Castings Forgings

ASME-Yl4.
8M
ADOPTION NOTICE
ASME-Y14.8Mt l'Castings and Forgings", was adopted on 22-DEC-89
for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by
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Custodians: Adopting Activities:

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1
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S T D - A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L Lq7b 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578538 78T i
ADOPTION NOTICE 1
22 December 1989 for
ASME Y14.8M-1989
18 September 1989
ADOPTION NOTICE
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Document ASME Y14.8M-1989 was adopted on 22December
-
1989 and is approved for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Copies of this document are stocked at
the Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120 for issue to DoD
activities only. Other Government activities, contractors, private concerns, or other requestors must obtain the
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document from:
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

United Engineering Center
345 East 47th Street
New York, NY 10017
or
The American National Standards Institute
1430 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10018
TITLE OF DOCUMENT: Castings and Forgings

DATE OF SPECIFIC ISSUE ADOPTED: 15 September 1989
RELEASING INDUSTRY GROUP: The American Socieîy of Mechanical Engineers
NOTICE: When reaffirmation, amendment, revision or cancellation of this standard is initially proposed, the
industry group responsible for ,this standard shall inform the military coordinating activity of the proposed
change and request participation.
Custodians: Military Coordinating Activity:

Army - AR Army - AR
Navy - OS
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Review Activities: User Activities:

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AREA DRPR
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
at 303-397-2295.
STD.ASNË YLq.8H-ENGL 199b m 0759b70 0578539 b L b m
The American Society of

Mechanical Engineers
A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
CASTINGS
AND FOR[;IMGS
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ASME Y 14.8M-1996
(RtViSiOIl Of ASME Y 14.8M-1989)
at 303-397-2295.
STD. ASME YL4.8M-ENGL L77b M - - 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578540 338
Date of Issuance: December 30, 1996
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of
a new edition. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the
requirements of this Standard issued to this edition.
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345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017
Copyright O 1996 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed i n U.S.A.
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STD-ASME YL4-8M-ENGL 199b 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0578543 274
FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not part of ASME Y14.8M-1996.)
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This revision of ASME Y 14.8M-I989 includes changes to both the text and Figures to
better illustrate drafting practices pertaining to casting/forging drawings. In addition, Figures
were added to illustrate the definitions of terms used in the Standard.
This Standard does not intend to suggest that the types of casting and forgings presented
herein are more important than those not presented, nor does it presume to restrict drawing
content to only that which appears herein. Drawings must convey design intent and be
complete enough that a designed part can be produced from them.
This Standard has been produced in a manner that is independent of the system of
measurement to be used.
Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will he welcome. They should be sent to
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Secretary, Y 14 Main Committee, 345 East
47th Street, New York, NY 10017.
This revision was approved as an American National Standard on March 8, 1996.
...
III
at 303-397-2295.
ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE Y14
Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation
Practices
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
F. Bakos, Jr., Chair
A. R. Anderson, Vice Chair
C. J. Gomez, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
A. R. Anderson, Dimensional Control Systems
F. Bakos, Jr., Eastman Kodak Co.
D. E. Bowerman, Copeland Corporation
J. V. Burleigh, The Boeing Company
R. A. Chadderdon, Southwest Consultants
M. E. Curtis, Jr., Rexnord Corporation
R. W. Debolt, Motorola, Government & Systems Technology Group
L. W. Foster, L.W. Foster Associates, Inc.
C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
D. Hagler, E-Systems, Inc., Garland Division
C. G. Lance, Santa Cruz Technology Center
P. E. McKim, Caterpillar Inc.
C. D. Merkley, IBM Corporation
E. Niemiec, Westinghouse Electric Corporation
R.J. Polizz
D. L. Ragon, Deere & Company, John Deere Dubuque Works
R. P. Tremblay, U.S. Department of the Army, ARDEC
G. H. Whitmire, TECíTREND
K. E. Weigandt, Sandia National Laboratory
P. Wreede, E-Systems, Inc.
SUBCOMMITTEE 8 - CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

R. A. Chadderdon, Chair, Southwest Consultants
D. E. Day, Vice Chair, Monroe Community College
C. J.Husum, Secretary, The Boeing Company
T. D. Benoit, Pratt &Whitney
R. E. Coombes, Caterpillar, Inc.
D. R. Gneiding, Parker Bertea Aerospace
E. Heimbach, Cercast Inc.
O. H. Honsinger, Benet Laboratory, Watervliet Arsenal
D. E. Jakstis, The Boeing Company
J. Kaminski, Woodward Governor Co.
A. A. Orris, Precision Products Inc.
H. A. Pearl, The Boeing Company
S.D. Pruss, General Motors Powerirain Group, Technical Resource Center
W. T. Richards, ALCOA Forged Products
J. A. Rivers, Product Technologies Inc.
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S T D - A S M E Y L 4 - 8 M - E N G L L77b m 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578543 047
CONTENTS
...
Foreword ............................................................................ 111
Standards Commit tee Roster ........................................................... V
1 Scope. Definitions. and Terms ...........................................

1.1 General .............................................................
I .2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Definitions ..........................................................
2 Drawing Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Drawings Containing Separate Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Drawings Containing Combined Views ...............................
2.4 End Item Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Drawing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3 As-Cast/As-Forged Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Comer Radii . ............................................ 7
3.5 Die Closure Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.6 Draft Angle . . .............................................. 7
3.7 Fillet Radii .................... .................................. 7
3.8 Flash Extension ..................................................... 7
3.9 Forging Plane ....................................................... 7
3.10 Form Tolerances .................................................... 7
3.1 I Marking .................................... ................. 7
3.12 Match Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.13 Mismatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.14 Parting Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 . I5 Sharp Comers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.16 Grain Direction . . . . . . . . . ........................................ 12
3.17 Special Requirements ................................................ 12
3 .I8 Profile Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4 Datum Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.1 General ............................................................. 23
4.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.3 Datum Targets ................................ ................... 23
4.4 Machining Datum Reference Frame .................................. 23
4.5 Tooling Centers and Tooling Holes . . . . . . . . . . ..................... 23
4.6 Equalizing Datums .................................................. 23
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5 Drawing Notes .......................................................... 37
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.2 Drawing Note items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Figures
1-1 Fillet and Comer Radii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2- 1 Separate Views Drawing ................................................... 4
2-2 Combined Views Drawing .................................................. 5
2-3 End Item Drawing ......................................................... 6
3- I (a) Die Closure Not Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 8
3- 1(b) Die Closure Specified and Parting Line I icated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3- l(c) Die Closure Specified and Parting Line Not Indicated ....................... IO
3-2 Draft Construction ......................................................... 11
3-3(a) Datum Plane and Forging Plane Parallel . . ............................... 12
3-3(b) Defined Forging Plane Not Parallel to Datum Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3-4(a) Flash Extension .............................. ...................... 13
3-4(b) Flash Extension and Mismatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-5 Surface Straightness Control illustrating Effect of Form Control
Exemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3-6 Flatness Control Illustrating Effect of Form Control Exemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3-7 Match Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3-8 Mismatch Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 17
3-9 Parting Line Locations ..................................................... 18
3-10
. .
Grain Direction Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3-1 1 Special Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3-12 Profile Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4- I Datum Targets Establishing a Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4-2 Datum Targets Within Same Die Segment .................................. 25
4-3 Datum Targets Located Opposite Machined Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4-4 Datum Target Location - Optimum Spacing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4-5 Optimum Spacing of Datum Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4-6 Datum Targets Offset From the Datum Plane ............................... 28
4-7 Effect of Draft and Parting Line on Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 29
4-8 Placement of Repetitive Dimensions Affected by Draft . . . ............ 30
4-9 Machined Datum Features Located From CastForged Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4-10 Tooling Centers Establishing an Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4-1 I Tooling Centers Establishing Center Planes .................................. 33
4-12 Movable Datum Targets Establishing a Datum Center Plane . . . . . . . . . . 34
4-13 Movable Datum Targets Establishing Two Datum Center Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4-14 Equalized Datums Established by Fixed Datum Targets ...................... 36
4- IS(@ Movable Datum Target Symbol Application ................................. 36
4-15(b) Movable Datum Target Symbol Form and Proportion ........................ 36
Appendices
A Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
AI ................................................................ 39
A2 Casting Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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A3 Forging Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
B Sample Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
B1 General . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... 43
B2 Sample Casting Note .................................................... 43
B3 Sample Forging Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
...
VI11
at 303-397-2295.
C Profile Tolerance System for Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Casting/Forging Drawings . ........................................ 45
CI General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................ 45
c2 Profile Tolerance System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 45
C3 Figures .................... ........................................ 45
c4 Drafting Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
c5 Application to a Combined View (CastingíForging and Machining
Requirements) Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
D Sample Drawing ........................................... ..... 55
Figures
c-1 Origin of Draft and Parting Line . . . . . ....................... 48
c-2 Machine Allowance . Surface Without Draft ............................... 49
c-3 Machine Allowance . Surface With Draft ............................... 49
e-4 Machine Allowance - Portion of Surface h Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
c-5 Machine Allowance - Chamfered Comer ............................... 51
C-6 Machine Allowance - Fillet . . , .................................. 52
c-7 Combined View (Casting and Machining Requirements) Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
D- I Precision Forging Drawing Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
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ix
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ASME Y14.8M-1996
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ENGINEERING DRAWING AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION PRACTICES
CASTINGS AND FORGINGS
1
Scope, Definitions, and Terms
1.1 General 1.2 References

This Standard covers definitions of terms and features Where the following American National Standard
unique to casting and forging technologies with recom- referred to in this Standard is superseded by a revision
mendations for their uniform description and inclusion approved by the American National Standards Institute,
on engineering drawings and related documents. Unless the revision shall apply.
otherwise specified, any reference to features, parts or
ASME Y l 4 . M 1994, Dimensioning and Tolerancing.
processes shall be interpreted as applying to both cast-
ings and forgings. Castings and forgings are delineated
as casting/forging throughout the Standard. 1.3 Definitions
The following terms are defined as their use applies
1.1.1 Units. The International System of Units (SI)
in this Standard. Other commonly used casting/forging
is used in this Standard because SI units are expected
terms are defined in Appendix A.
to supersede United States (U.S.) customary units.
Customary units could equally well be used without corner radius (edge radiusJ: the convex radius on
prejudice to the principles established. the surface of a part connecting intersecting surfaces
(see Fig. 1-1)
1 .I.2 Reference to This Standard. Where draw-
ings are based on this Standard, this fact shall be noted die closure: allowable part thickness variation caused
o n the drawings or in a document referenced on the by inconsistent mating of opposing segments of a mold
drawings. References to this Standard shall state “ASME or die (see Fig. 3-1)
Y 14.8M-1996.”
draft: the taper (angle) applied to selected surfaces
to aid in the removal of a part from a die or a pattern
1.1.3 Figures. The Figures in this Standard are
from a mold (see Fig. 3-2)
intended only as illustrations to aid the user in undcr-
standing the principles and methods of drawing de- dress out: a localized depression on. the surface of a
scribed in the text. The absence of a Figure illustrating forging that results when abrasive tools are used to
the desired application is neither reason to assume remove surface discontinuities
inapplicability nor basis for drawing rejection. In some
instances, Figures show added detail for emphasis; fillet radius: the concave radius on the surface of a
in other instances, Figures are incomplete by intent. part connecting intersecting surfaces (see Fig. I- i )
Numerical values of dimensions and tolerances are push: excess material which results from leakage be-
illustrative only. tween mating surfaces of a mold or die (see Fig. 3-4)
1.1.4 Notes. Notcs hercin in capital letters are Jatnes: a condition of a surface having all elements
intended to appear on drawings. Notes in lower case in one plane (refer to ASME Y14.5M)
are explanatory only and are not intended to appear
f i q i n g plane: a plane perpendicular to the forging
on drawings.
direction. It normally coincides with the principal mating
faces of a set of dies (sce Fig. 3-3)
1.1.5 Dimensioning and Tolerancing. The
methods of dimensioning and tolerancing shall be in gate: a channel in a mold through which molten
accordance with ASME Y14.5M and this Standard. material flows into the mold cavity
I
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STD.ASME YLq.AM-ENGL 199b 0759b70 05785q7 792 m
ASME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS
draft allowance would result in an offset of the surfaces

at the parting line (see Fig. 3-7)
C o r n e r (edge) radius mismatch: the offset of features on a part caused by
l i \ misalignment of opposing segments of a mold or die
(see Fig. 3-8)
' Corner
(edge)
mold line: a line generated by the theoretical intersec-
tion of projected surfaces (see Fig. 3-2)
movable targets: two or more targets with a controlled

radius simultaneous motion used for centering parts (see Para.
4.6, Figs. 4-4, 4-12, and 4-13)
parting line
Fillet radius ( a ) the separation between the mold or die segments.
Flash, fins, or material seepage is usually produced on
the part periphery where the parting line emerges.
(b) a line on the drawing representing the mated
surfaces of the die or mold segments (see Fig. 3-9)
FIG. 1-1 FILLET AND CORNER RADII scale pit: a surface depression formed on a forging
during the forging operation, due to scale in the dies
riser: a reservoir of molten metal connected to the

grain direction: the predominant orientation of the
casting to provide additional metal to the casting during
fibrous crystalline structural units of wrought metals
solidification
(see Fig. 3-10)
match drap: additional draft allowance permitted on straightness: a condition where an element of a surface
matching surfaces at parting lines when the normal or an axis is a straight line (refer to ASME Y14.5M)
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CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y 14.8M-1996
2
Drawing Presentation
2.1 General
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This Section establishes methods of preparing casting/

forging drawings.
2.2 Drawings Containing Separate Views

The casting/forging requirements and the machining
requireinents are shown in separate views or on separate
drawings. Phantom lines may be used on the casting/
forging views to show the outline of the part configura-
tion after machining (see Fig. 2-1).
2.3 Drawings Containing Combined Views

Both the casting/forging requirements and the machin-
ing requirements are shown in superimposed views.
Phantom lines may be used to show the casting/forging
outline (see Fig. 2-2). Notes and tolerances relative to
casting/forging shall be distinguished from those relative
to machining. Due to the possibility of conflicting
casting/forging and machining requirements, combined
view drawings should be used with caution.
2.4 End Item Drawings

An end item drawing defines either an individual
part or assembly in its final or completed state. Surfaces
may be cast/forged or machined to meet drawing re-
quirements. Notes relative to machining shall be listed
separately (see Fig. 2-3).
at 303-397-2295.
L
2x 50.8+
(b) Machlnlng Requirements -

12.2
FIG. 2-1 SEPARATE VIEWS DRAWING
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E YLq.BM-EN¿L Lïïb 0759b70 0578550 Z 8 j
CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.8M-1996
P
“\-ti P 2X 17.8
i7.8
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
76.2 61
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:
LINEAR TOLERANCE i z O . 8
123
FIG. 2-2 COMBINED VIEWS DRAWING
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E Y L 9 - B M - E N G L 3 7 7 b m 0Fii7b70 0578553 333 m
- - 22.9
1
i7.8
i-,-- -18.5
> -
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
7!'2 6d.6
y -
, \
i - -
-C 4-6
12.2
FIG. 2-3 END ITEM DRAWING
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E YL4*8fl-ENGL L79b H 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 5 2 0 5 T
3
Drawing Requirements
3.1 General 3.7 Fillet Radii

This Section establishes items unique to castings/ Fillet radii size and tolerance shall be specified on
forgings not defined by other standards that should be the drawing.
defined on the drawing.
3.8 Flash Extension

3.2 Dimensions
The limits of permissible flash extension shall be
Dimensions are to the mold lines of features unless specified on the drawing. Flash extension may exceed
otherwise specified (see Fig. 3-2). perfect form boundary at MMC unless otherwise speci-
fied [see Figs. 3-4(a) and (b)].
3.3 As-CastIAs-Forged Surfaces

3.9 Forging Plane
Drawings shall specify whether machining as-casti
as-forged surfaces is permitted or prohibited (other than The forging plane shall be indicated as an extension
for removing gates, risers, Bash, etc.). Where machining line on the forging drawing (see Fig. 3-3). The orienta-
is permitted, the surface texture value shall be specified. tion of the forging plane shall be defined if it is not
Where a surface may retain gates, riser stubs, etc., a parallel to a datum plane [see Fig. 3-3(b)].
specified limit beyond the dimensional tolerance shall
be defined. Gates, riser stubs, flash, etc., may exceed
perfect form boundary at maximum material condition 3.10 Form Tolerances
(MMC) unless otherwise specified. Form tolerances, such as flatness, straightness and
profile shall be specified where applicable. Unless noted
otherwise, the perfect form boundary at MMC estab-
3.4 Corner Radii lished by dimensional limits shall not be exceeded by the
Comer radii size and tolerance shall be specified on addition of form tolerances. The perfect form boundary
the drawing. exemption may be used as necessary to permit form
tolerances to exceed the size tolerance (see Fig. 3-5
or Fig. 3-6).
3.5 Die Closure Tolerance
Die closure tolerance is applied to the appropriate 3.11 Marking
dimensions [see Figs. 3-l(a), (b), and (c)].
Casting/forging drawings shall define applicable iden-
tification information such as:
( a ) type of marking (raised, depressed, rubber
3.6 Draft Angle
stamp, etc.);
Draft angle and tolerance shall be specified. Draft location of marking;
angle shall be accounted for in determining datum casting/forging part number;
targets and datum positions (see para. 4.3.2). Draft may material identification;
be shown for drawing clarity (see Figs. 3-2 and 4-6). heat/lot/melt number, date code;
Draft angle is related to the forging plane, not the serial number;
datum plane (see Figs. 3-3(a) and (b)]. Draft may foundry or forging manufacturer identification;
exceed perfect form boundary at MMC unless otherwise equipment identification (pattern, die number,
specified.
7
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
~
STD-ASME Y L q - B M - E N G L 277b 0757b70 0578553 T7b
THIS ON THE DRAWING MEANS THIS
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE: f 0.8 EXCEPT AS NOTED
Datum plane AL
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: Die closure tolerance is included

i n dimensions shown
DIE CLOSURE NOT SPECIFIED

FIG.3-l(a)
8
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
I THIS ON M E DRAWING MEANS THIS
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE f0.8 f3CEPT AS NOTED

DIE CLOSURE TOLERANCE:
L
33 152
PARTING UNE
-
t
28 f
I
Ir Datum plane A l
U

DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO DATUM A (PRIMARY),
DATUM B (SECONDARY), AND DATUM C (TERTIARY) Die closure tolerance applies to
1 .: dimensions that cross the parting line.
3.!
FIG. 3-l(b) DIE CLOSURE SPECIFIED AND PARTING LINE INDICATED
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E Y L q * B M - E N G L L99b 0759670 0578555 8b9
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE: f 0.8 EXCEPT AS NOTED

DIE CLOSURE TOLERANCE: T:
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
35.3 154.3
31.7 150.7
i Parting line -7 '>
\
D a t u m plane A A
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: Die closure tolerance applies to

flagged dimensions
FIG. 3-I(c)DIE CLOSURE SPECIFIED AND PARTING LINE NOT INDICATED
10
at 303-397-2295.
-ti-----
II j 1 ?$Draft Angle
w
'i
Mold
Line
1.5
Parting Line 3.6
FIG. 3-2 DRAFT CONSTRUCTION
II
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E YLLi %l-ENGL L77b 0757b7O 0578557 b 3 C I
ACME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS
3.12 Match Draft

Match draft shall be specified where applicable (see
Fig. 3-7).
3.13 Mismatch
Mismatch, where applicable, shall be specified as a
maximum value. Mismatch may exceed perfect form
PARTING LINE boundary at MMC, unless otherwise noted (see Fig.
FORGING PLANE
P 3-8).
3.14 Parting Lines

FORGING PLANE Forging parting lines should be shown on the drawing
and depicted as a phantom line extending beyond the
part in applicable views. Parting lines, where shown,
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
'- PARTING LINE shall be identified (see Fig. 3-3 and Fig. 3-9). Parting
lines are generally not shown on casting drawings.
FIG. 3-3(aI DATUM PLANE AND FORGING 3.15 Sharp Corners

PLANE PARALLEL Casting/forging drawings shall specify the require-
ments of comers shown sharp.
3.16 Grain Direction

Where a grain direction requirement is specified on
the drawing, it shall be shown in the appropriate view
(see Fig. 3-10).
3.17 Special Requirements

Areas of a casting/forging may be defined as special
requirement areas. A labeled chain line and appropriate
notes designate the area's location and special require-
ment such as high stress, close flash trim, radiographic
grade, etc. (see Fig. 3-1 i ) .
3.18 Profile Tolerances

iFORGING
PARTING LINE
MATCH DRAFT i
c1-s
PLANE
FORGING PI ANF 2 1 1
The profile tolerance system uses datum reference
frames, basic dimensions, and geometric profile of a
surface tolerance to define and control cadforged sur-
FIG. 3-3(b) DEFINED FORGING PLANE NOT faces. The use of profile of a surface tolerance requires
PARALLEL TO DATUM PLANE that the profile tolerance value for each surface be
determined by including tolerances associated with cast/
forged processes. Where it is desirable to account for
specific variations such as die closure, mismatch, size,
and form on the field of the drawing, a combination
of toleranced and basic dimensions utilizing profile
tolerancing may be used (see Fig. 3-12).
12
at 303-397-2295.
STD-ASME YL4.8M-ENGL~Lïïb 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 5 8 578 = ~
CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ACME Y14.8M-1996
1 THIS ON THE DRAWING THIS ON THE DRAWING
PARTING
LINE
FUSH EXTENSION: 2 MAX

FLASH EXTENSION: 3 MAX MISMATCH: 5 MAX
MEANS THIS MEANS THIS
4 +Flash
extension
PARTING
LINE
y Flash
extension
FIG. 3-4(a) FLASH EXTENSION FIG. 3-4(b) FLASH EXTENSION AND MISMATCH
13
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
STD.ASME YLLI B M - E N G L L77b i0757b70 0578557 qOq M
/ /"
I I
t 7.0
- PERFECT FORM
6 . 2 AT MMC NOT REQD
THIS ON THE DRAWING 13.1 O
MEANS THIS
- 2.5 Allowed
__-----
1
--
t
_ / -
0.8
6.2-7.0 Size Tolerance Straightness
Size tolerance deviation
FIG. 3-5 SURFACE STRAIGHTNESS CONTROL ILLUSTRATING EFFECT OF FORM

CONTROL EXEMPTION
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
14
at 303-397-2295.
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
L
7.0-6.2 PERFECT FORM
AT MMC NOT REQD
THIS ON THE DRAWING 13.1c

MEANS THIS
- 2.5 Allowed
flatness
deviation
9.5 Outer
boundary
_---_ - - - - _
t
6.2-7.0 Size Tolerance
Size tolerance
FIG. 3-6 FLATNESS CONTROL ILLUSTRATING EFFECT OF FORM CONTROL EXEMPTION
at 303-397-2295.
THIS ON THE DRAWING MAY MEAN EITHER OF THESE
it14T” t T
ul
l4 141
PARTING PARTING
/
LINE LINE
-- - -- - -- -
PARTING LINE
DRAFT ANGLE: 3’
MATCH DRAFT AS
REQUIRED
14 ic -113.
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 3-7 MATCH DRAFT
at 303-397-2295.
CASTINGS ANO FORGINGS ASME Y14.8M-1996
S ON THE DRAWING
LINE
1 I
ESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:
:NSIONAL TOLERANCE f 2
&TCH: 3 MAX
IEANS THIS
Mlsrnatch Is additive
to dlmensional limlts
FIG. 3-8 MISMATCH TOLERANCE
17
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
ACME Y14.8M-I996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS
MAY MEAN ANY OF THESE
Poi t Parting line

P80i
M
PARTING LINE
LOCATION OPTIONAL
Parting line
W" I I M
L 4 Parting
line
Dimensions and tolerances exclude draft. Draft adds mass.
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 3-9 PARTING LINE LOCATIONS
at 303-397-2295.
' GRAIN DIRECTION
FIG. 3-10 GRAIN DIRECTION SPECIFIED
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
19
at 303-397-2295.
Note t h e special r e q u i r e m e n t s
I
Note the special requirements-/

m
FIG. 3-11 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
20
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E Y L Y n ô M - E N G L L 7 7 b m 0757b70 0 5 7 8 5 b b b4Y m
I CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.8M-1996

--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
THIS SIDE OF PARTING LINE
THIS SIDE OF PARTING LINE
U L SS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:
UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE BASIC
DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO DATUM A (PRIMARY),
DATUM B (SECONDARY), AND DATUM C (TERTIARY)
FIG. 3-12 PROFILE TOLERANCING
21
at 303-397-2295.
STDmASME Y L i - B M - E N G L L77b = 0757L70 05785b7 580 =
4
Datum Referencing
4.1 General 4.3.2 Effect of Draft and Parting Lines. The

relationship of features of a part to datums established
This Section establishes the principle of datum refer-
by targets can be affected by draft and parting lines
encing as applied to castings/forgings. It contains the
(see Fig. 4-7).
criteria for selecting and designating features of a casu
forged part to establish the datum reference frame and 4.3.3 Placement of Repetitive Dimensions.
transition to the tinished part. Repetitive dimensions should not originate from datum
planes established by datum targets which are affected
by draft unless the effect of draft is shown on the
4.2 Application drawing (see Fig. 4-8).
Casuforged features should be dimensioned from a

single datum reference frame of three mutually perpen- 4.4 Machining Datum Reference Frame
dicular planes established by datum targets or datum
features (see Fig. 4-1). A machining datum reference frame should be estab-
lished from a castlforged datum reference frame for
subsequent machining (see Fig. 4-9).
4.3 Datum Targets
Because of casvforged irregular surfaces, the datum 4.5 Tooling Centers and Tooling Holes
reference frame should be established by datum targets
A datum axis (see Figs. 4-10 and 4-1 I ) may be
which are designated points, lines, or areas defined on
established by tooling centers or tooling holes and the
the casting/forging drawing (see Fig. 4-5). Some parts
centers or holes on the part are designated as datum
may not be suitable for the datum target dimensioning
features.
system due to size or configuration.
4.3.1 Datum Target Location. Datum targets
should be located as follows: 4.6 Equalizing Datums
( u ) on features produced by one segment of a die Where it is desirable to center a casting/forging, the
or pattern (see Fig. 4-2) except in the case of equalizing application of equalizing datums should be considered.
datum targets (see Fig. 4-4); The associated datum plane or axis may be identified
( b ) on features opposite machining cuts which estab- by note. Figure 4-12 illustrates the application of an
lish subsequent machining reference frame (see Fig. equalizing datum established by two fixed datum targets,
4-3); YI and Y2, and two movable targets, X I and X2.
Ir.) on features not subject to processing variables, Figure 4- i 3 illustrates the establishment of two equal-
such as parting lines, flash extensions, etc.; ized datums resulting from datum Y targets being
( d ) on features not subsequently altered or removed; movable. Figure 4- 14 illustrates the establishment of
( e ) with optimum spacing considering function and two equalized datums resulting from six fixed datum
producibility (see Fig. 4-5); targets.
(fJ on their respective datum planes except where
they establish: 4.6.1 Movable Targets. The readability of a draw-
( I ) an axis; ing may be improved by indicating movable datum
(2) a center plane (see Fig. 4-4); targets. Figures 4-15(a) and (b) illustrate the movable
(SJ a plane where arca or location requires one target symbol. Figures 4-4, 4-12, and 4-13 illustrate
or more targets offset from the datum features (see applications of the movable datum target symbol. Where
Fig. 4-6). movable targets are used, RFS applies.
23
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
STD.ASME Y14.8M-ENGL 197b 0759b70 O 5 j ô 5 b ô 4 1 7
ACME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
MEANS THIS
FIG. 4-1 DATUM TARGETS ESTABLISHING A DATUM REFERENCE FRAME
24
at 303-397-2295.
~
S T D - A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L L ï 7 b IU 7 5 7 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 b 7 353
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3-J-
2x 2
2x
14.3.1
FIG. 4-2 DATUM TARGETS WITHIN SAME DIE

SEGMENT
FIG. 4-3 DATUM TARGETS LOCATED OPPOSITE

MACHINED SURFACES
25
at 303-397-2295.
THIS ON THE DRAWING
,--DATUM CENTER PLANE W
'-DATUM CENTER PLANE x

DIMENSIONS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
I%
MEANS THIS
-Datum axis Y- 2
Equalized center plane X
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 4-4 DATUM TARGET LOCATION - OPTIMUM SPACING CONSIDERATIONS
26
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L L77b O757b70 0 5 7 8 5 7 3 T O 3 =
DATUM CENTER PLANE B

--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.3
4.3.1
FIG. 4-5 OPTIMUM SPACING OF DATUM TARGETS
27
at 303-397-2295.
~ _ _ _ _ _ _
S T D - A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L 199b i0757b70 0578572 9 4 8
14.3.1
FIG. 4-6 DATUM TARGETS OFFSET FROM THE DATUM PLANE
28
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
-
S T D ASME Y 1 4 BM-ENGL L 7 7 b W 0757b70 0 5 f B 5 7 3 A B 4 -W
I THIS ON THE DRAWING MAY MEAN EITHER OF THESE
PARTING
-LINE
1
m
7- *Offset due to d r a f t is the
some i n each tooling segment
*Offset due to d r a f t is the
same i n each tooling segment
13
\ 7Point contact a t BASIC location
DRAFT ANGLE: T MAX

PARTING LINE OPTIONAL
LOCA
PIN
I 14.3.2
POINT CONTACT ON
DRAFTED SURFACE
FIG. 4-7 EFFECT OF DRAFT AND PARTING LINE ON DATUMS
29
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
I INCORRECT CORRECT
I I u 4 t 9x3
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A
L
I P
A-A A-A
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:
DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO DIMENSIONS ARE RELATED TO
DATUM B (SECONDARY), DATUM A PRIMARY), DATUM B (SECONDARY),
DATUM c !TERTIARY)
DRAFT ANGLES Z MAX DRAFT ANGLES T MAX
ALL DIMENSIONS TAKEN TO ALL DIMENSIONS TAKEN TO
POINT OF INTERSECTION POINT OF INTERSECTION
14.3.3
FIG. 4-8 PLACEMENT OF REPETITIVE DIMENSIONS AFFECTED BY DRAFT
30
at 303-397-2295.
E--
t
D-
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE BASIC
THIS ON THE DRAWING
I MEANS THIS
Simulated datum
datum A
datum C
FIG. 4-9 MACHINED DATUM FEATURES LOCATED FROM CAST/FORGED DATUMS
31
at 303-397-2295.
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 4-10 TOOLING CENTERS ESTABLISHING AN AXIS
32
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E Y L q * B M - E N G L L77b 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 7 7 Li2T
THIS ON THE DRAWING

1 0 1 0.8 IA-BICI
p3
MEANS THIS
Datum axis A-0
FIG. 4-11 TOOLING CENTERS ESTABLISHING CENTER PLANES
33
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
y M T W CENTER PLAIE X

U"cEû DIMENSIONS ARE BASIC
THIS ON THE DRAWING
MEANS THIS Second datum plane
First Third datum plane
FIG. 4-12 MOVABLE DATUM TARGETS ESTABLISHING A DATUM CENTER PLANE
34
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L L99b 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0578577 2 T 2

--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
U N E S OTHERWICE SPECIFIOD:
THIS ON THE DRAWING UEITWRANCED DIMENSIONS ARE BASH:
MEANS THIS Equalized center planes

A
Datum piane ZJ’ u
FIG. 4-13 MOVABLE DATUM TARGETS ESTABLISHING TWO DATUM CENTER PLANES
35
at 303-397-2295.
Third doturn plane
First d a t u m plone
Second doturn center plone
FIG. 4-14 EQUALIZED DATUMS ESTABLISHED BY FIXED DATUM TARGETS
Any visible length
T
d 3 . 5 h
h=LETTER HEIGHT 4.6.1
FIG.4-151a) MOVABLE DATUM TARGET FIG. 4-15(b) MOVABLE DATUM TARGET

SYMBOL APPLICATION SYMBOL FORM AND PROPORTION
36
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
5
Drawing Notes
5.1 General (14) cast/forged coupon location

This Section lists items to be considered for notations (f, surface texture requirements
on all casting/forging drawings. (g) cleaning requirements
(h) surface protrusion removal requirements such as:
( I ) fins
5.2 Drawing Note Items (2) flash
Drawing notes should include the following as appli- (3) gates
cable: ( 4 ) risers
( a ) drafting standard reference (5) knockout bosses
(b) estimated andíor actual part weight (6) vents, bosses
(c) material and process specifications such as: ( i ) allowances for scale pit dressouts
( I ) chemical composition (j) general feature notes such as:
(2) material tempedcondition (1) wall thickness
(3) thermal processing (2) comer radii
( 4 ) other specifications as applicable (3) Fillet radii
( 5 ) classiîìcation/grade ( 4 ) requirements of surface intersections shown as
( d ) mechanical and physical properties sharp comers
(e) destructive/nondestructive testing:
(5) draft allowances
( I ) radiographic examination
(6) tolerances
( 2 ) pressure testing
(3) leak testing
(7) die closure allowance
( 4 ) ultrasonic inspection ( k ) marking requirements
(5) magnetic particle inspection ( I ) in-process weld requirements
(6) penetrant inspection (m)surface treatment requirements
(7) hardness testing (n) grain direction requirements
(8) grain flow examination (o) packaging requirements
(9) metallographic examination ( p ) permissible machining areas
(IO) overheating inspection (y) permissible chemical milling areas
( I I ) decarburization inspection ( r ) impregnation requirements
(12) alpha case inspection (s) preproduction approval requirements
( 1 3 ) separately castlforged coupon testing ( t ) special dimensional inspection requirements
37
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
S T D m A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L L77b 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578582 877
APPENDIX A
GLOSSARY
(This Appendix is not a part of ACME Y14.8M-1996 and is included for information purposes only.)
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A I GENERAL die casring: a casting process where molten metal is

forced under pressure into the cavity of a metal mold
This Appendix explains the meaning of some com-
monly used casting/forging terms. drap: the taper (angle) applied to selected surfaces
to aid in part removal from the mold. Draft normally
adds mass.
A2 CASTING TERMS drag: the bottom section of a flask, mold, or pattern
blind riser: a riser which does not extend through ejector: a device which is mounted in such a way
the top of the mold that it assists in removing a cast part from a die
book mold: a split mold hinged like a book ejector pin: a device used to push a cast part out of
boss: a short protrusion from a surface of a casting the die
often cylindrically shaped and generally used as an
j a s h : the tin of metal which results from leakage
attachment location to other parts or structure
between the mating die or mold surfaces
casting
,fiask: a metal or wooden frame used for making and
( a ) an object at or near finished shape obtained by
holding a sand mold
solidification of a substance in a mold
( b ) pouring molten metal into a mold to produce gute: the portion of the runner in a mold through
an object of desired shape which molten metal enters the mold cavity
centrjfugal curing: a casting made by pouring metal hot chamber machine: a die casting machine in which
into a mold that is rotating or revolved the metal chamber under pressure is immersed in the
molten metal in a furnace
cheek: the intermediate section of a flask that is used
between the cope and drag when molding a shape hot isostatic pressing: a method by which a workpiece
requiring more than one parting plane is processed under simultaneous application of high
gas pressure and high temperature to reduce nonsurface-
chill; a metal insert imbedded in the surface of a
connected internal casting voids (also used for the
mold to increase the cooling rate at that point
densification of powder metal parts)
cold chamber muchine: a die casting machine where
investment (lost wax) casting: a casting produced by
the metal chamber and plunger are not immersed in
pouring metal into a refractory material mold. Refractory
molten metal
material molds are produced using a heat disposable
cold shut: an imperfect junction between two flows pattern (usually wax).
of metal in a mold
match (mismatch): a condition i n which a feature
continuou.^ casting:a casting technique in which an produced in one mold segment is aligned with the
ingot, tube, or other shape is continuously solidiíied corresponding feature in another mold segment within
while it is being poured, so that its length is not the specified tolerance
determined by mold dimensions
match plate: a metal or wooden plate on which pat-
cope: the upper o r topmost section of a flask, mold, terns for castings are mounted to facilitate the molding
or pattern operation
core: a formed material inserted in a mold to shape mold: a form made of sand, metal, or other material
the interior or another part of a casting which cannot which contains the cavity into which the molten metal
be shaped by the pattern is poured or injected to produce a casting
39
at 303-397-2295.
~ ~ ~~ ~~
S T D ~ Ä S H Ë - Y G X - E N G L1 9 9 b M 0757b70 0578583 7 2 3
parting line: a plane on a pattern or a line on a dies: the metal blocks into which forging impressions
casting corresponding to the separation between the are machined and from which forgings are produced
mold pieces
draft: the taper (angle) applied to selected surfaces
pattern: a form of wood, metal, or other material to aid in part removal from the die. Draft normally
around which molding material is placed to make a mold adds mass.
permanent mold: a metal mold that is used repeatedly jinisher die: the final forging impression (conventional
for the production of castings or precision) which imparts the final shape to the
plasrer molding: a molding system using a mold made forgings
of gypsum-bonded aggregate in the form of a water
j a s h : necessary metal in excess of that required to
slurry poured over a pattern, hardened, and dried
completely fill the impression of the die. Flash extends
pressure casting: making castings with pressure on out from the body of the forging as a thin fin at the
the molten metal line where the dies meet and is subsequently removed
by trimming.
riser: a reservoir of molten metal connected to the
casting to provide additional metal to the casting during j a s h extension: portion of flash remaining after trim-
sol id¡ fication ming. Flash extension is measured from the intersection
runner: the portion of the metal feed system that of the draft and flash at the body of the forging to
connects the sprue with the gate the trimmed edge.
sand casiing: a casting produced by pouring metal forging: the process of plastically deforming metal
into a sand mold (normally preheated) by impact or compression into a
specific shape
straightening: a mechanical process to restore dis-
torted castings to drawing requirements
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
forging plane: the plane which includes the principal

sprue: the channel that connects the pouring basin die face and which is perpendicular to the direction
with the runner of the ram travel. When parting surfaces of the dies
are flat the forging plane coincides with the parting line.
venf marks: small protrusions on the surface of a
casting caused by metal entering the vents (air escape grain flow ('ow lines): pattern in a forging resulting
passages) in the mold from the elongation of nonhomogeneous constituents
and the grain structure of the material in the direction
weld correction: adding material by welding to restore
of working during forging; usually revealed by polishing
castings that have surface discontinuities
and etching sections of forgings
A3 FORGING TERMS impression die forging: a forging that is formed to the

required size and shape in machined three-dimensional
blocker die: die impression which imparts on the impression dies
forging an intermediate shape, preparatory to forging
of the final shape knock-out pins: a power operated plunger installed in
a die to aid in removal of the forging
boss: a short protrusion from a surface of a forging
often cylindrical shaped and generally used as an attach- lap: a surface defect appearing as a seam, caused by
ment location to other parts or structure the folding over of hot metal and the consequential
buster die: die impression used for preliminary forging forging of these into the surface
operations to position material for next operation match (mismatch): a condition in which a feature
coining: a process of applying pressure to a portion produced in one die half is aligned with the correspond-
or all of a forging surface to obtain closer tolerances ing feature in the opposite die half within specified
or smoother surfaces tolerances
conventional forging: a forging characterized by de- near net forging: a forging with small draft angles
sign complexity and tolerances which falls within the and requiring limited secondary operations such as
broad range of general forging practice machining
40
at 303-397-2295.
STD.ASME Y L 4 . 8 M - E N G L L77b = 0757b70 0578584 bbT W
precision forging: a forging with complexity and toler- trimming: the process of removing flash from a forging
ances similar to a machined part. Generally only drilling
upset forging (hot): process for enlarging or reshaping
of holes is required.
some of the cross-sectional area of a bar, tube, or other
open die f"rging: material that is worked between product form of uniform section
flat or simple contour dies
vent marks: small protrusions on the surface of a
purring line: the line along the surface of a forging forging caused by metal entering the vents (air escape
where the dies meet, or the line along the corresponding passages) in the die
edge of the die impression
wall: (see rib) a rib or bracing structure on a forged
rib: a thin wall or bracing structure on a forged part projecting in the direction perpendicular to the
part connecting other structural features and projecting forging plane and generally located along the periphery
generally in the direction perpendicular to the forg- of the part. The terms rib and wall are often used
ing plane interchangeably.
scale pif: a surface depression formed on the forging web: a thin panel or bracing structure on a forged part
due to scale remaining in the dies during the forging connecting bosses, ribs, and other structural features. It
operation is generally orientated parallel to the forging plane.
41
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE NOTES
(This Appendix is not a part of ASME Y14.8M-1996 and is included for information purposes only.)
B1 GENERAL ( h ) Local Notes

( I ) DRAFT REDUCES MASS
The purpose of this Appendix is to present notes as
(21 DRAFT WITHIN DIMENSIONAL TOL-
applicable on casting/forging drawings.
ERANCE
( 3 ) X" MAXIMUM DRAFT
( 4 ) NO DRAFT
B2 SAMPLE CASTING NOTES (5) NO EJECTOR PIN MARKS THIS SURFACE
(6) FOUNDRY IDENTIFICATION PERMISSI-
( u ) General Notes Unless Otherwise Specijed
BLE THIS SURFACE
( I ) DRAWING PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH ASME Y 14.8M-1996
(7) HARDNESS TEST HERE
(2) GATE, RISER, VENT, PARTING LINE, AND
EJECTOR PIN LOCATIONS SHALL BE APPROVED
BY PROCURING ACTIVITY BEFORE TOOL CON-
STRUCTION
( 3 ) DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES EX- B3 SAMPLE FORGING NOTES
CLUDE DRAFT. DRAFT ADDS MASS.
( u ) Geriercil Notes Unless Otherwise Specijìed
( 4 ) DRAFT ANGLES:
( I ) DRAWING PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE
VALUES INDICATED ARE FOR INSIDE WALLS.
WITH ASME Y14.8M-1996
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
DRAFT FOR OUTSIDE WALLS IS ONE-HALF

VALUE SHOWN. VALUES ARE MAXIMUM. (2) DRAFT ANGLES X" MATCH WHERE RE-
QUIRED
Depth of Wall Degrees per Side ( 3 ) CORNER RADII X.0 2 0.X
o-xx X" ( 4 ) FILLET RADII X.0 t 0.X
xx-xx X" (5) GRAIN DIRECTION SHALL CONFORM T O
xx-xx X" THE GENERAL SHAPE O F THE PART
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE t 0.X
( 5 ) DRAWING TOLERANCES INCLUDE IN- DIE CLOSURE TOLERANCE 2 0.X
DUSTRY PROCESS ALLOWANCES MISMATCH TOLERANCE t 0.X
(6) FILLET RADII XX FLASH EXTENSION TOLERANCE 0.X
(7) CORNER RADII XX UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE
( 8 ) CORNERS SHOWN SHARP T O XX MAXI-
MUM BREAK ALLOY AND TEMPER XXXX PER XXXX
(Y) WALL THICKNESS XX MATERIAL SPECIFICATION PER XXXX
( I O ) PARTING LINE EDGES, FLASH, GATES, MACHINED SURFACES PERMISSIBLE
RUNNER, A N D RISER EXTENSIONS XX WHERE SHOWN
MAXIM UM. (14) MARKING PER XXXX
( I I ) PRESSURE TEST PER XXXX T O XX kPa (15) PENETRANT INSPECT PER XXXX
MAXIMUM (16) ULTRASONIC INSPECT PER XXXX
PENETRANT INSPECT PER XXXX (17) SURFACE TEXTURE XX
RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECT PER XXXX (18) MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECT PER
SURFACE TEXTURE PER XXXX. XXXX
FILLETS SHOWN SHARP XX MAX. ( / Y ) EDGE RADII X.0 2 0.X
UNTOLERANCED DIMENSIONS ARE ( b ) Local Notes
( I ) PARTING LINE
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION (2) FORGING PLANE
33
at 303-397-2295.
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(3) PREDOMINANT GRAIN DIRECTION BIL-

LET ONLY
( 4 ) TEST SPECIMEN LOCATIONS
( 5 ) MACHINED SURFACE PERMISSIBLE
( 6 ) DRAFT NOT PERMITTED
(7) PART NUMBER, SIZE, STYLE, AND LO-
CATION
(8) VENDOR TRADE MARK, LOT NUMBER,
AND INSPECTION STAMPING LOCATIONS
44
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E YL4-AM-ENGL L 9 7 b 0759b70 0578587 377
APPENDIX C
PROFILE TOLERANCE SYSTEM FOR DIMENSIONING
AND TOLERANCING CASTING/FORGING DRAWINGS
C I GENERAL C4 DRAFTING PRACTICE

The purpose of this Appendix is to present the profile The following drafting practices are applicable to
tolerance system for dimensionhg and tolerancing cast- combined view drawings for illustrating both the casting/
ingíforging drawings. This system should assist the forging requirements and the machining requirements
design engineer, tool designer, tool maker, machinist, on a single set of views using the profile tolerancing
pattern maker, and parts inspector in obtaining uniform method.
results. Additionally, it should optimize performance ( a ) Draw the shape of the finished part without
of automated machining and inspection centers. consideration of draft or parting. Dimension the shape
using basic dimensions and geometric profile of a
surface tolerances.
C2 PROFILE TOLERANCE SYSTEM (6) Show draft pictorially only on cadforged sur-
faces that remain o n the finished part when external
The profile tolerance system uses datum reference
frames, basic dimensions, geometric profile of a surface draft exceeds 2 deg. and internal draft exceeds 3 deg.
tolerances and machine allowances to define and control (the draft angle is a basic dimension that applies to
castíforged surfaces. Datum reference frames are estab- define basic profile wherever draft exists on the finished
lished from datum targets on as-cast/-forged surfaces part whether or not draft is shown pictorially on the
to control the rough castingíforging and from machined drawing).
datum features to control the finished part. Basic dimen- (c) Show castinglforging outline for machined sur-
sions are used to define size, shape, location, and faces (with phantom lines) only when necessary to
geometric relationship between surfaces, features and clarify the parting line and machine allowance.
datum reference frames. Profile of a surface tolerances (d) Establish the functional datum reference system
control cast/forged surface size and location relative to in accordance with ASME Y14.5M using functional
the speciíied datum reference frame and basic dimen- features of the finished part.
sions. Machine allowance permits determination of the ( e ) Dimension shape, size, and location of features
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
rough casting/forging dimensions from the machined with respect to the datum reference system, using
surfaces of the íinished part. The profile tolerance rectangular coordinate dimensioning practices with basic
system may be applied to separate view drawings, dimensions in accordance with ASME Y 14.SM. Apply
combined view drawings, and end item drawings. tolerances using geometric profile of a surface toler-
The use of profile of a surface tolerance requires ances.
that the profile tolerance value for each surface include ( f , Dimension the basic profile of unmachined sur-
additive tolerances such as die closure, mismatch, flash faces that remain on the finished part with respect to
extension, and straightness where applicable. the function datums. Dimensions for fillets, corners,
draft, and wall thickness which remain on the finished
part must be shown either in the general notes or on
C3 FIGURES the body of the drawing.
The Figures in this Appendix are intended only as (g) Dimension the machined surfaces of the finished
illustrations to aid in understanding the principles of part with respect to the functional datums using basic
the profile tolerance system for dimensioning casting/ dimensions and geometric tolerances. Size and shape
forging drawings described i n the text. The Figures before machining is depicted by adding machine allow-
are incomplete by intent in that no material or notes ance to the basic dimensions and then applying the
related to casting/forging processes are shown. pro fi le tolerance.
45
at 303-397-2295.
~ ~~
STD.ASHË
YLq-8M-ENGL L99b 0757b70 0578588 205 W
C4.1 As-Cast/As-Forged Part Profile C4.5 Basic Profile

Requirements
Basic profile on a machined surface is established
The as-casdas-forged part profile must be defined in by adding the specified machine allowance value to the
addition to the finished part requirements. dimensions that locate the machined surface. Geometric
Select datum targets and establish the rough part profile of a surface tolerances are applied to this basic
datum reference system using the as-casdas-forged sur- profile.
faces of the part. Relate this datum reference system
by dimensions to the functional datum reference system. C4.6 Drawing Callout Method
Machine allowance may be shown on drawings using
C4.2 General Notes the following methods.
General Notes may be used to show requirements ( a ) The machine allowance value and profile toler-
that apply to repeated features as follows. ance value are the same as the values shown in the
( a ) Machine allowance. Specify basic machine allow- casting/forging note as shown in Fig. C-2. This is
ance to apply to nondrafted machined surfaces. applicable to machined surfaces without draft.
(b) Fillet radii. Specify size for casvforged fillet (b) The machine allowance value and profile toler-
radii that will remain on the finished part. ance value are both different from the values shown
( c ) Corner radii. Specify size for casîiforged comer in Fig. C-3. This is applicable to machined surfaces
radii that will remain on the finished part. with draft. The machine allowance is large enough to
( d ) Draft, external. Specify value for standard draft include draft.
to be used on external surfaces. ( c ) The machined surface is only a portion of a
( e ) Drap, infernal. Specify value for standard draft drafted surface and does not cross the parting line as
to be used on intemal surfaces. shown in Fig. C-4.
( f ) Basic wall thickness. Specify value for basic ( d ) The machine allowance for a machined chamfer
wall thickness. on a comer adjacent to two machined surfaces is
( g ) Minimum wall rhickness. Specify value for mini- specified as shown in Fig. C-5.
mum wall thickness. ( e ) The machine allowance for a machined fillet
( h ) Basic projle tolerance related to rough part radius adjacent to two machined surfdces is specified
datum reference system. Specify the basic profile toler- as shown in Fig. C-6.
ances for the surfaces of the part before machining
( i ) Basic projle tolerance related to functional da-
tum reference system. Specify the basic profile tolerances
for the casdforged surfaces of the part that remain on C5 APPLICATION TO A COMBINED VIEW
the finished part after machining. (CASTINGIFORGING AND MACHINING
( j ) Datums established by datum targets. Specify REQUIREMENTS) DRAWING
applicable datum identification letters.
Figure C-7 illustrates a combined views drawing
showing both casting and machining requirements as
C4.3 Draft follows.
Draft must be illustrated pictorially on the drawing ( a ) The drawing views necessary to define both the
when an unmachined surface that remains on the com- as-cast part with machining stock added to surfaces
pleted part has draft that is greater than 2 deg. for which will be machined and the machined part.
external surfaces and 3 deg. for internal surfaces. Figure (b) Datum targets on the as-cast surfaces to provide
C-l illustrates possible location for origin of draft and a processing datum reference frame (X, Y, and Z) for
parting line for a simple part when draft and parting qualifying the as-cast part (refer to ASME Y l4.5M).
are not specifically controlled. ( c ) The functional datum reference frame (A, E, and
C) (refer to ASME Y14.5M).
( d ) Dimensions relating the processing datum refer-
C4.4 Dimensioning Draft
ence frame to the functional datum reference frame.
Where it is necessary to specifically control the (e) The dimensions of all features (cast and ma-
amount and/or direction of draft for design purposes, chined) for size, shape, and location relative to the
the draft angle and origin of the drafted surface must functional datum reference frame (A, B, and C) using
be dimensioned on the drawing. rectangular coordinate dimensioning, without dimension
46
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
STDSASME YLq*Bfl-ENGL L99b
~~
= 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 8 9 LLiL 9
-
lines and arrowheads and basic dimensions (refer to

ASME Y14.5M).
cf, A General Note controlling:
( I ) profile of a surface tolerance related to the
processing datum reference frame for the as-cast part
and related to the functional datum reference frame
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
for the cast portions that remain on the finished part

( 2 ) machine allowance
( 3 ) fillet radii
( 4 ) comer radii
( 5 ) external draft
(6) wall thickness
( g ) A General Note identifying all dimensions with-
out tolerances as basic dimensions.
( h ) Other profile of a surface tolerances may be
added where required by machining stock and draft.
41
at 303-397-2295.
STD.ÄSME YL4.8M-ENGL L77b a 0757b70 0578570 Sb3
THIS ON THE DRAWING POSSIBLE CASTING DESIGN
t-*O0--I J
2
7
DEPTH OF
DRAW
d t
POSSIBLE CASTING DESIGN POSSIBLE CASTING DESIGN
DEPTH OF NG
NG
-t ZOO+DRAFT+ DEPTH OF
DRAW
* ORIGIN OF DRAFT
FIG. C-1 ORIGIN OF DRAFT AND PARTING LINE
48
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
STD.ASME YLq-BM-ENGL 377h 9 0757hTO 0578573 8 T T m

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: 4.5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE
MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3 d 3 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE

1.5 MIN MACHINE
ALLOWANCE
_________.___
PARTING
LINE
3 PROFILE TOLERANCE -
FIG. C-2 MACHINE ALLOWANCE - SURFACE WITHOUT DRAFT

k-6.5 MAX
MACHINE
4 BASIC ALLOWANCE
MACHINE
MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3 d ALLOWAN CE
2 DRAFT
ALL OVER: I n131zlylx I
- 1.5 MIN
3 BASIC MACHI NE
MACHINE ALL0 WANC E
ALLOWANCE
t N P I C A L MIN
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PRO FILE
d N
~ P_I C_A L_ MIN
L PARTINGt
~
PROFILE
i- 3 BASIC DEPTH OF
MACHINE DRAW
ALLOWANCE LINE
FIG. C-3 MACHINE ALLOWANCE - SURFACE WITH DRAFT
49
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S N E YZY-8M-ENGL L 7 7 b W 0 7 5 f b 7 0 0578572 73b
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPEC1FIED:
MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3.5

EXT DRAFT 5
d
ALL OVER: 1a
141 z IV Ix 1
-0213 4-
7 P P R O F I L E TOL ZONE
l il- TYPICAL MIN PROFILE
TYPICAL BASIC PROFILE
TYPICAL MAX PROFILE
.5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE
3.5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE

5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE
8.5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE
FIG. C-4 MACHINE ALLOWANCE - PORTION OF SURFACE WITH DRAFT
50
at 303-397-2295.
THIS ON THE DRAWING
MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3.5d
I ALL OVER: 1-
3.M0.5 X 45
I MEANS THIS
,- 5.5 MAX MACHINE ALLOWANCE
.5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE
1.5 MIN MACHINE ALLOWANCE
$-

FIG. C-5 MACHINE ALLOWANCE - CHAMFERED CORNER
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.
STD.ASflE YLq.8fl-ENGL L 7 7 b m 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 7 4 507 -9
THIS ON THE DRAWING

MACHINE ALLOWANCE 3.
5 d
FILLETS R I O
ALL OVER: lol4ltly]
MEANS THIS
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3.5 BASIC MACHINE ALLOWANCE
TYPICAL DRAFT

FIG. C-6 MACHINE ALLOWANCE - FILLET
52
at 303-397-2295.
b
x
'+ LZ
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
53
at 303-397-2295.
APPENDIX D
SAMPLE DRAWING
Figure D-l in this Appendix is intended only as an

illustration of the principles of dimensioning casting/
forging drawings.
The absence of a Figure illustrating the desired
application is neither reason to assume inapplicability
nor basis for drawing rejection. In some instances the
Figure shows added detail for emphasis; in other in-
stances the Figure is incomplete by intent.
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
55
at 303-397-2295.
S T D - A S M E YL<.BM-ENGL L77b -¡
0757b70 0578597 218 ¡
P M NUMBER. M N W R TRADEUAGK
I I f ANO INSPECTON STWPING THIS ØRiEA
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

CORNER WII 2.5 UV(
F l L W WID11 -ni
P m N G UNE D M ANGLES UTERNAL 0.5 M/\y
INIERW 1 , s u4x
DIMENSIOW mmmcE +os -0.3
FUSH UTENSON T O L E W C E 0.4 UU
MISMATCH WIMIN DIMENSONAL T O L E W C E
W N MRECTION TO CONFORU TO THE
G E N E N SHAPE OF THE P M
OIUWING DEFINBON PER ASME Yl4.8M-1998

P m N G UNE OIMENSIONS #ND TOLEWCES IN A C M R W C E
WIM ASME Y14.5U-199+
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
F1G.D-1 PRECISION FORGING DRAWING SAMPLE
56
at 303-397-2295.
STD-ASME YL4.BM-ENGL 177b- 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 5 7 8 5 7 8 L5Li
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Abbreviations ........................................................................................... .Y1. 1.1989

American National Standard Drafting Practices
Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and Format ............................................................ .Y14. 1.1995
Metric Drawing Sheet Size and Format................................................................ .Y14.1 M.1995
Line Conventions and Lettering ....................................................................... Y14.2M-1992
Multiview and Sectional View Drawings ................................................................ Y14.3M-1994
Pictorial Drawings ............................................................................ Y 14.4M- 1989(R1994)
Dimensioning and Tolerancing ........................................................................ Y14.5M-1994
Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles .................................... Y14.5.1M-1994
Certification of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Professionals ................................. Y14.5.2M-1995
Screw Thread Representation .................................................................... Y14.6-1978(R1993)
Screw Thread Representation (Metric Supplement) .............................................. Y 14.6aM-l981(R1993)
Gears and Splines
Spur, Helical. Double Helical and Racks ....................................................... Y14.7.1-1971(R1993)
Beveland Hypoid Gears ..................................................................... Y14.7.2-1978iR1994)
Castings and Forgings ............................................................................... Yl4.8M-1996
Mechanical Spring Representation............................................................. Y 14.13M-l981(R1992)
Electrical and Electronics Diagrams .............................................................. Y14.15-1966(R1988)
Interconnection Diagrams ........................................................................... .Y14.15 a.1971
Information Sheet .................................................................................. Y14.15b-1973
Fluid Power Diagrams.......................................................................... Y14.17-1966(R1987)
Optical Parts ................................................................................ YI4.18M-l986(Rl993)
Types and Applications o f Engineering Drawings ..................................................... .Y14.24 M.1989
Chassis Frames - Car and Light Truck - Ground Vehicle Practices .................................... Y14.32.1M-1994
Parts Lists, Data Lists, and Index Lists., .............................................................. .Y14.34 M.1989
Revision of Engineering Drawings and Associated Documents ........................................... Y14.35M-1992
Surface Texture Symbols ............................................................................ Yl4.36M-1996
Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data ...................................... Y14.26M-I987
A Structural Language Format for Basic Shape Description................................... Y14 Technical Report 4-1989
Illustrations for Publication and Projection ......................................................... Y15.1M-l979(R1986)
Time Series Charts ............................................................................. Yl5.2M-l979(Rl986)
Process Charts ........................................................................... ... Y15.3M-l979(R1986)
Graphic Symbols for:
Electrical and Electronics Diagrams ..................................................................... .Y32. 2.1975
Plumbing ...................................................................................... Y32.4-1977(R1994)
Railroad Maps and Profiles ...................................................................... Y32.7-1972(R1994)
Fluid Power Diagrams ......................................................................... .Y32.1 0.1967íR1994)
Process Flow Diagrams i n Petroleum and Chemical Industries ...................................... Y32.11-1961íR1993)
Mechanical and Acoustical Elements as Used in Schematic Diagrams ............................... Y32.18-1972íR1993)
Pipe Fittings, Valves, and Piping ................................................................ Y32.2.3-1949(R1994)
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning ....................................................... Y32.2.4-1949U31993)
Heat Power Apparatus ........................................................................ Y32.2.6-195OíR1993)
Letter Symbols for:
Glossary o f Terms Concerning Letter Symbols ..................................................... Y10.1-1972(R1988)
Mechanics and Time-Related Phenomena .............................................................. Y10.3M-1984
Heat and Thermodynamics ...................................................................... Y10.4-1982(R1988)
Quantities Used in Electrical Science and Electrical Engineering ........................................... .Y 10.5-1968
Acoustics ............................................................................................ YlO.11-1984
Chemical Engineering .......................................................................... Y10.12-1955(R1988)
Guide for Selecting Greek Letters Used as Letter Symbols for Engineering Mathematics ..............Y10.17-1961(R1988)
Illuminating Engineering ........................................................................ Y10.18-1967(R1987)
The ASME Publications Catalog shows a complete list of all the Standards published by the Society. for a complimentary
catalog. or the latest information about our publications. call I-800-THE-ASME (7.800.843.2763) .
--`,``,,`,`,,,,,`,``,`,,```,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 303-397-2295.

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ASME-Yl4.

Custodians: Adopting Activities:

S T D - A S M E Y L q - B M - E N G L Lq7b 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578538 78T i

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

TITLE OF DOCUMENT: Castings and Forgings

Custodians: Military Coordinating Activity:

Review Activities: User Activities:

The American Society of

Date of Issuance: December 30, 1996

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

The American Society of Mechanical Engineering

STD-ASME YL4-8M-ENGL 199b 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0578543 274

SUBCOMMITTEE 8 - CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

S T D - A S M E Y L 4 - 8 M - E N G L L77b m 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0578543 047

Standards Commit tee Roster ........................................................... V

1 Scope. Definitions. and Terms ...........................................

ENGINEERING DRAWING AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION PRACTICES

CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

1.1 General 1.2 References

ASME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

draft allowance would result in an offset of the surfaces

movable targets: two or more targets with a controlled

riser: a reservoir of molten metal connected to the

This Section establishes methods of preparing casting/

2.2 Drawings Containing Separate Views

2.3 Drawings Containing Combined Views

2.4 End Item Drawings

(b) Machlnlng Requirements -

FIG. 2-1 SEPARATE VIEWS DRAWING

CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.8M-1996

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:

FIG. 2-2 COMBINED VIEWS DRAWING

ASME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

FIG. 2-3 END ITEM DRAWING

CASTINGS AND FORGINGS ASME Y14.8M-1996

3.1 General 3.7 Fillet Radii

3.8 Flash Extension

3.3 As-CastIAs-Forged Surfaces

STD-ASME Y L q - B M - E N G L 277b 0757b70 0578553 T7b

ASME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

THIS ON THE DRAWING MEANS THIS

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE: f 0.8 EXCEPT AS NOTED

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: Die closure tolerance is included

DIE CLOSURE NOT SPECIFIED

I THIS ON M E DRAWING MEANS THIS

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE f0.8 f3CEPT AS NOTED

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:

FIG. 3-l(b) DIE CLOSURE SPECIFIED AND PARTING LINE INDICATED

ASME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

THIS ON THE DRAWING MEANS THIS

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE: f 0.8 EXCEPT AS NOTED

i Parting line -7 '>

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: Die closure tolerance applies to

FIG. 3-I(c)DIE CLOSURE SPECIFIED AND PARTING LINE NOT INDICATED

Parting Line 3.6

FIG. 3-2 DRAFT CONSTRUCTION

ACME Y14.8M-1996 CASTINGS AND FORGINGS

3.12 Match Draft

3.14 Parting Lines

FIG. 3-3(aI DATUM PLANE AND FORGING 3.15 Sharp Corners

3.16 Grain Direction

3.17 Special Requirements

3.18 Profile Tolerances