YDT VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR TEST 4

1. Epidemiological studies suggest that 6. Technological change ____ the

calcium-rich diets ____ to an increased newspaper industry, ____ thousands of
risk of developing prostate cancer and people their jobs.
that vitamin D reduces this risk.
a) did shatter / to cost
a) respond b) may have shattered / to have cost
b) evaluate c) shattered / having to cost
c) contribute d) has shattered / costing
d) resort e) had shattered / having cost
e) dedicate

7. Even before the wheel ____, humans

2. Many musical instruments from the ____ various ways to move heavy
past have disappeared from objects around.
mainstream usage or have been
replaced by modern ____. a) had been invented / have devised
b) used to be invented / devised
a) necessities c) was invented / had devised
b) equivalents d) has been invented / may have devised
c) achievements e) was being invented / were devising
d) managements
e) deviations

8. Copper ____ by cold hammering but it

is easier to shape if ____ until soft.
3. The distinctions A.M. and P.M. are
abbreviations for “ante meridiem” and a) could be worked / being heated
“post meridiem,” which mean before b) must be worked / heating
midday and after midday, ____. c) may have been worked / to be heated
d) might be worked / to heat
a) proportionately e) can be worked / heated
b) definitely
c) permanently
d) respectively
e) intuitively 9. Qatar is home ____ 1,8 million people,
83 percent ____ whom are expatriates.

a) to / of
4. The bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes a) for / in
is known for destroying skin and soft b) over / at
tissue, and causing ____ pain during c) from / as
the early stage of infection. d) with / on

a) excruciating
b) successive
c) plausible 10. There are ____ 900 natural gas filling
d) coincidental stations in Germany, which puts it in
e) hereditary second place in Europe behind Italy
____ approximately 1,000 filling
stations.

5. The major biological determinant of a) over / to

human behavior is the nervous system, b) along / of
which is ____ of two different kinds of c) beyond / into
cells: glial cells and neurons. d) about / with
e) around / toward
a) dropped out
a) pulled out
b) run out
c) made up
d) turned out
11. ____ observing the natural rhythm of Fossils give us an amazing picture of past life
daylight and dark, civilisations around (16) ____ Earth, but the picture is hardly
the world looked for ways to measure complete. Only a tiny proportion of organisms
time, first with calendars, then with that have ever lived are preserved as fossils.
instruments of increasing precision.  The ones that have been preserved tend to be
mostly small, shelled invertebrates
a) As though (17) ____ lived on the beds of shallow oceans.
b) After This is because hard skeletal materials, like
c) Although bones and shells, have a far higher (18) ____
d) As of preservation than soft tissues, which tend to
e) Till decompose quickly. (19) ____, fossils of soft-
bodied organisms, like mammals, are very
rare. Because fossils are limited to hard parts,
we have little idea about other features of an
12. “Americanization” was a phrase that organism, (20) ____ what color it was,
referred to teaching immigrants whether or not it had fur, or even what the size
American values as quickly as possible of its nose was.
____ they could blend in the cultural
melting pot. 16.

a) so that a) in
b) just as b) over
c) as long as c) at
d) whereas d) by
e) in case e) on

17.

13. While in the hypnotic state, a person a) whose

may be able to remember things that b) that
were not remembered ____ hypnosis. c) in which
d) who
a) apart from e) where
b) prior to
c) other than 18.
d) such as
e) due to a) demonstration
b) resemblance
c) probability
d) protection
14. Earth is the only planet ____ name e) rigidity
does not come from Greek or Roman
mythology, but rather from an Old 19.
English and Germanic name.
a) In fact
a) with which b) By contrast
b) that c) Otherwise
c) whose d) Instead
d) which e) Meanwhile
e) where
20.

a) in spite of
15. During the Great Depression of the b) such as
1930s, the existing economic theory c) prior to
was unable ____ to explain the causes d) more or less
of the severe worldwide economic e) due to
collapse ____ to provide an adequate
public policy solution to restart ANSWER KEY 4
production and employment.
1 C 6 D 11 B 16 E
a) so / that 2 B 7 C 12 A 17 B
b) no sooner / than 3 D 8 E 13 B 18 C
c) as much / as 4 A 9 A 14 C 19 A
d) either / or 5 D 10 D 15 D 20 B
e) the more / the more