05/12/2014

Overview of Changes to CSA O86-2014 &

Structural Design Provisions for Mid-Rise in OBC

Wood Solutions Fair, 2014, Toronto

Jasmine Wang, Ph.D., P.Eng.

Canadian Wood Council

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Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation
without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© Canadian Wood Council 2014

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Program Education Credit Information

The Canadian Wood Council is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of
Architects. This course meets Continuing Education System requirements for one
Learning Unit. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES
Records for AIA members who provided their member number during the online
registration. This course also qualifies as Structured Learning with OAA.
Certificates of Completion for OAA members, and all other delegates, will be
emailed after the event. We will also report participation to the Engineering
Institute of Canada on behalf of any engineers who requested their participation be
recorded.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education.
As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method
or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
The same is true for the OAA and EIC. Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Outline
 Mid-rise Related Changes in Building Codes
 Overview of Changes to CSA O86-2014
 Technical Resources for Engineering Design for Mid-Rise

Photo credit: Steven Street, WoodWORKS!ON

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Mid-rise Related Changes in Building Codes

 National (proposed) and Provincial building codes allow wood

construction of up to 6 storeys
 Firstly adopted in amendment to 2006 BCBC in 2009
 Proposed for 2015 NBCC
 Different fire provisions
 Essentially the same structural/seismic provisions but with broader
scope
 Recently adopted by OBC
 Different fire requirements
 The same structural/seismic provisions as NBCC 2015

Mid-rise Related Changes in NBCC 2015 & OBC

- Structural/Seismic Design Aspects
 Restrictions on irregularities (Sentence 4.1.8.10.(4))
 For medium and high seismic zones (IEFaSa(0.2)>=0.35), Type 4 or 5 Irregularities
are not allowed in 5 or 6 storeys of continuous wood construction

(a) (b)
(a) offset: Shear wall location moves
(b) lateral stiffness: Shear wall has more openings in a storey below

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Mid-rise Related Changes in NBCC 2015 & OBC

- Structural/Seismic Design Aspects
 Increased static design force level (Sentence 4.1.8.11.(11))
 Only for seismic design;
 If the empirical code period is used, no need to increase the base shear
 When the fundamental period is determined using established methods of mechanics
other than the empirical code period, the static base shear shall be increased by 20%, but
need not exceed the maximum.
 Increased dynamic design force level (Sentence 4.1.8.12.(12))
 Only for seismic design;
 Having a fundamental period as determined using established methods of mechanics
other than the empirical code period, the base shear shall be the larger of dynamic
design force and 100% of static design force.

Outline
 Mid-rise Related Changes in Building Codes
 Overview of Changes to CSA O86-2014
 Technical Resources for Engineering Design for Mid-Rise

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Overview of CSA O86-2014 Changes

 Published in July 2014 (PDF format)

 Mid-rise related changes
 Shear resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms
 Shear and bending moment resistance of glulam
 Withdrawal resistance of lag screws
 Other changes

Mid-Rise Related Changes in CSA O86-2014

 Requirements for Anticipated Building Movements due to Moisture

Content Change
 Requirements for Calculation of Deflection for Multi-Storey Shearwalls
 Requirements for Shearwalls Using Gypsum Wallboard
 Shear Resistance of High Capacity Shearwalls and Diaphragms

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Requirements for Anticipated Building Movements due to

Moisture Content Change
 O86-2014 Clause 5.4.6 Building movements due to moisture content change

 O86-2014 Clause A.5.4.6 Shrinkage and swelling of wood members

 Information on the effect of shrinkage on differential movements and overall lateral drift calculations &
how to mitigate shrinkage
 Information on areas that should be paid attention to:

 Information on how to estimate shrinkage

Requirements for Anticipated Building Movements due to MC Change

 Estimate of shrinkage

 In multi-storey wood frame buildings

 Shrinkage occurs mainly in horizontal members
 Cumulative shrinkage in studs (parallel to grain) may be considerable in 5 & 6-storey buildings
Table 2: Estimated vertical movement in a 5-storey building (mm)
Examples:
Table 1: Estimated vertical movement in a 4-storey building (mm)

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Shrinkage in multi-storey wood buildings

 Shrinkage can contribute to overall lateral drift

 Interstorey drift ratio may become the governing
factor
 2.5% for earthquake design (normal occupancy)
 0.2% for wind design
CTUD
 Can be mitigated by
 Using shrinkage compensators, and
 Using material subjected to less dimensional
change

TUD

Shrinkage Take-Up Devices

(Source: Simpson Strong-Tie)

Requirements for Calculation of Deflection for Multi-

Storey Shearwalls
 Current equation in CSA O86-09 applies to single-storey shearwall segments
 Clause 11.7.1 (CSA O86-2014) Deflections of shearwalls
 In the calculation of deflection for multi-storey shearwalls, multi-storey effects shall be
considered
 Note: See Clause A.11.7.1 for additional information on multi-storey effects
 Clause A.11.7.1 Deflection of shearwalls in multi-storey buildings
 A purely mechanics-based approach;
 Appropriate for a typical shearwall cantilevered from its base and stacked for the full height;
 Comprised of interstorey drift due to bending, panel shear, nail slip and vertical elongation of
the wall anchorage system;
 Takes into account the cumulative rotational effects from the storeys below;
 The methodology is the same as the one given in APEGBC Bulletin.

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Deflection of single-storey shearwalls

v = maximum shear force per unit length due to specified lateral loads
H
ens == nail
shearwall segment
deformation forheight
a particular load
Hshear
v = maximum sper
= shearwall
nail (Table
force segment
per 8.2
unitoflength
WDM)
height
due to specified lateral loads
A
Hs==cross-sectional area height
shearwall segment of chord members Ls segment
= length of shearwall segment
Hs = shearwall height
E = modulus of elasticity of chords
da = total verticalrigidity
Bv = shear-through-thickness elongation of the
(Tables 7.3 wall
A~C anchorage
of CSA O86)system
Ls = length of shearwall segment

Deflection of shearwalls in multi-storey buildings

 Bending  Anchorage system elongation

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Deflection of shearwalls in multi-storey buildings

 Fastener slip, en, for shearwall and diagram deflection calculation (Clause A.11.7 O86-2014)
 en table was replaced with one equation

1. For nails used in wood-based

sheathing with dry lumber:

2. Multiply by 2 for green

lumber

3. en may be taken as 0.76

mm for GWB with dry lumber

Requirements for Shearwalls Using Gypsum Wallboard

 O86-2014 Clause 11.8.8 Seismic design requirements for shearwalls using
gypsum wallboard
 Gypsum wallboard shall not be considered to provide lateral resistance when the
interstorey drift ratio exceeds 1%.
 For buildings higher than 4 storeys the contribution of the gypsum wallboard shall not
be accounted for in seismic resistance.
Different from APEGBC Bulletin

 O86-2014 Clause 11.8.9 Load bearing walls constructed with gypsum

wallboard only
 When interstorey drift exceeds 1% the design should be based on the assumption that
GWB provides no lateral support to studs.
 Alternatively a secondary blocking system shall be used

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Shear Resistance of Shear Resistance of High Capacity

Shearwalls and Diaphragms
 Clause 11.5.1, 11.5.2 & 11.5.3.4 of CSA O86-2014:
 A mechanics-based approach was adopted to calculate the shear
resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms
 Makes it possible for designers to design for high capacity shearwalls
& diaphragms
 Mid-panel shearwalls
 Diaphragms with multiple rows of fasteners

Overview of CSA O86-2014 Changes

 Published in July 2014 (PDF format)

 Mid-rise related changes
 Shear resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms
 Shear and bending moment resistance of glulam
 Withdrawal resistance of lag screws
 Other changes

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Shear resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms

 Tabulated values in CSA O86-09
 Based on test data
 Limited to assemblies constructed with dimension lumber, common nail and sheathing of discrete
thicknesses
 A mechanics based approach was adopted in CSA O86-2014
 Shear resistance of shearwall/diaphragm sheathed with wood-based structural panels governed by the
smaller of:
 Sheathing-to-framing connection
 For seismic design nail shall be designed to fail in the modes where plastic hinge(s) form to ensure sufficient ductility

 Sheathing panel buckling

 Advantages
 More engineering sense
 More flexibility in terms of the assemblies
 High capacity shearwalls and diaphragms: mid-panel shearwalls and diaphragms with multiple rows of fasteners

Shear resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms

 Sheathing-to-framing connection

 Sheathing panel buckling

Seismic
design

Selection tables will be provided in

WDM 2015

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High capacity shearwalls and diaphragms

 Mid-panel shearwalls – double shear  Diaphragms with multiple rows of fasteners

ns = 2
Stud or
Plate Sheathing

89 mm 38 mm 38 mm

Grain Stud or
direction Plate

Nail in Nail in double

single shear shear

Overview of CSA O86-2014 Changes

 Published in July 2014 (PDF format)

 Mid-rise related changes
 Shear resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms
 Shear and bending moment resistance of glulam
 Withdrawal resistance of lag screws
 Other changes

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Bending Moment Resistance of Glulam

 Design provisions in CSA O86-09

 Design provisions in CSA O86-2014

Shear resistance of glulam with tension side notch at supports

 Design provisions in CSA O86-09 (Clause 6.5.7.2.1)

 Design provisions in CSA O86-2014 (Clause 7.5.7.4)

 Longitudinal shear resistance of residual member above notch
 Tension side notch not exceeding 0.25d
 Within a distance “d” from the inner edge of the closest support to the furthest edge of the notch
No reduction in shear resistance calculated using gross cross sectional area
 Fracture shear resistance at notch

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Overview of CSA O86-2014 Changes

 Published in July 2014 (PDF format)
 Mid-rise related changes
 Shear resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms
 Shear and bending moment resistance of glulam
 Withdrawal resistance of lag screws
 Other changes

Withdrawal resistance of lag screws

 Design provisions in O86-09 (Clause 10.6.5)

 Design provisions in O86-14 (Clause 12.6.5)

• Based on the density of various wood products

• Apply not only to lag screws but also self-drilling
fasteners compliant to appropriate product
standards or product evaluation reports

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Overview of CSA O86-2014 Changes

 Published in July 2014 (PDF format)

 Mid-rise related changes
 Shear resistance of shearwalls and diaphragms
 Shear and bending moment resistance of glulam
 Withdrawal resistance of lag screws
 Other changes

Other changes
 Reduction in the concentrated loaded area on roof deck
 Commentary information on plank decking and structural sheathing
 Requirements for lateral brace forces for metal-plate-connected wood
truss compression webs (Clause 5.5)
 1.25% of the axial compressive force in the member
 Newly added finger-joined lumber grade (Clause 6.2.3)
 NLGA SPS 4 “Dry Use Only” lumber
 Metal-plate-connected trusses application

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Other changes
 Reaction resistance for I-Joist (Clause 15.2.3.5 & 16.2.3.5)
 Strength resistance of truss plates (Clause 16.4)
 Revised ultimate lateral resistance of teeth, tensile, shear and lateral slip resistance
 Allowed in SCL to SCL connections or sawn lumber to SCL connections
 Allowing lag screws and wood screws for joist hanger connections (Clause
12.10)
 Annex B: Fire resistance of large cross-section wood elements

Outline
 Mid-rise Related Changes in Building Codes
 Overview of Changes to CSA O86-2014
 Technical Resources for Engineering Design for Mid-Rise

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Technical Resources for Engineering Design for Mid-Rise

 Wood Design Manual 2015 (to be published in late 2015)
 Mid-Rise Wood Frame Construction Handbook (in process)
 APEGBC Bulletin
 NBC Structural Commentary

Technical Resources for Engineering Design for Mid-Rise

 Fact Sheets - http://cwc.ca/publications/
 Vertical Movement in Wood Platform Frame Structures
 Basics

 Movement Prediction

 Design and Detailing Solutions

 Diaphragm Design
 Diaphragm Flexibility

 Design Example: Wood Diaphragm on Reinforced CMU Shearwalls

 Design Example: Design for Openings in Wood Diaphragm

 Design Example: Wood Diaphragm Using Envelope Method

 Design of Multi-Storey Wood-Based Shearwalls: Linear Dynamic Analysis & Mechanics-Based Approach
 Linear Dynamic Analysis for Wood-Based Shearwalls and Podium Structures

 A Mechanics-Based Approach for Determining Deflections of Stacked Multi-Storey Wood-Based Shearwalls

 Design Example: Design of Stacked Multi-Storey Wood-Based Shearwalls Using a Mechanics-Based Approach

 Design of Wood Frame and Podium Structures Using Linear Dynamic Analysis (WCTE 2014 Proceedings)

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Shrinkage Compensator Video

Source: Brent Bunting, Simpson Strong-Tie

Questions/ Comments?

This concludes the:

American Institute of Architects

Ontario Association of Architects
Engineering Institute of Canada

Continuing Education Systems Program

Overview of Changes to CSA O86-2014 & Mid-Rise Related Changes in OBC

Canadian Wood Council

http://cwc.ca

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