TABLE 3-3 Some Common Types of Solubility Product Constant Expressions Formula Solubility quidem Exess OE MG) = Md) + XD tar} z “x Or) a Moe + a) peje] # or MX(9) => M*(aq) + (0) Lay 1 MXa(6) = Mag) + 2X09) moar 48 Mx MGX(s) = 2 M'(aq) + X20) eat MX, MXs(9) = M*(aq) +3 X(aq) ee MX M3X(3) o> 3 Maa) + X2(0q) ae MX MaXs(6) == 2M(aq) + 3 X*(0q) eee Mx, MX) AIM AD +20) MMP TS TABLE 3-2 Solubility Product Constant Values at 25°C Solute Solubility equilibrium Ky aluminum hydroxide AI(OH);(s) = AP* +3 OH- 13x 1033 antimony) sulfide Sb,S3(s) — 2 Sb +3 S> 5x10 arsenic(III) sulfide AS,Ss(s) — 2 As +3 S% 2.1% 1021 barium carbonate BaCO;(s) = Ba** + CO,> 5.110% barium chromate BaCrO,(s) = Ba + CrO,2- 12x 10-10 barium fluoride BaF,(s) == Ba +2 F- ‘17x 104 barium hydroxide Ba(OH);(s) = Ba +2 OH- 5x103 barium oxalate BaC,0.(s) = Ba +C,0> | » 16x107 barium phosphate. Ba,(PO,){s) = 3 Ba*+2PO% 4.0 10-29 barium sulfate. BaSO,(s) = Ba** + SO,?- Aix 1070 barium thiosulfate BaS,0;(s) = Ba*+$,0,> 16x 105 bismuth(IIT) sulfide Bi,S;(s) = 2 Bit +3 S> 1x 1047 cadmium carbonate CdCO3(s) = Cad?+(aq) + COs? 5.2x 1042 cadmium sulfide CdS(s) = Ca + S> 8.0x 1027 calcium carbonate CaCOs(s) = Cat*+ CO; 2.8x10% calcium fluoride CaF,(s) = Ca +2 F 2.7x100) calcium hydroxide ‘Ca(OH),(s) = * Ca? +2 OH- 5.5x 10 calcium oxalate CaCz0.(s) = Ca +C,0,2 2.610% calcium phosphate Cax(PO,)s) = 3 Ca®* +2 POY- 2.0.x 10-29 calcium sulfate CaSO4(s) = Ca* + S0,2- 9.110 chromium(III) hydroxide — Cr(OH);(s) = Cr+ +3 OH- 63x 103" cobalt(II) hydroxide Co(OH);(s) = Co* +2 OH- 2.5% 10716 cobalt(II) hydroxide Co(OH);(s) = Co +3 OH- 1x10 cobalt({1) sulfide ‘CoS(s) == Co +S? 4.0x 10-21 copper(l) bromide CuBr(s)—=Cur+Br 53%109 copper(]) chloride CuCK(s) =* Cur + Cl- 12x10 copper(]) iodide: Cul(s) = Cur+ 11x 1012 copper(]) thiocyanate CuSCN(s) —= Cut+ SCN- 48x 10-15 copper(I) carbonate CuCO,(s) = Cu* + CO; 14x 1040 copper(II) phosphate. Cus(PO,)2(s) == 3 Cu* +2 POS 13x1037 copper(II) sulfide CuS(s) = Cut + $2 63x 1035 iron(Il) hydroxide Fe(OH);(s) = Fe?* +2 OH- 1.8% 1075 jiron(1!) sulfide FeS(s) == Fe? +S? 63x 1078 iron(l) hydroxide —_-Fe(OH)(s) = Fe*+3 OH- 4x10 iron(III) phosphate FePO,(s) = Fe + PO. 13x 1072 lead(I1) bromide PbBr2(s) == Ph? + 2 Br- 40x 10-5 Iead(11) chloride PbCI(S) == Pb* + 2 Cl- 16x10 lead) chromate ————PUCHOG SS ==" Po? + CO. 28x10ead) hydroxide ead iodide Jead(t) sulfate ead sulfide esd) thiocyanate Jead(M) thiosulfate lithium phosphate magnesium carbonate magnesium fluoride magnesium hydroxide magresium oxalate magnesium phosphate magnesium sulfite manganese(M) sulfide smercary() bromide mereary() chloride mereury() chromate smercury() iodide mercury) thiocyanate mercury(I) sulfide mercury(I) sulfide nickel(I) hydroxide nickel) sulfide silver oxalate silver phosphate silver sulfate silver sulfide silver thiocyanate ssrontium carbonate strontium chromate strontium fluoride strontium hydroxide strontium oxalate strontium phosphate strontium sulfate thallium() bromide ‘hallium() chloride thallium() iodide thallium() thiocyanate ‘in(ID sulfide tin(IV) sulfide zine oxalate PO(OH),(s) — Pow +2 UH PbI(s) = Pb +2 PbSO(s) ==> Pb* + SOP- PhS(6) = Poe + S>- Pb(SCN),(s) ==> Pb* +2. SCN- PbS,0,(5) == PO? + $05 LisPO,(5) 23 Lit + PO MgCO;(5) == Mg + C03 MgF(s) == Mg? +.2F- Mg(Oil),(s) — Mg + 2 OH- ‘MgC;04(s) = Mg + C,0,2- Mgs(POva(s) = 3 Mg?* +2, POY ‘MgSO\(s) = Mg2*+ $0, MnS(6) == Mn? + S* Hg:Bo(s) — Hyg +2Br- HgiCi(s) — Haz +2. Cr Hg,Ci0,(6) = Hg." +2 Cro Hols) = Hest +21 Hg,(SCN),(6) = Hgz* + 2 §CN- Hig,S() — Hg, +S HgS() = Hg + S> Ni(OH,(9) = Ni*++20H- NiS(9) = NP* + S* AgBr(s) = Ag+ Br ‘Ag:C03(5) 2 Ag+ +COe- ABC) = Agt + Cr AgsCrOu(s) == 2 Age + COE AGI) = Age + AgiC:0.(3) = 2 Ag? +C,0,- ‘AgsPOd(s) 23 Agt +P. AgiSO«(s) = 2 Agt+SO- Ag:S@) = 2Age+ > AgSCN = Agt + SCN- SrCOs(s) = Sit" + CO5> SrC1O((s) = S24 CrO- SrPy(9) > S++ 2F Sr(OH),(8) == Se +2 OH- S1QO(s) = S++ 6,0 S44(PO,)(s) = 3 S42 POP S1S0\(s) — S++ S04- TIBI) == T+ Br TICKS) = The + Cr THs) = Ter TISCN(s) = TIt + SCN- SnS($) = Sut + S?- SnS{3) = Sut +2 S> ZnC04(s) = Zn** + C102 12x 1048 71x10 1.6% 104 8.0x 10-2 20x10 4.0x107 3.2109 35x10 3.7104 1.81001 86x10 1x10 3.2x109 2.5x 10-9 5.6103 13x 1048 2.0x109 445x109 2.0x 109 1.01047 1.6x 10-2 2.0% 1045 32x10 50x10 8.x 10-2 1.61049 2.4% 10-2 85x 10-7 3.4x 10-1 1.4 1046 14x105 63100 1.0% 10-2 11x 1040 2.2108 2.5%109 3.2104 16x 107 4.0% 10% 3.2107 3.4105 1.7x104 65% 104 1.7% 104 1.0x 10-5 <10@ 2.7% 104 zine sul ZaS(s) = Zn + S* 10-4SUMMARY OF SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES OF IONS AND SOLIDS or Be, SCN" _S0e~_Crof-_ POS” C08" COs SRE GO FON 1" COR Ne NS Clana renter Seas ena Bat 8 tC A oe Ke cat s Sete Sentra cea Mgt s 6 8s ££ Fei (yellow) § Soe Ag pia CA* (blue-gray) Bae ag ae Ape 8 SA AC ANC DAC Ni* (green) § Ss «&C AC ac CoP (pink) 8 fe coe ant s 8 AN AG ASC AC Mn?* (pale pink) ° SS Rw CuP* (blue) s SAC AC AC AC car s 8 AC ANC AC AC Be A AA A eke ae Hg s SA Aw sat, Sut AC AC AC AC ‘AC AC sb AC AG AC AC AC AC Ast c SAC AG AC Alc Pet cHwW oc CG ac ac anc Hes Oa a Arras HEAL On Tee ——eeeeeeSSseeeee OF" NOs, CIOs", sods Ou Gene conta erates Se ‘Bat* A s = s = caer A DAT S> s - Mgr 8 DAT AT s - Fe (yellow) DS DAT AW s oe CoP (blue-gray) Ss. DAT AT s + Apt s OH” Ni?* (green) s NH ‘Co** (pink) s e ma s s OH™,NH3. Mn?* s s - Cu? (bh aX s NHy cate as s NH Bit A AO A a - Ag DO oF a s _ Ac AC ke kor AC Me MC | Reon Agt Ac Oo Ane s NH me rr Higs?* DO Dot DO s = mi _po por pos “ef arta NTR crt we “IM HCO, ine dM Ho cer onreging nonacidic ie a tcl ae ya rnd Soren VS Se aTABLE 3-8 Values of Formation Constants for Some Complex Tons Complex Formation reaction Kk (AR AP +6F = (AIR? 67x10" {AIH AP*+40H- = [AKOH))- 11x 10 (BiBrd- BP +4 Br [BiBral- 66x 107 (BICL Bi +4 Cl = [BIC 4x 108 Bi): Bi +41 — (Bil, 89x10" [Bi(SCN)- Bi +4 SCN- = [BISCN)- 17x10 [CaqvH,) Cit + 4 NH; = [Cd(NH)* 13107 (caBr- Cale +4 Bre [COBE 50x10 {(CdCu}* Ca +4. Chr w= [CCL] 63x10 [CaccN)a- C844 CN > (CACC) 71x 108 (Cauj- Ca + 4 T- = [Cal 26x 10 {Cd(SCN)_]* (Ca + 4 SCN- == [Cd(SCN)4}> 4x10 [Co(NH).?* Cott + ONE; = [Co(NH)6F* 13x 105 [Co(SCN).]>- Co +4 SCN- == [Co(SCN),- 1.0.x 108 [Co(NH)eP* (Co¥ + 6 NH; => [CONF 45x 108 [Co(SCN) > Co% + 6 SCN- == [Co(SCN),}>- 2x 102 [CuBr Cut +2 Br = (CuBr 78x 108 [Cuch}- Cut +2 Cle [CuCh]- , 3x 108 [Cu(CN)sP- Cut +3. CN“ [Cu(CN)s > 2x 107 [Cuky- Cut +2 = [Cul Tx 108 [Cu(SCN).- Cut +2 SCN: = [Cu(SCN)3+ 15x10 [CueNE) + CuPr+ 4 NH eS [CuCNH) 7 Lx 108 [Fe(CN)at Fe +6CN-e= [Fe(CN)gJ* 1x107 [Fe(CN)P- Feit +6 CN: e= [Fe(CN)I> 1x02 (FereP- Fe! +6 Fe [Fe - 1x10 [PHCHO) > PL +4 CHO w= [PL(GHLO)F* = «1x 108 (Peci)- Po +3. Che [POC] 24x 10! (Pope PbO 4 Br > [PHB] 13x10! recy Phir + 4.Cl- e=® [PbCl 24x 10! (PouP- Ph 4 = [POLI 3.0x 10 [Mg(C,0).)" Mg® + 2.C,0,> = [Mg(C,0,):- 24x10 (gBr Hg? +4 Bre [HgBra 10x 10 (eigcl)* Hg +4Cl = [gCL]> 12x 108 (gh Hg +45 == (Hgh}- 19x 10° {Hg(SCN))> ‘Hg® + 4 SCN- == [Hg(SCN) > 1.7.x 108 [NKCN) NP +4.CN- = [Ni(CN) > 1x 102 (NiQNHS).P* Nit + 4 NH; == [Ni(NH;)4]* ~ 6.0.x 108 [AgQNH:)* Ag’ +2 NH; e=* [Ag(NH;),}* 16x 107 [AgBal- ‘Agr 2 Br == [AgBr.)- 21x10 [Asch Agt+ 2. Cre [AgCh]- 11x 105 {Ag(CN Agt+ 2. CN- m= [Ag(CN).}- 56x 108 Agta Agt+2F = [Agh)- 55x 100 [Ag(SCN),]- Ag’ + 2 SCN- e= [Ag(SCN),]- 3.7107 [Ag(S:0y2}- Ag*+ 2 S:0;> == [Ag(S:0,):]> 17x 108 [snc Snt+ +6 Cl = [SnCle]> 1x10 [sncu) Sn2*+4. Ck > [Sn CL) 3.0x 10! (Zn(NH),)* Zats +4 NH, = [Zn(NHs)]* [Za(CN Za + 4 CN“ [Za(CN [Zn(OH)- Znt* + 4 OH- == [Zn(OH)4)~ 46x 10'7