GPEST

Intro is not according to outline:

The situation in Pakistan, like many other developing countries, is not very encouraging. The
low enrolment rates at the primary level, wide disparities between regions and gender, lack of
trained teachers, deficiency of proper teaching materials and poor physical infrastructure of
schools indicate the poor performance of this sector.

Education teaches one the way of spending a good life, it teaches one the etiquettes, the
proper manners, and civilities to live an honorable life. It changes a person’s mindset and
makes him more flexible and poised in his attitude towards various aspects of life. As Most of
the Pakistanis are deprived of their very basic right of getting educated they never become
independent and are exploited and influenced by the educated ones, this creates great
disparities in social classes. Corruption, feudalism, living on Loans, etc these are all the
problems that arise as a result of poor education, hence, the people fail to elect correct people
for the government and suffer whole their lives because the mindset cannot be altered except
only with education So, it’s a dire need of the debilitating education-health status of the state
that proper education system be implemented so that a just even social, economic and political
system would be ensured. And soon shall Pakistan make its way to the soaring heights of
Progress and development.

Problems in Education

1. Education System is based on Unequal Lines

The educational system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. Medium of education is different
in both, public and private sector. This creates a sort of disparity among people, dividing them
into two segments.

2. Regional Disparity
Regional disparity is also a major cause. The schools in Baluchistan (The Largest Province of
Pakistan By Area) are not that much groomed as that of Punjab (The Largest Province of
Pakistan By Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29.5% in males and
3% in females.

3. Funds
The allocation of funds for education is very low. It is only 1.5 to 2.0 percent of the total GDP. It
should be around 7% of the total GDP.

4. Poverty
Poverty is also another factor that restricts the parents to send their children to public or
private schools. So, they prefer to send their children to madrassas where education is totally
free.

5. Ratio of Gender Discrimination

The ratio of gender discrimination is a cause which is projecting the primary school ratio of boys
& girls which is 10:4 respectively. For the last few years there has been an increase in the
growth of private schools. That not only harms the quality of education but creates a gap
among haves and has not.

6. Lack of Technical Education

The lack of technical education is a biggest flaw in the educational policy that has never been
focused before. Therefore, less technical people mean less.

7. Untrained Teachers
The teachers in government schools are not well trained. People who do not get job in any
other sector, they try their luck in educational system. They are not professionally trained
teachers so they are unable to train a nation.

Recently, minister of education announced a new Education policy for that next 10 years. The
interesting thing is that the previous educational policy from 1998 to 2010 is still not expired.
Although it is projected to give new plans and to make more promises with the nation. It is said
in this policy that all the public schools will be raised up to the level of private schools. No plan
of action have been discussed, yet a notice is issued to private schools to induct government
course in 5th and 8th class and these classes will bound to take board exams. This disturbed the
students of private sector also.

Solutions for Educational System

Estimating the value of education, the Government should take solid steps on this issue.
Implementation instead of projecting policies should be focused on. Allocation of funds should
be made easy from provinces to districts and then to educational institutes. Workshops must
be arranged for teachers. Foreign states are using LSS system. This should be inducted in
Pakistani schools to improve the hidden qualities of children. Technical education must be given
to all the classes. The education board of Punjab has projected a plan to give tech- education to
the children of industrial workers. Promotion of the primary education is the need of time.
Teachers, professors and educationists should be consulted while devising any plan, syllabus or
policy. The state seems to give up her responsibility and totally relying on private sector. The
need of time is to bring education in its original form to masses. Burdening students with so
much books will not work as he will not understand what the world is going to do next
moment. Education is the only cure of the instability in the state and can bring revolution
through evolution, by eradicating the social evils. This is how to remove illiteracy in Pakistan.
Before GPEST

Problems in Education

1. Education System is based on Unequal Lines

The educational system of Pakistan is based on unequal lines. Medium of education is different
in both, public and private sector. This creates a sort of disparity among people, dividing them
into two segments.

2. Regional Disparity
Regional disparity is also a major cause. The schools in Baluchistan (The Largest Province of
Pakistan By Area) are not that much groomed as that of Punjab (The Largest Province of
Pakistan By Population). In FATA, the literacy rate is deplorable constituting 29.5% in males and
3% in females.

3. Ratio of Gender Discrimination

The ratio of gender discrimination is a cause which is projecting the primary school ratio of boys
& girls which is 10:4 respectively. For the last few years there has been an increase in the
growth of private schools. That not only harms the quality of education but creates a gap
among haves and has not.

4. Lack of Technical Education

The lack of technical education is a biggest flaw in the educational policy that has never been
focused before. Therefore, less technical people mean less.

5. Funds
The allocation of funds for education is very low. It is only 1.5 to 2.0 percent of the total GDP. It
should be around 7% of the total GDP.

6. Untrained Teachers
The teachers in government schools are not well trained. People who do not get job in any
other sector, they try their luck in educational system. They are not professionally trained
teachers so they are unable to train a nation.

7. Poverty
Poverty is also another factor that restricts the parents to send their children to public or
private schools. So, they prefer to send their children to madrassas where education is totally
free.

Recently, minister of education announced a new Education policy for that next 10 years. The
interesting thing is that the previous educational policy from 1998 to 2010 is still not expired.
Although it is projected to give new plans and to make more promises with the nation. It is said
in this policy that all the public schools will be raised up to the level of private schools. No plan
of action have been discussed, yet a notice is issued to private schools to induct government
course in 5th and 8th class and these classes will bound to take board exams. This disturbed the
students of private sector also.

Solutions for Educational System

Estimating the value of education, the Government should take solid steps on this issue.
Implementation instead of projecting policies should be focused on. Allocation of funds should
be made easy from provinces to districts and then to educational institutes. Workshops must
be arranged for teachers. Foreign states are using LSS system. This should be inducted in
Pakistani schools to improve the hidden qualities of children. Technical education must be given
to all the classes. The education board of Punjab has projected a plan to give tech- education to
the children of industrial workers. Promotion of the primary education is the need of time.
Teachers, professors and educationists should be consulted while devising any plan, syllabus or
policy. The state seems to give up her responsibility and totally relying on private sector. The
need of time is to bring education in its original form to masses. Burdening students with so
much books will not work as he will not understand what the world is going to do next
moment. Education is the only cure of the instability in the state and can bring revolution
through evolution, by eradicating the social evils. This is how to remove illiteracy in Pakistan.

1. Lack of Schools and Colleges

Lack of good schools and colleges is the main educational problem in Pakistan. People want to
teach their children but they fail to do so because of the nonavailability of schools and colleges.
In Pakistan, most of the people live in villages. Schools and colleges are far from their houses.
They also have to face the problem of transport. In this way, many students give up study and
remain uneducated.

2. Poverty
Poverty is also a serious educational problem in Pakistan. Pakistan is a developing country. Here
people have to live from hand to mouth. Every member of the family has to do something to
support his family. Moreover, it is hard for poor people to bear the educational experiences of
the children. They want to educate their children but they failed to do so due to their poor
economic condition. In this way, poverty is a serious economic problem in Pakistan.
3. Nonavailability proper infrastructure in Schools
The nonavailability of basic needs in educational institutions is also a serious problem in our
country. In many institutions, there is a lack of basic facilities like pure water, rooms, transport,
and hostels. In this atmosphere, the students remain confused and deprived of education.

4. Shortage of Teaching staff

The nonavailability of well-qualified teachers is also a serious educational problem in Pakistan.
The government spends a very low budget for education. Due to this, there are many schools
without teachers. The teachers who are available are unaware of modern trends. They fail to
teach the students properly. This is also a very serious problem in our educational system.

5. Defective Examination System

The defective examination system is also a serious problem in our education system. There are
many faults in our examination system like cramming, cheating and leak out the paper before
exams. By using these unfair means the ordinary students get more marks than the hard-
working and intelligent students. This effects seriously on the minds of the learners.

6. Involvement of Students in Politics

Involvement of the students in politics. Many students directly start to take part in politics from
even the school level. This damages their study on a large scale. In this way, they spend their
time in useless activities. In this way, they fail to get good grades in the study.

7. Lack of Co-Curricular activities

Lack of healthy and co-curriculum activities is also a serious threat to our educational system. In
this age of competition, everyone is trying to get more and more marks. This competition is
holding among individuals as well as institutions. Therefore the institutions do not arrange the
competitions of games, speeches, and debates. This also affects thy physical growth of the
students or they remain physically unfit.

In our country, most of the parents want to make their children doctors or engineers. While
taking this decision the do not care for the natural tendency of the children. The students are
forced to study science subjects. In this way, the student remains confused and they are unable
to learn anything properly. This effects seriously on the psychology of the students.
8. lack of Technical Education
Lack of technical education is also a serious problem in our education system. In our country,
the number of educational institutions is very low. On the other hand, many people are not
aware of the importance of technical education. So they do not think about this branch of
knowledge. This is also a serious educational problem in our country.

Conclusion
In short, education plays an important role in the whole progress of the country. If a country
wants to make progress in economic, social, cultural and political fields the literary rate of that
country should be very high. No nation can make progress without education. So we try to give
a chance to every person to get more and more education. The government should build such
systems which are independent and self-sufficient in terms of production and consumption.
New essay on education and is written very weel

Abstract:

Education lays the foundation for political, social and economic development of any country.
A viable education system enables the nation to achieve its national goals. Pakistan as a
developing country has faced critical problems of education since its inception and
therefore, the system of education has failed to deliver according to the aspirations of the
nation. There are various factors responsible for this situation. This paper explores some of the
critical problems that have so far plagued the education system of Pakistan. On the basis
of critical review of available literature, the paper presents solutions to the existing problems of
the education system of Pakistan.

1.INTRODUCTION Education is the road to national development. It creates sense of

responsibility among the people. On the basis of education people not only realize their
duties but also know how to achieve their national, societal and individual rights. One of
the goals of education is to enable the people by enhancing their general consciousness
regarding their national and international position as global citizens. This realization
creates an atmosphere of trust and cooperation in the society. Education promotes
economic developmentand consequently people become prosperous and play their
respective roles in the overall national development [1]. Pakistan is a developing country.
Its economy is weak. There is lack of political stability in the country. Besides, the country is
in the deep grip of increasing political turmoil, expanding terrorism, incessant sectarian
violence, social instability, and economic degeneration. All these problems are directly or
indirectly the offshoot of a weak, polarized and non-unified education system.

Today Pakistan is faced with many problems such as poverty, insecurity, sectarianism and
terrorism [2]. The reasons for these problems are lack of tolerance, lack of general awareness
and illiteracy promoted by an ineffective education system. The vital role of education has been
neglected in Pakistan which has led to low development in all fields of life. Education has
been treated like a step child. The lowest budget has been awarded to the system of
education since the establishment of Pakistan which has weakened the foundation of the
quality in the education system. The education system, hence, has failed to raise the nation
economically, politically and socially. After lapse of half a century years and adoption of
more than 25 educational polices, still the education system has badly failed to take the
nation out of the increasing economic, political and social quagmire [3].
The problems associated with the education system of Pakistan are lack of adequate budget,
lack of policy implementation, defective examination system, poor physical facilities, lack of
teacher quality, lack of implementation of education policies, directionless education, low
enrollment, high scale dropouts, political interference, outdated curriculum, corruption, poor
management and supervision, lack of research, and lack of uniformity [4]. The above
mentioned problems could be solved by formulation of rational policies and plan and by
ensuring proper implementation of the policies [5]. Education is a nourishing force. It is
the constructive factor for any society [3]. Education enables people to work for their
development and growth. Hence education brings out the hidden potentialities of individuals
and develops them.

GOALS OF EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN The education system was envisioned by the founding
fathers as the driving force behind all national goals [5]. It was decided in the first
national education conference 1974 held at Karachi that the education system would work
according to the national aspirations of Pakistan. The education system would be truly related
to the needs of the people of Pakistan. The father of the nation Quiad-e- Azam Muhammad Ali
Jinnah the main goal of the education system of Pakistan was to develop national character of
Pakistani generation [6]. This national character would contain high sense of
responsibility, social integrity, selfless service to the nation and morality on the part of the
people of Pakistan.

For strengthening the role of education, various educational commissions were formed
and committees were constituted. But it is ironical to see that the implementation has been
very poor [5]. Because of this the quality of education in the country has suffered badly
instead of making progress. Anotherproblem which has affected negatively the system is the
widening gaps and distance between the educational institutions and community. Parental
involvement in the education process is vital for ensuring the quality aspect. Home is the
first school of a child. Without parental involvement in the process of education the
effective implementation of policies will remain a far cry. This will solve the problem of disparity
as well [1].

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION The education system of Pakistan

despite of towering claims and plans faces the following problems which are critically analyzed
below;

Lack of uniformity
The system of education in Pakistan according to Iqbal (1981) is not based on uniform principles
[5]. Different systems of education are simultaneously working in the country. The
curriculum is also not uniformed which has given birth to different schools of thoughts. For
example there is a world of difference between the attitudes of students coming out from the
public educational institutions, Deeni Madaris and the few private elite institutions. This trend
has accelerated the pace of polarization in the society. According to Zaki (1989) this is the
result of divisive Pakistani education system [1]. This system has created a huge gap among
the nation and even has deeply penetrated into the cultural veins of the nation. The
recent wave of terrorism and the increasing sectarian division are the logical
consequences of this divided system of education. As a result of this current polarized
system of education there has occurred a great social division in the society on political, social
and economic grounds rather than unity among the people which is cutting knee deep the
ideological and social foundation of the nation leading towards further divisions on linguistic
and regional grounds which can poetentailly damage the social cohesion and fabric of the
society [7].

Education without direction:

Pakistani education system due being directionless and weak has not been able to develop and
guide its people. (((((PAKISTANI students and young professionals lack essential work ethics, team-building
skills, sense of purpose and analytical thinking. )))There is lack of cohesion in the system and it is more

prone towards general education which does not bring any skilled manpower to the
market. The greatest challenge the country is facing is the lack of technical education (former
federal minister Abdul Razak Dawood, 2016). Resulting there is increasing unemployment
coupled with cultural and political unrest in the society. Besides, there is lack of educational
opportunities for science and technology. In this way the development of thinking, reasoning
and creativity of students is not being polished.

A sound education system is essential for every nation of the world [8]. Every nation
develops its generation on the basis of vigorous training and education on social,
political, economic and ideological grounds. Pakistani education system due being
directionless and weak has not been able to develop and guide its people on sound political and
social grounds. There is lack of cohesion in the system and it is more prone towards general
education which does not bring any skilled manpower to the market. Resulting there is
increasing unemployment. This situation may promote sense of deprivation among the
masses [9]. Due tothis there is cultural and political unrest in the society. Besides, there is
lack of educational opportunities for science and technology. In this way the development of
thinking, reasoning and creativity of students is not being polished.

Outdated curricula
Curriculum is the tool through which the goals of education are achieved. The
curriculum of education in Pakistan does not meet the demands of the current times. It is an
old and traditional curriculum which compels the learners to memorize certain facts and figures
without taking into consideration the reality that education is the holistic development of an
individual.
It places much emphasis on the psychology of the learner as well which cannot be negated in
the process of teaching and learning. The objectives of education must be developed the
psychological, philosophical and sociological foundations of education.
The present educational curriculum of Pakistan does not meet these modern standards of
education and research. Hence this curriculum is not promoting the interest of the learner for
practical work, research, scientific knowledge and reflective observation, rather, it emphasizes
on memory and theory [4].

Curriculum is the tool through which the goals of education are achieved. The
curriculum of education in Pakistan does not meet the demands of the current times. It is an
old and traditional curriculum which compels the learners to memorize certain facts and
figures without taking into consideration the reality that education is the holistic
development of an individual. It places much emphasis on the psychology of the learner as
well which cannot be negated in the process of teaching and learning. The objectives of
education must be developed the psychological, philosophical and sociological
foundations of education. The present educational curriculum of Pakistan does not
meet these modern standards of education and research. Hence this curriculum is not
promoting the interest of the learner for practical work, research, scientific knowledge and
reflective observation, rather, it emphasizes on memory and theory [4].

3.4 Lack of professional development of teachers

Training is essential for quality performance. Teaching is a challenging job. There is lack of
training opportunities for teachers in Pakistan. Although there various teacher training
institutes in the country. These institutes are either not well resourced or being poor run due to
lack of fund and trained human resource such trainers and administrators. There are no proper
training standards in the available training institutes around the country. Most of the
training institutes have been closed down due to lack of funds. The courses being run in
the teacher education intuitions are outdated and very traditional which does not
enhance the skills, motivation and quality of teachers [1].

3.5 Lack of quality teachers

Teacher is the backbone of education system. The quality of teachers in Pakistani
schools is deplorable. According to a UNESCO report, the quality of the teachers and
instruction in schools is of low quality [5]. This situation is grimmer in remote parts of Punjab,
Sindh and Baluchistan where even there are no teachers available in schools. Research has
found that teachers do not use new methods and strategies of teaching and learning [3].
Majority of the teachers do not know about lesson planning which renders them
incapable of dealing with various problems in the process of teaching and learning.
Teachers encouragecramming of the materials by students. Students do not know the use of
libraries in educational institutions. Thus the reading habits are decreasing among the
students. Teachers are highly responsible for all this mess. It is their professional
responsibility to guide the students towards book reading. Teachers rely on lecture
methods which do provide an opportunity to students to participate in the process of
education as active member. They only note does the information and memorize this just to
pass the examination. Thus students are evaluated on the basis of memorization of facts and
information rather than performance [10].

3.6 Alarming dropouts

Due to lack of effective management of schools there is lack of discipline in schools and
other educational institutions which leads to high scale dropouts of students. This trend
has increased to such an extent that there are now 40 lac students out of school due
to drop out in Pakistan. This trend according to Hayes (1989) is due to partly the
punishment in schools, poor motivating or unattractive school environment and partly due to
weak parenting on the part of parents [11]. Child labour and poverty is also one of
the reasons for dropouts form schools. An estimated 30 percent of children enrolled in primary
education reach to the matric level. This trend in Pakistan has added to the low literacy rate as
well [8].

3.7 System of examination Examination is the evaluation of student’s learning. It

should be based on qualitative and quantitative techniques to comprehensively evaluate
the performance of students. The standards must ensure validity and reliability of the
procedures used in the assessment process. The basic aim of assessment is to evaluate
the performance of students. The examination system of Pakistan is not only outdated
but it also does not have the quality to evaluate the performance of learners comprehensively.
The examination system of Pakistan tests only the memory of students. It does not evaluate
them in all aspects of learning [3]. Moreover, the examinations are influenced by external
and internal forces which have encouraged the trend of illegal practices such as unfair
means. As a result of this the examination system promotes rote learning and cramming
which negates the role of high intellectual power of learners in the education process such as
critical thinking, reflection, analytical skills and so on. It does not measure the actual
achievements and performance of students [6].

3.8 Poor supervisory standards

The role of supervision is to explore weaknesses or faults of teachers and showing a harsh
treatment in form of transfers to remote areas or even termination from services [12].
Supervision is the monitoring of teaching and learning. Through effective supervision
techniques the process of teaching and learning could be improved. The system of school
supervision is aimless. There is not only lack of supervisory activities in schools but the
process of supervision itself does not bring any positive results for teachers and students.
Supervision system is concerned with controlling and harassing the teachers rather than
providing help and guidance for improvement of performance [3].

3.9 Internal and external influences

Education system in Pakistan is not free from external and internal influences. Externally the
system has been made hostage to political interference and internally it is plagued by the
bureaucratic manipulations [13]. There is a greater favoritism and nepotism in matters of
transfers, appointments and promotions. Due to this the basic infrastructure of the education
system in Pakistan has affected [4].

3.10 Lack of resources

Education resources such as books, libraries and physical facilities are important for smooth
running of educational process. There are despairingly no facilities of books, libraries and
reading materials in all educational institutions of the country. Besides, there are
overcrowded classrooms, inadequate teachers and ill-equipped laboratories. This entire
grim situation has resulted in a despair and low standard education system [4].

3.11 Policy implementation

Since the inception of Pakistan a number of education policies were created. There has been
lack of political will on the part of successive government to implement the policies
vigorously. The policies were highly ambitious but could not be implemented in true letter
and spirit. There has been problem of corruption, lack of funds and gross inconsistency in
successive planning on the part of various political regimes in Pakistan. Moreover, in the
overall policy formulation teachers have been ignored. They are regarded asunimportant
element which has led to alienation between the teachers and the system of education [1].

3.12 Low budgetary allocation for education

Finance is considered the engine of any system. The education system of Pakistan has been
crippled mainly due to scarce finance. The successive governments have been giving less
than 2.5 percent budget to the education sector which is not sufficient for the growing
educational needs of the nation in the present changing times. In many of the
developing regional countries such as Sri Lanka and Bangladesh the budgetary allocation
for education has increased. But in Pakistan it is declining day by day [7]. According to
International Crisis group, Pakistan is amongst the 12 countries in the world that spent less
than 2 percent of their GDP on education sector [3]. With this insufficient budgetary
allocation, the country is hardly going to meet the targets of universalization of primary
education as a signatory to the Dakar Conference’s MDG goals by 2015 and onward.

3.13 Corruption
Among other causes, corruption is the main contributing factor which has deeply
affected the education system of Pakistan [8]. There is a weak system of check and balances
and accountability which has encouraged many criminal elements to misappropriate
funds, use of authority illegally and giving unnecessary favors in allocation of funds,
transfers, promotions and decision making. According to Transparency International,
Pakistan is included in the list of the most corrupt countries of the world [3]. Due to low
salaries, teachers in search of decent life standards and to keep their body and soul together
attempt to unfair means in the examination and matters relating to certificates, degrees and so
on.

4. CONCLUSION
This paper conludes that education develops people in all domains of life such as social,
moral, spiritual, political and economic. It is a dynamic force which enables every nation
to achieve its overall national goals. It is an established fact that countries that have
developed a sound system of education have a sound social and political system. With effective
educational systems many countries are playing a leadership role in the comity of nations. They
are enjoying their liberties and also are politically and economically free and developed. The
education system of Pakistan has not been able to play its role effectively in nation
building. This factor has contributed towards development of frustration among the
Pakistani society. The future generation of Pakistan is directionless due to defective education
system which has drastically failed to raise the nation on sound economic, social, political and
moral grounds.The directionless system of education is producing forces of degree holders
who are deficient in high order live skills such as reflection, critical thinking, analysis,
research and creativity. The education system instead has focused on feeding the
individuals with outdated information and knowledge which is less relevant to the
current fast changingworld. Students coming out of the Pakistani education system
are theoretically sound but have no skills to apply whatever they learn from their
institutions due to the traditional methods of teaching and learning.

Finaly, this study concludes that the there is an urgent need to reform the
system of education of Pakistan and for this purpose this study presents the following
recommendations

RECOMMENDATIONS

1.There should be sufficient budgetary allocation for education in the national

GDP. This will provide the system with resources to take fresh breath of life.

2.There should be quality institutions for the professional development of teachers

form primary to higher levels. For this purpose the existing system of teacher
education institutions must be provided with funds qualified human resources to run
programmes of training for teachers on periodical basis.
3.The system of accountability must be strengthened and all the professionals
associated with the system of education should be educated to own their responsibilities
on individual and collective basis. This help in creating a sense of ownership of the
system and its functions.

4.Curriculum should be evaluated on annual basis. In this regard a vast survey could
be conducted to seek opinions of teachers, parents and community regarding their
expectations and observations. In this light of this and the expert
recommendations of the educations researchers the curriculum goals should be
redefined and the such curriculum should be prepared which caters to the psyche and
needs of the society and the country without any discrimination of cast, color and creed.

5.There should be as less political interference as possible. This will allow the system to
function smoothly and without any discrimination. Frequent political intervention creates
gaps in the system which has led to corruption and other evils.

6.Polices should be implemented without any delay of time and resources.

There should be a strong political will on the part of the government to
implement polices without any delay. Poor policy implementation has led to
creation of gaps and trust deficit on the part of the public and government
agencies.

7.Examination system should be made free form the mafia of unfair means,
corruption and illegal gratifications. For this purpose the system of supervision
and inspection could be improved both physically and theoretically. The government
should enhance the salaries and the education professionals so that their tendencies
are not diverted towards evil means of getting favors and support.

8.The culture of research should be promoted within educational institutions. For this
purpose the pace of research oriented programs in teaching and learning should
be accelerated in educational institutions around the country especially at higher
levels. Government should increase the volume of funding to higher education
commission for this purpose.

Reference:

REFERENCES[1]Zaki W. M., “Evaluation of Education Plans and Projects”, Islamabad,

National Book Foundation, 1989. [2]Save the Children & UNICEF “Disciplining The
Child Practices and Impacts”, NWFP: School & Lietarcy Department, 2005.
[3]Rehman H. and Khan N., “The flaws in Pakistan’s Education System”, Abasyn
Journal of Social Sciences, vol/issue: 4(1), 2011. [4]Louis D. H., “The crises of
Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Vanguard Book Ltd., 1987. [5]Iqbal M., “Education in
Pakistan”, Lahore, Aziz publishers, 1981. [6]Qurashi I. H., “Education in Pakistan”,
Karachi, Ma,aref LTD, 1975. [7]Sayan, Fida, and Hussain, “Pakistan existing
education system”, 2008. Retrieved from Retrieved from
www.eric.articles/pak/edu on dated 2012, July 18. [8]Naseem J. Q., “Problem of
Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Royal Book Company, 1990. [9]Government of
Pakistan, Ministry of Education. “National Assessment Findings”, Islamabad,
National Education System, 2006. [10]SPARC, “State of Pakistan’s Children”.
Islamabad: SPARC, 2005. [11]UNICEF, “Coproal Punishment in Schols in South Asia,
Committee on The Rights of Child,”. Regional Office for South Asia, 2001. [12]Illahi M.
K., “The Role of the Heads of the Secondary Schools, Unpublished thesis, Allama Iqbal
Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1986. [13]Mazhar H., “Good Supervision Key to
Quality Education”, The Dawn, Karachi, pp. 23, 2011.

Nextttttttt

Education System in Pakistan Issues and Problems:

Low Budget Allocation:
Corruption:
Political Instability:
Terrorism and Insecurity:
Untrained Teachers:
Lack of Check and Balance:
Poor Infrastructure:
Poverty:

Education System in Pakistan Issues and Problems:

Despite the introduction and implementation of around two dozen policies and plans,
the education system in Pakistan is facing numerous issues and problems of grave
nature. The literacy rate is still below 60% (2016) which puts a question mark on the
effectiveness of the learning infrastructure in the country.
Some of the major education system in Pakistan issues and problems are listed below:
Low Budget Allocation:
Pakistan is one of the countries in the world with lowest budgetary allocation for
education. She spends only 2% of its national GDP on education. Consequently,
millions of children are out of school in the country, i.e. they are deprived of their
fundamental (constitutional) right to free and compulsory education. So, the
budgetary allocation for education should be increased from 2 to 7 percent.
Corruption:
While the budget for education is already insufficient, the corrupt elements in the
management structure further aggravate the situation by filling their pockets through
 illegitimate means. So, corruption can be regarded as one of the major factors
contributing to the failure of educational policies in Pakistan.
Political Instability:
The unstable political environment also affects the efficiency of education system in
Pakistan. Political agitations pose hindrance to the implementation of government
policies for improving the standard and quality of learning.
Terrorism and Insecurity:
In the recent past, the country has witnessed a wave of inhuman terrorist attacks on
the educational institutions. For example, in the years from 2009 to 2013, as many as
642 attacks were launched by the enemies of education and of humanity. So, the
parents feel reluctant to send their children to school. On the other hand, the school
going children have to study in an insecure and fearful environment which affects the
quality of education.
Untrained Teachers:
As less educated and untrained teachers are employed in the schools, they are unable
to impart a good quality education to the students.
Lack of Check and Balance:
The lack of proper check and balance promotes negligent behavior on the part of the
administrators, educationists and the educators. If the individuals shirking from their
responsibilities are brought to book, the education system in Pakistan can significantly
be improved.
Poor Infrastructure:
The poor infrastructure, poorly equipped classrooms and debilitating learning
environment make major contribution to the inability and failure of education system
in Pakistan to deliver the desired results.
Poverty:
Though the government has launched educational reforms to make the education
totally free for the children from poor backgrounds, poverty is still a big hindrance on
the way to education. The poor parents prefer making their children economic
supporters of the family rather than sending them to schools.
Other education in Pakistan issues and problems include unequal standards of
education in the public and private section institutions, lack of technical education,
regional disparity, unequal educational opportunities for male and female students,
and so on.

Nextttttttt just outline

OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Education – The Basic Need
 Objects of Education
 Importance of Education
 Key Performance Indicators for Education Systems
 Education System in Pakistan
 Problems of Education in Pakistan
 The medium of Education
 The disparity of System at Provincial Level
 Gender Discrimination
 Lack of Technical Education
 Low Allocation of Funds
 Inefficient Teachers
 Poverty
 Corruption
 Social Imbalance
 Mismanagement of System
 Infrastructure Problems
 Private School System
 Lack of Educational Policies
 Increase in Population
 Lack of Attention of the Authorities
 Lack of Uniform Educational System
 The medium of Instruction
 Education as a Business
 Delay in the Renewal of Policies and Syllabus
 Political Interference
 Suggested Solutions for Education System in Pakistan
 English should be a Medium of Instruction
 Talented and Qualified Staff
 Fulfil the Lack of Teachers
 Primary Education Should be Made Compulsory
 Increase in Teachers Incentives
 Translation of Foreign Research to Local Language
 Check on Distinctive Education
 Scholarships and Financial Support to Students
 Special Financial Packages
 Betterment of Education Policies
 Infusion of Technical Education
 Promotion of Primary Education
 Conclusion

The literacy rate measures the percentage of people aged 15 and

above who are able to read and write. In 2017, Pakistan's total
literacy rate was around 59 percent, with less than 47 percent of
women being literate and more than 71 percent of men.
(H. Plecher,Literacy rate from 2006 to 2017 Nov 17, 2020
Statista)

Lack of uniform educational system

The system of education in Pakistan is not based on uniform principles. Different systems of
education are simultaneously working in the country and the curriculum is also not uniformed
which has given birth to different schools of thoughts. Prime Minister Imran khan said, in the
past no attempt was made to introduce a uniform education system as there was no political
will. He added, there are three education systems in the country: English medium, public
schools and madressahs in which different education is imparted to students (PM Imran Khan,
On NA floor, June, 202). This system has created a huge gap among the nation and even has
deeply penetrated into the cultural veins of the nation.