Q#1: Aphakia: it is a condition whi involve not having eye lens.

Lens is a clear flexible

structure that alow your eyes to focus This condition is most common in adults , but it can
also affects children.

Aphakia signs:
Operative scar

Deep anterior chamber due to lake of lens support

Pupil is jet black in colour

Fundus examination shows hypermetropic small disc

Retinoscopy reveals high hypermetropia.

Aphakia symptoms:
The primary symptom of aphakia is the lack of an eye lens. This issue can lead to other
symptoms, such as:

 Blurry vision
 Difficulty focusing
 Problems with color vision (colors appearing faded)
 Light sensitivity
 Trouble seeing objects up close (farsightedness)
 Issues with focusing on an object as you move closer to or farther away from it

Aphakia treatment:

Spactacles: optical principle is to correct the error by convex lens of appropriate power.
Spectacles prescription has been the most commonly employed method of correcting aphakia
in the past

Contact lens: aphakia contact lens is not very common in practice

It is treatment of coice who are un suitable for IOL implantation or who have experienced a
failed IOL implants.

Common in unilateral aphakia.

IOL implantation: IOL implantation in contaract has goog out come

Difficult to implant IOL in congenital contaract due to small size of eyeball

IOL power may hamper the emmetropization process due to inappropriate IOL siza and
power.

Refractive corneal surgery in aphakia : refractive cornial surgery is under trial for
correction of aphakia it includes

1. Keratophakia: keratoplasty in which cornial tissue from a donor is frozen,shaped,and

inserted into the cornea of recipient
2. Epilerakophakia: surgical procedure in which a donor cornea is transplanted to the
anterior surface of patient’s cornea
3. Hyperopic-laser assisted in situ keratomileusis: corrective eye surgery in which a flap
of corneal surface is raised and a thin layer of underlying tissue is removed used a
laser.

Q#2: Transposition: Transposition of lens simply means to rewrite the expressions of its
power without actually changing them. In most cases, eyeglass prescription is changed from
plus (+) form to minus (-) form in lens transposition.
.
Two types of transposition:
1. Simple transposition: +4.00 DS /-1.00 DC 180°
2. Toric transposition: +3.00 DS /+1.00 DC BC -6.00

Uses of transposition: it is technical formula to change the lens form from one type to
another. Simply transposition is used to convert one form to an other usually + to – some
practotioners prescribes eye glasses in what is called plus cylinder and others do so in minus
cylinder.