FAZAIA INTER COLLEGE KALLAR KAHAR

UNIT 1 LESSON 1
LIVING THINGS DEPEND UPON EACH OTHER

Q1: What are living things?

Ans: Things that can move, grow and breathe are called living things. Examples: plants,
animals and human beings.
Q2: Name living thing that can prepare their own food?
Ans: Plants.
Q3: What is chlorophyll?
Ans: Green substance inside plant’s leaf is called chlorophyll.
Q4: What is the function of chlorophyll?
Ans: Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and help to prepare food.
Q5: What is photosynthesis?
Ans: Process in which plant make food using sunlight.
Q6: Which materials do plants need for photosynthesis?
Ans: 1. water.
2. Sunlight.
3. Carbon dioxide.
Q7: What are the functions of veins present inside plant parts?
Ans: Veins carry water, food and salts to different parts of plant where it is needed.
Q8: Define the following terms with examples:
1. PRODUCERS: Living things that can prepare their own food. Example: Plants.
2. CONSUMERS: Living things that get food from plants or other animals.
Examples: Animals and human beings.
3. OMNIVORES: Living things that eat both plants and animals. Examples:
Animals and human beings.
Q9: Define food chain?
Ans: A series of living things that depend upon each other for food. It always begin with
green plant.
Q10: Draw food chains?
Ans: 1. Corn chicken fox.

2. Leaf slug beetle mouse owl.

Rapid fire:
Q1: Ans: a) Grass cow, sheep, goat, horse.
b) Cow human
c) Duckling Adult duck
d) Bee other worker bees.
e) Tiger Deer and other prey animal.
f) Shark fish.
Q2: Ans: a) To detect their prey.
b) Number of all plants would increase.
Q3: The organisms in food chain will either die or become unable to breed.
 FOOD WEBS
Q1: What are planktons?
Ans: Tiny plants float in sea, lakes and ponds.
Q2: Write food chain found in sea?
Ans: Small fish slightly bigger fish shark.
Q3: Define the following terms with examples:
CARNIVORES: Living thing that eats the meat. Example: animals and human.
DETRITIVORES: An organism that feed on dead plants and animals matter. Examples:
bacteria and fungi.
SCAVENGERS: An animal that feed on dead organisms. Example: vultures.
DECOMPOSERS: Break down dead organisms. Examples: Bacteria and fungi.
Q4: “Decomposers support natural recycling process”. How?
Ans: They decompose dead organisms and return nutritional substances to soil and make
it fertile.
Q5: Define food web?
Ans: Linked series of food chain is called food web.
Q6: “Tropical rain forest food chains are more complicated than that of desert”. Why?
Ans: Life in desert is hard and there are few kinds of plants and animals. So food chain is
simpler. Rain forest is habitat of thousands of plants and animals so food chains are
complicated.
Q7: Name the world’s largest plant eater?
Ans: African Elephant. Grows up to 3.2m tall and weighs about 6 tonnes. It eats up to
150 kg of plant material a day.

RAPID FIRE:
Q1: Ans: 1. Wheat Chicken human
2. Grass cow human.
3. Grass sheep human.
Q2: Ans: 1. Cabbage caterpillar thrush.
2. Tiny plants tiny animal fish.
3. Grass sheep human.
4. Dead leaf earthworm frog.
Q3: 1. Seaweed winkle crab fish seabird.
2. Seaweed topshell crab seabird.

RIVER HABITATS
Q1: Define Rivers?
Ans: The fresh water flowing along plains are called rivers.
Q2: What are main sources of river?
Ans: Rain water, glaciers and springs.
Q3: From where does river start?
Ans: From highest point such as hills and mountains.
Q4: Name 3 stages of river?
Ans: First stage, middle stage and final stage.

Q5: Write characteristics of first stage river water?

Ans: 1. fast flowing. 2. Clear. 3. Cold.
Q6: There is less chance of survival of plants and animals in first stage. Why?
Ans: Because water is fast flowing and wash away plants and animals.
Q7: Write characteristics of middle stage river water?
Ans: 1. land flatter. 2. Water flows slowly. 3. Muddy and warm water. 4. Many plants
and animals live there.
Q8: Write characteristics of final stage river water?
Ans: 1. Flat land. 2. Heavy rain cause flooding. 3. Many plants and animals live there.
Q9: What is Estuary?
Ans: Mouth of river widen out into stretch of open water called estuary.
Q10: How salt marshes are formed?
Ans: Mixture of salt and fresh water makes salt marshes.
Q11: Name world’s largest living reptile?
Ans: Estuarine crocodile. Found in southern Asia and northern Australia. 7.6m long and
weighs about 2 tonnes.

RAPID FIRE:
Q1: Ans: Fishes have scales to protect them, gills to breathe and fins that help in
swimming.
Q3: Ans: a) By providing water.
b) By flooding.

HOW SOIL IS FORMED

Q1: What is soil?

Ans: Thin layer of material covering earth’s surface is called soil.
Q2: Define the following terms:
Fertile soil: Good soil which is capable of growing many crops.
Infertile soil: Soil which is not capable of growing crops.
Humus: Decayed plant and animal material in soil.
Q3: How soil is formed?
Ans: By weathering, wearing away and breakdown of rocks into fine particles.
Q4: Why soil is important to us?
Ans: Because it helps to provide food. It is home of many living organisms.
Q5: Why humus is so important?
Ans: Because it contain nutrients and minerals for healthy soil and it increase fertility of
soil.

RAPID FIRE:
Q3: Ans: Because soil either washes down or slips down.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL

Q1: What are soils?
Ans: Small pieces of rocks mixed with humus.
Q2: On which things type of soil depends?
Ans: 1. Kind of rock underneath.
2. Climate of the area.
Q3: On which things colour of soil depends?
Ans: 1. Humus.
2. Minerals.
3. Rainfall.
Q4: Name kinds of soil?
Ans: 1. wet and dry soils.
2. Sandy soils.
3. Clay soils.
4. Loam soils.
Q5: Explain the following:
Wet soils: 1. Ground is wet. 2. Not fertile. 3. Few plants can grow.
Dry soils: 1. Ground is dry (deserts). 2. Not fertile.
Sandy soils: 1. Grains of rocks. 2. big enough to see. 3. easy to dig. 4. Plenty of air
present in it. 5. Water runs quickly.
Clay soils: 1. tiny pieces of rocks. 2. Cannot see them. 3. Slippery. 4. Little air in it.
5. Water runs slowly. 6. Cracks form in dry season.
Loam Soils: 1. most fertile soil. 2. easy to dig. 3. Contain lot of humus.
Q6: How many animals are present in one square meter of fertile soil?
Ans: Over 1000 million tiny animals.

RAPID FIRE:
Q1: Ans: It is due to growth of new plant.
Q2: Ans: It is less fertile.
Q3: Ans: Because of dry conditions.

ANIMAL GROUPS
Q1: How many species of animals and plants have been discovered and named?
Ans: Animal species: 1,500,000.
Plants species: 400,000.
Q2: What is classification?
Ans: Process of ordering of plants and animals into groups is called classification.
Q3: What are vertebrates?
Ans: Animals with a backbone are called vertebrates.
Q4: How many species of vertebrates are present?
Ans: 50,000.
Q5: Name groups of vertebrate animals?
Ans: 1. Fishes.
2. Amphibians.
3. Reptiles.
4. Birds.
5. Mammals.
Q6: What are features of mammals?
Ans: 1. Warm blooded. 2. Hair or fur on body. 3. Feed their young on milk.4. Look after
their young ones. Examples: Human, mouse, rat, elephant, etc.
Q7: What are features of birds?
Ans: 1. legs and wings (2). 2. Body covered with feathers. 3. Have beaks. 4. No teeth.
5. Warm blooded. 6. Lay eggs. Examples: Parrot, sparrow, etc.
Q8: What are features of reptiles?
Ans: 1. scales on body. 2. Cold blooded. 3. Lay eggs. Examples: Lizard, snake, etc.
Q9: What are features of amphibians?
Ans: 1. Thin, damp skin. 2. Young breathe with gills. 3. Adult has lungs. Examples: Frog,
salamander.
Q10: What are features of fishes?
Ans: 1. Body covered with scales. 2. Live in water. 3. Swim with fins. 4. Cold blooded.
4. Lay eggs. Examples: Shark, seashore, etc.
Q11: What are invertebrates?
Ans: Animals without backbone are called invertebrates.
Q12: How many species of invertebrates are present?
Ans: 97% of animals are invertebrates.
Q13: What is external skeleton?
Ans: Some animals have shell or tough skin on outside of body called external skeleton.

RAPID FIRE:

Q2: Ans: Insects can be divided into

1. Solitary. 2. Live in groups. 3. Those with wings. 4. without wings. 5. Aquatic
insects. 6. Live on land.
Q3: a) Birds
b) Earthworm
c) Mammals
d) Insects
e) Fish.