This document discusses different types of proofs in mathematics including:
- Direct proof, contrapositive proof, proof by contradiction, and others.
- It provides examples of statements and identifies the appropriate type of proof to use.
- It also covers types of sets such as finite, infinite, empty sets, and converting between roster and set-builder forms.
This document discusses different types of proofs in mathematics including:
- Direct proof, contrapositive proof, proof by contradiction, and others.
- It provides examples of statements and identifies the appropriate type of proof to use.
- It also covers types of sets such as finite, infinite, empty sets, and converting between roster and set-builder forms.
This document discusses different types of proofs in mathematics including:
- Direct proof, contrapositive proof, proof by contradiction, and others.
- It provides examples of statements and identifies the appropriate type of proof to use.
- It also covers types of sets such as finite, infinite, empty sets, and converting between roster and set-builder forms.
MathematicsMCQ’s Set) By Muhammad Sohaib Yousaf Types of Proofs • Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then square of n is not odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “(square of n) is not odd.” For direct proof we should prove _________ a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n)) b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n)) c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n)) d) ∀nP ((n) → ~(Q(n))) Types of Proofs • Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then square of n is not odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “(square of n) is not odd.” For direct proof we should prove _________ a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n)) b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n)) c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n)) d) ∀nP ((n) → ~(Q(n))) View Answer • Answer: a Explanation: Definition of direct proof Types of Proofs • Which of the following can only be used in disproving the statements? a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Counter Example d) Mathematical Induction Types of Proofs • Which of the following can only be used in disproving the statements? a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Counter Example d) Mathematical Induction View Answer • Answer: c Explanation: Counter examples cannot be used to prove results Types of Proofs • Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then sum of n with some not odd number will not be odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “sum of n with some not odd number will not be odd.” A proof by contraposition will be ________ a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n)) b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n)) c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n)) d) ∀n(~Q ((n)) → ~(P(n))) Types of Proofs • Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then sum of n with some not odd number will not be odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “sum of n with some not odd number will not be odd.” A proof by contraposition will be ________ a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n)) b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n)) c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n)) d) ∀n(~Q ((n)) → ~(P(n))) View Answer • Answer: d Explanation: Definition of proof by contraposition Types of Proofs • When to proof P→Q true, we proof P false, that type of proof is known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Vacuous proof d) Mathematical Induction . Types of Proofs • When to proof P→Q true, we proof P false, that type of proof is known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Vacuous proof d) Mathematical Induction View Answer • Answer: c Explanation: Definition of vacuous proof. Types of Proofs • In proving √5 as irrational, we begin with assumption √5 is rational in which type of proof? a) Direct proof b) Proof by Contradiction c) Vacuous proof d) Mathematical Induction View Answer • Answer: b Explanation: Definition of proof by contradiction. Types of Proofs • In proving √5 as irrational, we begin with assumption √5 is rational in which type of proof? a) Direct proof b) Proof by Contradiction c) Vacuous proof d) Mathematical Induction Types of Proofs • A proof covering all the possible cases, such type of proofs are known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Proof by Contradiction c) Vacuous proof d) Exhaustive proof Types of Proofs • A proof covering all the possible cases, such type of proofs are known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Proof by Contradiction c) Vacuous proof d) Exhaustive proof View Answer • Answer: d Explanation: Definition of exhaustive proof. Types of Proofs • Which of the arguments is not valid in proving sum of two odd number is not odd. a) 3 + 3 = 6, hence true for all b) 2n +1 + 2m +1 = 2(n+m+1) hence true for all c) All of the mentioned d) None of the mentioned Types of Proofs • Which of the arguments is not valid in proving sum of two odd number is not odd. a) 3 + 3 = 6, hence true for all b) 2n +1 + 2m +1 = 2(n+m+1) hence true for all c) All of the mentioned d) None of the mentioned View Answer • Answer: a Explanation: Some examples are not valid in proving results Types of Proofs • A proof broken into distinct cases, where these cases cover all prospects, such proofs are known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Vacuous proof d) Proof by cases Types of Proofs • A proof broken into distinct cases, where these cases cover all prospects, such proofs are known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Vacuous proof d) Proof by cases View Answer • Answer: c Explanation: Definition of proof by cases. Types of Proofs • A proof that p → q is true based on the fact that q is true, such proofs are known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Trivial proof d) Proof by cases Types of Proofs • A proof that p → q is true based on the fact that q is true, such proofs are known as ___________ a) Direct proof b) Contrapositive proofs c) Trivial proof d) Proof by cases View Answer • Answer: c Explanation: Definition of trivial proof. Types of Proofs • A theorem used to prove other theorems is known as _______________ a) Lemma b) Corollary c) Conjecture d) None of the mentioned Types of Proofs • A theorem used to prove other theorems is known as _______________ a) Lemma b) Corollary c) Conjecture d) None of the mentioned View Answer • Answer: a Explanation: Definition of lemma Types of Set • {x: x is an integer neither positive nor negative} is ________ a) Empty set b) Non-empty set c) Finite set d) Non- empty and Finite set Types of Set • {x: x is an integer neither positive nor negative} is ________ a) Empty set b) Non-empty set c) Finite set d) Non- empty and Finite set View Answer • Answer: d Explanation: Set = {0} non-empty and finite set Types of Set • {x: x is a real number between 1 and 2} is an ________ a) Infinite set b) Finite set c) Empty set d) None of the mentioned Types of Set • {x: x is a real number between 1 and 2} is an ________ a) Infinite set b) Finite set c) Empty set d) None of the mentioned View Answer • Answer: a Explanation: It is an infinite set as there are infinitely many real number between any two different real numbers. Types of Set • Write set {1, 5, 15, 25,…} in set-builder form. a) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a real number} b) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a integer} c) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is an odd natural number} d) {x: x=5n, where n is a natural number} Types of Set • Write set {1, 5, 15, 25,…} in set-builder form. a) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a real number} b) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a integer} c) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is an odd natural number} d) {x: x=5n, where n is a natural number} View Answer • Answer: c Explanation: Set should include 1 or an odd multiple of 5. Types of Set • Number of power set of {a, b}, where a and b are distinct elements. a) 3 b) 4 c) 2 d) 5 Types of Set • Number of power set of {a, b}, where a and b are distinct elements. a) 3 b) 4 c) 2 d) 5 View Answer • Answer: b Explanation: Power set of {a, b} = {∅, {a, b}, {a}, {b}} Types of Set • Which of the following is subset of set {1, 2, 3, 4}? a) {1, 2} b) {1, 2, 3} c) {1} d) All of the mentioned Types of Set • Which of the following is subset of set {1, 2, 3, 4}? a) {1, 2} b) {1, 2, 3} c) {1} d) All of the mentioned View Answer • Answer: d Explanation: There are total 16 subsets. Types of Set A = { ,{ },2,{2,∅},3}, which of the following is true? • ∅∅ a) {{∅,{∅ }} ∈ A b) {2} ∈A c) ∅ ⊂A d) 3 ⊂A Types of Set • A = { ,{ },2,{2,∅},3}, which of the following is true? ∅∅ a) {{∅,{∅ }} ∈ A b) {2} ∈A c) ∅ ⊂A d) 3 ⊂A View Answer • Answer: c Explanation: Empty set is a subset of every set Types of Set • Subset of the set A= { } is? a) A b) {} c) ∅ d) All of the mentioned Types of Set • Subset of the set A= { } is? a) A b) {} c) ∅ d) All of the mentioned View Answer • Answer: d Explanation: Every set is subset of itself and Empty set is subset of each set. Types of Set • ∈ {x: x N and x is prime} then it is ________ a) Infinite set b) Finite set c) Empty set d) Not a set Types of Set • ∈ {x: x N and x is prime} then it is ________ a) Infinite set b) Finite set c) Empty set d) Not a set View Answer • Answer: a Explanation: There is no extreme prime, number of primes is infinite Types of Set • Convert set {x: x is a positive prime number which divides 72} in roster form. a) {2, 3, 5} b) {2, 3, 6} c) {2, 3} d) {∅} Types of Set • Convert set {x: x is a positive prime number which divides 72} in roster form. a) {2, 3, 5} b) {2, 3, 6} c) {2, 3} d) {∅} View Answer • Answer: c Explanation: 2 and 3 are the divisors of 72 which are prime