You are on page 1of 5

Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com

ScienceDirect
Energy Procedia 100 (2016) 34 – 38

UG,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ3RZHUDQG(QHUJ\6\VWHPV(QJLQHHULQJ&3(6(
6HSWHPEHU.LWDN\XVKX-DSDQ

,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV5ROHLQWKH5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\5HVRXUFHV
$5$O$OL 
Computer Sceience an Engingeering Departmen, American University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE

$EVWUDFW

7KH FRQFHSW RI 6PDUW &LWLHV LV EHFRPLQJ D UHDOLW\ DV LW HYROYHV IURP FRQFHSWXDO PRGHOV WR GHYHORSPHQWDO VWDJHV 5HVLOLHQW
UHOLDEOHHIILFLHQWDQGVHDPOHVVHQHUJ\DQGHOHFWULFDOSRZHUIORZDUHHVVHQWLDOSDUWVWRHQHUJL]HDQGSRZHUWKHVHUYLFHVRIVPDUW
FLWLHVVXFKDVVPDUWKRVSLWDOVVPDUWEXLOGLQJVVPDUWIDFWRULHVVPDUWWUDIILFDQGWUDQVSRUWDWLRQV$OORIWKHVHVPDUWVHUYLFHVDUH
H[SHFWHGWRUXQZLWKRXWLQWHUUXSWLRQVE\WKHXVHRIVPDUWHQHUJ\DQGHOHFWULFDOSRZHUJULGVZKLFKDUHFRQVLGHUHGDPRQJWKHPRVW
LPSRUWDQWSLOODUVIRUVXFKFLWLHV7RNHHSWKHVHUYLFHVRIVPDUWFLWLHVLQWHUFRQQHFWHGDQGLQV\QFWKH,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV ,R7 DQG
FORXG FRPSXWLQJ DUH NH\ LQ VXFK WUDQVIHUV 7KH SDSHU SUHVHQWV WKH UROH RI ,R7 LQ UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV LQWHJUDWLRQ WR
HOHFWULFLW\JULG

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI&3(6(
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CPESE 2016
Keywords:6PDUWHQHUJ\VPDUWJULGVPDUWFLWLHVLQWHUQQHWRIWKLQJV/R:3$1

,QWURGXFWLRQ

7KH :RUOG :LGH :HE LV HYROYLQJ IURP D WUDGLWLRQDO KRVW WKDW FRQWDLQV WH[W LPDJHV DXGLRV DQG YLGHRV WR D
SK\VLFDO KRVW WKDW HQDEOHV XVHUV WR FRQWURO SK\VLFDO REMHFWV  +RPH DSSOLDQFHV UHPRWH &&9 FDPHUDV DQG IDFWRU\
IORRUV FDQ EH PRQLWRUHG DQG FRQWUROOHG XVLQJ WKH ,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV ,R7  DV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ PHGLD 7KH SK\VLFDO
ZHEFRQFHSWLVHPHUJLQJQRZDGD\V)RUH[DPSOHVPDUWHQHUJ\IUDPHZRUNVXWLOL]LQJ,R7ZHUHUHSRUWHGWRDXWRPDWH
DQG FRQWURO HQHUJ\ LQ EXLOGLQJV >@ $Q ,R7 FRPPXQLFDWLRQ QHWZRUN LV XWLOL]HG LQ HQHUJ\ JHQHUDWLRQV DQG
FRQVXPSWLRQVLQUHVLGHQWLDODUHDV7KHDXWKRUVEXLOWDQ,R7EDVHGH[SHULPHQWDOSURWRW\SHWKDWOHGWRVDYLQJHQHUJ\
DQG OHIW D SRVLWLYH LPSDFW RQ VXVWDLQDELOLW\  6PDUW HQHUJ\ PHWHUV DUH XVHG WR DOORZ IRU FRPPXQLFDWLRQ EHWZHHQ


&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[
E-mail address:DDOL#DXVHGX

1876-6102 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CPESE 2016
doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.144
A.R. Al-Ali / Energy Procedia 100 (2016) 34 – 38 35

FRQVXPHUVDQGXWLOLW\FRPPDQGFHQWHUVWRH[FKDQJHPHVVDJHVDERXWHQHUJ\DQGHOHFWULFDOFRQVXPSWLRQDVZHOODV
ZHOOWKHVWDWXVRIKRPHDSSOLDQFHV>@7KLVVWXG\H[WHQGHGWRVPDUWZDWHUDQGJDVPHWHUV7KHDXWKRUVFRQFOXGHG
WKHLUSUHVHQWDWLRQZLWKDVHWRIJXLGHOLQHVIRUXWLOL]LQJVPDUWPHWHUVLQVPDUWHQHUJ\PRQLWRULQJDQGFRQWUROV\VWHPV
)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVDEURDGHUSLFWXUHRIKRZHQHUJ\DQGSRZHUIURPDQHVVHQWLDOSDUWRIVPDUWFLWLHV>@$VGHVFULEHG
LQ >@ UHDOWLPH RSHUDWLRQ GDWD IURP GLIIHUHQW REMHFWV VXFK DV VPDUW HOHFWULFLW\ JDV DQG ZDWHU PHWHUV VPDUW
VXUYHLOODQFHVPDUWWUDQVSRUWDWLRQVPDUWHQYLURQPHQWDQGVPDUWZDVWHPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPVDUHFROOHFWHG7KHGDWD
WKHQLVIRUZDUGHGWRDVPDUWFOXVWHUKHDG 6&+ DQGWKHODWHUWUDQVPLWVWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQWRORFDOVPDUWIXVLRQQRGHV
6)1$VDUHVXOWDQ,R7EDVHGVPDUWGHFLVLRQLVWDNHQDQGDFRQWUROHQDEOHUFHQWHUFROOHFWVDQGH[FKDQJHVWKHGDWD
IRUPRQLWRULQJDQGFRQWUROOLQJWKLVVFDODEOHDUFKLWHFWXUH>@$FORVHUORRNDWWKLVFRQFHSWXDOVPDUWFLW\PRGHOVKRZV
KRZYLWDOUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVDQGIRVVLOIXHOFRDOHQHUJ\DVZHOODVQXFOHDUHQHUJ\DUHLQVPDUWFLWLHV
$VPDUWJULGFRQVLVWVRIWKUHHPDMRUOD\HUVQDPHO\V\VWHPRIV\VWHPVFRPPXQLFDWLRQQHWZRUNVDQGDSSOLFDWLRQV
OD\HUV >@ 5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV DUH XWLOL]HG DV GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWLRQ '*  XQLWV DQG LQVWDOOHG QHDUE\
ZKHUH WKH HQHUJ\ LV FRQYHUWHG DQG FRQVXPHG 7KLVNLQGRI LQVWDOODWLRQZLOO UHGXFH WKH QHHG IRU ORQJ WUDQVPLVVLRQ
OLQHVSRZHUORVVHVDQGSRZHUVXEVWDWLRQV>@0DQ\UHSRUWHGOLWHUDWXUHVKRZHGWKHPRVWSRSXODUUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\
UHVRXUFHVDUHVRODUHQHUJ\ZLQGHQHUJ\DQGK\GURHOHFWULFHQHUJ\>@


)LJ&RQFHSWXDOLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIDUFKLWHFWXUHLQ6PDUW&LWLHV>@

,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV&RQFHSWV

7KHZRUOG LVVKLIWLQJ WRZDUG PRUH LQWHUFRQQHFWLYLW\ DQGPRUH FRQGXFWLYLW\ ,WKDV EHFRPH DQ LQWHJUDWHGJOREDO
FRPPXQLW\ WKURXJK PXOWLSOH WHFKQRORJLHV DQG QXPHURXV DUHDV RI DSSOLFDWLRQV DQG VHUYLFHV ,R7 FRQFHSWV DUH
OHDGLQJ WR D ZRUOG ZKHUH UHDO GLJLWDO DQG YLUWXDO WKLQJV DUH FRQYHUJLQJ WR PDNH RXU FLWLHV VPDUWHU DQG PRUH
LQWHOOLJHQW1RZDGD\VWUDGLWLRQDOZHEWHFKQRORJ\LVHPSRZHUHGE\,R7WRFRQQHFWSK\VLFDOREMHFWV WKLQJV VXFKDV
KRPHDSSOLDQFHVDQGVPDUWJULGGHYLFHVZLWKDXQLTXHDGGUHVVIRUHDFKWKLQJ>@7KLVKDVEHHQPDGHSRVVLEOH
36 A.R. Al-Ali / Energy Procedia 100 (2016) 34 – 38

ZLWKWKHKHOSRIWKH,39SURWRFROZKLFKKDVXQLTXH,3DGGUHVVHVFRPSDUHGWRDGGUHVVHVXVHGE\,3Y
8VLQJ,39ELOOLRQVRIREMHFWVFDQEHFRQQHFWHGPRQLWRUHGDQGFRQWUROOHGDWWKHVDPHWLPH>@
$V,R7LVEHFRPLQJPRUHRIDUHDOLW\QRZDGD\VDFDGHPLFVDQGLQGXVWULDOSURIHVVLRQDODUHFODVVLI\LQJLWLQWRWZR
FDWHJRULHV &RQVXPHU ,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV &,R7 KHUHDIWHU ,R7  DQG ,QGXVWULDO ,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV ,,R7  >@
3RSXODU,R7DSSOLFDWLRQVDUHVPDUWSKRQHVZHDUDEOH79VDQGKRPHDSSOLDQFHV2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHSRSXODU,,R7
DSSOLFDWLRQVDUHVPDUWIDFWRULHVJULGVPDFKLQHVFLWLHVDQGFDUV)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKHVHWZRFDWHJRULHV>@


























)LJ,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJVFDOFLILFDWLRQV>@

3URSRVHG,R7,,R7&RQFHSWXDO)UDPHZRUNIRU5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\5HVRXUFHV

7KH 1,67 VPDUW JULG FRQFHSWXDO PRGHO KDV VHYHQ GRPDLQV RQH RI ZKLFK LV WKH FRQVXPSWLRQ GRPDLQ >@ 7KH
FRQVPSWLRQGRPDLQLVWKHSULPHU\FDQGLGDWHIRUWKHFRJQHUDWLRQDQGLQVWDOODWLRQRIUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRUXFHV$V
VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH  WKHUH DUH WKUHH GLIIHUHQW  W\SHV RI FRQVXPHUV  QDPHO\ UHVLGHQWDLO FRPPLFDO DQG LQGXVWULDO
5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV VXFK VRODU ZLQG DQG KD\GUR DUH LQVWDOOHG IRU DOO W\SHV RI FRQVXPHUV ,Q WHUPV RI
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ QHWZURNV WKH FRQVXPSWLRQ GRPDLQ LV LV GLYGHG LQWR WKUHH GLIIHUHQW QHZRUNV KRPH DUHD QHWZURN
+$1 EXVLQHVVDUHDQHWZRUN %$1 DQGLQGXVWULDODUHDQHWZRUN ,$1 >@
0DQ\ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ SURWRFROV DUH XWL]OHG LQ WKHVH QHWZRUNV VXFK DV  =LJ%HH 3/& =:DYH :L)L :L0D[
**60DQG/(7)LJXUHVKRZVWKHSURWRFROVRIFRPPXQFDWLRQQHWZRUNVWKDWXWLOL]HDWWKHVDPHWLPHZLWKLQRQH
JULG>@$VPHQWLRQHGLQVHFWLRQWKHUHDUHWZRFDWHJRULHV,R7DQG,,R77KLVSDSHUSURSRVHGWKHXWLOL]DWLRQRI
ERWKWRLQWHJUDWHWKUHHGLIIHUHQWFRQVXPHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQQHWZRUNVWRWKHVPDUWJULGQHWZRUNV
(DFK UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFH LV FRQVLGHUHG DV DQ REMHFW DQG LW LV DVVLJQHG D XQLTXH ,3 DGGUHVV 8VLQJ
ELGLUHFWLRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQLWEHFRPHVSRVVLEOHWRPRQLWRUHDFKREMHFWDVFRQWUROLVGRQHYLDLWVXQLTXH,3DGGUHVV
7KLVHOLPLQDWHVWKHQHHGIRUVHYHUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQSURWRFROVZLWKLQWKHVDPHJULG
7KH,3SURWRFROLVXWLOL]HGXVLQJWKH/RZ3$1FRPPXQLFDWLRQSURWRFRODQGLWLVEDVHGWKH,3Y/R:3$1KDV
D OLPLWHG IUDPH VL]H RI  E\WHV DQG LW KDV PRUH VSDFH IRU DSD\ORDG RI  E\WHV >@ 8VLQJ WKH /RZ3$1
A.R. Al-Ali / Energy Procedia 100 (2016) 34 – 38 37

SURWRFRO PDNHV WKH QHWZRUN IDVWHU DQG VFDODEOH 7KH VFDODELOLW\ IHDWXUH DOORZV PRUH GHYLFHV DQG DSSOLDQFHV WR EH
LQWHJUDWHG ZLWKLQ WKH QHWZRUN )RU H[DPSOH ORFDO EDWWHULHV VWRUDJH KRPH DSSOLDQFHV DQG VPDUW PHWHUV FDQ EH
FRQVLGHUHG DV REMHFWV (DFK RQH RI WKHVH REMHFWV ZLOO KDYH D XQLTXH ,3 DGGUHVV DQG LW FDQ EH PRQLWRUHG DQG
FRQWUROOHGUHPRWHO\
$OVRWKHVDPHFDQEHH[WHQGHGWRLQFOXGHRWKHUGHYLFHVRIWKHHOHFWULFLW\JULGVXFKDVFLUFXLWEUHDNHUVFDSDFLWRU
EDQNVUHOD\VDQGSKDVHPHDVXUHPHQWXQLWV

















)LJ&RQVXPHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQDUHDQHWZRUNVZLWKPXOWLSOHSURWRFROV>@

)LJ3URSRVHG&RQVXPHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQDUHDQHWZRUNVZLWKRQHSURWRFROXWLOL]LQJWKH,R7FRQFHSWV

&RQVRODWLRQ

7KLV SDSHU SURSRVHG DQ ,R7,,R7 FRQFHSWXDO PRGHO WR LQWHJUDWH UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV VLQJ RQH FRPPRQ
QHWZRUNSURWRFROLQVWHDGPXOWLSOHSURWRFROV7KHDGYDQWDJHRIVXFKXWLOL]DWLRQPDNHVWKHHOHFWULFLW\JULGPRUHUREXVW
38 A.R. Al-Ali / Energy Procedia 100 (2016) 34 – 38

DQGVFDODEOH7KLVFRQFHSWFDQEHH[WHQGHGWRLQFOXGHQRWRQO\WKHFRQVXPSWLRQGRPDLQEXWDOVRRWKHUVXFKDVWKH
GLVWULEXWLRQVDQGJHQHUDWLRQVGRPDLQV

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

7KH DXWKRU ZRXOG OLNH WR DFNQRZOHGJH WKH VXSSRUW RI WKH $PHULFDQ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 6KDUMDK DQG WKH 6RXWK $VLD
,QVWLWXWHRI6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ 6$,6( IRUPDNLQJWKLVSURSRVDOSRVVLEOH

5HIHUHQFHV

>@-LDQOL3DQ5DM-DLQ6XEKDUWKL3DXO7DP9X$EXVD\HHG6DLIXOODK0R6KD$Q,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV)UDPHZRUNIRU6PDUW(QHUJ\LQ
%XLOGLQJV'HVLJQV3URWRW\SHDQG([SHULPHQWV,(((,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV-RXUQDO9RO1RS±
>@4LH6XQ+DLORQJ/L=KDQ\X0D&KDR:DQJ-DYLHU&DPSLOOR4L=KDQJ)UHGULN:DOOLQ-XQ*XR$&RPSUHKHQVLYH5HYLHZRI6PDUW
(QHUJ\0HWHUVLQ,QWHOOLJHQW(QHUJ\1HWZRUNV,(((,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV-RXUQDO9RO1RS
>@6DW\DQDUD\DQD91DQGXU\%HQH\D]$%HJXP6PDUW:61EDVHGXELTXLWRXVDUFKLWHFWXUHIRUVPDUWFLWLHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ
$GYDQFHVLQ&RPSXWLQJ&RPPXQLFDWLRQVDQG,QIRUPDWLFVS±
>@7$GHIDUDWL5&%DQVDO,QWHJUDWLRQRIUHQHZDEOHGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWRUVLQWRWKHGLVWULEXWLRQV\VWHPDUHYLHZ,(75HQHZDEOH3RZHU
*HQHUDWLRQ9RO1RS±
>@0D<LZHL<DQJ3LQJ*XR+RQJ[LD=HQJ-XQ'HYHORSPHQWRIGLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQV\VWHPEDVHGRQYDULRXVUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHV
WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ3RZHU(OHFWURQLFV6\VWHPVDQG$SSOLFDWLRQV 3(6$ S
>@:HQFRQJ6X-LDQKXL:DQJ-DHK\XQJ5RK6WRFKDVWLF(QHUJ\6FKHGXOLQJLQ0LFURJULGVZLWK,QWHUPLWWHQW5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\5HVRXUFHV
,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ6PDUW*ULG9RO1RS±
>@66XUHQGHU5HGG\35%LMZH'D\$KHDGDQG5HDO7LPH2SWLPDO3RZHU)ORZFRQVLGHULQJ5HQHZDEOH(QHUJ\5HVRXUFHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO
-RXUQDORI(OHFWULFDO3RZHU (QHUJ\6\VWHPV9RO1RS
>@$EUDKDP'HEHEH:ROGH\RKDQQHV'HUHMH(QJLGD:ROGHPLFKDHO$NOLOX7HVIDPLFKDHO%DKHWD6XVWDLQDEOHUHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHV
XWLOL]DWLRQLQUXUDODUHDV5HQHZDEOHDQG6XVWDLQDEOH(QHUJ\5HYLHZV9RO1R3
>@$UDV$KPDGL/LJLD7LUXWD%DUQD(QULFR%HQHWWR)ORULQ&DSLWDQHVFX$QWRQLQR0DUYXJOLD2QWKHLPSRUWDQFHRILQWHJUDWLQJDOWHUQDWLYH
UHQHZDEOHHQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVDQGWKHLUOLIHF\FOHQHWZRUNVLQWKHHFRGHVLJQRIFRQYHQWLRQDOGULQNLQJZDWHUSODQWV-RXUQDORI&OHDQHU
3URGXFWLRQ9RO1RS
>@0RKVHQ+DOODM$VJKDU$WXO1HJL1DVLEHK0RKDPPDG]DGHK3ULQFLSOHDSSOLFDWLRQDQGYLVLRQLQ,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV ,R7 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
&RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPSXWLQJ&RPPXQLFDWLRQ $XWRPDWLRQS±
>@6WHYHQ(&ROOLHUWKH(PHUJLQJ(QHUQHW&RQYHUJHQFHRIWKH6PDUW*ULGZLWKWKH,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV,(((5XUDO(OHFWULF3RZHU
&RQIHUHQFHS±
>@-RKQ3LFNDUG$QQLH<3DWULFN$QGUHZ5RELQVRQ$QDO\VLVRIHQWHUSULVH,3YUHDGLQHVV6RXWKHDVW&RQ<HDU3DJHV
>@-RQJKZDQ+\XQ-LDQ/L+ZDQNXN.LP-DH+\RXQJ<RR-DPHV:RQ.L+RQJ,3YDQG,3YSHUIRUPDQFHFRPSDULVRQLQ,3Y/7(
QHWZRUNWKH$VLD3DFLILF1HWZRUN2SHUDWLRQVDQG0DQDJHPHQW6\PSRVLXPS±
>@*RQQRW7DQG6DQLLH-8VHU'HILQHG,QWHUDFWLRQVEHWZHHQ'HYLFHVRQD/R:3$11HWZRUNIRU+RPH$XWRPDWLRQ,(((,QWHUQDWLRQDO
RI7HFKQRORJ\0DQDJHPHQW&RQIHUHQFHS
>@'HVLJQLQJWKH,QGXVWULDO,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJVKWWSHOHFWURQLFGHVLJQFRPLQGXVWULDOGHVLJQLQJLQGXVWULDOLQWHUQHWWKLQJV$FFHVVHG-XO\

>@+LVDVKL6DVDMLPD7RUX,VKLNXPD+LVDQRUL+D\DVKL)XWXUH,,27LQSURFHVVDXWRPDWLRQ²/DWHVWWUHQGVRIVWDQGDUGL]DWLRQLQLQGXVWULDO
DXWRPDWLRQ,(&7&WK$QQXDO&RQIHUHQFHRIWKH6RFLHW\RI,QVWUXPHQWDQG&RQWURO(QJLQHHUVRI-DSDQ 6,&( S±
>@1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI6WDQGDUGVDQG7HFKQRORJ\1,67IUDPHZRUNDQGURDGPDSIRUVPDUWJULGLQWHURSHUDELOLW\VWDQGDUGVUHOHDVH
KWWSZZZQLVWJRYSXEOLFBDIIDLUVUHOHDVHVXSORDGVPDUWJULGBLQWHURSHUDELOLW\BILQDOSGI-DQXDU\
>@%$O2PDU$5$O$OL5$KPHG7/DQGROVL5ROHRILQIRUPDWLRQDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQWHFKQRORJLHVLQWKHVPDUWJULG-RXUQDORI(PHUJLQJ
7UHQGVLQ&RPSXWLQJDQG,QIRUPDWLRQ6FLHQFHV9RO1RS
>@<H<DQ<L4LDQ+DPLG6KDULI'DYLG7LSSHU$6XUYH\RQ6PDUW*ULG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHV0RWLYDWLRQV5HTXLUHPHQWVDQG
&KDOOHQJHV,(((&RPPXQLFDWLRQV6XUYH\V 7XWRULDOV9RO1RS±

You might also like