SHM1023

Intercultural
Communication

G l o b a l i s i n g t o d a y ’s t e a c h i n g p r o f e s s i o n a l s
 Week 2:
Forms and
Models
of
ICC
 Approaches to IC
Communication
Approach 1
©“model” of communication
© a visual representation of
a process
 Approaches to IC
Communication
Approach 2
© a framework of concepts
© understand a communication
episode
 Why Models
• Descriptive function
– visual representation
• Summarizing research in an area
• Troubleshooting function
- communication breakdown
/analysis
I. Baldwin’s Model of ICC
 High
High

Inter Intercultural
group

High

Interpersonal
Interpersonal dimension

©Communicating with people

based on our personal
understanding of them.
Interpersonal dimension

© According to Miller and

Steinberg:
demographic predictions
sociological predictions
personal predictions
 Intergroup dimension
© The degree to which we see
people in terms of groups.
© Social identity theory
We see ourselves and others
in terms of the groups which
we belong to.
 Intergroup dimension

© This dimension is related not

only to group perception, but
also to stereotypes and
prejudices.
 Intercultural dimension

© Real cultural differences which

can range from minimal to very
great.
© Perception of difference is 2nd
dimension; but real differences are
the 3rd dimension.
 Strength
© Distinguish between
group belonging and real
cultural differences.
 Strength
© Some combinations that might
be problematic are if you and I are
high on intergroup perception (we
think we are different) but on the
intercultural dimension, we are
actually low. In this case, we are
not really interacting with each
other, but with our stereotypes of
each other’s group.
 Strength
© We might look alike, even be from
the same country or racial/ethnic
group, so we see ourselves low on
the intergroup dimension, but
because of urban/rural or family
culture differences, we are actually
high on the intercultural
dimension.
 Strength

© In this case, because we

don’t expect cultural
differences, we would blame
communication problems
just on personal traits and
behaviours.
 Limitation

•A limitation of this
definition is that it does
not include context
(see, Gudykunst & Kim
model, below).
Gudykunst’s Approach
Environmental Influences

•
Sending

Receiving
 The Four Filters.

• Cultural
- shared perception or
frameworks of thought
• Sociocultural - group identity
• Psychocultural - individual mind
• Environmental - context
 Values
Norms Beliefs

CULTURAL

World
Rules View
 Sociocultural

Roles Social
identities
 Psychocultural

Prejudice,
Uncertainty,
stereotypes
anxiety
Mood,
attitude,
perception
 Environmental

Situation/
location
Interaction
potential
Geography/
climate
Samovar & Porter ’s Model
Cultures vary in how different
they are from each other

Individuals are not the

same as cultures
Cultures and perception
shape the way we process
and create messages.
 3 Points

Cultures vary in how different they are

from each other

Individuals are not the same as

cultures

Cultures and perception shape the way

we process and create messages.
 3 Points

Cultures vary in how different they are

from each other

Individuals are not the same as

cultures

Cultures and perception shape the way

we process and create messages.
 Thank
you.

Good communication is as stimulating

as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after.
~ Anne Morrow Lindbergh