Relations with India

Success
- In April 1950, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan signed minority pact with Nehru of
India. The leaders of the two countries agreed that each country would provide
protection and religious freedom for the religious minorities. This strengthened
the relations as the both countries were on common ground.
- In 1960, Indus water treaty was signed between Pakistan and India assisted by
United Nation. This was to resolve the issue of water supply stopped by India. This
gave 3 rivers to India and 3 to Pakistan. This also included building of Dams and
Roads in Pakistan by assistance of UN and India. This improved the relations
between India and Pakistan as a major issue was resolved.
- In 1966, Tashkent Declaration was signed between Pakistan and India by
assistance of USSR. It was declared the war will be stopped and both the
countries will pull back their armies. Kashmir Issue will be resolved by peaceful
negotiations. This helped to strengthen the relations as the danger of war was
stopped.
- In 1972, Simla Accord was signed between India and Pakistan which resulted in
return of 90000 prisoner to Pakistan and it was decided that Pakistan will further
not raise the issue of Kashmir in UN. This helped to improve the relations as
problem of the captives were resolved and peace was maintained.
- In 1980’s, Pakistan was busy focusing on Afghan Miracle while India was
suppressing Sikh revolts this caused less interaction between the both countries
and because of that situation was stable and relations were strengthening.
- In 1999, A treaty of nuclear race was signed between Pakistan and India. It
stated the both countries will not use their nuclear power accidentally or in an
unauthorized way. This improved relations as it was a step to reduce the military
tension between the two countries.

Failures
- In 1948, As Ferozpur was under the Indian boundary and it was containing head
works of the river coming towards Pakistan. So India stopped the water supply of
Pakistan and it caused a loss to Pakistan as it is a country which is mainly
dependent on Pakistan and it caused difficulties in Pakistan to prosper and
weakened the relation of Pakistan with India.
- In 1965, War was started between India and Pakistan on the Issue of Kashmir.
This was started by send armed guerrillas in Indian occupied Kashmir. Later on,
Pakistan army also attacked and was retaliated by Indian army this war weakened
the relation with India.
- In 1971, When Civil war was started in East Pakistan and East Pakistan declared
its independence. So, India took it as an opportunity against its rival. India
attacked on East Pakistan and led to failure of Pakistan army and took large
amount of Pakistan soldiers as captives this led to worsen the relations between
Pakistan and India.
- In 1974, A Nuclear Race was started as India had carried testing of their nuclear
weapons so Pakistan also started development programs of nuclear weapons, this
further weakened the relations as both countries were becoming nuclear power
and were now preparing themselves for war.
- In the early 1980’s the Indians faced uprisings by the Sikh community in the
Punjab who were demanding a separate homeland. India accused Pakistan of
providing arms and training for the Sikh insurgents. In 1984 Indra Gandhi was
assassinated, her son Rajiv Gandhi openly accused Pakistan of having a role in the
Sikh separatist movement and indirectly in assassination of Indra Gandhi. These
wrong accusations further decreased the relation between the two countries.
- In 1981, Pakistan was worried that India may try to take possession of Siachen
as there had been no proper border. To prevent this Pakistan sent troops to
Siachen and to their surprise there were already 300 troops so Pakistan troops
also settled there. This further weakened the relations as India was trying to
occupy the further area of Kashmir.
- In April 1999, Muslim Kashmiri guerrillas crossed the line of control and captured
area of Kargil and Drass. In May India launched counter attack and 250000 shells
and rockets were fired and two aircraft of India crossed Pakistan air space. This
war worsen the relations of Pakistan and India.