Introduction:

Bone fractures, commonly known as broken bones, happen to millions of people across
the country each year. Typically caused by sports injuries, car accidents or falls, these
painful injuries take time to heal.

Types of bone fractures:

 Closed or open fractures: If the injury doesn’t break open the skin, it’s called a
closed fracture. If the skin does open, it’s called an open fracture or compound
fracture.
 Complete fractures: The break goes completely through the bone, separating it in
two.
 Displaced fractures: A gap forms where the bone breaks. Often, this injury requires
surgery to fix.
 Partial fractures: The break doesn’t go all the way through the bone.
 Stress fractures: The bone gets a crack in it, which is sometimes tough to find with
imaging.

The forearm consists of two bones, the radius and the ulna, with the ulna is located on
the pinky side and the radius on your thumb side. Forearm fractures can occur as a
single (radius or ulna only) or combined (both bones) fracture.

When both bones are fractured at different levels and there is a joint injury at the wrist
or elbow, these are described as Galeazzi or Monteggia fractures:

 Galeazzi facture: Most often a displaced fracture in the radius and a dislocation of
the ulna at the wrist, where the radius and ulna come together.
 Monteggia fracture: Most often a fracture in the ulna and the top (head) of the
radius is dislocated at the elbow joint.

Anyone can be experience a fracture. But you’re more likely to develop one if you have
brittle bones, or low bone density. You’re more likely to develop brittle bones if you:

1. Are older
2. Have osteoporosis
3. Have endocrine or intestinal disorders
4. Are taking corticosteroids
5. Are physically inactive
6. Drink alcohol
7. Smoke
You can’t prevent all fractures. But you can work to keep your bones strong so they’ll be
less susceptible to damage. To maintain your bone strength, consume a nutritious diet,
including foods that are rich in calcium and vitamin D. It’s also important to exercise
regularly. Weight-bearing exercises are particularly helpful for building and maintaining
bone strength. Examples include walking, hiking, running, dancing, and weight training.

NURSING HISTORY

This is a case of patient T.V.M, 31 years old, male, born on September 10,
1989, presently resides at Barangay Labangon Cebu City, Philippines. He
weighs 80 kilos and has a height of 5’8”. The patient is a Filipino citizen, a
Roman Catholic, and married. The patient was admitted at VSMMC on
December 21, 2020, at 3:30 a.m. with his chief complaints were pain on the left
arm.

Two hours prior to admission, patient was on his way down in a short,
steep hill riding his bicycle when suddenly he loses control and fell down. He
sustained a complete closed bone fracture in his left arm. The pain worsened in
intensity and became sharp, pain score 10/10. He was brought to the emergency
department by an ambulance, thus this admission.

During physical examination, (+) deformity, (+) swelling, (+) hematoma,

(+) tenderness, (+) crooked appearance, (-) wound on left arm, patient showed
voluntary guarding behavior over his left arm. The following vital signs are: temp
36.7°C, P 105, RR 25 breaths per minute, BP 120/90 mm Hg, SpO2 96%.

There was no history of admissions, any injuries, or surgical interventions.

But both of his parents are know to have hypertension and diabetes milletus. The
patient is a non-smoker, drink alcoholic beverages occasionally, and did not
enter substance abuse such as drugs. Also, there were no histories of food and
drug allergies upon assessment. The patient recalls undergoing required
immunization as a child and adult.

The patient work was a salesman and has a educational attainment of 4 th

year high school level. The client is also an active cyclist enthusiast, in which he
does biking every day-off with his co cyclist and an hardworking salesman that
he really give his full attention toward his job. The patient is also a loving, caring
and responsible father of his two little girls and to his wife. The patient, with his
family was an active Christ believer in which they go to church every Sunday to
praise and give full attention in praying. The patient has a good relationship in
their neighborhood and sometimes discusses their concern and improvement of
 the community. The patient plays mobile legends, watch youtube, browse in his
social media account, and rest if he has an ample time for break.

PATIENT’S GENOGRAM:

MATERNAL SIDE PATERNAL SIDE

Grandfather Grandmother Grandfather Grandmother

Mother Father

Sister Patient Brother

Legend:

Female Male Deceased hypertension Diabetes Mellitus complete closed fracture