THESIS TITLE TO BE TYPED USING

ALL CAPITAL LETTERS

IN A PYRAMIDAL

FORM

A Thesis Presented to

the Faculty of the Criminal Justice Education

University of the Cordilleras

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

(specify the academic program being pursued)

by

FIRST NAME MIDDLE NAME FAMILY NAME

Month and Year of the defense

 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis/dissertation entitled TYPE TITLE IN CAPITAL

LETTERS prepared and submitted by FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL
FAMILY NAME in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of TYPE DEGREE IN CAPITAL LETTERS, has been examined and
is recommended for acceptance and approval for oral examination.

NAME OF ADVISER, Degree

Adviser

Thesis Committee

Member Chairperson

NAME, Degree
Dean, CCJE
 THESIS ABSTRACT

Title: ALL CAPITALS

1.1 Total No. of Pages:

1.2 Text No. of Pages:

Researcher: ALL CAPITALS

Type of Document: Thesis

Type of Publication: Unpublished

Accrediting Institution: University of the Cordilleras

Funding Agency:

Keywords:

Abstract:

Rationale/Background

Give a brief discussion of the rationale and objectives of

the research study.

Summary

Include the research problems, hypotheses, methodology and

statistical treatment of data.

Major Findings

The following are the major findings of the study:

1.

2.

3.

4.
 Thesis Abstract

Conclusions

In light of the findings of the study, the following

are the conclusions:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Recommendations

In relation with the findings and conclusions of this

research, the following are recommended:

1.

2.

3.

4.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Make an introductory sentence or preliminary sentence

about this page as part of the thesis. Acknowledge those

who you think have contributed to your work. Always use

the third person point of view.

Mention the name, and how this person has helped you;

Followed by the next person, and so on.

Limit this part to two (2) pages only.

Thank you very much.

3 single spaces from the last line

Your INITIALS
 DEDICATION

This page is intended for those to whom the researcher

wants to dedicate his/her work. The first person point of

view is allowed.

nickname
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF FIGURE/S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study . . . . . . . . .

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework . . . .

Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses .

DESGIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design and Methodology . . . . .

Population and Locale of the Study . . . .

Data Gathering Tools . . . . . . . . . . .

Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . .

Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . .
 Table of Contents
7

CHAPTER Page

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Xxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . .

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . .

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDICES

A xxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

B xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C xxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CURRICULUM VITAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Table Title Page

1 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 xxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 xxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 xxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

The background of the study gives an overview of what

the research is all about. This part of the research study

presents a situational analysis of the topic at hand,

particularly giving clear global, national, regional and

local scenarios. Issues, contradictory results, reactions, as

well as controversies about the chosen topic will have to be

discussed fully providing scientific reasons for the

need to undertake a research on the topic. Citations are

needed in this part of the thesis/dissertation.

In addition, the discussion should be done very

thoroughly, indicating the rationale and objectives of the

research study.

This portion of the research study should clearly

indicate its “why” aspect in order to fully establish the

need for the study. It is at this portion of the paper that the

review of literature has to be mentioned. The literatures shall

strengthen the need to conduct the study. It is best to use

literatures within the past 10 years. Journals, theses,

dissertations, magazines, newspapers, speeches and other

publications are very good source.

 In the development of ideas and presentation of facts,

the importance of the study has to be stated specifying the

beneficiaries of the research. In every paragraph, the

researcher should be able to identify those who will benefit

from the work and how each of them will benefit from it.

Take note however, that there are no side headings

used for importance of the study, objectives, and review

of literature. All these are integrated into the discussion

and presentation of the background of the study.

Indention should always be five spaces. The first

character of the first word should be typed on the sixth

space.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

This portion of the paper has to follow/reflect the

thematic organization or approach of all theories

supporting the research study. As described, the

theoretical framework is a logical and systematic

presentation of the theories that lend support to the topic

at hand. Only theories relevant to each of the research

problems are discussed. It is advisable to use center

and side headings, or even paragraph headings whenever

necessary. This portion is very important because the

theories shall help in the interpretation of the research

findings. In addition to the theories, concepts have to be

presented. It is at this portion of the paper that

terms used will have to be defined. The definition of terms

becomes part of the entire theoretical framework. As a term is

mentioned, it has to be defined in its operational dimension.

Note that there is no side heading for definition of terms. The

terms are incorporated in the discussion of the theories being

used.

The three types of headings are illustrated below:

Center heading

Side Heading

Xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.

Paragraph heading. Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxx xx. Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx.

Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses

The main problem is presented first in one paragraph

using a declarative sentence.

This is followed by the specific problems, with an

introductory sentence and numbered. All specific research

Introduction
#
problems are in interrogative sentences.

Every research hypothesis is presented corresponding to

its research problem. Only specific problems shall have their

respective hypothesis. The hypothesis for each research

problem shall state an answer to each. At times, depending

on the nature of the research work, a hypothesis may not be

applicable. Take note that there is no null hypothesis in

this part of the research. All null hypotheses are placed in

Chapter 2 under treatment of data.

An example is provided below:

The main aim of this study is to find out whether or

not a significant correlation exists between values and

teaching styles of faculty members in teacher education

institutions in the City of Baguio.

Specifically, it shall seek to answer the following

questions:

What are the most preferred and most practiced

instrumental and terminal values of the respondents ?

a. To what extent do the instrumental values

determine the terminal values ?

b. How do the instrumental and terminal values of

the respondents significantly vary according to the

moderating variables of: gender; age; educational attainment;

Introduction
#
teaching classifications and subject assignment ?

Hypothesis:

The most preferred and most practiced

instrumental value is “being loving” while the terminal value

is “salvation.”

a. Instrumental values determine the terminal

values to a great extent.

b. Instrumental and terminal values

significantly vary according to the moderating variables of:

gender; age; educational attainment; number of years of

teaching experience; teaching status; teaching

classifications and subject assignment.

2. What teaching style is preferred by the respondents?

a. How do their teaching styles significantly vary

according to the moderating variables ?

Hypothesis:

The humanist orientation teaching style is

preferred by the respondents.

a. The respondents’ teaching styles

significantly vary according to the moderating variables.

3. What is the level of correlation between:

a. moderating variables and respondents’

instrumental and terminal values?

 b. instrumental and terminal values and teaching

styles?

Hypothesis:

There is a high positive correlation between:

a. moderating variables and respondents’

instrumental and terminal values.

b. instrumental and terminal values and

teaching styles.

Chapter 2
 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Write an introductory sentence for this chapter.

Research Design and Methodology

State and explain the research method used and why it

was chosen. Be specific about the research method, whether

it is descriptive, experimental or historical. Mention also

the approach/es used in the study. For instance, if the

descriptive method is used, state whether the study adopted

survey, correlational, case study, evaluative, comparative,

content analysis, or normative – survey. The narrative

description should mention what the research method is all

about and how the variables are reflected using such research

method.

Population and Locale of the Study

Give a narrative presentation to include the population

of the study, as well as the sample population, if sampling is

determined. Describe the respondents as to profile vis-à-vis

information contained in the research. Include the sampling

technique used in the choice of the respondents. Show the

formula used indicative of the population and the sample

size.
 Design and Methodology
#

In the narrative description of the respondents, specify

the reason/s that they were chosen. Whenever possible, a

tabular presentation of the respondents’ characteristics may

be done after its textual explanation.

Table 1

Profile

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Total

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Total - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Data Gathering Tool

Present a narrative description of the data gathering

instrument. The description is focused on the kind of items

in the instrument, how items are answered, and how it was

constructed. Be very clear on the basis/bases of the

items of the instrument, be it a questionnaire, observation

guide, or interview schedule. The validation process has to

be explained thoroughly, whenever applicable. It is worth

mentioning the instrument’s reliability and validity

coefficients and the type of validity and reliability used.

In case the data gathering instrument was not

constructed, but is a ready-made tool, like a rating

scale or a psychological test, it is still necessary to

mention its reliability and validity levels and the processes

undertaken by the author. Proper citation about the author is

expected.

Append a copy of the instrument in the appendix portion.

Data Gathering Procedure

Give a narrative description on the steps undertaken in data

gathering. The discussion should include the specifics of the

procedures of the entire research process.

Treatment of Data

For quantitative research, all statistical tools have to

be presented including how these were used and their

formulae. Hand-in-hand with the statistical tools are the

corresponding null hypotheses, if these were the bases in the

analysis of the findings.

An introductory sentence of the chapter is made before

the explanation on treatment of data.

 An example of a statistical tool is found below:

ANOVA. This was used to test the null hypothesis which

states that there is no significant correlation xxxxxxx xxxxx

xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx. The formula is:

TSS = EX2 (EX)

N

SSR = 1 Erj2 – (EX)2

R N

SSC = 1 Ci –(EX)
r N

SSE = TSS –SSR –SSC

F = Mean Squares between rows

Mean Squares error

where:

N = total number of respondents

TSS = total sum of squares

SSR = sum of squares between rows (Rj)

SSC = sum of squares between columns (Ci)

SSE = error sum of squares

All scales of measure of research variables have to be

placed under this part of the manuscript.

 Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Make an introductory paragraph about this chapter.

Narrative description of findings are discussed before

the tabular presentation of data. Avoid reading of tables,

instead, analysis and interpretation of data shall focus on

implications, meanings and reasons that these are so.

Discussions have to go beyond data.

It is important to note that implications and meanings of

data refer to the ‘why” aspect of such findings. Explanations are

necessarily made in order to provide meanings to the findings.

For instance, if there happens to be a significant difference on

the level of performance of female students in mathematics

reasons for this have to be presented. Explanations may be

anchored on a general statement that the male group performs

better in mathematics, but is not so in this particular research

finding.

Confirmation or disconfirmation of the research hypotheses

and/or acceptance or rejection of the null hypotheses are stated

with corresponding implications, too.

 Corroboration of findings is necessary to support and

confirm the current research finding. Results of past researches

and theories have to be cited properly and related

to the research at hand. In cases where there happen to be

contradictory results between or among past researches, present

research and theories, then, explanations need to be presented,

too.

A common error to be avoided in the analysis and

interpretation of data is when recommendations are stated in this

chapter.

After all data have been presented, analyzed and interpreted

on a per problem basis, a synthesis of the findings is made.

Synthesis means a discussion of the interrelationship of

findings. This provides generalizations

about the entire study (Clinching Paragraph).

Note: Separate your findings (results) from your analysis and

interpretation (discussions).
 Chapter 4

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations of

this research.

Conclusions

Conclusions are generalizations based on major findings.

These are not repetitions of the major findings. These should be

presented on a one-on-one correspondence with the findings based

on specific research problems.

Recommendations

Recommendations shall be made vis-à-vis findings of the

study. Again, the sequence of the recommendations shall follow

that of the major findings. After these have been mentioned,

other recommendations that may be offshoots of the findings shall

be included. All recommendations shall contain some specifics,

focused on the “how” aspect and why such recommendations are

needed.

Adopted from: UC Graduate School , Colloquim Guide (2006).