verbal Language Non-Verbal Language

Used in TV, Radio and Body language and

film. Its delivery and gestures.
context is very signifi-
cant to convey a
message Example: The charac-
ter punches the door,
Example: High-pitch
indicating he/she is
voice of female indi-
angry.
cates a young-aged
character

15
L5.Media and Information Languages
Content

Going more specific, we also have Media Language, note that Media & Information
(MI) Language is different from Media language. Media Language are codes, conven-
tions, formats and symbols that indicate media messages. Media languages are the more
specific way of creating or composing a message of media. Read and understand the dis-
cussion below.

Codes SYMBOLIC CODES-iconic symbols that are easily understood

are systems of signs Ex: Red rose in movies means romantic love
that when put
together create WRITTEN CODES-use of language style and textual layout
meaning Ex: headlines, captions in FB post, your conyo style in messenger

TECHNICAL CODES-are ways in which equipment is used to tell the story

Ex: sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting as well as camera
techniques, framing, depth of field, lighting, exposure and juxtaposition.

Audience
"G" -the film is suitable for all audiences.
Media consumers or
anyone else who is "PG" - film is suitable for children below 13 years of age.
exposed to the mes- "R-13"-the film may not be suitable for children below 13 years of age.
sage of media “R-16”- the film not be suitable for children below 16 years of age.
“R-18" -film may not be suitable for children below 18 years of age.
“X-Rated”-films are not suitable for public exhibition.

Convention
a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior

Producers
People engaged in the process of creating and putting together
media content to make a finished media product

Stakeholders
Libraries, archives, museums, internet and other relevant infor-
mation providers.

16
L5.Media and Information Languages
Content

Here are the specific types of shots:

Bird’s Eye View Worm Eye View Eye Level View

17
L6.Legal,Ethical and Societal Issues in M&I
Introduction

Many people are using the social media and even internet, and so you are. You should
be at least aware of Republic Act No. 10175 - Or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, which
aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet. Among the cyber-
crime offenses included in the bill are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity
theft, illegal access to data and libel, and I guess you are committing some of these crimes un-
consciously.
Content

Before heading to the different crimes, let us discuss first the Intellectual properties
that refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and
symbols, names and images used in commerce. These properties, when got into wrong doings
can lead to cyber crime.

The types of Intellectual Property are listed below:

1-Copyright 2-Patent 3-Trademark

It is a legal term used to describe the
an exclusive right grant- a sign capable of distin-
rights that creators have over their literary
ed for an invention. Pro- guishing the goods or
and artistic work, books, music, paintings,
vides the patent owner services of one enter-
sculpture and films, to computer pro-
with the right to decide prise from those of other
grams, databases, advertisements, maps
how - or whether - the enterprises.
invention can be used
by others.

5– Geographical Indications
a specific geographical origin and
possess qualities or characteristics that
are essentially attributable to that place
of origin.
4-Industrial Design
constitutes the ornamental or
aesthetic aspect of an article. It
may be 2d or 3d, an examples is the
design of different phones and their
contents.

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L6.Legal,Ethical and Societal Issues in M&I
Content

Moving forward, let’s define first the following words

Cyber relates to Cybercrime refers

Cyberspace refers to the criminal ac-
computers or
to the virtual tivities carried out
computer networks by means of com-
computer world
(such as the Inter- puters or the Inter-
net
net)

If any of the given above are used for immoral or wrong purpose, or if intellectual
properties are stolen, used illegally or copied with no permission, the following crimes may
be filed against the person:

the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending

Cyberbullying messages of an intimidating or threatening nature

refers to the practice of modifying or altering computer software and hard-

Hacking ware to accomplish a goal that is considered to be outside of the creator's
original objective.

is the attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords,

Phishing and credit card details (and, indirectly, money), often for malicious reasons,
by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

refers to obtaining files that you do not have the right to use from the Internet.
Illegal
Illegal download sites are: The Pirate Bay, kickass, torrent downloads, yts, etc
Downloading

the practice of illegally copying and selling digital music, video, computer
Digital Piracy software, etc. digital piracy includes fmovies and freemovies

19
L6.Legal,Ethical and Societal Issues in M&I
Content

is the deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a method to gain

a financial advantage or obtain credit and other benefits in the other per-
Identity Theft son's name, and perhaps to the other person's disadvantage or loss

is an unprivileged false statement of fact which tends to harm the reputa-

Cyber tion of a person or company. There are two types namely:
Defamation 1 . Libel - written 2. Slander - verbal

also called computer sex, Internet sex, netsex.

It is a virtual sex encounter in which two or more people (connected re-

Cyber Sex motely via internet) send each other sexually explicit contents or sexually
explicit acts

is a form of child sexual exploitation

Child
Pornography

is registering, trafficking in, or using an Internet domain name with bad faith
Cybersquatting
intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else.

an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts

Plagiarism of another author without authorization; the representation of that author's
work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author

20
L6.Legal,Ethical and Societal Issues in M&I
Content

We also have the following terms to be guided with our behavior while using media
and internet:

is a legal concept that allows the reproduction of copyrighted material for

certain purposes without obtaining permission and without paying a fee.
Fair Use
Purposes permitting the application of fair use generally include review,
news reporting, teaching, or scholarly research.

the excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life.
Computer This excessive use may for example interfere with work or sleep, result in
problems with social interaction, or affect mood, relationships and thought
Addiction
processes.

an economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or

knowledge of ICT. The divide within countries can refer to inequalities be-
Digital Divide tween individuals, households, businesses, and geographic areas at differ-
ent socioeconomic (and other

is registering, trafficking in, or using an Internet domain name with bad faith
Cybersquatting
intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else.

Netiquette the correct or acceptable way of communicating on the Internet.

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L6.Legal,Ethical and Societal Issues in M&I
Content

A basic map of posting a photo in social media

22