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10
Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Simple Electric Motor and Generator
Science – Grade 10
Supplementary Learning Resource
Quarter 2: Simple Electric Motor and Generator
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team

Writer : Ma. Cristina L. Panganiban

Editor : Rodrigo F. Roxas
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Norma Lyn M. Garcia
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Layout Artist : Dulce B. Dela Cruz
Management Team:
Norma P. Esteban, EdD CESO V
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 10

Science
Quarter 2 - Module 6:
Simple Electric Motor and Generator
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

As a parent or guardian, it is our responsibility to guide and help our learner in the
best way we can. This module aims to assist you in guiding our learner. This module is
produced to help the learner in reaching the most essential learning competencies even if
we are facing this so-called “new” normal of education. We should face and adopt the
change. This Supplementary Learning Resource provides lessons, activities and exercises
that will compromise the educational needs of our learners. Answers are provided at the
back of this module.
The learners will meet struggles in understanding and in answering the module, but
as a facilitator we are here to help them and to oversee them. Most especially, we are to
teach them the value of honesty while answering this module. Remember: you play a vital
role in your child’s education.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help
you in guiding the learners.

For the learner:

This module is written to keep you motivated in life, to keep you going despite the
adversities that are happening, for you to strive hard in achieving your goals in life.
Learning is a continuous process whether inside or outside the classroom.
There is no permanent in this world except change, so we must accept the fact that
we are now living in the so-called “new normal”. We must adapt this and look for different
ways of learning. Learning resources are important tools in reaching the learners for them to be
educated. Module is a way where you can understand lessons and explore different activities
and exercises.
This Supplementary Learning Resource can be used by anyone in Grade 10 level.
It is all about Simple Electric Motor and Generator. This can help you develop critical and
creative thinking, in analyzing situations around us. As you study the lessons, may you
achieve the competency needed and be able to use it in everyday life. Good luck!!

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
What I Need to Know
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check
What I Know what you already know about the lesson to
take. If you get all the answers correct (100%),
you may decide to skip this module

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
What I New story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentences/
What I have Learned
paragraphs to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity that will help
What I can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into
real-life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
Additional Activities lesson learned. This also tends to the retention
of learned concepts.
This contains all the answers in the activities in
the module.
Answer Key

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you to
understand about simple motor and generator. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of
the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Simple Electric Motor
 Lesson 2 – Generator
 Lesson 3 – Comparison between Electric motor and generator

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator. S10FE-IIj-54

Specifically learners should be able to meet the following objectives:

 Describe a simple motor

 Explain how simple motor works
 Describe a generator
 Explain how a generator works
 Compare simple motor and generator

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 What I Know

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer in a separate sheet.

1. Formed when a wire in an electric circuit is wrapped around an iron core producing a
magnetic field.
a. Generator b. Electromagnet c. Bar Magnet d.Motor
2. True or False : An electromagnet loses its magnetism of the electric current stops flowing.
a. True b. False
3. Produces an electric current when a coil of wire wrapped around an iron core is rotated
near a magnet.
a. Generator b. Car c. Magnet d. Motor
4. __________ at power plants produces electric energy for our homes.
a. Electricity b. Cars c. Magnets d. Generators
5. Changes electrical energy to mechanical energy.
a. Generator b. Cars c. Simple Electric Motor d. Magnet
6. In a simple electric motor like poles of the magnet repel and unlike poles of the magnet
attract. This causes the coil to rotate and thus changes electrical energy to energy.
a. Mechanical b. Sound c. Light d. Chemical
7. Surrounding a magnet is a ____________ that applies a force, push or pull without
actually touching an object
a. circuit b. car c. coil d. magnetic field
8. A coil of wire spinning around a magnet or a magnet spinning around a coil of wire can
form an ________________.
a. Magnet b. magnetic field c. electric current d. motor
9. What transformation can take place in an improvised generator
a. Mechanical energy into electrical energy
b. Electrical energy into mechanical energy
c. Alternating current into direct current
d. Direct current into alternating current
10. What is the purpose of a motor?
a. Change electrical energy to heat energy
b. Change mechanical energy to electrical energy
c. Change electrical energy to mechanical energy
d. Change mechanical energy to heat energy
11. A static copper winding located around the main axis
a. Drive pulley c. Armature coil
b. Brush d. Shaft
12. This tool produces rotation, it is necessary a special component that will be used as a
pad for a smooth round
a. Brush b. Shaft c. Bearing d. Motor Housing
13. A ________ are used in industrial fans, blowers and pump, machine tools m, power tools
and disk drives

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14. The modern day generator works on the principle of _______________ discovered by
Michael Faraday
a. Electromagnetic induction c. electric shock
b. Electromagnetic wave d. Electromagnetism
15. Electric motors and generators have ____________________ that continuously rotate in
a magnetic fields
a. Emf c. armature
b. Current carrying loops d. shaft

What’s In

This module is designed to help the learners to understand how a simple

motor and generator works. The module is consisting of pre-test on the first part and Post-
test on the last part. A simple discussion for every lesson is written in the module to enable
the students to understand it clearly. Simple activities will also require performing in order to
answer the guide questions

What’s New

Electrical motors and generators are machines which either convert electrical energy
inputs into forces or applied kinetic energy inputs into electrical energy. In principle, any
electrical generator can also be operated as a motor and vice-versa. In practice they will
often be optimized for one application or the other.
All electrical machines operate due the same principles derived from the study of
electro-magnetics.

Lesso Electric Motor

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 n

1
What is It

Have you ever seen a fan or a blender? Why could this part spin? If you are curious,
just relax, because we will explore the working principles and components of simple electric
motors and their functions.
The electric motor is becoming an inseparable component in the field of electronics.
It also applies to the car industry. In a car or motorcycle, the electric motors cannot be
separated. On the starter system, wiper, and power windows, you can see examples of
electric motors in the vehicle.
In general, electric motors are very easy to find in daily life. Fans, water pumps,
washing machines and blenders are examples. You know why these objects can spin, then?
What is Electric motor?

Quoted from Wikipedia, electric motor is a tool that serves to convert electrical
energy into motion energy. These tools include dynamic power tools as they produce
motion. The working principle of electric motors is to utilize magnetic pull force.
We certainly understand, when two magnets with the same poles are brought
together, the two magnets move away. Conversely, if the magnetic poles are different then it
will attract each other. This is the basic principle of electric motors.
When a magnetic rod is placed in a magnetic field it will produce a movement on the
magnetic bar. The trunk, the magnet is placed on a pivot with the circuit in such a way that it
can produce rotary motion when these two components interact.

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Electric Motor main Components

1. Stator Coil
2. Rotor Coil
3. Main Shaft
4. Brush
5. Bearing
6. Drive Pulley
7. Motor Housing

Simple Motor Parts and their function

1. Stator / Armature Coil

The stator contains the electric motor's key components. Since this factor will be in direct
contact with the engine's output. The stator is the static winding of copper located along the
main axis. The stator's job is to create a magnetic field around the rotor.

This component is composed of iron plates wrapped by copper. This copper is connected to
a current source. So when the winding is electric current, will cause magnetism in the stator.
On a motor generally has three stator coil. This depends on the capacity of the motor itself of
course. The more the number of coils, the greater the magnetism generated. This will
certainly affect the speed of the motor.

But for simple electric motors, generally just complement the stator using a permanent
magnet. So the current used is also lighter. So, whether permanent magnet can be used on
electric motors powerless? Certainly can, but the resulting round tends to be small. That is
why the magnetic winding is an option to make the output satisfactory as well. This part also
resembles a stator, except that the rotor is a dynamic copper wire. Why is it dynamic?
Because the coil is attached with the main shaft or main axle of the motor that will rotate.

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2. Rotor Coil

As well as the stator coil, the more the number of turns on the rotor the greater the resulting
spins. Commonly used copper with a small diameter. It aims to make the number of
windings more even if it requires a large wire length.
The wound end will be connected to another rotor located at the end of the main shaft.

3. Main Shaft

The main shaft is a metal component that extends as a place to attach some components. In
addition to the coil rotor, the component attached to this shaft is a drive pulley. Generally the
main shaft is made of aluminum which is anti-rust. In addition, this component must also be
stable at high rotation and temperature.

4. Brush

Brush is a copper brush that will connect a lithric current source with a coil rotor. This brush
is attached to a small rotor located at the end of the main rotor. Friction that occurs will flow
the current in the same direction even though the rotor rotates. So that the rotation can be
synchronous and continuous.

This friction will be supported by a spring located behind the copper brush. This spring will
always hit the brush so that this brush will always stick to the rotor despite spinning at high
RPM.

In a simple electric motor should be equipped with two brushes. This brush will supply
current and time for the coil rotor. In addition, this component is a popular cause that causes
electric motor to die. The crust attached to the surface of the brush will cause the flow of the
current to be inhibited. In addition, the condition of the brush is worn because it continues to
be rubbed can also inhibit the flow of obstructed flow.

5. Bearing

Since this tool produces rotation, it is necessary a special component that will be used as a
pad for a smooth round. This is the function of the bearing, as a bearing between the shaft
surface and the motor housing. Bearing generally made from aluminum that has a light
friction style. So as not to inhibit motor rotation.

6. Pulley Drive
This component is located at the outer end of the main shaft. Its function is to transfer motor

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rotation to other components. This component is generally in the form of gear or pulley,
which is ready to be connected with components that need to be driven with this motor.

7. Motor Housing
Outside of the electric motor we will see an iron plate that is used to protect all parts of the
electric motor. In addition, motor housing also serves to protect us as the user of very high
rotation rotors.

Type Of Electric Motor

1. AC Motor

An AC electric motor is a type of electric motor operating with an alternating current (AC,
Alternating Current) voltage source. This AC  electric motor can be distinguished by its
resources as follows.
Synchronous motor, is an AC motor working at a fixed speed at a certain frequency system.
This motor requires direct current (DC) for power generation and has a low initial torque, and
therefore synchronous motors are suitable for low-load initial use, such as air compressors,
frequency changes and motor generators. Synchronous motors are able to improve the
system power factor, so it is often used on systems that use a lot of electricity.
Induction motor, or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current
in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electro magnetic induction from the
magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made without
electrical connections to the rotor.

2. DC Motor

Direct current electric motor is a type of electric motor that operates with a direct current DC
voltage source (DC, Direct Current). The first DC motor was developed around the 1830’s-
1840s

HOW A DC MOTOR ACTUALLY WORKS

Normally, the rotor is located on the inside of the motor, and on the outside, the stator is
located. The rotor contains coil windings powered by a DC current and either permanent
magnets or electromagnetic windings are used in the stator. A magnetic field is generated
inside the stator when the motor is driven by a DC current, attracting and repelling the
magnets on the rotor. This allows the rotor to begin to rotate.
The motor has a commutator to keep the rotor spinning. It would stop spinning if the rotor
aligns with the magnetic field, but the switch would reverse the current through the stator in
this case and reverse the magnetic field in this way. The rotor will keep spinning in this way.
For a schematic display of how the dc motor operates, see the picture below

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SELF-TEST 1

Direction: Write the letter of the expression in the second column which is most closely
related to each word or expression in the first column. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1.Stator a. metal component extent as a place to attach some component

2.Electric Motor b. it aims to make the number of winding more even if it requires a large
wire length
3.Brush c. tool that serve to convert electrical energy into motion
4.Pulley Drive d. static copper winding located around the main axis
5.Motor Housing e. a copper brush that will connect a lithric current source with a coil rotor
6.AC motor f. generally made from aluminum that has alight friction style
7. Bearing g. type of electric motor operating with an alternating current voltage
source
8.DC motor h. its function is to transfer motor to other components
9. Rotor coil i.an iron plate that is used to protect all parts of the electric motor
10.Main shaft j. type of electric motor that operates with a direct current source

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 Lesso
n
Generator
2
From the lights in your classroom to televisions, laptops, and even our mobile
phones, electric generators are very useful for providing the electrical energy we use every
day. It's necessary to understand, however, that generators do not generate electrical
energy. As Albert Einstein once said,' Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be
converted from one form to another.' So if they are not creating it, how do electric generators
supply us with electricity?
Electrical generators convert mechanical energies into electrical energies. For
example, an easy way for us people to convert energy is by clapping our hands together.
When we clap our hands, we move them toward each other; that motion is mechanical
energy. When our hands come together they make a clapping noise; that noise is sound
energy. So by clapping our hands, we convert mechanical energy into sound energy, and
that is a simple form of energy conversion.

How does a generator work?

An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from an
external source into electrical energy as the output.
It is important to understand that a generator does not actually ‘create’ electrical
energy. Instead, it uses the mechanical energy supplied to it to force the movement of
electric charges present in the wire of its windings through an external electric circuit. This
flow of electric charges constitutes the output electric current supplied by the generator. This
mechanism can be understood by considering the generator to be analogous to a water
pump, which causes the flow of water but does not actually ‘create’ the water flowing through
it.
The modern-day generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction
discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831-32. Faraday discovered that the above flow of
electric charges could be induced by moving an electrical conductor, such as a wire that
contains electric charges, in a magnetic field. This movement creates a voltage difference
between the two ends of the wire or electrical conductor, which in turn causes the electric
charges to flow, thus generating electric current.

SELF TEST 2

Direction: Write the letter of the best answer in your notebook.

1. Generators are device that convert _______________ energy into _________ energy
a. chemical : mechanical c. electrical : mechanical
b. mechanical: electrical d. potential : kinetic

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2. How does an electrical generator works?
a. moves food into the mouth
b. by making energy go through foil and putting that through a magnetic wire making
electricity
c. by running on a hamster wheel
d. the magnetic field exerts a force on the moving electron that pushes them along the
wire creating an electric current.
3. What is an electrical generator?
a. a device that creates water
b. a device that makes you go to school
c. a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
d. a device that makes kids
4. Which of the following is true about energy?
a. clapping hands has nothing to do with energy conversion
b. all energy has to be made with a generator
c. energy cannot be created nor destroyed it can only be changed from one form to
another
d. electrical generators use sound energy to function
5. What type of energy is being converted to electricity in an electric generator
a. thermal energy b. sound energy c. solar energy d. mechanical energy

Lesso
n The Differences between

3 Motor and Generator

Motors and generators are electromagnetic devices. They have current-carrying

loops that rotate in magnetic fields. This rapidly changing magnetic field creates
electromotive forces, called emF or voltages. Electric motors and generators are the
opposite of each other. Electric motors transform electrical energy into mechanical
energy, while electric generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Electric motors and generators have current-carrying loops that continuously rotate
in a magnetic field. The loops are wrapped around an iron core called an armature that
makes the magnetic field inside of them stronger. The current in the loops reverses
direction causing the armature and hence the loops to constantly rotate. The changing
direction of the loops causes an induced emf to be generated.
Emf is short for electromotive force. It is not a force, but is the potential difference between
the terminals of a device that changes one form of energy into electrical energy. A battery,
for example, converts chemical energy into electrical energy, and so is a source of emf. A
potential difference is a voltage.

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 The induced emf created by the motion of the loops becomes larger the more
rapidly the magnetic field changes. This is Faraday's Law of Induction, named after its
discoverer, renowned physicist Michael Faraday.

AC Generators

AC generators are opposite from motors, because they convert mechanical energy
into that of electrical. Mechanical energy is used to rotate the loops in the magnetic field,
and the generated emf is a sine wave that varies in time. Steam made from burning fossil
fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas is a common source in countries like the United
States. In Europe, nuclear fission is used to create steam. In some hydroelectric plants,
such as those found at Niagara Falls, water pressure is used to rotate the turbines.
Turbines are rotors with vanes or blades. Wind and water are not commonly used as fossil
fuels for mechanical energy sources because they are not as efficient and are more costly.

AC Motors

AC motors convert electrical energy into that

of mechanical. An alternating current is used
to rotate the loops in the magnetic field. Most
AC motors produce the current by using
induction. An electromagnet causes the
magnetic field and uses the same voltage as
the coils do.

DC Motors and Generators

DC motors and generators are similar to their

AC counterparts, except that they have a split
ring called a commutator. The commutator is
attached to electrical contacts called
brushes. The changing direction of the
current through the commutator causes the
armature and thus the loops to rotate. The
magnetic field the armature turns in may be a
permanent magnet or electromagnet. DC
generators have a generated emf is direct
current.

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Construction of a Generator
• Simple loop generator is having a single turn rectangular copper coil rotating about
its own axis in a magnetic field provided by either permanent magnet or
electromagnets
• In case of without commutator the two ends of the coil are joined to slip rings which
are insulated from each other and from the central shaft. Two collecting brushes of a
carbon or copper press against the slip rings. Their function is to collect the current
in the coil. In this case the current waveform we obtain is alternating current. In the
case of with commutator the slip rings are replaced by split rings. In this case the
current is unidirectional

Working of Electrical Generator

• Most metals have electrons that can move around freely. These electrons allow
electricity to move through the metal, transmitting electrical energy from one place to
another. These metals are called electrical conductors. A generator is a device that
is used to move electrons through a conductor to give electric power. It does this by
using a magnet that forces an electron to move along a wire at a steady rate while
putting pressure on them. With the help of a generator, the electrons can transmit
electric energy from one point to another. The difference in the number of electrons
and the pressure that the generator applies is what creates the different electric
currents. The generator spins at a certain number of rotation n per minute. The
number of electrons that moves is measured in amps- the pressure is measured in
volts

Motors Compared to Generators

All motors are generators. The emf in a generator increases its efficiency, but an
emf in a motor contributes to energy waste and inefficiency in its performance. A back emf
is a resistance to change in a magnetic field. A back emf appears in a motor after it has
been turned on, though not immediately. It reduces the current in the loop, and gets larger
as the speed of the motor increases. This causes the power requirements of the motor to
also increase, especially under loads that are very large.

Difference between motor and generator

Table.1

Differentiating Property Motor Generator

An electric motor is a An electric generator is a
Definition machine that converts machine that converts
electrical energy to mechanical energy to
mechanical energy. electrical energy.

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 Electric motor follows Electric generator follows
Rule
Fleming’s left-hand rule. Fleming’s right-hand rule.
Motors works on the principle
that a current carrying Generators work on the
Principle conductor experiences a principle of electromagnetic
force when placed in a induction.
magnetic field.
The shaft of an electric motor The shaft of an electric
is driven by a magnetic force generator is connected to the
Driving force for shaft
which is developed between rotor which is driven by a
the armature and the field mechanical force.
In a motor, current is In a generator, current is
Current Usage supplied to the armature produced in the armature
winding. winding.
Ceiling fans, cars, etc. are all In power stations, generator
Example examples of motor. is used to generate electricity

SELF-TEST 3

Direction: Write M if the sentence describes a motor and G if it describes a Generator. Write
your answer in your notebook.
1. It serves to convert electrical energy into motion energy.
2. Its shaft is driven by a magnetic force which is developed between the armature and the
field.

3. It follows Fleming’s right hand rule.

4. It converts mechanical energy obtained from an external source into electrical energy as
the output.
5. The current is produced in the armature winding.
6. It follows Fleming’s left hand rule

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 What’s More
Direction: Circle the 15 words listed below. Words appear straight across, backward,
straight across, up and down, down and up, and diagonally.

   U S Q Y J M V I T G C G E M Y D Q J O R Z T W C
A W V N V E L E C T R I C M O T O R N V T I S N
F L U I F S J M E C H A N I C A L E N E R G Y D
N K R V L K Y R V C C Z K O H T R A A U S O J R
W N T V E F S N Z P T O E N H Y B Z M J S P Q Q
Q Y V Q M Q X B C G P W N G Z G V R K T I V P C
A N S B I Y D V I H F T E T Y X E R A K V Y K B
P B H Z N F J Z B L R N O M R T Y T E C Y U R D
S U D D G Y C X K T E O X X Y O O A I C J U C C
I P R U S N H G F R I K N E P R L L P Z S M M F
F U O H R I G U A V I J J O C D F P L H O N W J
X M T M I P G T V X O P Q O U N N O A T X U K X
A O A T G C O S B X X W I H T S F C O N Z B R M
V E N J H R C J P K Z L X T C L M R X C E B X V
J H R L T W Z F F O Z A M K C E K O W Y I L B Z
A D E R H S G P U L L E Y D R I V E T X L K Z E
B L T G A W I Y M L Y W J E B N X Y D O F E V Y
U A L G N D D S F O G W G N J Q K S O L R L L X
U T A J D W P E Q T Z G G G R Y G Y G N S S H N
Z K W G R L U B R I C A T I N G S Y S T E M N A
I I C L U K R B X M Z I H N K H U B J X Y R F X
G N A V L W E D T E L Y U E H D J E I J R D B D
T O K N E A L I N D U C T I O N M O T O R F R A
N W M O Z U Q C H U G A J Q B M A I N S H A F T

lubricating system       control panel       mechanical energy       alternator       engine       

generator        flemings right hand rule       Induction motor       DC motor   

Synchronous motor       Main shaft       Brush       electric motor       Pulley drive   

Stator Coil   

14
Direction: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that fits each clue. Write your answer
in your notebook.

SIMPLE MOTOR

1
Across Down
1. it aims to make the number 2 of winding 2. tool that serve to convert electrical energy
more even if it requires a large into motion
3
wire length 4. a copper brush that will connect a lithric
3. its function is to transfer motor to other current source with a coil rotor
components 4 5. type of electric
5 motor operating with an
6. type of electric motor that operates with a alternating current voltage source
6 7 8
direct current source 7. metal component extent as a place to
9. static copper winding located around the attach some component
main axis 9 8. generally made from aluminum that has
10. an iron plate that is used to protect all alight friction style
parts of the electric motor

10

What I Have Learned

 Electric motor is a tool that serves to convert electrical energy into motion energy.
These tools include dynamic power tools as they produce motion. The working
principle of electric motors is to utilize magnetic pull force.
 Electric Motor main Components includes Stator Coil ,Rotor , Main Shaft ,Brush
Bearing , Drive Pulley and Motor Housing
 Motors works on the principle that a current carrying conductor experiences a force
when placed in a magnetic field.
 The shaft of an electric motor is driven by a magnetic force which is developed
between the armature and field.
 In a motor, current is supplied to the armature winding.
 Electric motor follows Fleming’s left-hand rule.

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  An electric generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy.
 Electric generator follows Fleming’s right-hand rule
 Generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
 The shaft of an electric generator is connected to the rotor which is driven by a
mechanical force.
 In a generator, current is produced in the armature winding.
 In power stations, generator is used to generate electricity

What I can Do

Name : ______________________________ Year & Section: ____________

TOPIC: SIMPLE MOTOR

LEARNING COMPETENCY: Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator

ELECTRIC MOTOR
Activity No. 1

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 I. OBJECTIVES
To build a simple electric motor

II. A.MATERIALS:
D battery ,Insulated 22G wire 2 large-eyed, long, metal sewing needles (the eyes
must be large enough to fit the wire through), Modeling clay ,Electrical tape , knife
Small circular magnet, Thin marker

B. REFERENCES:
https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/no-frills-motor/

III. PROCEDURE:
1. Starting in the center of the wire, wrap the wire tightly and neatly around the marker 30
times.

2. Slide the coil you made off of the marker.

3. Wrap each loose end of the wire around the coil a

few times to hold it together, then point the wires
away from the loop, as shown:

4. Ask an adult to use the knife to help you remove

the top-half of the wire insulation on each free end of
the coil. The exposed wire should be facing the same
direction on both sides. Why do you think half of the
wire needs to remain insulated?

5. Thread each loose end of the wire coil through

the large eye of a needle. Try to keep the coil as
straight as possible without bending the wire
ends.

6. Lay the D battery sideways on a flat surface.

7. Stick some modeling clay on either side of the battery so it does not roll away.
8. Take 2 small balls of modeling clay and cover the sharp ends of the needle.

9. Place the needles upright next to the terminals

of each battery so that the side of each needle
touches one terminal of the battery.

10. Use electrical tape to secure the needles to

the ends of the battery. Your coil should be
hanging above the battery.

11. Tape the small magnet to the side of the battery

so that it is centered underneath the coil.

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IV. ANALYSIS:

Direction: Answer the following questions. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Why did we need to remove the insulation from only one side of each wire?
2. Give your coil a spin. What happens? What happens when you spin the coil in the other
direction? What would happen with a bigger magnet? A bigger battery? Thicker wire?

V. GENERALIZATION:

Name : ______________________________ Year & Section: ____________

TOPIC: ELECTRIC GENERATOR

LEARNING COMPETENCY: Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator

ELECTRIC GENERATOR
Activity No. 1

I.OBJECTIVES
To build a DC generator

II. A.MATERIALS:

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 #30 Magnet wire, Four 1x2x5 cm ceramic magnets, Thick nail or shaft, Cardboard
box, electrical device

B. REFERENCES:
https://sciencing.com/build-dc-generator-4843047.html

III. PROCEDURE:
1. Cut the cardboard. Cardboard will serve as
the frame and support for your simple
generator. Use a ruler to measure a
cardboard strip that is 8 centimetres (3.1 in)
by 30.4 centimetres (12.0 in). Cut this strip
out with scissors or a utility knife. This single
piece will be folded to form the frame.

2. Mark the cardboard. Use a ruler to measure along

the length of the cardboard. Make your first mark at
8 centimetres (3.1 in). Your second mark should be
at 11.5 centimetres (4.5 in), and your third mark
should be at 19.5 centimetres (7.7 in). The final
mark will be at 22.7 centimetres (8.9 in).[2]
This creates segments of 8 centimetres (3.1 in), 3.5
centimetres (1.4 in), 8 centimetres (3.1 in), 3.2 centimetres (1.3 in), and 7.7
centimetres (3.0 in). Do not cut these segments.

3. Fold the cardboard. Fold the cardboard

along each mark. This will make your flat
piece of cardboard into a rectangular frame.
This frame will house the components of your
electric motor

4. Slide the metal shaft through the support frame. Push a nail through the center of
the cardboard frame. Make sure you go through all three pieces of cardboard that are
folded into the center. This will create the hole for your shaft. You can now insert a
metal shaft, or use the nail as your shaft

* The metal shaft does not have to be anything in particular. Any piece of metal that will fit
through the hole and come all the way out the
other side of the frame is acceptable. The nail
you use to make the hole will work perfectly.

5. Wind the copper wire. Make several turns

around the cardboard box with enamel coated copper wire (#30 magnet wire). Wind 200
feet (61 m) of wire as tight as you can. Leave about 16 to 18 inches (40.6 to 45.7 cm) of
wire loose on each end to connect to your meter,

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 light bulb, or other electronic device. The more "turns" or winds you make around the
cardboard frame, the more power your generator should produce
6. Strip the ends of the wire. Use a knife or a wire stripper to remove the insulation from
each end of the wire. Remove about 2.54
centimetres (1.00 in) of insulation from each side.
This will allow you to connect the wire to an
electronic device

7. Connect the wires to an electronic device. Attach

the two wires you have loose at the ends of the windings to a red LED, #49 miniature
bulb, or a 1.5V grain-of-wheat lamp. Or, connect the test leads from an AC voltmeter or
multimeter to them. Keep in mind that you are producing a very low voltage, and larger
devices (e.g. a regular light bulb) will not be powered by this generator.

8. Glue the magnets to the shaft. Use a high strength hot melt glue or epoxy to glue four
ceramic magnets to the shaft. You want the magnet to be stationary with respect to the
shaft. The magnets should be glued onto the shaft after the shaft has been inserted into
the frame. Allow the glue to dry for several minutes (the instructions on the container can
tell you exact drying times for your type of glue).
(For best results, use 1x2x5 cm ceramic magnets (these can be found online for a
reasonable price). Glue them so that two
magnets are facing the coil with their
north side, and two are facing the coil
with their south side.)

9. Turn the shaft with your fingers. 

This allows you to see if the ends of the
magnets hit the inside of the frame. The
magnets must turn freely, but as close as
possible to the walls of the frame. Again,
having the magnet's ends as close the copper
wire windings as possible will increase the
"exciting" action of the magnetic fields the magnet produces.

10. Spin the shaft as fast as possible. You may want to wind a string around the end of
the shaft, and then pull it sharply to turn the magnets. You could even just spin it with
your fingers. As the shaft turns, you should get a small voltage (enough to light a 1.5 volt
light bulb).[10]
●You could improve the power output by
putting a pinwheel on the end of the shaft
and connecting it to an electric fan to turn
the wheel. Keep in mind that this is only
good to demonstrate the operation of the
generator since you use more electricity
turning it than you create.

https://www.generatorsource.com/How_Generators_Work.aspx

IV. ANALYSIS

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 Direction: Answer the following questions. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. What is the concept of simple electric generator?

2. How does the magnet help in the process?
3. What are the principles of electricity and magnetism used in simple electric generators?

V. GENERALIZATION

Assessment

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer

1.What transformation can take place in an improvised generator

a. Mechanical energy into electrical energy c. Alternating current into direct current
b. Electrical energy into mechanical energy d. Direct current into alternating current
2. Generators are device that convert _______________ energy into _________ energy
a. chemical : mechanical c. electrical : mechanical
b. mechanical: electrical d. potential : kinetic
3. In a simple electric motor like poles of the magnet repel and unlike poles of the magnet
attract. This causes the coil to rotate and thus changes electrical energy

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 to_________________ energy.
a. Mechanical b. Sound c. Light d. Chemical
4. What is an electrical generator?
a. a device that creates water
b. a device that makes you go to school
c. a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
d. a device that makes kids
5. What is the purpose of a motor?
a. Change electrical energy to heat energy
b. Change mechanical energy to electrical energy
c. Change electrical energy to mechanical energy
d. Change mechanical energy to heat energy
6. What type of energy is being converted to electricity in an electric generator?
a. thermal energy b. sound energy c. solar energy d. mechanical energy
7. __________ at power plants produces electric energy for our homes.
a. Electricity b. Cars c. Magnets d. Generators
8. Which of the following is true about energy?
a. clapping hands has nothing to do with energy conversion
b. all energy has to be made with a generator
c. energy cannot be created nor destroyed it can only be changed from one form to
another.
d. electrical generators use sound energy to function
9. How does an electrical generator works?
a. moves food into the mouth
b. by making energy go through foil and putting that through a magnetic wire making
electricity
c. by running on a hamster wheel
d. the magnetic field exerts a force on the moving electron that pushes them along the
wire creating an electric current.

10. A coil of wire spinning around a magnet or a magnet spinning around a coil of wire can
form an _
a. Magnet b. magnetic field c. electric current d. motor
11. Electric motor and generators have ________________ that continuously rotate in a
magnetic field
a. Shaft b. Emf c. Armature d. current carrying
12. A _____________ are used in industrial fans, lowers and pump , machine tools , and
disk drives
a. Transformer c. generator
b. Electric Motor d. None of these
13. A ___________ are used in industrial fans , blowers and pumps, machine
tools , powers tools and disk drive
a. Generator b. Transformer c. Electric Motor d. None of the above
14. This tool produces rotation, it is necessary a special component that will be used as a
pad for a smooth round

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 a. Motor Housing b. Brush c. shaft d. Bearing
15. A static copper winding located around the main axis
a. Armature coil b. Shaft c. Brush d. Drive pulley

Additional Activities
Direction: A. Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below. Write your answer
in your notebook.

1. Fill in the gaps using the words in below

A generator is a device that converts kinetic energy to ____________ energy.
Generators are used by power stations on a large scale to produce mains
__________. They produce a voltage called electromagnetic _______________
(Induction, electricity, electrical, potential , conduction)
2. Label the following parts of the diagram: slip ring, magnet, shaft; ammeter
1

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 3. 4

3. Describe what happens to the ammeter reading when the coil rotates.

Answer Key

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References
Electronic Sources
https://www.flickr.com/photos/64683169@N00/5114244165/in/photolist-2jjCXuq-2jPWz5S-
2jBr6W9-r2N799-RaEXKD-2jPWyZS-2jPVHji-2jPWyUG-4bvVHo-24peJVP-8MVQBx-
8MYVsE-EzRDrP-2iLXQ3n-a3QgM1-9xL1LC-2iM1TvX-tm8kB-tm8ha-tm8iX-tm8k1-4bimwE-
nm5Afw-tm8i6-MYpYj-4brVHF-4brY4T-24peJHe-yfZtcp-2igmv2q-EqdnS9-85AHtL-pwFu4s-

25
8NVvt5-4befRM-fQmD3c-e5P9xu-e5P96W-wt1p8z-2i48PKZ-Nc7NJY-CHsrZc-6fjL7e-
68uU1H-NwzaQY-24kC5Fd-zoZhW6-aCbEKU-nMozcH-rUGQQD

Generator Source.nd. “ How generator works.” Retrieved June 21, 2020, from website
https://www.generatorsource.com/How_Generators_Work.aspx

Byju’s Learning The App.(2020.) “ Difference Between Motor and Generator.” Retrieved
June 25 ,2020 from: https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-motor-and-generator/

IXL Leraning.(2020.) “ How To Make Simple Motor.” Retrieved June 25,2020

from: https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/no-frills-motor/

Wiki How .(2020.) “ How to Make a Simple Electric Generator.” Updated July 03,2020
https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Simple-Electric-Generator?amp=1

Printed Materials
De Luna , Marie Josephine M. , Luis H. , Ritchie P. Manzano ( 2012). Exploring Science
and Technology. Manila. Anvil Publishing Inc.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City,
Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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