TRAVEL “is going from one place to another – and doing things when arriving there – for reasons

not
associated with everyday life”
Travel Agents – a professional who analyzes a traveler’s need and then prices recommend, arranges,
an sells one or more components of that person’s trip.
VFR – most prevalent and common form of leisure travel
Corporate Travel Manager - a person employed by a company to arrange travel for its employee
❖ Jet Engines – fly 520-560 miles per hours (mph), can get longer distance,
and larger
❖ Propeller (props) – smaller and relatively slowly (about 300mph), and travel
short distance
❖ Jet Prop – combines features of both prop and jet engines, tend to be larger
and a little faster than regular prop aircraft.
Pitch, Width & Recline
❖ Pitch – the distance between a point on one seat and the same point on the
seat in the row in front or behind it.
Configuration – the way seating is arranged within the aircraft
Load Factor – the percentage of seats filled with people
❖ Width – wideness of seats, the distance from one side to the other side of
seats
❖ Recline – to lean backward or to sit back and lie down in a relaxed manner.
Classes of Service
❖ First Class – compartment at the front of the plane
o Wider seats (50 inches), greater pitch, more recline (60 % or more),
more elaborate meals, complimentary alcoholic beverage, and free
movies
❖ Business Class – a class of service that is almost as good as that found in
the first class
o Seats mostly 40 inches wide, reclines 40-60% or even fully convert to
beds, may even provide with pajamas
❖ Coach Class (Economy) – the more standard level of service that has been
describe up to now (30 %)
o Narrower seats, less pitch and recline rarely (30 %)
❖ Bulkhead – a wall separating the coach and the first-class compartment.
❖ Bulkhead Row – coach seats immediately behind the partition
Seating Assignment
❖ Exit Rows – the seats where the emergency exits are located
❖ Airport Control – blocked seats obtain at the airport upon check-in Airline Terminologies
❖ Overbooked/oversold – the booking (reservation) for a certain flight is great than or exceed on the
number of seat available (flight seating capacity)
❖ No-Show – people with reservation who don’t show up for the flight
❖ Gate Agent – airline employee who works at the gate where passengers aboard the plane
❖ Bumped (Denied Boarding) – not allowed to board the plane
Major Airlines – huge airline companies that provide service to a substantial
number of North America cities.
➢ Legacy Airlines – carriers that have been for a long time
✓ Philippine Airlines
❖ Secondary Airlines – several airlines aren’t huge as the major but do not
offer considerable service.
✓ Cebu Pacific
❖ Low-Fare Airlines (Low Cost Carrier or LCC)– airline that flew on between
cities, they offer fares that are often lower–sometimes much lower–than the
major
✓ Zest Air and Air Asia
❖ Regional Airlines - serve limited section of the country and often affiliated
with major airlines
Skycap a luggage handler at an airport
Terminal a building at an airport where people get on and off airplanes
Customer Service Representative interact with customers to provide answers to inquiries involving a
company's product or services
Boarding pass document provided by an airline during check-in, giving a passenger permission to board
the airplane for a particular flight
Gate an area at an airport for departure
Jetway (tube and aerobridge) a moveable device that connects the aircraft to the terminal.
Baggage claim the area in an airport where arriving passengers collect luggage that has been carried in
the hold of the aircraft.
Baggage carousel is a device, generally at an airport, that delivers checked luggage to the passengers at
the baggage claim area at their final destination
Immigration deals with people related factors such as citizenship, purpose of trip and etc.
Custom deals with the things such as items carried to or purchased abroad.

2 Broad Categories of Travel

A. Leisure Travel “travel for the purpose of enjoyment”
Sight Seeing
Eat at Wonderful Restaurants
Shopping Spree
Trip to amusement parks & tourist attraction
witness tourist events
Go to resort or casino
B. Business travel “travel beyond one’s general home are for reasons related to work”
set up the trip by themselves
Incentive tour
Meeting clients
Attend conventions & business-related meetings

Air Industry
Commercial Airlines
In-flight Catering
Government Organization
Aircraft Production/Maintenance Company
Airport Shuttles & Airport Trains
Lodging Companies
Hotels
Motels
Condominiums
Campgrounds
Travel Agencies
• help the travel plans and needs
• operate offices that clients can visit or call
• virtual agencies – sell through internet
• located in mall and increasingly, out of their homes
Consortia – alliances of semi-independent agencies that work together to leverage buying clout and
share common resources
Corporate Travel Services
• big corporation and government entity must travel to achieve goals
• in-house travel management department
• outside travel agency to handle travel needs and service
Cruise Lines
• fastest growing segment in travel
• take million passengers yearly to places that is accessible by water
Motor coach Operators
• own and operates buses
• some provide scheduled city-to-city service
• do charter or operate regular service
• city sightseeing and local public transit system
Tour Operators
• do package tours
• some operate local tours, escorted tours, independent tour
• some are exclusive on motor coaches
• others fuse several modes of transportation into one seamless package
Food Services
Car Rental Services
Rail Travel
Meetings & Conventions
Sports & Entertainment Management
Attractions
Theme Parks
Stores & Shops
Parks & Recreations
Government Regulatory Agencies
Destination Marketing Organization
Research Companies
Insurance Companies

Consumers – possibility in any sectors

• Guest – hotels, cruise lines and theme parks
• Client – travel agents
• Passenger (pax) – airlines, tour companies, motor coach operators, rail
service providers
• Visitor – DMO
Suppliers – companies that create, own, and provide the travel products being sold
Intermediaries – acts as go-betweens, linking suppliers with the travelling public
How Travel Products is Distributed
Travel comes from the French word “travail” which means “work”
Discretionary Money left over after paying for the necessity of life such as food,
shelter, and clothing
Plog’s Continuum
DEPENDABLES PSYCHOCENTRICS
Cautious People
VENTURERS ALLOCENTRICS
Bolder People
CENTRICS MIDCENTRICS
occupy a psychological middle ground between the Dependable and Ventures

Aviation - industry that builds and flies aircraft

⎯ Military Aviation – aircraft flown by a nation’s air force and other branches of
its military
⎯ Civil Aviation – industry that flies the public from place to place
• Domestic Service – a flight must start and end within the borders of the
same country
• International Service – a flight starts in one country and ends in another
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) - is the trade association for the
world’s airlines, representing some 260 airlines or 95 percent of total air traffic. It
supports many areas of aviation activity and help formulate industry policy on critical
aviation issues.

Air Service and Routes

❖ Scheduled Service - air transportation that operates regularly at set, advertised times, no matter
how many people are booked on the flight.
o A passenger buys a ticket for specific flight that schedules on daily
basis
o Each flight is identified by its airline’s code and flight number (DL 102)
❖ Charter Flight – occasional flights flown by chartered airlines
o Direct Air Carrier – industry jargon for charter airline
o Public Charter Operator – the entity that charter the plane (tour operator, athletic team)
❖ Privately Owned Jet – business travelers fly corporate jet that their company owns.
❖ Functional Ownership – an individual or company may buy an aircraft, the planes has multiple
owners who to have set flight hours.

Flight Types and Routes

A journey is defined as the origin to destination of an entire ticket.
Origin refers to the first city while destination is the ultimate stopping point in such
journey. Intermediate points refer to the points in between.
❖ Nonstop Flight – the traveler goes from Point A to Point B on the same
aircraft, with no stop between.
❖ Direct Flight – the traveler goes from Point A to Point B on the same aircraft
but the aircraft stops at an airport in between.
❖ Connecting Flight – the traveler, to get to his or her destination, must
change planes, once, twice or even more times.
Flight Types on Traveller’s Ticketing View
❖ One-way Flight Itinerary – the traveler goes from Point A to Point B
❖ Round-Trip Flight Itinerary – the traveler flies from Point a to Point B, stays
a while, and then returns from Point B to Point A
❖ Open-Jaw Flight Itinerary – traveler flies from Point A to Point B, then
travels by ground transportation (such as car rental or by rail) from Point B to
Point C, then returns by air transportation from Point C to Point B.
❖ Circle Flight Itinerary – traveler has two or more extended stopovers and
returns to the originating city.
• Transcon Service – a flight the crosses continents
• Flight Record – the information in its computer about the passenger’s trip
Hubs & Spokes
❖ Domestic Hubs – handles mostly domestic flights
❖ International Hubs – features many flights to other country
❖ Minimum Connecting Time (MCT) – the minimum amount of time needed to
transfer from one flight to a connecting one. Four types of connection exist:
1. The international connection: between two international flights
2. The domestic connection: between two flights within the same country
3. The international to domestic: between an arriving international flight
and departing domestic flight
4. The domestic to international: the reverse of the previous example
The average MCT for connecting between two international flights at the same
airport is 2 hours.

Code Description Country Represented Exact Point of Location

AA American Airlines USA Dallas, Texas
AC Air Canada Canada Quebec
AM Air Mexico Mexico Mexico City
DL Delta Airlines USA Atlanta, Georgia
UA United Airlines USA Chicago, Illinois
WN Southwest Airlines USA Dallas, Texas
AF Air France France Paris
BA British Airways United Kingdom London
BI Royal Brunei Airlines Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan
CI China Airlines Republic of China Taipei
CX Cathay Pacific Hong Kong Hong Kong
EK Emirates UAE Dubai
EY Etihad UAE Abu Dhabi
JL Japan Airlines Japan Tokyo
LH Lufthansa Germany Cologne
KE Korean Air Republic of Korea Seoul
KL KLM Royal Dutch
Airlines Netherlands Amsterdam
KU Kuwait Airways Kuwait
TG Thai Airways Thailand Bangkok
SK SAS Scandinavian
Airlines
Sweden, Denmark,
Norway Stockholm
QF Qantas Airways Australia Sydney
QR Qatar Airways Qatar Doha
SQ Singapore Airlines Singapore
LX SWISS Switzerland Zurich

2P PAL Express (Air Philippines)

5J Cebu Pacific Air
DG Air Asia Philippines
According to the long-term outlook of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNTWO),
international tourists’ arrivals worldwide will reach1.8 billion by the year 2030 (www.untwo.org)

Tourism is a very serious business. Many people do not understand the importance of tourism to
their community’s overall economic well-being. International and domestic tourism combine to
generate up to 10% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product and often a higher percentage in many
small nations and developing countries.

Business and tourism depend heavily on air transportation. Without air transportation, it would be
difficult to meet with partners and customers, deliver mail and other goods, explore geography and
other cultures or visit friends and family. No other mode of transportation can offer the same speed
and reliability over long distance. The air transportation industry facilitates global business growth,
leading to worldwide employment for more than 56 million direct and 95 million indirect jobs,
including supply-chain and tourism businesses. It also transports nearly 3 billion people annually.

Five Essential Elements

There must be a good mix and balance between the basic 5 A’s that are essential to a successful
destination. These are illustrated below. People like to do different things when they travel. They
come from different cultures, have different likes and dislikes, and of course have different budgets.
Some like active holidays; others just want to sit on a hotel balcony enjoying a good view or reading
a book. Some may want to visit famous sites. Yet others want to shop.
A destination has a cater in some shape of form to all these needs. Here are some of the major
aspects of each of these essential 5 A’s.
• Accommodation
The places people stay. Traditionally a hotel or inn, lodging types now also include cruise ship cabins
• Accessibility
No destination can function well unless there is a means of getting there. Lack of adequate
accessibility is frequently cited as one of the major obstacles to tourism development and
investment in a destination.
• Activities
Having reached the destination, what do you then do? Enjoy a game of golf? Go scuba-diving? Take
a jungle trek? A river cruises? Destinations are working harder than ever to widen their range of
activities in order to get people to stay longer and spend more time and money in their facilities.
• Amenities
Local cuisine is often one of the top attractions of a destination. Restaurants, designer bars and
shopping plazas always attract their fair share of visitors. Having an active nightlife may add to
appeal.
• Attractions
What is there to see? Some like to go to the local museums or art galleries. Others prefer the thrill of
an amusement park, appealing for families with children, one of the fastest growing holiday
segments.

TRAVEL AGENCY(TA) help tourists in varied ways. Travel agent can assist traveller with their
requirements before, during and even after the trip.
TOUR OPERATOR are companies that contract and purchase separate travel components and
assemble them into one package. if and when tourists would like to have a tour in a specific place,
tour operator can create itinerary for them.
ITINERARY is the schedule of activities of tourists that state where to go, what time and other
inclusion in the tour.
TRAVEL MANAGEMENT COMPANIES (TMC)They earn through negotiated professional and handling
fee, commissions or mark-up, service fees. And production incentives and rebates from suppliers.

Different kinds of travel agencies

TRADITIONAL WAY
NEW WAY

Types of Tourism
• Cultural Tourism
– Characterized by guided tours that include tasting the local cuisine and the viewing of and
participating in folk dance performances.
• Religious Tourism
– Travel for spiritual renewal and to experience and observe the religious practices of a locality.
• Adventure Tourism
– Challenging oneself in specialized skills acquired. Involves a degree of training and personal risk.
• Ecotourism
– Observing and living with exotic people or native tribes.
– Visiting not easily accessible areas to view the flora and fauna.
• Culinary Tourism
– Eating and drinking holiday along with the study of food production and processing and
participating in food and beverage activities in a relaxed environment.
• Medical tourism
– Health holiday along with a provision of cost effective private medical care in collaboration with
the tourism industry.

A destination a specific area that a traveler decides to visit for the day or spend at least one night.