TYPES OF TRANSMISSIONS AND TYPES

OF ASSOCIATED INSPECTIONS

Kushal Dhungana
AB13
MODULE 7
PROFESSOR: JOSÉ BRIGAS AND
PEDRO ALVES

INDICE
INTRODUCTION----------------------------------3
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TRANSMISSIONS---------------------------------4
TYPES OF TRANSMISSONS---------------------5
INSPECTIONS-------------------------------------

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 INTRODUCTION
This is one of the many projects that we do instead of our
practical hours that we couldn’t complete due to the corona
virus. In this project we will be talking about transmission. In
this project we will talk about transmissions, their types and
the inspections associated with them.
A transmission is a mechanism for transferring power.
Transmission is achieved through the use of gears, belts and
pulleys, chains and sprockets, jackscrews, levers, and push-
pull rods. Aircraft have numerous transmission devices the
most notable of which is the reduction gearbox between an
engine and a propeller.
In order to finish this project, we will talk reference from our
module 7 English manual and the slides that are in the
Moodle. We will also take reference from the internet to
further our knowledge and to better understand our topic.
This is intended to help us a lot during our maintenance work
as a technician so, we will talk all the necessary things that
we need to in this word document.

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 TRANSMISSIONS
A transmission is a mechanism for transferring power.
Transmission is achieved through the use of gears, belts and
pulleys, chains and sprockets, jackscrews, levers.
In terms of mechanical engineering, transmissions consist of
a series of parts (or components) in which a power source
can be applied to the other component, which is then able to
do the necessary work in the form of movement.
Transmissions can be used for:
-Connect two (or more) axes so that one body of the
movement to another (or others).
-Change the speed of one axis in relation to another.
-Change the direction of rotation of one axis in relation to
another.
-Converter from one type of movement to another (rotary to
linear or vice versa).

TYPES OF TRANSMISSIONS
 GEARS
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 The purpose of a gear is the transmission of power
through motion. The contact and movement within a gear
system result in stress and wear.
Gear sets and ratios
A gear set consists of two (or more) wheels (running in
series, separate axes, parallel) in such a way that one gear
transmits to the other. Gear sets can change the direction
of rotation and they can also change the exit speed. The
rotation speed depends on the relationship between the
number of teeth of the input gear to the output gear.
(Gear ratio).
If, for example, the input gear has 25 teeth and the output
gear has 75 teeth, then the output speed it will be in the
25:75 ratio, or one third of the input speed. On the other
hand, if the input gear has 20 teeth and the output gear
has 10 teeth, then the output speed it will be at the 20:10
ratio, or twice the input speed.
There are various types gears that are used in aircraft.
Three of the most common of their types are:
1. Spur Gears
2. Helical Gears
3. Conical Gears
INSPECTION OF GEARS
Gears are moving parts of an aircraft so they are constantly
moving and constantly under stress and strain. Therefore,
their inspection is necessary from time to time to check if
they work properly or if they are functioning properly. To

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better understand we first need to understand what types of
failures can occur in gears. Some of them are listed below.
Gear tooth problems
-Pitting - Cracking and Flacking -Casing -Bearings. -lack of
Lubricant
The following things should be taken in account while doing
gears inspection
Due to the high power that is transmitted by gears in certain
situations and keeping in mind that (using gears) only one
tooth at a time can be subjected to this power, then the
point
contact between the teeth in the mesh is very important.
Helical gears can have up to 5 teeth in contact.
The loads must be applied halfway between the front faces
and rear of the sprocket.
They must also be exercised between 1/3 and 2/3 of the
distance between the root and the tip of the gear tooth.

CHAINS AND SPROKETS

Chains, for use in aircraft, are generally the type of roller
simple consisting of and internal plates, rollers, pins and
bushings. Chains can be one of four standard sizes, but for
the most installations the manufacturer dictates the size and
type of used chains.

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They are obtained as complete and proven units from
manufacturers, and are identified by their IPC part numbers.
Chain links or attachments must never be drilled and riveted.
Where the chains have screws in place of the rollers, then the
split pins must be replaced, BUT, if the nuts are self-braking,
then the nut and bolt must be replaced before reassembly.

INSPECTION OF CHAINS AND SPROKETS

Chain sets should be inspected for maintenance within the
periods specified in the Maintenance Manual. The
continuous smoothness of the operation between the chain
and the chain or pulley should be checked for wear. This can
be confirmed by lifting the connections, disconnecting the
teeth the wheel and check the connections for looseness.

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The chain should also be checked for damage, cleanliness,
correct lubrication and corrosion. If a chain is suspected of
becoming elongated, it must be removed, cleaned and
subjected to a specified tensile load. Its length is then
measured and the measurement is compared with its
nominal length when it was new.
If it has an extension of 2% or more, in any section of the
chain, then the chain assembly will need to be replaced. One
of the most common operations performed on sets of chains
is to check the chain tension. Care must be taken not to twist
the final connections when retightening the locknuts, which
fit into the end connectors.

PUSH-PULL ROD SYSTEM

Push-pull tubes are used as linkage in various types of
mechanically operated systems. This type of linkage
eliminates the problem of varying tension and permits the
transfer of either compression or tension stress through a
single tube. A push-pull tube assembly consists of a hollow
aluminium alloy or steel tube with an adjustable end fitting
and a check nut at either end.
The check nuts secure the end fittings after the tube
assembly has been adjusted to its correct length. Push-pull
tubes are generally made in short lengths to prevent
vibration and bending under compression loads.

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 INSPECTION OF PUSH-PULL ROD SYSTEM
Inspection of push pull rods includes ensuring that they are
perfectly straight (unless designed otherwise). When
installed, the assembly should be correctly aligned and
should move freely. The spherical rod end bushing is either
sealed or are fitted with a fitting to be lubricated.
The bolt or pin installed through the rod end should be in
good condition and safe tied properly. The bores through
which the rod end bolt connect the rod to an assembly must
also be inspected. The bolt may have to be removed for
inspection. Rod ends do fail and should be inspected
frequently and replaced when recommended. This is
particularly important since push-pull tube assemblies are
often used in flight controls and landing gear. There should
be a smooth movement in the push pull rod assembly free
from binding. Anything else should prompt further
inspection.

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 JACKSCREWS AND INSPECTION
A jack screw transmission of power is common on aircraft. It
is often used as the drive for lowering and raising flaps and
on stabilizer and rudder trim mechanisms. A gear
arrangement or gearbox is used to transfer the power to the
jack screw.
A ball nut attached to the moving component is rotated
which follows the helically ground jack screw until the
component is in the selected position. Lubrication and back
lash are the t wo primary maintenance concerns with a jack
screw arrangement.
The jackscrew must be cleaned before lubricating or making
clearance adjustments. Regular lubrication intervals are
specified in maintenance data due to the environmental
exposure of many jackscrew installations. Ball nut wear is
possible and is also checked. Use of jigs or special measuring
tools is common.

CONCLUSION
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In the end, we get to learn a lot about airplane transmission
system through this project. We found out that the aircraft
transmission system is formed of various parts. Most
common of them are gears, chains, jack screw and pulleys.
This project has helped us in the better understanding of the
aircraft transmission system.
Here we talk about each individual parts of the transmission
system in detail as well as how their inspection is carried out.
For example, If chains have an extension of 2% or more, in
any section of the chain, then the chain assembly will need to
be replaced. We also learn the same about various other
parts but in here we only talk about chains, gears, jack screws
and pulleys.
This project was fun and helpful project which helped us
technicians for the better understanding of the airplanes that
we will have to work on later during our work as a technician.

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 BIBLOGRAPHY
SLIDES OF MOODLE OF SEVENAIR ACADEMY
Maintenance Practices for Aviation Maintenance - ENGLISH
MANUAL

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