COMPUTER NETWORK

Assignment No# 04
Sir sajjid ullah
NAME: Dil e Aman
ID : CU-446-2018
QNO 1: Write down a detail note on 5G technologies and the
history of 5G technologies.
ANSWER:

5G is the next generation of wireless network technology, designed to

expand the range of mobile technology beyond LTE capabilities. It will
change things, promote new things across the industry and in every
aspect of our lives. Over time, 5G technology will change the way we
live, work, and play - for the better.

5G also incorporates a wide range of technologies, many of them new,

to enable it to provide the very high levels of performance required for
it.

5G mobile communication technology includes:

1: Waveforms & modulation:

One of the major discussions when 5G was being developed was based
on the type of waveform to be used. Ultimately the system was based
on OFDM, the modulation formats themselves are dependent on the
link and include QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM and uplink where
DFT-OFDM is used, π / 2-BPSK can be used.

2: Multiple Accesses

Various access programs were also discussed, but with 5G New Radio,
OFDMA was used. CP-OFDM drop was used and in the uplink can be CP-
OFDM or DFT-OFDM.
3: Millimeter-Wave Connection

Millimeter Mobile Communication was not used for the first delivery of
the 5g mobile communication system as the most expensive millimeter
wave communication technology was not yet fully developed. The use
of Millimeter-Wave for 5G mobile communications will require a large
number of basic channels to provide the necessary coverage.

In preparation for the implementation of Millimeter-Wave, the waves

were distributed and then fell below the FR2 (Frequency Range 2)
allocation.

4: Massive MIMO with beam-steering

5G antenna technology provided significant opportunities to improve

performance over 4G. Although MIMO was used with 4G LTE, the
technology continued.

The beam steering technology has also been adopted to make the
antenna beams and receiver antenna beams to be focused towards the
mobiles with which they are communicating. Each cell phone can have
its own beam, using advanced antenna technology, and this focuses on
the transmission power where needed and minimizes interference
between the cells. This provides significant improvements in
performance.
5: Dense networks

Reducing cell size provides the most efficient use of available spectrum.
While larger cells will be stored for normal communication, more small
cells will be distributed to ensure that the amount of data can be
supplied.

The use of small cells provides the greatest use of frequency and as a
result the network as a whole can offer a much higher level of data
volume. As data usage grows rapidly, this is a clear and pressing
demand.

History of 5G technologies:
Verizon has led the way in the development and implementation of 5G
and accelerated the development of 5G. In 2015, we built the 5G
Technology Forum (5GTF) —as bringing together major partners such
as Nokia, Qualcomm, Intel and Samsung - to move the entire 5G
environment forward. We used the 5G TF level to launch our 5G Home
service in the US in LA, Sacramento, Houston and Indianapolis last year.
This standard has laid the foundation for a global standard. 5GTF work
helped accelerate the release of the 3GPP 5G New Radio (NR) standard
in December 2017.

On April 3, 2019, he launched a 5G mobile service in parts of Chicago

and Minneapolis. Customers in those cities were the first in the world
to have a 5G-enabled smartphone connected to a 5G network.

Since then, Verizon has been able to launch many 5G phones, including
Samsung Galaxy S10 5G, Galaxy Note 10+ 5G, LG V50 ThinQ ™ 5G
among others.