MODULE I

Lesson 1 Symbols of A, E, N, M, T, D

Lesson 2 Punctuation, Paragraph

and Capitalization Symbols

Lesson 3 Symbols of H, ING sound,

long I, O, R,L
Lesson 4 Brief Forms
 MODULE I

FOUNDATIONS OF SHORTHAND

 Gregg Shorthand is one of the valuable subject you will learn. There are
several reasons why such powerful statement is true.
Shorthand is a lifelong personal skill which relieves one from the
drudgery of writing in longhand. Shorthand makes it possible for most
people to write three or four times faster than their longhand writing
speed. Over a lifetime this saves a tremendous amount of time.
All personal notes, such as shopping lists, telephone messages,
reminders, and to do lists, can be written in shorthand. To the student,
shorthand is a particular valuable. The shorthand writer takes notes
completely and easily while the longhand writer struggles and often misses
important information. In the library, the shorthand writer saves valuable
time in making research notes.
Professionals in all occupations find their jobs made easier and more
efficient if they know shorthand. News Reporters use shorthand when listing
feeds for their news story. Clerk in courts of a case, Staff in a wide variety
of jobs used shorthand to record instructions given to them by their
Supervisors and other Professionals used shorthand in order to make notes
in meetings. Most Secretaries use shorthand. They use it for taking
dictation. The best paying Secretarial jobs requires skill in shorthand.

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. Familiarize the symbols of the letters A, E, N, M, T, D, H, ING sound,
Long I, O, R, and L.
2. Identify the different brief Forms, Punctuation used in Steno,
Capitalization of a word.
3. Read and Write symbols of the letters A, E, N, M, T, D, H, ING sound,
Long I, O, R, and L and Brief Forms in Steno.

1
 There are Four lessons in the module. Read each lesson carefully
then answer the exercises/activities to find out how much you have
benefited from it. Work on these exercises carefully and submit your output
to your Instructor or to the College of Management Deans office.
In case you encounter difficulty, discuss this with your Instructor
during the face-to-face meeting.

Good luck and happy reading and writing!!!!

LESSON 1

READING AND WRITING PRACTICE

Before you do any writing of shorthand, you should acquire an
appropriate notebook and pen. A Steno Notebook is required because the
line spaces are wider than the other notebooks and has a spiral bonding. A
fine point ball pen facilitates the fast writing of the strokes without
becoming fatigued. A pencil is not recommended. Pencil notes become
blurred and hard to read.
Steps to follow in writing the reading and writing practice
1. Read the material you are going to copy. Make sure you can read
the copy easily before attempting to write.
2. When you are ready to start writing, read a convenient group of
words from the printed shorthand then write the group, reading aloud as
you write.
In the early stages, your writing may not be very rapid, nor will your notes
be as well written as those in the book. With your regular practice,
however, your notes will rapidly improve.

1. SILENT LETTERS
In Gregg Shorthand these silent letters are omitted; only the sounds that
you actually hear are written.

LETTERS A, E, N, M, T AND D

2
2. A is simply the longhand a with the final connecting stroke omitted.

Write the symbol of a several times.

A
_________________________________________________________________

3. E is represented by a small circle.

E in shorthand it is represented by a tiny circle.
Write the symbol of e several times.

E ___________________________________________________________
(Observe the difference between the sizes of a and e)
4. N is represented by a very short forward straight line. _
Write the symbol of n several times.
N _ ___________________________________________________________
M longer forward straight line.___
Write the symbol of m several times.
M ___ ___________________________________________________________

(Observe the difference between the sizes of N and M)

Copy the shorthand stroke of the following:

Nay :__________________________________knee:____________________
May :__________________________________mean:___________________
main :__________________________________aim:_____________________
5. T a short forward straight line and D is a longer forward straight line.
Write the symbol of T several times.
T ___________________________________________________________
D The shorthand stroke for D is a longer upward straight line.
Write the symbol of letter D several times.
D ___________________________________________________________
(Now observe the difference between T and D)

3
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following:
T, D words
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following:
Day, (d-a):_____________________________mate,(M-a-t):______________
Date, (d-a-t):___________________________team, (t-e-m):_____________
Meat, (m-e-t):__________________________neat,(n-e-t):_______________
Tea, ( t-e):_____________________________made, (m-a-d):____________
Aid, (a-d):_____________________________deed, (d-e-d):______________
6. PUNCTUATIONS AND CAPITALIZATION
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following punctuation several times.
Period :___________________________________paragraph:_____________

Parentheses:______________________________Question mark:___________

Dash:_____________________________________hyphen:________________
Comma:___________________________________colon:__________________
Semi colon:________________________________exclamation point:_____
Capitalization is indicated by two upward dashes placed underneath the
word.
Ex. May or Mae __________Amy:__________Dean:__________________

7. O The shorthand stroke for o is a small deep hook.

Write the symbol of o several times.
O :___________________________________________________________

8. R The shorthand stroke for r is short forward curve.

Write the symbol of r several times.

R :___________________________________________________________

9. L The shorthand stroke for l is a longer forward curve.

Write the symbol of l several times.
L :___________________________________________________________

4
O R L
Now observe the difference between the sizes of o, r and l.
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following words.
O Words
No, (n-o):____________________________________tow,(t-o):__________
Dough, (d-o) :________________________________Dome, (d-m):_________
Own, (o-n):__________________________________owning,(o-n-ing):______
Mode, (m-o-d):_______________________________known, (n-o-n):_______
R Words
Ray,(r-a):___________________________________or,(o-r):____________
Dear,(d-e-r):________________________________rate, (r-a-t):________
Raid,(r-a-d):________________________________right,(r-I-t):_________
Rain,(r-a-n):________________________________wrote,(r-o-t):________
Trade,(t-r-a-d):_____________________________hire, (h-I-r):__________
L Words
Lay, (l-a):__________________________________lane,(l-a-n):___________
Late,(l-a-t):________________________________lean,(l-e-n):____________
Mailing,(m-a-l-ing):__________________________light,(l-I-t):_____________
10. H is a dot placed above the vowel. .
11. Ing sound is also a dot placed at the end of the word..
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following:
He, (h-e):____________________________heat, (h-e-t):_______________
Whole,(h-o-l):________________________
ING
Hearing, (h-e-r-ing):_________________________heating, (h-e-t-ing):____
Mailing, (m-a-l-ing):________________________
12. Long I. the shorthand for the long sound of I is a large broken circle.
Copy the stroke of long I several times.
Long
I:_______________________________________________________________

5
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following:
My, (m-i):__________________________________try, (t-r-I):____________
Might, (m-I-t):______________________________line,(l-I-n):___________

13. Omission of minor vowels. Many words in the English language contain
vowels that are sounded only slightly or are slurred. For example, the word
heater n is really pronounced het-r .Meter is pronounced met-r. These
vowels are omitted in shorthand.
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following:
Meter, (m-e-t-r):__________________________heater,(h-e-t-r):_________
Dealer,(d-e-l-r):___________________________total, (t-o-t-l):___________
Lighter,(l-I-t-r):___________________________title,(t-I-t-l):_____________
Observe that the letter e in meter is being omitted.
14. BRIEF FORMS. There are some words in the English language that occur
again and again when we speak or write. As an aid to rapid writing, special
abbreviations, called brief forms, are provided for some of these common
words.
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following brief forms several times.
I:_____________________________have:_____________________it,at:_____
Am:__________________________will,well:__________________in,not:___
Mr:___________________________a,an:________________are, our, hour:__
Would:________________________of:_________

 LEARNING ACTIVITY

Discuss the importance of shorthand writing in your course. Please do not

copy and paste from the internet. Please construct your own answers.

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 MODULE SUMMARY

In module I, you have learned about the significance of shorthand for office
administration student and other professionals.There are four lessons in module I.
Lesson 1 consists of the symbols for letters A,E,N,M,T and D. Lesson 2 deals with
the different punctuation and capitalization of a word in shorthand. Lesson 3
consists of the symbols for letters O,R and L, H and ing sound at the end of a
word.Lesson 4 consists of the symbols for Brief forms in Steno.

Congratulations!
You have just studied Module I. N ow you are ready to evaluate how much you
have benefited from your reading by answering the summative test.
Good Luck!!

 SUMMATIVE TEST

I. Write the shorthand strokes of the following Letters, words , Punctuation

and Brief Forms.
A PERIOD I Eat
E QUESTION MARK HAVE me
N DASH AM May
M HYPEN WILL,WELL tea
T CAPITALIZATION IN, NOT dot
D PARAGRAPH A, AN hear
O PARENTHESES MR. role
R IT, AT late

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L ARE, OUR, HOUR tel
H WOULD ram
ING team

II. READ AND TRANSCRIBE THE FOLLOWING.

1.
Answer :
2.
Answer:
3.
Answer:
4.
Answer:
5.
Answer:

MODULE II

Lesson 1 Sounds of S, F and V.

Lesson 2 FR and FV blend.

Lesson 3 SHORT AND SOFT O

WORDS
Lesson 4 PHRASES
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1. ________________________________________________________
__
2. ______________________________________________
3. _____________________________

MODULE II

M Mm

Lesson I: SOUNDS OF S, F and V.

Alphabet Review
A E T D N M O R L H ING

15.S Z tiny downward curve that resembles the long hand comma.
Copy the shorthand symbol of s and z sounds several times.
SZ:______________________________________________________________
___________SCOC161616F downward curve the same shape as s, but
it is somewhat longer approximately half the height of the space between
the lines of your shorthand note book.
Copy the shorthand stroke of f several times.
F:_______________________________________________________________
__________
17.V the shorthand stroke is also a downward curve the same shape as s
and f but it is very large approximately the full height of the space between
the lines of your shorthand notebook.

9
Copy the shorthand stroke of V several times.
18.V:_____________________________________________________________
_________________
WRITE THE STROKES SEVERAL TIMES SAYING THE LETTERS ALOUD
SAY :_____________________________SEE:__________________________
FAY :_____________________________FEE:__________________________
FACE :_____________________________VASE :________________________
SAFE :_____________________________SAVES:________________________

Lesson II
19. FR AND FV BLEND
Another way in which Gregg Shorthand provides writing speed is through
several blends of symbols that frequently occur together. Writing speed is
gained by eliminating the pen stop.
Fr blend:___________________________________ Fl
blend:_____________________________
Fr and Fl Words.
Now let us try to give the shorthand strokes of the following.
Frame:__________________________________fry:______________________
________________
Fred:___________________________________flame:____________________
________________
Free:___________________________________fly:_______________________
________________
Flying:__________________________________flowing:__________________
_________________
FR AND FL PRACTICE
1. Dave will fry ham.

2. Fred will fly home.

3. I am afraid of flying.

4.He may own a frame home.

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 4. Has Fred flown free?

Lesson III
20.The o symbol that represents the long sound of o as in home also
represents the short sound of o as in Tom and the soft sound of sound of o
as in thought.
own ON hot HOT saw SO tall TOL stone STON
O the o symbol represents the short and soft sounds of o, no matter how
the word is spelled in long hand.
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following several times.
On:_______________________Tom:_______________________saw:________
__________
Lot:_______________________hot:________________________small:______
___________
Law:______________________taught:_____________________all:_________
___________
SHORT AND SOFT O PRACTICE
1. I saw Tom at home.

2.He met Tom on a rainy day.

3.He saw a small tame deer.

4.I hear a lot of laughter in our home.

5.Tom taught in a small city.

Lesson IV
21.PHRASES. You learned special abbreviations, called brief forms, for
some very common words. Very often these occur together. Much of the
writing speed of shorthand comes from combining these brief forms into
single outline called phrases.
Example: in____+our______=in our___________________
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following phrases:
I will:______________________________________are in, are not:________
It will not:__________________________________will not:_____________
I am:_______________________________________I would:_____________

11
I would not:_________________________________it will:______________
Of our:______________________________________in it:_______________

 MODULE SUMMARY

There are four lesson in Module II. Lesson 1 consists of the symbols
for letters S, F and V.Lesson 2 combination of FR and FL in
shorthand.Lesson 3 deals with the soft sound of o in steno. Lesson 4 deals
with the study of phrases used in shorthand writing which is combining brief
forms to form phrases.
Congratulations!
You have just studied Module II. Now you are ready to evaluate how much
you have benefited from your reading by answering the summative test.
Good Luck!!

 SUMMATIVE TEST

Write the shorthand strokes of the following:

Words with S, F Words with FL Short and soft o Phrases
and V and FV words
see free hot It will
say fry stone In our
face frame dome Are not
fees flame toll Will not
save flee tall I would not
vase Fred more It will not
saves flare call I am not

Read and Transcribe the following:

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1.
Answer:
2.
Answer:
3.
Answer:
4.
Answer:
5.
Answer
6.
Answer:
7.
Answer:
8.
Answer:
9.
Answer:
10.
Answer:

MODULE III

13
Lesson 1 WORD BEGINNING IN

Lesson 2 SOUNDS OF OO, K AND G,

W, SW AND WH

Lesson 3 SOUNDS OF LEFT S, P AND

B
Lesson 4 BRIEF FORMS AND
PHRASES

MODULE III

LESSON I
Word beginning in is represented by n. N in shorthand is a small forward
straight line.__
22.IN - Words
Copy the shorthand strokes of the following several times.

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Invest:________________________invite:_________________indeed:______
___________
Investing:______________________inviting:________________inside:______
____________
IN Practice
Now let us read and transcribe the following sentences.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

LESSON II
23.OO. The shorthand stroke for the sound of oo as in to, is a tiny upward
hook.
Copy the stroke of oo sound several times.
OO:______________________________________________________________
Now let us write the shorthand strokes of the following words with oo
sounds.
Two,too:_____________________________suit:________________________
_____________
Due:_________________________________produce:____________________
_____________
Who:_________________________________room:_______________________
_____________
Poor:_________________________________knew:______________________
______________
Who:_________________________________poor:_______________________
______________
Food:_________________________________true:_______________________
______________
Move:________________________________noon:_______________________
______________

15
Observe the the oo is placed on its side when it follows n or m, as in
new,noon and move. By placing the hook on its side in these combinations
rather than writing it upright. We obtain smooth joinings.
24.W, Sw at the beginning of words w, as in we, is represented by the oo
hook;
Sw, as in sweet, by s-oo.
We:_________________________________wade:_______________________
Way:________________________________wear:________________________
Sweet:______________________________swear:________________________
Wait:_______________________________swear:________________________
_________
Wh Wh as in while and why is also represented by the oo hook.
Wy
Why:_______________________________white:________________________
While:______________________________whale:________________________
Wheel:______________________________wheat:_______________________
K the shorthand stroke for k is a short forward curve.
Take:________________________________week:_______________________
Make:________________________________cool:________________________
Increase:_____________________________clean:_______________________
Came:________________________________make:______________________
G the shorthand stroke for the hard sound of g as in game is a much longer
forward curve.
Observe the difference in the size and shape of oo, k and gay.
Gain:_______________________________go:___________________________
Game:______________________________goal:_________________________
Gate:_______________________________gave:_________________________
Grade:______________________________gleam:_______________________
LESSON III
25.LEFT S-Z, P and B.
Left s-z is represented by a backward comma.
Needs:______________________________least:________________________

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Series:______________________________names:_______________________
Rise:_______________________________mails:_________________________
Most:_______________________________homes:_______________________
P the shorthand stroke for p is the same shape as left s except that it is
larger.
Hope:______________________________space:________________________
Open:______________________________please:________________________
Paper:_____________________________provide:_______________________
Price:_____________________________type:___________________________

B the shorthand stroke for b is the same shape as s and p except that is
much larger.
Bay:_____________________________buy:_____________________________
Base:____________________________brief:____________________________
Blame:___________________________boat:____________________________
Label:___________________________able:____________________________
LESSON IV
26.BRIEF FORMS AND PHRASES
Here are a number of useful phrases that are use in the oo hook.
We are:___________________________we may:_______________________
We will:___________________________who are:______________________
We have:__________________________who are not:____________________

 MODULE SUMMARY

There are four lessons in Module 3. Lesson 1 contains words with in sound in
the beginning of a word which is represented by short forward straight line.
Lesson 2 comprises of words with w, wh, which is also represented by a
tiny upward hook. It also contains the symbols for k which is represented by
short forward curve and letter k which is the same shape as k except that it
is much longer.

Congratulations!

17
You have just studied Module III. Now you are ready to evaluate how much
you have benefited from your reading by answering the summative test.

Good Luck!!

 SUMMATIVE TEST

Give the shorthand strokes of the following:

Words with oo K and G sound Left s, p and b Useful phrases
sound, wh and
sw
too Cake series We will
cool make pair We are
why game buy We are not
swear goal blame We will
sweet game plane We can
Transcribe the following:
Words with oo K and G sound Left s, p and b Useful phrases
sound, wh and sw

1.
Answer:
2.
Answer:
3.
Answer-
4.
Answer:
5.
Answer:

18
 MODULE IV

Lesson 1 SOUND OF OVER TH AND

UNDER TH
Lesson 2 SOUNDS OF SH,CH AND J

Lesson 3 COMMON BUSINESS

LETTER SALUTATION AND
CLOSINGS
Lesson 4 WORD ENDING LY,WORD
ENDING TION, CIENCY AND
CIENT
19
 MODULE IV
LESSON I
27.TH Two tiny curves written upward, are provided for the sounds of th,
These curves are called “ith”.
At this time you need not to try to decide which th stroke to use in word;
this will become clear to you as your study of Gregg Shorthand progresses.
Over ith
These:__________________________________theater:__________________
Teeth:__________________________________then:____________________
Them:__________________________________truth:_____________________
Thick:__________________________________faith:_____________________
Under ith
Though:________________________________both:______________________
Those:_________________________________birth:______________________
Three:_________________________________earth:_____________________
Thorough:______________________________health:____________________
Brief Forms
Here is another group of brief forms for frequently used words. You will be
wise to learn them well.
The:____________________________________you,your:_________________

20
That:___________________________________with:____________________
Of:_____________________________________is,his:____________________
But:____________________________________Mrs:______________________
Common Phrases
In the:_________________________________with you:_________________
It is:___________________________________in that:__________________
You are:________________________________I can:___________________
I cannot:_______________________________in his:___________________
With his_______________________________

READING PRACTICE
SAMPLE LETTER TRANSCRIPTION

LESSON II
28. SH, CH, J
SH is a very short downward straight stroke.
CH the shorthand stroke for ch is somewhat longer straight downward
stroke approximately one half of the space between the lines in your steno
notebook.

21
J the shorthand stroke for j is a long downward straight stroke almost the
full length of the space between the lines in your shorthand notebook.
sh
She:____________________________________share:____________________
Shown:_________________________________issue:_____________________
Ship:___________________________________insure:___________________
Ch
Check:_________________________________chair:____________________
Choose:________________________________teach:____________________
Search:________________________________church:____________________
J
Age:___________________________________change:___________________
Jury:___________________________________wages:___________________
Jewels:_________________________________large:____________________
LESSON III
29. COMMON BUSINESS LETTER SALUTATIONS AND CLOSINGS
Dear Sir:_________________________ Yours truly:______________________
Dear Madam:_____________________Sincerely yours:___________________
Yours very truly:__________________Very truly yours:___________________
LESSON IV
30. WORD ENDING LY, TION,CIEN,CIENT,CIENCY
WORD ENDING LY is represented by e circle.
Lately:___________________________mainly:__________________________
Mostly:___________________________nearly:__________________________
Badly:___________________________plainly:__________________________
Highly:___________________________daily:___________________________
WORD ENDING TION is represented by ish stroke.
Action:___________________________operation:_______________________
National:_________________________occasion:________________________
Inflation:__________________________election:_______________________

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WORD ENDINGS CIENT, CIENCY
CIENT is represented by ish-t
CIENCY is represented by ish-s-e.
Patient:__________________________ancient:_________________________
Patiently:________________________efficient:_________________________
Proficiency:______________________efficiency:________________________
31. AMOUNTS AND QUANTITIES
500________________$12___________$4.30______________8,000_________
$3,000_____________9 percent______$300,000___________6 o clock______

 MODULE SUMMARY

There are four lesson in Module IV. Lesson 1 is the ith sound it is
represented by a tiny upward hook.Lesson 2 the symbols for ish, ch and
j.Lesson 3 deals with the business salutation and closing written in
shorthand and Lesson 4. deal with the different word endings and its
shorthand stroke.
Congratulations!
You have just studied Module II. Now you are ready to evaluate how much
you have benefited from your reading by answering the summative test.
Good Luck!!

 SUMMATIVE TEST

TRANSCRIBE THE FOLLOWING

1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
GIVE THE SHORTHAND STROKES OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. then 2. thick 3.teeth
4.share 5. teacher 6.mainly
7.namely 8. efficient 9.efficiency
10. 10 percent 11. 7 o clock 12. $700,000

23
 13. Dear Sir: 14. Yours truly 15. Very truly yours
READ AND TRANSCRIBE
ANSWER

MODULE V

24
Lesson 1 PHRASE, BRIEF FORMS,
BRIEF FORM DERIVATIVES
Lesson 2 SOUNDS OF TEM AND DEM

Lesson 3 WORD BEGINNING RE,CON

AND COM

MODULE V
LESSON I
32. BEEN IN PHRASES

25
The word been is represented by b after, have, has and had.
have been Had been

I have been I have not been

You have been It has been

I could have been I should have been

Had not been

ABLE IN PHRASES is represented by a after be and been.
You have not been able I should be able

You should be able I may be able

I have been able I have not been able

You will be able

YOU, YOUR PHRASES is represented by oo hook.
Of you, of your For you,for your
You are You are not
You have You have not
WILL PHRASES is represented by l.
I will be I will have
You will not You will be
You will have We will be
You will not have You will not be
WOULD PHRASES is represented by d.
I would You would be
I would be You would have
I would not You would not have
You would You would be
CAN PHRASES is represented by k.
I can You can be
I can be We can
I cannot We cannot
I cannot be We cannot be
You cannot Can have
BRIEF FORMS
when were
send after
could should
and from

26
 street Be, by
for can
have good
put
BRIEF FORM DERIVATIVES
inform being
force believe
forget began
forgive beside
afford before
having goods

PHRASE PRACTICE
1.

2.

3.
LESSON II
33. TEM AND DEM BLEND sounds of tem and dem are represented by a
blend of d and m.
TEM WORDS
item Attempt
items attempting
temper estimate
temporary automobile
tomorrow customer
DEM WORDS
freedom medium
damage Adams
damages demonstrate
Demonstration
Seldom
TEM AND DEM PRACTICE
1.

2.

3.

27
LESSON III
WORD BEGINNINGS
34. RE is represented by an r.
reject research
replace Receive
reply refer
replies reference
repair reason
35. CON AND COM is represented by k.
control complain
contract compare
conduct comparing
consider compile
consideration combine

 MODULE SUMMARY

There are four lesson in Module V. Lesson 1 are the phrases used in
shorthand writing. Lesson 2 contains words with the tem and dem sound
which is represented by blending d an m. lesson 3 contains lists of different
word beginnings which is written is Steno.
Congratulations!
You have just studied Module V. Now you are ready to evaluate how much
you have benefited from your reading by answering the summative test.
Good Luck!!

 SUMMATIVE TEST

TRANSCRIBE THE FOLLOWING

28
 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
GIVE THE SHORTHAND STROKES OF THE FOLLOWING:
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
READ AND TRANSCRIBE
ANSWER

29