AM5010 Biomechanics

Dr. Varadhan SKM

Department of Applied Mechanics
In this class..
• Introduction
• Statics
• Dynamics
• Newtons Laws
• Quantum mechanics
-is a fundamental theory in physics which
describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels
of atoms and subatomic particles
• Classic physics
- The physics existing before quantum mechanics, describing
nature at macroscopic scale like energy, momentum and other
quantities.
Classical Physics
• Physics that occurs in our day-to-day life.

V = 60 Km/h

Friction ‘f’
• Large celestial bodies

Gravitational force
Statics & Dynamics
• Statics:
Statics is the branch of
mechanics that is concerned
with the analysis of loads (force
and torque, or "moment")
acting on physical systems that
do not experience an
acceleration (a=0), but rather,
are in static equilibrium with
their environment.
Few more examples
• Dynamics:
Dynamics is the branch of classical mechanics concerned
with the study of forces and their effects on motion
Newton’s Laws
• First law:
In an inertial frame of
reference, an object
either remains at rest or
continues to move at a
constant velocity, unless
acted upon by a force.
• Second law: In an inertial frame of reference, the vector
sum of the forces F on an object is equal to the mass m of
that object multiplied by the acceleration a of the object:
F = ma.
• Third law: When one body exerts a force on a second
body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first
body.
The Free-Body diagram
• FBD is the first step in solving any force system.
• Representing all the forces acting on any particular body
belonging to the system in terms of magnitude and
direction is called Free-Body diagram
External effects
• External forces on a body can be either applied forces or
reactive forces.
Internal Effects
• Internal forces on a body are the deformation forces and
it’s distribution throughout the body.
Classification of Forces
• Contact
• Concentrated
• Distributed
• Weight
• Action and Reaction
Degrees of Freedom
System isolation and free-body
diagram
• Before we apply equilibrium equations we must define
unambiguously the particular mechanical system to be
analysed and isolate it representing clearly and
completely all forces acting on the body.

• The free body diagram is the most important single step

in the solution of problems in mechanics.
Modelling the action of forces
Following images shows the common types of force
application on mechanical systems for analysis in two
dimensions. Each example shows the force exerted on the
body to be isolated, by the body to be removed.
• Cable tension
Smooth and rough surface
Roller support
Freely sliding slide
Pin connection
Built-in or fixed support
Gravitational attraction
Spring action
Construction Free-Body Diagram
• System to isolate
• Draw external boundary of the isolated system
• Identify all forces which act on the isolated system by the
removed contacting and contacting and attracting bodies,
and represent them accordingly.
• Include weights, represent forces by a vector arrow with
direction.
• If the direction is not known, arbitrarily assign a
direction.
Free-Body Diagrams
• Plane truss: Weight of truss assumed negligible compared
with P
Cantilever beam
Beam
Rigid systems of interconnected
bodies